you -- for you. >> i'm wondering if you can update us on the cash for work program. do you have any updated figures? >> the to this point, people -- the cash for work is focused on one particular direction. there are several programs out there that will be running over the it couple of months and focused on providing money for people to buy food and feed themselves and clothing and so forth. also, going through the rubble of which is a gargantuan task. the first rule be getting the streets clear. .

. impassable. people are out there with sledgehammers and picks and shovels. the art dumping -- they are dumping into these big dump trucks to clear the roads. >> the number of people that might be participating? >> at the top of my head, i cannot want to mislead you and cannot want to mislead you and give you a wrong number. >> a snapshot of the operations of the embassy now compared to before the earthquake? >> on the consular side, would put a huge amount of effort because the primary goal is to look after the well-being of american citizens from overseas. early on, the first two weeks, our effort was people wanted to get out with their families.

we were focused on that. as time has passed, people have come in that the other from other parts of the country or for whatever reason decided to stay. to help with the building and cleanup efforts which they feel that they made their lives there and want to stay. they may need help and replacing lost passports which is going to be a problem for everybody because many people lost all the documentation they had. some people need to prove they own property if they're going to start rebuilding the house. early on, most of our people were focused aid in any way we can. those things have taken somewhat

of a step back, we're having our officers kovach to working on issues like political -- officers going back to working on the issues like the board. on the economic side, our folks are working on things like what american carriers back and running at the airport and what support they need in that regard. the embassy management section of public affairs and we had a huge wave of press people down in country. we have had a lot of help from our colleagues on that washington who volunteered to come and work and to spell our colleagues that have been there for three weeks without a break. the management section has had a

huge job keeping the embassy running. these are difficult circumstances. we are in a situation where we have many hundreds of people on the embassy compound, many more than the place was designed for. we have things like over 100 surgery is done in our main conference room including applications -- including amputations. we are trying to get the place and to some semblance of normalcy is going to be a huge task. making sure that people can go back to their houses. those that still have them. i did not want to leave out of our colleagues in the security section as well. they have done a terrific job in terms of making sure that various neighborhoods are safe for us to go back to.

frankly, enabling a lot of the search and rescue workers who came down in the immediate weeks after the earthquake to go out and do their job with a sense of security and safety. ourusaid colleagues are going to be bearing the brunt of a lot of this. as you can imagine, a huge effort of reconstruction and rebuilding. they will be at the forefront of that. >> thank you. w3ñr[captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010]

>> just to continue on with other subjects, obviously, secretary clinton will be going to qatar and saudi arabia. her schedule has been adapted a slight bit. her departure time was pushed till tomorrow afternoon, but her primary schedule, once she arrives in doha, will go on without change. and then after arriving in doha on sunday, she will then move on to riyadh and jeddah, saudi arabia, returning to the u.s. late tuesday night. under secretary bill burns will be traveling this coming week to lebanon, syria, turkey,u! and azerbaijan. he'll have meetings in lebanon with president sulayman, prime minister hariri, and other lebanese leaders demonstrating our continued support to a sovereign and independent lebanon. rnbçóñrin syria, he will meet wh president asad and foreign minister mualem, reflecting our continued interest in further dialogue with the syrian government on all aspects of our bilateral relationship. and then on to turkey for meetings with senior officials to discuss the 2006 shared vision framework for our

strategic partnership, and then he will continue on to azerbaijan for meetings on february 19 with president aliyev to reinforce our bilateral relations, and he will also be meeting with civil society members there. administrator for usaid raj shah will be in haiti tomorrow, traveling there with general doug fraser of southern command to meet with haitian leaders and review humanitarian and reconstruction relief efforts. obviously, and he will be able he'll be there during this period of mourning and provide our thoughts and prayers on behalf of the american people as we reflect on the 30-day anniversary of the earthquake. and special envoy scott gration will travel to chad and sudan this coming week for discussions with members of sudan's people liberation movement[1], the splm, including president kiir, on resolving the

remaining issues around the full and complete implementation of the comprehensive peace agreement. and then he will be in khartoum on for bilateral meetings with both the splm and the national congress party to discuss the census, referendum, abyei, and all and post-referendum issues. i think like all sports fans tonight, we're looking forward to the start of the winter olympics, and we will be rooting for team usa of course, but for team usa of course, but the9 olympics and sports in tes of promotion of our joint international goals. we are grateful to our friends in canada for hosting this great event. with that. yes. >> can i ask you about bill burns going to syria? can you put that in some context? is he the highest-level official to go in some time, and why now? does it have to do with the ambassador choice or -- >> well, it doesn't have to do with the ambassador per se; it has to do with what a return of the ambassador to syriab.

represents, which is further steps in terms of our bilateral relations. ñwhile there, i think he'll reflect on a number of issues in terms of regional issues obviously, what how syria continues to view the situation with respect to the middle east peace. but obviously, it reflects our growing interest in working constructively with syria and the leaders of that country. yeah. >> can i ask you about the statement you put out yesterday on tony blair? you said that he would be intensifying his partnership, i think was the term you used, with george mitchell, to deal with the negotiations question, the political negotiations. what does that mean in concrete terms? what will ov"e doing that he wasn't hadn't been doing? and does it mean george mitchell will be doing something different? >> no, no, not at all. but we for example, we

continue to work jointly on how to increase the capacity of palestinian institutions, how we can continue to help the with the growth and expansion of the palestinian economy, recognizing that these have the ability to support the efforts on getting the parties into a negotiation. so it is making sure that we are working as closely together as possible so that on the economic front, on the political front, and on the negotiation front, we're doing everything we can to advance palestinian interests as a way of encouraging them to continue to prepare for the point in the future which, following a negotiation, we would hope that there would be a viable palestinian state. xd>> well, weren't you doing all of that before? >> yes. >> and i don't so whyñr the necessity to reinforce former prime minister blair's role?

