saturdays on c-span, to, and find a full schedule on your program guide or watch online anytime at c-span dot org, slash, history. >> weekends on c-span two are an intellectual feast. every saturday american history tv documents americas story. and sunday book tv brings you the last in nonfiction books and authors. funding for c-span two comes from these television companies and more, including wow or. >> the world has changed. the vast reliable internet connection is something no one can live without. so wow is there for our customers. speed, reliability, value, and choice. now more than ever, it all starts with great internet. wow. >> wow, along with these television companies, support c-span 2 as a public service.

>> good evening, everyone. welcome to the national world war i museum and memorial located here in kansas city, missouri. my name is james taub. i'm the public program specialist here for the memorial. it is my great passion to welcome you here tonight for women and warfare with lieutenant colonel nikki dean. now to introduce our speaker tonight, i will also say the views she will be stating are not reflective of the united states army, the department of defense, the command and general staff college or the combined arm center of the united states rv. lieutenant colonel, nikki dean has 21 years of active service including multiple tours to iraq and afghanistan. by trade, she is an army helicopter pilot. currently, for her second time, -- army doctor and

writer. originally she is from buffalo, new york. she's very emotionally conflicted every time the chiefs and bills play each other. she has been stationed around the united states, germany, as well as in korea. which, in her own words was, super, super fun. she has multiple degrees and studies both history as well as museum studies. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming to the stage lieutenant colonel nikki dean. >> [applause] so, thank you all for the extremely warm welcome. i will say it is a bit daunting to be standing on the side of the podium as opposed to sitting out in the audience, which is where i usually am, for this incredible institution. as james said my name is nikki. tonight i would like to talk to you about something that is incredibly important to both the life that i have had led for the past 20

years as a soldier, but more importantly to talk about an amazing insight into this constantly changing and evolving world where i work. which is in u.s. army doctrine. i have a fierce love and passion for what we produce out of the army. more importantly, because more than just writing books or putting words down on paper, it is an opportunity to share the body of knowledge with new readers. to reach a whole new audience, especially in these changing, sometimes socially difficult, times. it is an incredibly important work that we do. so, i am happy to share this incredible chance to talk to you tonight. here, in this incredible museum. i promise you if you out in the audience are wondering if this will ever relate back to world war i or operation in the european theater, worldwide, i promise you we will get there by the end of the night. first

and foremost, before we really get into the meat and potatoes of this discussion, i think it helps a little bit to establish a baseline. we are talking about doctrine tonight. i know sometimes can feel like, especially if you are a military member, a little bit of a dry topic. i promise, we will get to something interesting in the end. we are going to talk a little bit about the things that are include in our doctrine. not just a concept itself but the archives. the items that we include. quotes and vignettes. we will talk a little bit about who gets quoted, why they get quoted, and answer a really deep, personal question for both me and actually, for several service members who are out there. female service members. where are the women?

we will talk a little bit about the women who have informally influence military doctrine. surprise! they did in fact influence a lot. i theater of warfare in the body of knowledge itself. we will also look at the future of women and warfare. women who are making and roads in view how we view tactics and techniques, the arrangement of forces on the battlefield. it tends to be very technical and also a very niche kind of world to live in and write for. and i will bring it back to probably one of the most important books that i had a chance to contribute very small amount to and play a very small role on a very important team. i also need to state a caveat. if you're listening, someone might try to call me out on the use of the word caveat, by the way it is found in nato doctrine. go to that resource first. when we discuss women's roles in military history, in the military

doctrine, it opens up a can of worms. [inaudible] i understand this can feel like iterant topic. to recognize there have been women stories, for stories of other communities that have been lost. words that have been lost that potentially contributed, or could contribute, to a deeper discussion about the theory of warfare. about tactics and techniques. there are historians, historians who are making amazing active effort to put that experience of why those words were missing into context. more importantly to try to find those lost and missing words. those historians are doing incredible work right now as we speak. also, to a certain extent, they have uncovered some truths that, on occasion, even women who participated in the development

of geopolitical strategic use of military forces. who talked about tactics and the order deployment of forces, sometimes those women were historically accepted because of certain reasons, they were amplified for certain reasons. to certain extent, sometimes they behaved and gatekeepers. wrong or right, it is just the way that that historical experience is. so, what about doctrine? i would like to start off with this. about once a year, once a year will someone will send me this. as james pointed out i spent two tours in the military working on doctrine. aviation doctrine and -- this always ends up usually on my social media in a direct message, typically from a junior officer