he's a hardworking guy, he was working all of this stuff. >> mm-hmm. >> but i just don't get it. >> well, i mean, we have had periodic discussions with prime minister blair and the quartet. and i think we are looking for a variety of ways in which we can encourage the region to move forward. and we certainly think that on the political front and the economic front, there's an opportunity here to be able to help provide the kind of support to palestinian leadership that it needs. >> so what just on the political front, i mean, what's he because his focus, of course, has been the economic front. >> yes, it has. what -- >> what is he doing on the political front now then that

he wasn't doing before? and how does that not potentially duplicate senator mitchell's -- >> well, no. but you have to deal with political leaders to make sure that you have the you're building the economy. you want to see ways in which the region not can continue to invest in a palestinian state, in the west bank in particular, where there has been encouraging economic news. so i would just think it is a true complement to what george mitchell is doing, and we are going to intensify our cooperation. >> does senator mitchell have any plans to cease in his role or to reduce his role? >> what we were describing yesterday in terms of our cooperation, it is about it's not about a plus-or-minus equation. it's about george mitchell is working hard on getting the parties to negotiation. tony blair is working on for his part, in terms of trying to

build the institutions that will be necessary for a viable palestinian state. the united states has a role to play in that as well. so i wouldn't say that the advance of what tony blair is doing comes at the expense of george mitchell, not at all. >> and senator mitchell is not going to give up his role? i mean, that's not -- >> not at all. no. >> okay, good. >> one more. did this come about because you said to yourself we've been unable so far to get the two sides to resume negotiations, maybe tony blair can do something or somebody else can do something? >> no. but we are looking at how we can through pull put every thread into a tapestry that is able to support and advance middle east peace. and success will involve advancing on the political front, advancing on the economic front, advancing on the social front. alle important so that people ultimately have the confidence to take the important steps and

make the difficult decisiooq that are necessary to achieve what we all want, which is comprehensive peace in the middle east. charley. >> thanks for the opportunity to talk to the ambassador. still on the issue of haiti, do you have any information about possibly the changed status of the detained americans? and then secondly, still on haiti, i think there's a concern among some international aid groups that the perfectly understandable need to rush emergency aid and money to haiti may have the unintended consequence of starving some other international aid projects. is this a concern of yours and what's being done about it? >> let me do the first question and come back and clarify. you're talking in the u.s. context on the second question? >> yes. >> okay. on the first question, the haitian legal system continues to evaluate the charges against the 10 americans.

and we have received no formal notification from the haitian government as to a resolution of this case, and i wouldn't expect one through this three-day period of morning. so to the extent that the judge in the case may have something to announce, i would expect that would be early next week. >> informal notification? >> no. i mean, i know there's a lot of rumors flying out there. we're anxious to see the case resolved as quickly as possible and as appropriately as possible. but this is a haitian legal process and when they make a formal announcement, then, as the ambassador said, we're prepared to provide whatever support is appropriate. >> anything just on the aid issue? >> mm-hmm. i mean, we have we are working with omb on a haiti supplemental. i'd expect the package to be to go up to the hill in the next few days.

obviously, that's an omb and a white house decision to announce. the government is not allowed to spend money it doesn't have. i know that's a startling fact in washington, d. c. so in the face of the earthquake 30 days ago, we have been tapping into accounts that were initially set aside for other parts of the world. this is, in fact, how good, solid budgeting and management works. and then with the supplemental,i which we expect congress will act on expeditiously there's a codel in haiti today evaluating their needs then we will be able to rapidly replenish funding that we've borrowed, if you will, from other accounts. this is exactly how the system works when you go through emergencies like this.

and i would expect that as far as i'm aware, assuming that the supplemental is acted upon expeditiously, there'll be no programmatic impact anywhere in the world. >> can you give us a ballpark dollar figure on the supplemental request -- >> no. >> -- as it's now being evaluated? >> no. go ahead. >> still on haiti. can you give us sort of a 30- day rundown of where the facts and figures stand, how many haitian orphans have been brought to the u.s., how many still are in the pipeline, how many americans are now known to have been killed, still missing? >> some of that. i think that thus far, in terms of as the ambassador said, we've had roughly more than 15,000 americans evacuated from haiti. i think overall, we have been able to account for more than 23,000 americans in haiti. we have thus far opened files on roughly 2,200 americans for

which we have not yet been able to fully account for their situation. so there is some work that is our staff in haiti is still going through those kinds of details. i don't have a current figure on orphans. the last figure i had was more than 700, but i don't have that with me. in terms of confirmed american fatalities, at this point, we're at 97. >> ninety-seven, did you say? >> ninety-seven. >> and how many are (inaudible)? >> that's all i have. i've got 97. >> and that's one government employee and 96 -- >> well, there were four last i checked, there were four who were official, of which that included not only the foreign service officer that we lost, but i think there was also a military officer that was lost, and then family members as well. david.

, there's some reporting out there that the north korean nuclear negotiator kim kye gwan will be coming to the united states next month. apparently, some sort of possibly as a reciprocal visit for bosworth, and also lynn pascoe's mission to north korea. he came back and he said that they seemed to be disinclined to return to the six-party talks unless the sanctions by the un are lifted. >> on your on the first issue, we have no plans for such a visit at this point. on the second, yeah i mean, we have heard from the north koreans that they recognize the importance of the six-party process. what we need now is for them to pull the trigger and actually come back to that process. >> good choice of words. >> (laughter.

) >> all right, all right. of course, that's the kind of trigger we think is appropriate to pull, as opposed to a trigger that fires something into the air that we think is destabilizing to the region. so they're hesitating, and they shouldn't. we think the obviously, resolving the situation will require them to come back to the six-party process to take the kind of steps to meet the commitments that they've made in the past. we don't see any other alternative to this. and it's unfortunate that it would appear that they continue to hesitate. >> you said there are no plans for a visit right now, but does that mean you're discussing it somehow through the new york channel? >> there's no discussion that we're having with north korea about a visit at this point. >> can you shed any light on the

circumstances of when secretary clinton was informed about circumstances of when secretary clinton was informed about the hospitalization of the former president? >> i cannot. i don't i happen not to know. it happened sometime yesterday, and obviously, last night she moved up to new york and to the hospital rather quickly. she's home right now with her husband and will be back in washington tomorrow afternoon. >> and anything vis-à-vis her decision to continue with her trip and not stay with him? >> well, i mean, as you would expect, first and foremost, she wanted to know about the health of her husband. i'll defer to president clinton's office, but it would appear the fact that he was able to have the procedureqñ quickly, is already home and probably already back at work (laughter) would tell you that i think she is confident enough that she can go on this trip as originally planned, with just kind of squeezing the travel time. yes. >> what's your assessment about iran's nuclear program, iran's

nuclear program or nuclear capability? >> mm-hmm. >> yeah. >> and the question? >> yeah. what's your assessment? >> well, i think in terms of a formal assessment, we'd defer to the iaea. $ñé-iran p jw(hr' con$i with iaea inspectors and tried to advise them on what they are trying to do. we believe that any step to further enrich uranium to 20 percent is a violation of their obligations under the under a number of un security council resolutions, and we think that they should come back and constructively engage in a process where we can would help them provide whatever their needs are within a civilian nuclear program while reassuring the international community about their intentions regarding their overall nuclear ambitions. but these ongoing statements and