who is either experiencing doctrine for the first time, or experiencing this mean for the first time. they think it's hilarious! personally, i love it. i love it. i love that some of my peers who are a little older in the military and have been around the block time or two, they also find funny. to a certain extent, a little bit poignant. at the same time i don't think there is a single officer, and co, warrant officer, civilian professional out there who would actually say they are going to work in doctrine. that is just not how we work as a military. so what is doctrine? to put it plainly, in order for us to have this discussion we have to establish, like i said, that common framework. the common frame of reference. it will help us -- the current operating environment. one of the books that we write as the army exist. doctrine is, as i said a couple of times now, the body of knowledge that guides us, guides military forces. it's not just that, it's a common language that we all speak.

it's even spoken by us that don't necessarily even wear the uniform. it is a codification principles tactics, techniques, even procedures to a certain extent. it is often viewed as a start point, never an end. it is a largely [inaudible]. sometimes needing to be prescriptive but only when it is absolutely necessary. usually in very close keeping to the way that we structured our body knowledge. the text -- that we use for the books that we write. most importantly, this is absolutely important to know. it is always evolving. it is not a stagnant book that is written and then dumped on the shelf and hopefully lieutenant finds it someday. it is periodically updated. we periodically update books. it is important because the experiences that we learn are ones that are constantly feeding into the way that we update these principles,

procedures, tactics and techniques. i have said on a number of occasions, to make it easier for myself to understand as both a writer and a user of doctrine, doctrine is the best idea i could have. [inaudible] for a written time, for a war in the future, hopefully for a war we never have to fight. i actually heard most recently from professor at that school of advanced military studies, and kind of stuck with me she said to me doctrine is an artifact. wow, that hit hard. she is right. she is right. it exists and a moment in time in the army. it captures and demonstrates an evolution of ideas when we look at it

holistically, across the entire time period that the manuals have existed and evolved. like we said, they are constantly evolving. most importantly, and this is when she said that, it provides a definitive insight into our values as an institution at a particular moment in time. so, where does that leave us? well, if we are going to talk about doctrine as an artifact, perhaps it is time to reframe that idea a little bit. look at doctrine manual as a museum [inaudible] the concepts that are discussed, even yet that survive historical context, the quotes that are manifestation, the materials that are covered are all of the artifacts. the things that we collect together. when we go to museums to find commonality throughout history using those bits of material that we see behind the

-- behind glass, we understand ourself. it is buzzing away with doctrine manuals to a certain extent. we, the united forces, our allies, our joint sister services. to a certain extent, -- services. all of us go to doctrine to find the common lexicon that we can speak. i know, that you know, that we all know, that that thing we are talking about means the same thing. also it helps us better understand how we all do the ordered arrangement of forces and activities to a = common standard or common -- so, why put quotes in doctrine. i've often asked myself that question. i know for a fact i've been cornered on several

occasions, cornered, on social media and asked, why would we put that stuff in there? well, we put quotes in doctrine because we want to show certain principles, certain techniques, certain tactics and show them in context. show them that hey, this stuff has existed throughout the course of history. i think it was mark twain who said history doesn't repeat but it rhymes. it's fairly poignant to see that reflected and a historical quote that leads into material that will be introduced to a brand-new reader for the first time. it also to a certain extent shows the fundamentals of how we do offense, defense, instability, in context. one famous ones did those things. therefore, i'm learning them now as i read the doctrine themselves. also, i believes it breaks up the monotony of reading. sometimes it can be a painfully dense book. and introduces historical moments which are distilled into a

memorable turn of phrase. it's a nice--. it is a nice aesthetic to put into a book. selfishly, as a amateur military historian it encourages curiosity. it encourages us to learn more. especially at a time in which we see individuals who are coming into their own as tactician's. it encourages us to look at ourselves and reflect and see if our institutions are defending the values that we ourselves hold dear. for me, in my work, and the place that i work it began as the draft of a book. like i said, periodically we go through the process of redraft-ing doctrine. it is a common occurrence. [inaudible] >> the update, which is a cornerstone, it ultimately governs the development and refinement of tactics and techniques across the army van

base, influences joint services, influences allied doctrine as well. prior to official publication we send our drafts to an audience typically universal or wider army staff or audience, and we release them and as individuals we get some pretty good feedback on occasion. it's kind of important because we as authors kind of remove preconceived notions about what have doctrine writer's. we all approach it with numerous branches. that blend of service members and civilians who contribute to it most of them prior military serious service and most of us.