ongoing actions are counterproductive and they really call intoçó question whether iranian claims that their intentions are peaceful are, in fact, true. david. >> there's some reporting about yesterday's events in iran analysts, i guess you might say, conclude that the protest movement may be kind of fizzling out, given what happened yesterday. i was just wondering whether you had a take on it. >> well, i'm not sure it's fizzled out. i think what you saw yesterday was draconian steps by the iranian government to suppress the people of iran and their ability to assemble freely and to voice their concerns about their own government and its actions. we think these are universal rights and we think that it's important for the iranian people to continue to have the ability to communicate, to network, to use technology to

hold their government to account. and ultimately, the government any government has to serve the needs of its people and the interests of its people. we think the ongoing demonstrations show that the iranian people have serious questions about their government and whether it, in fact, is acting in their own self- interest as opposed to in terms of a narrow self-interest. david. >> can you discuss the nature of the iran discussions the secretary intends to have with her gulf -- >> i think we intend to have a range of discussions with officials in her stops in qatar and in saudi arabia, not only with high-level officials from those countries, but she'll have the chance during the islamic world forum to talk to other leaders. i know she'll have a bilateral with the prime minister of

turkey as part of this. so middle east peace will be an issue that will be discussed, iran certainly will be an issue that is discussed, other important regional considerations. i think we'll have the meeting first and then we'll tell you about it. >> on the middle east peace, what does she expect from the saudis to advance the peace process? >> well, she'll meet with king abdullah in saudi arabia. and of course, he is the author of the arab peace initiative, and we think that is an important foundation upon which we can continue to advance towards comprehensive peace in the middle east. so i'm sure that she will follow up on discussions that she's had recently with the foreign

minister on how to use the arab peace initiative to be able to work with the parties and see what progress we can make. >> are the saudis expected to encourage the palestinians to take part in these indirect talks? >> well, we will, i'm sure as we have said to the parties directly, we think that now is the time for them to enter into formal negotiations. the issues that continue to crop up can only be resolved through formal negotiations. that's our view. that's the view of many countries in the middle east. so part of our discussion will be how we push, prod, cajole the parties into that negotiation through which we think we can ultimately arrive at a satisfactory peace agreement. >> just one more. sorry. ambassador mitchell wasn't he supposed to go to saudi arabia on the 6th of february, or last week at any rate? >> i don't know. i'll take the question as to where -- >> and why didn't he go? >> where well -- >> if he didn't -- >> it could well be that some white stuff had some impact on

that. but we'll take the question on what george mitchell's schedule right now is. >> thank you. >> thank you. but house speaker nancy pelosi led a delegation of lawmakers to haiti today, looking a reconstruction effort. the group was scheduled to meet with haitian president preval and other leaders. the delegation includes john conyers, james oberstar, sheila jackson lee, and on a cushion to them. from the senate, george lemieux, tom harkin, and in the klobuchar. they returned to the u.s. tonight.

>> up next on c-span, a world economic forum discussion on the impact of future of global energy needs. after that, david cameron n.a. #others discuss the impact of government financial assistance for banks. thad allen on haiti relief. tomorrow on "washington journal" the private security fun details pakistan's war and fighting the role and afghanistan. douglas wilder discusses his recent -- where he calls on president obama to make changes to his and visors and for the removal of democratic national committee chair tim kaine. neil munro talks about his

recent article on progressesxr reshaping biomedical technologies. "washington journal" live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> and discussion on the global energy outlook with the president and numerous oil companies around the world. this was held in davos switzerland last month. it is about an hour. ño'lp>> good morning, everybody. i want to welcome you to the discussao)hjz the global energy output. our topic is energy security, subject that has been great constant and changes as circumstances change. this is a subject we will explore this morning.

at the same time, it continued in context. we will talk about the impact of the turbulence in the global economy, the recession, and the recovery and what that means for energy security and also what it means in terms of the energy outlook and how it has been changed. to address these questions this morning, we have a very distinguished panel, tony hayward, chief executive of bp, the president and ceo of saudi oil aramco, the chief executive officer of royal dutch. and thetx chairman of to tell. -- total.e it went to dive into it. i will ask some questions that each of our panelists to getting started. then i expect the discussions

will carry itself. i would like to begin with the president. alan ask you come to the term "energy security." what does that mean from the viewpoint of your country as to the of the global energy system? >> i would like to say that most important for us is diversification. it is important to provide the balance between producers and consumers so that we can have a sustainable and long-term energy cooperation and. if it is destructive, it may create certain problems.

another issue that is an important to us is fair market price. per two for gas. ande parties to the science contract. i thinkw3 this elemeñ#joez the packet can provideti much more confidence for producers and consumers with respect to energy security inwoy for the first dictator so as your existence as an independent nation, and the focus was on oil. the spotlight looking out 510 years from now, what would you see in turns of badger bonn role in the global market? >> i think the role -- it will

allow it to conform to one of the major gas exporters. the minimum prove them guest are more than 6 billion. that will be enough for us and for our experts. reliable and a long-term market for our guests. cn@that system can transport on today's level of production. they are planning to increase gas production. to do that, we need a bigger

capacity on the pipeline. new developments and a pipeline infrastructure, we need to have a clear understanding of who our consumers are, what is the market to relation, is the market reliable and long-term for us? after all these issues are in place, i am sureok azerbaijan wl use the potential as we did with oil development. >> i guess the customers are coming in? >> yes, we have customers around us. we are now transporting international guest to all the neighboring countries. despite the fact that some of the countries produce much more gas than we do. our target is to continue qññidiversification to find new ikmarkets, part to the early markets in europe.

with a european consumers are always looking for diversification from news sources of gas supply, particulate gas from a zerbiajan can be the only new gas source. >> thank you. >> tony hayward, how has the global recession change the energy outlook and also change what bp is doing? >> i think if you sit back, the answer is not much. if you the that the next couple of decades, the time frame the industry operates on, the demand projections are no different than what they were a year or 80 months ago. energy demand for the world is projected to increase by around 40% over the next 20 years. all of it is in the developing world. xd8ññri think the challenge thed

faces is, how do we provide that available in the right is done, secure to adjust the mismatch between where energy is produced and consumed, it is a portable -- affordable, and sustainable? i think the big point is that even in the most#od aggressive climate change policy regulations conceived, the concentration of co2 250 parts per million, hydrocarbons will represent around 80% of the energy mix. i think the simple answer is that not much has changed. as far as what we should be doing, i think an international oil company should focus on that. on my perspective, that is three things. the first one is to drive efficiencies for the industry,

which is about using technology and know-how and capability and prevent years of capital allocations. to ensure supplies turn up as cheaply as possible. the second one is to continue to press the frontiers of the industry to give access to new supplies for the world. that is drilling wells to 10 kilometers into the gulf of mexico. it is beginning to explore under the ice in the arctic. it is developing the difficult challenge in reservoirs' of the world. i suppose the third thing that i think is important is to begin to develop that the right place alternatives for more sustainable energy and we are focused on biofuels, wind, and solar.

the thing about that is that we can do those things. the challenges, how do we do those things at scale? >> given as you say the long- term nature of energy that 20 years from now we will probably be 80% hydrocarbon, we have seen some changes in demand, particularly for quayle. -- oil. maybe you will say world about how you see the shift in demand. >> the obvious thing is that in the mature markets of europe and asia, demand for oil products is now in a structural decline. none of us will sell more gasoline than we sold in 2007. however, that is of being upset by strong right-wing demands and the markets of the east, particularly china where last

year 30 million cars were sold in china and the demand there continues to rise the challenge is how to actually meet this growing demand for oil and to keep the lid on prices. >> it was a psychological shock for the united states to discover it is now the second- largest auto market in the world. china is way ahead of it. that gets us to the overall supply. let me ask you to adjust energy security from the viewpoint of a company that invests tens and tens of billions of dollars in terms of maintaining and developing new supplies. how do you get the definition in meaning of energy security?

>> thank you. good morning. i would like to first of all -- we see the long term energy outlook. we see long term energy demand rising in dublin by the year 2016. we still it is still providing their share of that energy within the country. petroleum will continue to provide energy for the mobility sector of the economy, whether it is transports or still the predominant for the next few decades despite the success in introducing renewable energies.

it will be slow. petroleum will have to provide. we feel that the whole issue that came and created a lot of concern about oil is behind us. the technical facts have been brought to the surface. issue a peak oil has been pushed behind. it did contribute to the volatility of rise in prices. our energy is a capital intensive energy. it is a long-term investment energy. decisions that we make today will be there in terms of reliable supplies to the consumer anywhere between seven

and 10 years. it can be longer. majd to take place. there is a very strong linkage between the securities of supply that consumers are asking for and rightly deserve. -- and the reverse, which the security of demand that we the producers of energy need to also ensure. n of the stab, there is plenty of spare capacity and demand+f that inevitably happen in a complex, whether it is natural disasters or complex.

it is known is that they have played a major role -- the major role in providing that element of security and petroleum market. with kennedy spare capacity. that is a very expensive capital investment to make. we will keep that cushion to bring to the market when it is needed. today, it is over 4 million. we have observed some of our production to adjust this. we are comfortable keeping that. we believe in the long term the capacity will be used. no

stability and the overall market. response ability and manage it of these resources the management of these resources that th arabia. )5f-6last year, despite the[r recession, we maintained our investment regime. 'cwe brough close to 2 million gallons to capacity, including some of the largest overgrowth. we brought it on schedule. that remains today. from our perspective, we do not see the reciprocal insurance from consumers in terms of

giving us long-term signals that we need. it is a commitment to energy supply. cvh;ethere is much of the mov7 away from this5a8#f into indepe for various nations in energy. that is unachievable. in many'cy ways, it is misleadig to the public. instead, we feel energy security should be addressed in the framework of interdependence, which i referred to when i talked about an intertwined relationship between suppliers and consumers. that needs to be a knowledge as well. we will be relying on fossil fuel and petroleum for a long time. one last word on another element

of security, which is another element. cont this. long-term security of living standards through the environmental impact of the fossil fuels that we will be producing, and i believe that energy industry as well as other stakeholders, including governments through incentives and correcting some of the stimulus packages to spending, need to focus on efficiency and clearing the hydrocarbons that we will be consuming and burning. we on our part are focusing on we on our part are focusing on that in our investment strategy, i believe that all stakeholders, including energy industry and other academic research institutions and governments, need to join in this as a collective measure. >> are the signals from either the marketplace or the signals, as you say, from the consumers

affecting your own investment decisions as you look out over the next 10 years? >> as i mentioned, for now, we of course on the upstream are sitting -- one-third of our capacity is idle but it is idled and ready to come on stream on a very short notice. so today, our investment for the foreseeable future is to replace decline and depletion of our existing capacity. long term, if we see that the demand supply balance is calling on us to add capacity, we will certainly consider it. we're also investing heavily in other parts of the value chain. one element of energy supply, a

lack of reliability over the last year's -- few years was not necessarily in the upstream sector, but we had bottlenecks in the refining sector, in the supply infrastructure, and we in saudi aramco, despite the poor profitability in refining today, are investing heavily in refining with investing in the most modern fleet of double hulled tankers to get our crude reliably and responsibly to the market that needs it. we are spending money on pipelines and terminals to make sure that people understand that the largest supplier of petroleum energy is committed in the long term not only to provide the btu's and the molecules of hydrocarbons, but to provide them to the market in a reliable and environmentally responsible way. >> thank you. peter voser, energy security

implies stability in investment. turbulent times in the economy imply or lead to instability in investment. what impact do you see that this turmoil has had on the longer- term investment horizons of the industry and what it is doing and how you are dealing with those questions at shall -- shell? >> yes, thank you. good morning everybody. this is absolutely the key question. what the industry has to deliver in the long-term is we have to increase the energy supply and we heard some numbers from tony. most probably therg we have to deliver energy to more than 9 billion people over the next few decades at a much lower cost to the environment. this is an extremely challenging but also a very interesting proposition for the energy industry.