what we do is work the existing body of knowledge. we will look at experimentation and options that are going on and then we will look to see whether or not we need to evolve, based off the feedback. also, because we are humans as writers we tend to fall prey to our own biases. i have to admit that straight off the bat as a normal person doing their job from day today. i myself am no different, and i contributed to this book, as you prepared, in a very small way. as i was studying and reading and gathering all of the things that i needed to write. wound up.

i went back two minutes i went to -- i went to -- to think about it. to some extent kennedy looking for things that would bring a certain manifestation of the material i was covering. i am a female service member and i didn't realize that gap. i didn't even when thinking of the principles of war to recognize one's own gap as any writer knows, we'll have to begin with the draft at some point, that's how writing works. taking asking for feedback is absolutely crucial so when feedback came back it came from

a tweet on social media, asking why, in a manual filled with artifacts, perfect outer vax where the distilling the material we were introducing, there were no women? which prompted me to ask my own questions about how women influence and are influencing military operations in the studies today. so, i think i did what any borderline millennial will do, i took to twitter. i asked and formed a tweet on twitter and talk about a bunch of individuals, and twitter did not disappoint at all. what i got back was genuinely insightful and encouraging. this was something that was --

asking the team that was writing, would they be amenable? with they want to include or would they think it would be appropriate? so the question for me to ask because that team was leading the effort to bring begin a process of including women and include the ideas of women who had tactics in the book itself. [inaudible] we were making sure they were finding somebody that would best reflect the organization, but also reflect the manual that we were writing. a little bit about quotes in manuals, because obviously -- have limit influenced military operations. but to put a quote in the military book we have to lay down a foundation of what we thought would be good. we wanted to have a quote or many quotes or even yet, historical image.

you have to decide who makes the cut, because you can't have all the artifacts in the museum. it's not going to be able to hold it. but most of all, there was an important reason to look at who manifest oh b.e.s.t.s reveals the material we're covering. so the team that was leading this effort established a pretty interesting parameters. they sat down and said somebody, it had to be this new generation. we didn't necessarily want to have somebody who was mythical as well as -- our amazing and provide a wealth of inspirational words, we want to do have somebody, they wanted to have somebody who is realistic, somebody authentic and approachable, somebody who even i, if i were long again could aspire to be like. i could feel influenced to go out and research and learn more

about. and prompted a question in me, as well, a deeper question, especially if they were beginning that heavy lifting. about whether or not women could ever influenced military operations. primarily western idea of military theory and military theory of victory. spoiler alert. women do influence the body of knowledge. when i started, i was lucky enough to be able to start with a woman who was [inaudible] it is no secret that -- influenced the work of -- various translation to improve, the translation we use against the command staff college currently it would not, we

would not be able to give you a translation if it were not for her efforts in championing her husband's work and continuing on the effort to bring it to publication in 1831. the preface of most additions that you can get today in translation, she actually wrote. those who knew of her happy marriage and we shared everything, not only joy and pain but also every occupation, every concern of daily life, we'll realize -- could not occupy my good husband brother the same time becoming thoroughly familiar to me. following his death in 1851 marries choice to publish the manuscript on war provided western military world with one of the most influential theories of warfare that is still studied to this very day. one american academic actually did the math and provided --

one of the most quoted individuals on army doctrine, on military doctrine, currently. and while murray's work and choice to publish on more largely -- kind of controversial after madison's death, what put just important she was and influencing the ideas on what he wrote, what he codified from his experiences on the battlefield. i say by -- that an incredible treasure trove of personal correspondence began to be included, in the academic body of knowledge, and, more importantly, they were discovered by the tireless work of a woman author, a woman military historian. her published work, the woman behind the making of the warrant when the 16, she opened up her door to the relationship between a husband and wife as they mutually developed what i

would personally consider one of the most influential books into how we think about a theory of victory today. in the end, as we breathe efforts to shape this manuscript -- as irrevocably shaped the fabric of western military theory and probably i am alone in that but -- not that alone. to a certain extent, she has continued to shape it throughout the 20th century today. much like this woman. so into the 20th century, there were a few women who have influenced the idea so political theory quite the way gertrude bolivian bell has. she briefly worked alongside -- in the region two years ahead of him before he arrived. the man who is, let's face it,