so absolutely key is to keep investing throughout the cycle. despite the fact we have a recession around us, the bigger international oil companies have kept actually steady on the investment side. at shell, for example, in 2009, we had the pap -- highest capital investment budget ever in our history which was $32 billion and from the ioc side it was the highest budget. we will continue that in 2010. if we do not push this in a few years' time, as demand comes back, despite the fact i am happy to hear the barrel's you have put aside for the future, the world will start to see a supply demand imbalance, and i think we have clearly seen that at shell and we're keeping investing. >the second point is clearly

also, we need to keep going on innovation and technology investments, and this is driven toward more energy efficiency. this is driven by the fact that we need a lower carbon world, so this is about fuel standards, this is about reducing co2 which tony mentioned also, for example, through carbon capture and sequestration but it is working on alternative energies including some renewable. let me also bring some realism into the discussion here which i miss a lot when i travel around the world. i have the feeling that from time to time, everyone thinks we can put the light switch from not on to on and tomorrow the issue will be solved. historically, we know that to gain 1% global market share in the energy industry, you need on average 25 to 30 years from the moment you start to do the development into commercial

development and then into consumer development, so we should also be realistic about that and actually work on both sides. we need the investments in the oil and gas industry on our fossil fuel side, while at the same time we need to bridge into a lower carbon world including actually biofuels and grenoble's and so on. so i think what we're looking for at shell is to get a more balanced discussion so we can work on both and for that, we need technology and innovation. let me say a few words about gas. i think gas is underestimated what it could do to the world over the next 10 to 20 years, so this is now rather short term in an industry which works 30 to 50 years. we have seen over the last few years that there is plenty of gas. we have heard from the president as well. we have an energy source which

is from a.c.l. to point of view much better than some of the other fossil fuels which we're using like coal. that is where we should focus, getting the gas much more the agenda -- up more the agenda and getting it into the markets for reasonable prices for the consumers and prices for government and for ioc's we can make money. >> energy security, when it became a big issue, the world was divided into producers and consumers. is that still useful concept, or is a blurred -- it blurred? >> the world needs energy and it is up to the producers and consumers, including the ioc's

to deliver an energy mix which long term gives us a sustained energy delivery at an affordable price and at the cost to the environment which is acceptable. i see in the future a much closer collaboration between the various stakeholders including the parents to drive this agenda forward. i see on the iecd side but also in the developing countries at this stage quite clearly, let's say, a willingness to engage in that process much more in order to reduce volatility in the future. i think we have seen what volatility can do to the economy like, for example, in two dozen a, and we think -- i think we need more stability into that and this is about pricing and volume and delivery and it is clear that this needs

collaboration from all sides. >> let me turn to a consumer. dow chemical is one of the largest consumers of energy in the world and the largest industrial consumer in the united states. andrew liveris, what does energy security mean to you and what does energy insecurity due to your business? >> thank you, dan. i am very privileged to be amongst this esteemed panel and a representative of a consumer which of course, as you have said, we are -- we are approximately for all types of consumers clearly and industrial consumers. the comments that have been said i will not repeat but energy security does not mean energy independence but that is totally a myth. energy security is interdependent and four company like ours, it is deeply rooted in the notion that we add value to energy for all humanity in a variety of different products. what has happened in the last

five or six years and we firmly believe that 2009 was an aberration, a great recession. if you think that is the data point on the curve, we're all mistaken. the tech talk -- tectonic shift happened in this last decade is indicative of the one in the early 1970's and early 1980's which was supplied driven. this is -- this one that has just happened to is a demand shift with the rise of the east and china and the industrial base of china, the energy intensity of that economy all they -- albeit did try to get better. india, elsewhere, the emerging world is treating a new demand cycle which has brought supply and demand a lot closer which has raised the price points of input. we purchased 1 million barrels a day equivalent of oil and gas. that is a billion dollars in 2002. in 2008 that number was $32

billion. the price point changed clearly. four times. i do not say that lightly. that is a huge increase of all the prices of my products in essence, if i could raise the prices of the products. what hurts people like us and out there in general and what we need a different approach to energy security is the word peter used, volatility. before 2001 and two dozen to, we could count on fossil fuels and certain trajectories on the price points based on a production that was available around the world then and with no china consuming like they were consuming, those were predictable price points and so, therefore, what you saw as value add to energy was a predictable thing, and clearly, there was volatility but you could financially hedge it. if 90% is a physical hedge and 10% is a financial hedge, you can cope with that.

when $32 billion is your number and volatility has quadrupled in terms of price points and volatility between 2002 and to the snake, you have all the day you want. you could get a 10% aberration in a month, in a week on gas or oil, and when you got that operation-- aberration, people who have read trajectory for investment suddenly stop. in the trajectory and had to do that? energy security needs a comprehensive approach and we have been saying this and every panel we have been on. it is all of the above. it is responsible fossil fuel development because fossil fuels will be here for as far as we can see. so responsible, and are mentally sound fossil fuel development at the new cost curves and the deep sea and all the things these guys have innovated with is necessary. the president's new fines are necessary. we need to go everywhere and be responsible. this is a big part of an energy

plan. you need a menu of options. as a consumer you now have to have physical hedges said another way. all the alternatives need to come onto the table. alternatives that make sense. what are those? we're still innovating. we need to innovate. just like jfk said, put a man on the moon in the early 1960's, how were we going to do that? no one knew. science responded to the challenge and we're seeing that. innovation at all the things you're hearing about, not just the developed world, china is one of the largest developers of solar. physical hedges are necessary. how do you do that? if you do not know your price points? you need some degree of predictability. try some -- price on carbon and co2 is a necessary thing. it cannot have that uncertainty on top of the other uncertainty which is demand and consumption. which is demand and consumption.

the third bucket is the low hanging fruit. a thicker the '70s and early '80s coming year in japan and other nations responded with the national standards on energy efficiency. when the average u.s.xd home has to put 5 miles of cracks in it, every u.s. home every day because air that can fill two goodyear blimps. this is a national tragedy in the u.s.. fuel standards in vehicles, yes. do we need standards/ yes. the company has quick paybacks for a generation. there are tools and technologies the already have on efficiency. the fee for your mind set to run national goals of efficiency, and i thinkñr the u.s. is the oe that has not done it yet but is starting to. last night i spoke about that.

i applaud that. we have to get all three right, we did we have to get all three right. alternatives and putting innovation to work and energy efficiency standards. those three things and a comprehensive approach. >> price on carbon, do you have a view? would you see it as a carbon tax or cap and trade? >> my colleagues will disagree but we're public with the fact we need a market price and carbon that changes behavior and a carbon tax just gets passed on and gets passed on and will not change behavior because you can pass it on. so you do need a price on karpin, you need an intelligent way to do it. i am not for a cap and trade where the financial speculators make all the money. i understand that point. we need a way for industrial and every consumer to not see it as another way to get taxed. you need to reward big givers. pre-war behavior is now? by deploying some of this money against the development of these technologies.

>> thierry desmarest, whether international oil companies or super majors, what ever you call them. what is their role in terms of energy security? >> they are in a central position. when you look at -- to the share of the oil production which is made by the international oil companies, it is only something like 15% or 16%. if you look to the share of investments in exploration and production activities, it is more like 20%, 22%, so you have coming from the international oil companies a contribution to the necessary effort of investment, and i would say that the ioc's are taking care of the most challenging project.

it is not because they have a masochistic approach, but i would say thafor the resources which are relatively easy to develop, the countries who on these reserves do not generally feel that it is really necessary to bring ioc, so we have to consider that we must be the specialist of challenging projects in all areas. >> so, as a specialist of challenging projects, an interesting phrase, do you see with the uncertainty about price, uncertainty about regulation, uncertainty about carbon, our risk of a kind of wait and see attitude on the part of the industry, either imposed upon them more driven by the dynamics of their own situation? >> no, i do not think so.

because it is linked to your question, i think we are -- no one has mentioned the fact that the financial crisis, as a consequence that the oil demand has been reduced in that last two years by 3%, why do -- we were expecting before the crisis demand to grow by a bit more than 1% per year, so in fact, as most investments have been done as if the crisis has not taken place in the exploration and production activities, if we come back to the concept of peak oil, it pushes the peak oil a bit further, the financial crisis. it may look paradoxical but that is the fact. i do not think that the oil companies will wait for

international oil companies, that is clear. the companies have kept their e & p, capital spending unchanged at the last year. the announce the same figures for next year. elsewhere there have been some reductions but i would say it is not dramatic. concerning the capacity of the industry, all oil companies included to meet demand for the long term i would say the problem of peak oil remains. we have always been relatively prudent in our assessment of a peak oil date in total between, i would say the international

energy agency which was extremely optimistic a few years ago, a bit less today, and so cold experts who were announcing the coil has taken place. in our opinion, it will be difficult to raise the oil production worldwide above 95 million barrels per day, which is something like 10% above today's levels, so it is not enormous. it is not that we lack reserves, there is plenty of oil to be produced, but a lot of it is difficult to be produced. huge resources like the athabascan oil sands, when you look to the new flow of the last two or three years, you have seen a lot of postponements of projects. not that much because of lack of affordability of project but also with environmental concerns.

then, the next example among others, so i think we must keep in mind the fact that in a few years from now, the market may be in relatively difficult position and the energy security concerning oil because i think for gas we certainly have more time, will be a big problem. >> thank you. we have been talking about volatility and what it does to companies. maybe share work with us, you are responsible for country, what volatility does for you and a country and how, when you have a sudden upsurge in revenues and then down movements, how do you manage to deal with thestability

and those issues? >> the reforms we conducted in our country allowed us to create a stable economy and a diversified economy. less than 20 years ago, azerbaijan was part of the soviet union and we had 0% in the area economy, a market economy segment. today a market economy is 85% in gdp. we use the wealth which was generated from oil and gas to invest in non-energy sectors and invest in production. primarily, we managed to overcome the difficulties of the crisis and the changes in oil price with minimal losses. i can give you several figures which clearly will illustrate what happened in azerbaijan in

2009. gdp growth was 9.3%, industrial production growth was 8.6%, inflation rate was only 1.5%. in 2009, despite all the dramatic drops of oil prices, our sovereign oil fund accumulated more resources, and these figures clearly show that our economy can tolerate such kind of unexpected development. of course, we also suffered from economic crisis and managed to mobilize all our resources. i can also tell you that one of the important elements in 2009 was on like many countries in our region, our national currency did not lose value, it was stable, so that was a big

support with respect to the social protection of the people. and today's level of oil price i think is acceptable for companies, for consumers, and for the countries. this level of price allows us to invest more, to find more oil and gas. at the same time, it is also acceptable for consumers because the balance of interests, which i was referring to in my previous comments, is observed now. i hope that in 2010 we will implement all the major projects which we have in mind. i can tell you in 2009, investments in azerbaijan in total were close to $10 billion which for our economy is a huge amount, and in the future i think that already balanced oil price will allow us to continue to develop. by the way, during the last six years, azerbaijan's economy was

the fastest-growing economy in the world and total growth the economy in six years was 300%. so of course in the coming years, we will not enjoy the same speed but what we have already achieved, accumulated, and managed to redirect from oil into non-oil sector whill allow us to continue to develop successfully. >> thank you. iraq is a subject for three of the ioc's on this panel and with different perspectives. what are each of you doing or not doing there and what kind of expectations do you have in terms of timing and what is going to happen. tony? >> we are i think cautiously optimistic about the potential that iraq can play in providing

a very big and important new source of supply to the global oil markets. bp is involved in a major contract to redevelop an existing field that in fact bp found back in 1953, as it turns out. the field this today producing 1 million barrels a day and we have a plan to take it to three over the next 10 years or so. i think if all of us who are now participating there are reasonably successful in developing on the commitments that we have made, then it is quite likely that we will see iraq increase its production to perhaps around 10 million barrels a day within about 10 years. i think it will not be faster than that alalthough if you addd up the contractual commitments,

you may draw that conclusion. the realities of the challenges of execution on the ground and the need to build capability will mean that things will happen a little slower than all of us are perhaps planning on today. i think the reality is, absent any unforeseen political events which you cannot rule out entirely, then undoubtedly the resources there, it is a relatively easy resource to bring on stream, and there is no reason to believe that iraq cannot be producing 10 million barrels a day within 10 years by 2020 or so. that i think is an important contribution which is back to the debate about, you know, where is the new source of supply going to come from and what is the nature of the challenge. the will think about this is if you assume the world needs 100 million barrels a day in 2030 and thierry and i will debate

whether it is 95 or 100 but if you build it, it does not sound very much. we have been producing '83 or '84, khalid is sitting on four or 5 million barrels a day capacity. if you build that decline into the forward projection, the that is 50 million barrels. 50 million barrels a day. the industry has to bring on stream in the next two decades four times what saudi arabia is producing today. that is the way i think about this supply challenge we're faced with. i believe the resources are there to do it. it needs the investment, the fiscal framework, the regulatory framework, and the partnership between governments, ioc's and national oil companies to ensure the supply terms of. it is improperlentirely possibld

we have the right framework within we can conduct the activity. >> you have a large commitment living. >> we have -- are in two fields in iraq. i think not much to addo@@@@@@@s tonia describes. this is, roughly according to official estimates, we will need $27 trillion to get to the point where tony described.