became one of the more influential works of that era. challenging at his influence in the middle east given the outcome of what we now now, research now prevent where he out the british national archives recently begun comparing and contrasting lawrence's work using records and personal correspondence and what he had found is pretty significant. one such a story and during this work is the head of modern overseas intelligence and security records in the national archives in hugh gardens. she what she found and whether or not gertrude lowthian bell's work influence theory is pretty calm telling. it's enough to say the geopolitically she influenced without question. her ability to influence diplomacy, regional politics, regional alliances, all of it

is unquestioned. what is definitely known and seen is that she poignantly shaped intelligence gathering doctrine. we also had an opportunity or numerous opportunities to participate in geographical surveys, the understanding of how we interrelate human terrain and physical train together to understand the deeper cultural context of people that we work with. this is for a lot of folks the foundation of the counterinsurgency, community forces, internal defense documents today. human doctrine, primarily human intelligence doctrine -- in gertrude lowthian bell, a woman who definitely influenced the way we can think despite some of the challenges that existed in her life. moving forward into the hoops, i apologize. moving forward into the 20th

century, it's wonderful to have a chance to talk about this woman, especially in the area where i work -- doctrine. grace mary hamburg is an incredible person. she is a naval reserve manifestation of lovelace, heavy lamar, catherine johnson. she did it all in new uniform working for the naval reserve. she has a quote which -- british doctrine recently. the most damaging phrase is, we have always done it this way. she is the mother of machine independent preventing languages, most notably, -- which, coincidentally is still in use today. and cabal is not a particular language. today -- about that because it would outstrip my puddle of knowledge of ai, data mapping, network

integration, command post integration, and then i realize the common operating in command boasted tigray shun and operations, that is -- one of them when it comes to developing doctrine. and i think that she has advocated to the department of defense but there specifically to replace these large centralized computer systems with smaller distributed computers. and in larger interface to work with computer node and common databases across the network. this influences the way we do distributed operations today. more importantly, the idea of requiring and vetting a testing stand for computer components to make sure that we have increasing interoperability which is important for the multinational operations and joint operations today. so we cannot think about the modern data center computer -centric without the idea that

this woman contributes directly to a complex distribute question of operations, especially for command posts. and -- the idea of missions have borders, in the centralized operations are decent draw lived execution relies on commanders, commanders rely on computers, and ultimately rely on hoppers influence. these women are not directly quoted. some, inner allies doctrine have managed to make it in, but never were. but they have an influence and a lasting impact on the way that we think of the body of knowledge, the way we think about how we talk about military doctrines and military operations. so, what about the future? what about where we currently sit? put our influencers aside for just a second and look about the women who are currently discussing military operations. right off the bat, there is an

opportunity to champion, and i know that in the future there will be tons of women influence in this discussion, people like olivia garage, whose work on annotated guide to tactics, edited and annotated guide -- theory of combat to break down complex areas and present them in a way that is usable and understandable and engage-able for young leaders today in the military. most of you who work here or who have participated here are familiar with -- a historian who talks about the british military ability to adapt. training doctrines, how to do evolution's a modernization of the battlefield, modernization of forces in training. she is absolutely critical to the way that we would look at training doctrine currently. also there are others folks out there that are doing more

routine defense work. one of the people that are talked about is the person who brought the idea that maybe women should be quoted in doctrine and also one pointed out the cause of the -- , elena wicker, recent ph.d. candidate, focuses a lot of her studies specifically on the idea of the military lexicon, the language that we use and the patterns that develop into jingle. how it can be used and how it could be misused across the military. was just a few of the top of my head, honestly. there is a litany of other historians as well as people out there shaping the way that we view the world. to be able to look at them, to see what they have included in their own work and to be able to include it in other military doctrine, to show how it could potentially shape the material and introduce the material that we cover is an amazing

opportunity. i have also been asked where our the eisenhower's, the patterns, pershing, the generals that we all want to see quoted in big bold letters? across the top of a new chapter. i'm proud to say that those individuals are coming. most of those young people as a matter of fact in the last ten years we've only had them integrated since the combat arms. this is important to know because those individuals that will become the future that we quote so prolifically, their platoon leaderships positions right now, they're in company batteries, they're learning how to employ forces and developing experiences. to a certain extent even the -- counterparts in air defense, communications. those individuals are in those

commands lines right now. the developing the experience that will become crucial to them as core commanders of the future. the people that will actually become significant tack patients on the battlefield, the ones that will be watched closely. along with it women who voted advocated for the body of knowledge that we have. 20% of the doctrine rioters in the united states military are women. women writers, along with this very fact and the professional military journals into military -- all of this contributing to the chance to find these missing stories, these missing words across the united states military, and across military historian centers. so what about the book that we drafted? honestly, it is fitting that we

are sitting here to discuss this. >> was born in january of 1912 in new york city. she's ratcliffe grad and honorary doctorate for a literature that she achieves throughout her storied career as a historian. she has written numerous distinguished books, novels, not novels, i apologize, books and articles and distinguished herself as a historian in her own right, not just an historian but a military theorist. as most of you know her pulitzer prize-winning book, the guns of august, was unveiled and in 1971 she also contributing again with the american experience in china. >> she wasn't just a pulitzer prize-winning writer. she was also a very astute

thinker. in april 1972 was requested to speak to the -- college. on a subject of generalship of all things. she competed in published in the journal of parameters, the journal still produced by the school house today. that's the that was remarkable, and the statement it made about leaders on the battlefield and just staying in confrontational environments and using, most importantly, the language of the man she was addressing at the time. i didn't know that this existed. it was introduced by the leaders working on the -- at the time. when i actually got a chance to write it, i agreed with my teammates that it gave me chills for how accurate and how relevant it felt today. in 1972 edition of parameters,

issue number one if you're interested in googling it. alongside american leadership on bradley, and it also ran against an article which caught my eye which is the impact of change on the u.s. army. oddly -- that one felt extremely poignant because you literally could have removed, much like -- article, you could have removed references to the vietnam war and literally reprinted it in journals today, and it would still be incredibly relevant and incredibly poignant to some of the things the military continuing to work through. 50 years later. 50 years later, the doctrine rioters are putting out a sections such as country operations, a cast of books in the united states army determining which quote and which vignettes would make the cut. they decided and so amazing

leadership and some pretty amazing research that if dr. young, young factitious in the future, it was time to include her ideas and her craft. this is the team that did it. i interviewed a small small portion of this. we are really proud to be a female service member, to have worked alongside these individuals. it takes really forward thinking leadership, historically minded leaders, to advocate for that change to overcome challenges and the. kim committee where i work is fortunate to have leadership like that. it also helps, to a certain extent, that we have some very diligent doctrine writers, individuals willing to work hard, the two were also willing

to cooperate to get the best representation of the book, the best representation of the material we were covering. more importantly, to actually partner with -- to put words that were extremely poignant to the material they were discussing. in truth, it helps to be able to see oneself as a female service member, the work that these people did to see myself centered within the institution. i am so proud to know that into know the work they did to do this. so where do we go from here? there is a question to be asked about what remains to be done, finding the theories that are out there. historians are doing incredible work, but along with it it takes fostering from the community. it takes mentorship and growth. i'm lucky enough to work with an organization tour with a team that is absolutely

committed to the idea that there is something good about doing historical research and looking to the past as well as the present and future to do women how the army body of knowledge needs to evolve. and for that, i'm deeply grateful to work where i do and to work in the army at the current time that i do. i think there is a question to be asked about how do we find and foster the next female eisenhower? how do we find someone to have the words to best fulfill the operation, tactics, techniques, all into a few meaningful words that were introduced a chapter? and i am happy to know that that work is going to be done well into the future. in the end i, think the team that sits at operations for united states army has added this incredibly important artifact to the museum. but most importantly, it's a representation for the institution itself. i think, honestly, it is simply

a sign of where we will be going in the future. i would like to thank you for your time today and for your interest in listening to this. i know most people look at military doctrine as a kind of dry sort of topic. but the ability to know that that is growth occurring, especially in something that is so small and seeing some miniscule, but it is so incredibly important. i can't thank you, as the audience, and also the world one museum for the work and for the -- [applause] >> did you have a question for lieutenant colonel nikki dean? if you need assistance i will be moving around with an other

microphone. if you're watching us online feel free to type of question into the chat box. the amphitheater is monitoring us and they will be read off here in person. i will start off the first one. one of our youtube questions. my question actually revolves around your illusion to the next generation of leaders, eisenhower, the first female pattern currently serving as a junior officer. do you think that their experience in the recent wars in iraq and afghanistan will give them a different view than other soldiers who have not had that experience? is there something to build on the fact that they came out of a massive counter insurgency operation versus the patents, the eisenhower's who had fought in the -- war in europe? >> i would hope so. honestly.