that is just about an enormous factor and more than what the world has just spent to actually bail out the banks and put stimulus into the market. so this money needs to be earned. we talked about volatility so iraq can actually bring hopefully some stability to that but it needs to be developed and we need to earn the money so we can finance this $27 trillion over the next 20 years. >> thierry, how does iraq -- as a look different? >> i agree that iraq will play a key role in the equilibrium of the market in the coming years. in terms of corporate policy, we have a very consistent policy of minimum return that we want to have four projects. we have seen a lot of excitement of the industry on these projects. we have a bit less enthusiastic

because we think that our priority is to bring a return to our shoulders in line with their expectations so we have taken just a minority position on the project, but we're not particularly concerned because there plenty of other projects in the world which will give us are expected terms. >>-- our expected terms. >> khalid, you are about 10 million barrels a day, give or take. what do you think of this? >> we feel and have felt especially in the last few years, a lot of pressure being placed on saudi arabia to respond to all of the growth projected in demand at one point of time, iea and others were

using saudia arabia as a plug in at the end of the imbalance between supply and demand and they showed us producing 24 or 25 million barrels at some time in the future and that raised a lot of concern. we no longer have that concern -- have the kind of pressure. we welcome the opportunities in iraq for iraq to produce more and to better its people and economy. we will still be called to produce at least as much as we have been producing, if not more, and we're ready to do it. i would advise tony, when he is calculating the decline and what the industry has to do to take our 12 million out of the formula, because i assure him we are going to take care of that, it is not -- >> yours is built in. >> we have a long list of projects in our portfolio that will do more than offset oil

declined. i say that just reassuring anybody who is listening and concerned about decline and ability of industry. i would also respond to thierry and said the industry as a whole has been amazingly capable of tackling complex chargechallengn terms of not only the technology we have been able to develop and deploy, but also integrating many disciplines, mobilizing huge amounts of capital and bringing these complex projects from complex reservoirs' all the way to birder to upset the consumers in a very responsible way, so the four trillion of oil that the planet has been endowed with, only one has been produced. plenty of resources out there. granted, most of what remains is

a lot more difficult and complex than what has already been produced, but i am a believer in our industry, and going back to what peter and andrew said about innovation, technology, and the capability of the talented people we have in our industry, i have no doubt that we will be able to do a lot more than 95 or 100 that are projected in the next few decades. but long term, it is a deployable resource, and long term, we will have to get off fossil fuels and everybody needs to responsibly work on this month, a gradual transition, but we are responsible also to communicate that it is going to take decades and not years. one point i want to respond to if i may, to the issue that oofe

that enter talked to when he mentioned his cost of feed stocks crippling in matters of years. it is a fact that our costs have went up in multiples. we have within saudi arabia for compare both projects seen that the cost of developing a barrel of oil capacity between the early part of this decade and last year went up by a factor of six to seven, all on shore increments producing relatively easy oil to produce. so even the cost of conventional easy oil, if you want to call that, is going up. the cost of production, operating costs, are also going up, and that is reflected, and oil price escalation that we saw in 2008 is very bad for consumers, and it is bad for producers because it causes a lot of disruptions in the market

but, ironically, it is also the lower end of the price range is even more destructive and we have seen the impact of the industry and many smaller independents but we have also seen the best impact of lower prices on producers of alternative energies and renewals and unfortunately, many of them went out of business in 2009 when will lead to $35. so i think we have to be realistic. we have to aim, we cannot fix prices, market will but hopefully cure responsible of oil investments and communication we can import price range that will keep investing, keep consumers able to live their lives and produce their product without too much volatility that is very disruptive. >> mrs. a question for peter, tony, and thierry.

unconventional natural gas, a big deal, very big deal, just a north american phenomenon, a global phenomenon? >> big deal and necessary. >> north american or global? >> global. >> a complete game changer in the u.s., certainly. transform the u.s.'s energy outlook for probably 100 years and yet to be seen whether the same phenomena can be applied globally. >> i think first, it is good news. this being said, there may be a few difficulties linked with environmental problems which can slow a bit the pace of growth of production in the u.s. and there will be opportunities elsewhere but not everywhere. . .

grave sites? guest: it is a wonderful way to humanize and personalize the past. to take even this and movements that otherwise might seem impossibly remote. there is something universal about the fact that we're all

going to one day be on our deathbed. we are all going to face growing old. we all have to wrestle with questions of immortality and mortality. i mean, those are some of the themes that run through all of this. but it is also, frankly, and entertaining book. there are a lot of stories and anecdotes and , sunday night on c-span

q&a. >> now, an update on relief efforts in haiti. following the ambassador's remarks, we'll show you the regular briefing by assistant secretary philip crowley. this is about 50 minutes. >> we are back in business. it looks like it's still a snow day. >> you are more than two hours late. good afternoon, and welcome to the department of state. for those of you in the viewing area that wonder where we have been for the past week, obviously we in washington, d.c

have been experiencing an unusual amount of snow. we have all been home shoveling and doing other things just to survive snowmageddon here in washington d.c.. we have had intrepid members of the press corps here with us and have been able to try to continue business under arduous circumstances relative to washington, d.c. we are back in business and pleased to see many of you back in the briefing room. we are one month beyond the haiti earthquake, and we thought it was a wonderful opportunity having ambassador ken martin here in washington to give you a sense of what is happening in haiti and how haiti has been

able to begin to recover from the devastating earthquake of a month ago. haiti is now experiencing a 3 day period of national mourning. we stand with haiti as it goes through this time frame, but it would be a wonderful opportunity for our ambassador to give you a briefing and a sense of where we are 30 days on. thank you for joining us. >> my pleasure. some of you i have seen down in haiti. i thought it might be useful for you all to get the big picture of where i see our efforts one month after the earthquake. i will give you a chance to ask some questions. i would like to start out by

giving a brief plug to my colleagues at the embassy. those of us here from the united states can be proud of our american diplomats, aid %@@ r"@ : us as well, but i am very proud of everyone in the u.s.

government who is down there doing fantastic work in terms of getting aid and relief to haiti. one month on, where are we? we are in a very good place in terms of food distribution and water distribution and getting medicines out to needy hospitals. working with our international partners, we have been able to routinize distribution. we are giving people two weeks rations of food, things they like to eat, rice, beans, that sort of thing. that is an improvement in terms of the haitian perception of our effort. obviously we face ongoing challenges. the next issue we are most concerned about this sanitation

and shelter issues. i am sure you heard people talk about that we are coming up in a couple of weeks on the rainy season. we want to do the best we can to reach and touch as many people as possible, as many families as possible with plastic sheeting, which is what we are distributing. they can take that sheeting and put it where they are currently staying, or take it to where they all the billick plan on moving permanently and use it as construction material. sanitation issues, there are many people who are not in houses who are in these temporary camps and various open spaces around port-au-prince, whether it be soccer stadium or

many other places. we are working to provide those people with sanitation, latrine facilities, portable toilets were appropriate. we are not where we want to be with that yet, but it is an ongoing effort. we are working day and night to get those facilities as good as they possibly can be for the haitians who have been displaced from their houses. again, in terms of international cooperation, i have been very pleased with the cooperation on the ground, not only injured agency but with -- not only interagency but with our international partners. both the civilian and military, in terms of humanitarian aid

delivery, we are working very closely with many other big donors including french, canadians, eu, and many others. frankly, it is working really well, and this is something people will be able to look back on in the future as a model for how we have been able to sort ourselves out as donors on the ground in responding to the earthquake. . .