i genuinely hope that the influence of the operations we have currently done, and the places we have currently served, i would love to think that those experiences continue to mature with that individual, whoever she might be, whoever they might be. i want them to continue to grow. as a doctrine writer, as somebody who is going to eventually leave the army and vacate my seat so somebody else can come in, because response to work ourselves out of a job. that's the whole point. i hope that they retain that unique experience and allow it to continue to grow. especially as we talk about consolidation of gaining military doctrine. that will be one of those crucial tidbits or crucial ideas that we cannot leave behind. but >> i have a question for you. as someone here on the internet,

thank you lieutenant colonel but nikki dean, this was eloquent. how did you get into the job of doing what you do? >> great question. the militant military is coming around to the army is coming around to this idea of how we manage talent. actually giving a chance to individuals to display key skills or a certain key mindset 's. so i had an opportunity at one point is i was leaving a job where i was training in mobilization's for our reserve deployment soldiers. someone saw a job pop up on what we saw as -- , almost like a job search. the next thing you know, i was getting a chance to contact the director and the amazing colonel retired rich curry to ask if it will be possible for me to use the skills i had learned as an aviation doctrine

writer to come back and work with the doctrine community again. boy, i can't thank him enough for the benefits he gave me, because he is also given me a chance to really work with an incredible individual's and to work and champion body of knowledge for readers. absolutely an amazing opportunity. we >> thank you for your presentation, and this question addresses your experience more as a doctrine writer. codifying the main operating environment and human environment, how do you perceive the army using a gender based -- ? >> oh, great question. as a woman, as a female service member, it's difficult to balance to. the lens that you have as a

woman, as a woman service member, regardless of where you came from previously, you're always going to have that. and it's important to be able to recognize that it's an opportunity for you to examine, even work with others, examine the history of others and put it in context. the approach to the female doctrine writer takes may not be inherently different from her male counterpart pound parts. but ultimately you bring a different perspective. you bring a perspective on the idea of integration of partnership, of teen building, and how we do planning, of how we structure integrating functions. all of, it right? the idea is that even inherently women provide a certain perspective, a different perspective because of the way, especially when you're only 17% currently that

serve as women, service members. you can't escape it. but it's a certain, at the same time, i'd say, it eventually we all of us end up starting to junk the group think a little bit. it's not a thing that's happening, for me the idea of always going back to the old favorites of maritime operations. it's recognizing when that is happening. that's the kicker. that's the key. does that answer your question? you're welcome. >> i guess my question is a little bit more generic. i was curious. what does your writing process look like, whether it's in the collaborative stage or in the province where you are just working on your own, and then, the second part, is there another subject matter that you are looking at now for, another

thing you're interested in for the future? >> two parts to it. i will say most of us, i can only speak for myself and what i like to do, and how i prefer to do it. a lot of us, what we will do is, when we come together we will look at what the product is gonna be for the evolution of the book. you're gonna put something new in there or something has to change or perhaps the book itself is amazing and you can't change it at all. but the process of doing research behind it or doing the work behind it to examine lessons learned, exercises going on, information coming back from the field itself, that resides in the re-wheelhouse of the person who has authorship of the air manual. a lot of times it's a collaborative thing. we work in a group office together, can she escape sharing. in fact some of the best ideas, the small things i'm working on

right now, have come from my coworkers. so collaborative environment is promotes a leadership that at the commander's director it is crucial to us in showing that we cover gaps if something is missing or recognize when certain changes are absolutely necessary within emmanuel. that is eventually somewhere somewhere has to put pen to paper and begin the process. that's also a collaborative thing. everything we, write everything i've written i've shared and have had amazing feedback. it's not all gems. but when it comes together for the team, like for this director in the director, it it's a polished jam by the time it leaves. and then it changes again. me personally, for the fact that i am working on it is, as i'm preparing to transition out of the military and retire in the next few months, i am still

on the sidelines and watching people do incredible work on things like information, operations, optics and prevention of tactics manual, reproduction of the tactics manual. i'm also i participate and post a podcast with cult breaking doctrine, folks again bringing doctrine, or bringing it to a new generation using new media techniques and providing a conversational down on how we che share the body of knowledge with professionals. >> if you could share understanding of doctrine, that might help the american public in what the world looks like on a military front today. >> oh. loving it. that's a good one. >> the funny thing is, army

doctrine is not a secret. i'm gonna tell you this amazing thing about it. it's publicly available. sun stuff is hidden behind firewalls, obviously for reasons of controlled information. but the comfy but our body of knowledge is available to anyone around the world. you can go to the army publishing director site and scroll through directives, through doctrinal publications, through training circular's and training guides. you can literally see everything about theory of warfare or the theory of victory that the army uses and how to purchase operations. none of it is hidden. which is fine because sometimes it feels like it's hidden from you readers, but it's even better when i find out that individuals who would not be considered the traditional audience for doctrine are very

curious and excited to read the books we write. as my dark has often heard me say, probably a little too frequently with, what good is a book if nobody reads it? i feel like that is an opportunity to share with everyone, to share with the greater american populists. your forces are not arbitrary, and the forces that are out there doing operations are not doing it arbitrarily. in fact, you never do it on the fly. we are in fact very diverse deliberating the way we do tactics, techniques, and procedures. and we have proof. it's available on your phones. [laughs] >> you've won a lot of different hats. what something you were surprised by when you shifted from a person who was receiving doctrine to a person who is writing doctrine and is there anything you would like to say to the average person in the

audience as to what your position in the army is like? >> when i was a person who shared the meme i was the person who, the enemies would never figure it out it low and behold yes we do. i find it just how incredibly important the body of the knowledge was, especially when it comes to my work is an army mediator working on ground forces. it was understood that the office, defense, tactics, techniques, it built their battle drills. to shift and advocate with the forces more seamlessly, more holistically, it's critical and state but also to a certain extent if i could go back and tell my younger self to read doctrines, as a young officer i

would probably say just don't just read the staff oriented on you. don't just read the -- but in fact read about your peers across the force itself, actually engage in their books, because facts, that's where i get into this idea of, once we understand how our sister foundations or our them -- then we can begin the process of integrating. that's where the army is powerful. >> hello, ma'am, i have two questions for you. one, you mentioned maritime operations. is that targeted toward a potential future antagonist? and i mentioned -- first so i'm thinking of that theater. and then also, how has the ukrainian situation affected, can you put doctrine on pause and take a step back and look at what's happening today,

outside of the impact on what you're doing. >> i can only speak to those two things from my own opinions are from my own perspective. obviously when i stand back and, i'll answer your second question first, when i look at the current operations going on in ukraine, as many of my peers do when we think about operations in general, we are looking and observe those lessons from both sides, partly because it gives us illuminating the tactics and puts them in a context of a real battle field. we are constantly assessing and looking back to ensure that we are doing the best we can for our own soldiers. by looking at lessons learned from other battlefields of other wars, other operations that are going on, every professional, every professional not just the u.s. military but our joint allies as well, they are all doing it. and as far as speaking to the work on land operations in a

maritime dominant environment, there's a large portion of the world that is covered by water. it stands to reason that looking at history and looking at the historical perspective of how we look at our operations especially during the second war and also during the first world war, gives us insight into how we can evolve our understanding of these operations. joint forceable intrigue, and so forth. that's always important. it helps the way we train, where we think about operations. does that answer your question, sir? thank you. >> if you will join me one more time and thanking lieutenant colonel dean. [applause]

>> and you're enjoying american history tv. sign up for a weekly still upcoming close -- the presidency, and more. sign up for the american history tv newsletter today, and be sure to watch american history tv every saturday or anytime online at c-span dot org, slash history. american history tv, saturdays on c-span two, exploring the people and events that tell the american story. at 8 pm eastern on lectures in history your college professor jacquelyn bay talks about women's rights and changing political power during the american revolution, the early years of the republic. and at 9:30 pm eastern on the presidency, for 13 days in october of 1962, the u.s. faced the threat of nuclear war with the soviet union over the cuban missile crisis using tapes of president kennedy and his

officers debating their options. we exploring the american dream. watch american history tv, saturdays on c-span two. and fina ll schedule on yo program guide or watch online anytime at c-span dot oregon slash history. >> weekends on c-span two are an intellectual feast every saturday american history tv documents america story and on sundays book tv bringsyou the latest in nonfiction books and authors. c-span 2 funding comes from these television companies and more, including -- >> homework can be hired. that's why we are providing lower income access to affordable energy so homework can just be homework. cox, along w