. >> he is very popular in haiti. i am sure that all haitians would join me in wishing him a speedy recovery. beyond that, there is not much more about when to say and that issue. it would be pure speculation. >> there was support and the "miami herald" yesterday that the u.s. had given the haitian government a draft plan to look at to talk about the reconstruction authority. could you describe what is envisioned or laid out?

>> de president obama as? -- president obama has asked us to be as productive as possible. we are trying to do that. there are other donors that have shared thoughts. in terms of the specifics, there i]are ongoing conversations. at this point, i am not sure i want to characterize it more than that because i would be behind the curve not been there since monday. it will ultimately be the haitians to decide about what they want to do in terms of their reconstruction effort and any sort of architecture. it will be their decision. >> we had a report that said a key tend the americans were

using for evacuation processing is being brought down to is that an indication of the evacuation effort winding down? >> what i know is the numbers of americans being evacuate it has gone down in recent days. i would note that up untilw3 no, as of tuesday, we have evacuated over 15,000 americans from haiti which is the record since i]the 11 non evacuation of 2006. that is aç lot people. i did not know about the status of the tent. our operation in country has been able to go back toç providing other services for americans who are there such as passports and notarizing documents and lost property and so forth.

because that demand for evacuation has tapered off. i do not know the specifics on the 10th but that is the situation on the ground. >> this issue was raised walking into the room. i wanted to ask you about the discussions regarding the pan american citizens who were initially charged. could you be crystal clear with us about the nature of the discussion the u.s. government had with the haitian government about their fate? did the u.s. government ever make any sort of requests that they be released? were there any details about the facts of their cases and the circumstances surrounding their arrests? could you walk us through that if you would? >> sure. as i understand it, this group of 10 citizens had been arrested

by haitian authorities. to the best of my knowledge the incarceration has been done according to haitian law. we have had the approval level of consular access of people to determine that they are being fed and kept safe and they're getting their medicines. beyond that, we have told the haitian government that if they want to have any conversations with us about these people and the situation we are open to that. beyond that, the process is working its way to the haitian courts. i am not sure there is much else to tell quite frankly. >> to the haitian government express a desire to talk to the

u.s. government about their cases? >> a desire to talk about it? i would not characterize it as a desire. we told them that if there were at the point where they want to have the discussion, we would be happy to talk with them. >> there has been no such discussion? >> not with me. >> from where you stand, as the case of the 10 americans become a distraction of the overwhelming needs of the haitian people? >> i would not call it a distraction. to those 10 individuals and their families and loved ones, it is not a distraction. it is an issue of high importance to them as it should be. we would ask people to remember that there are up to 1.5 million haitians and the port-au-prince area that are out of their

houses and are homeless and desperate for humanitarian and medical care. i would not characterize this as a distraction but we have to realize there is a large humanitarian issue, as well. >> what is on the status of the americans right now? >> i do not no on that last question as to where they are right now. to the best of my knowledge, and i have been out of haiti since monday, my understanding is that they are still in jail where they had been kept. they're getting food and so forth. >> if there are in fact released, will yourç staff take

custody of them? >> i am not a consular specialist. typically, we monitor cases of americans who are incarcerated and presumably if they need assistance in getting out of the country, we could provide that with them. beyond that, i would ask you to check with the consular perot to make sure what we are permitted to do. i do not want to mislead you. >> about 49,000 tons were to look third. those deliveries have not stopped. why not focus on tents? >> i am not sure those numbers are right. the reason for delivering plastic sheeting is several. as i understand, the sheeting is

more effective in protecting people from brain. secondly, tents are good for one thing, sleeping. the plastic sheeting can be used as building material. as people are currently at temporary locations, they can use blocks or sticks to put up the tents. there are various ways you could use the shooting. the plastic sheets can be used in a temporary location and when they move, they can take the sheeting and can use it as part of the new house. it serves to faces. -- it serves two phases. if you are talking about the

larger tense with six people, most people would agree that you cannot have the privacy and dignity that you should have in your own self constructed shelter. that is another advantage to that families can be amongst themselves. you can sit, stand, cook. it is my understanding that it is better protecting from the rain given the thickness of the plastic. >> after they are delivered, what is the next step as far as helping with houses and rebuilding? >> as i understand it, we are in the process of delivering sheets. we hope to use a local labor to continue to cut the sheets to appropriate sizes that people can use. it is going to take a number of weeks to get this out to everybody that needs it.

i remind you that we are not the only people on the ground doing this. others are providing this kind of assistance. it is something@@@@r$#@ @ >n,d@ that will be a determination that the need to be made by the haitian government. there are people who built on

areas that are likely to flood. in previous rainey seasons, there has been loss of life. if i were the haitian government, i would want to discourage people from rebuilding and those locations. those would be the next steps with the haitian government can determine that rubble has been cleared from the section of town and you can go back and build here. that is how i imagine it moving forward. >> who is doing that kind of city planning? is there a ministry in haiti that did that before and they have enough staff who have survived and have the skills? >> there are several entities that do that kind of work. there is a mystery that would have a role in that. there " was largely focused on working with [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2009]

perform [captioning performed by the national captioning institute] m is tptc. they are most involved in terms of urban planning with widening streets and that sort of thing. thus far, i think the ministry of public works will have the key role in that. the president has also named three individuals, one of home is the current minister of tourism but an architect and an urban planner by training. he is involved in working through their ideas for reconstruction. there is also a man who is involved in that as well from the private sector. there is another in the ditch --

there is another individual involved. they are thinking these issues through. we have offered our assistance to them and i say be as a very broad international community that where appropriate we have resources upon which they can draw, we have been in discussions with them. i am not sure how concrete those plans are but that is an ongoing effort. >> i heard him say in the opening remarks that the response to the earthquake might be seen as a model. i realize it is only one month since it happened but i would be interested in your lessons learned and thoughts. are there things that would have been helpful to you the first

day or the first week with the second week? are there other ways this could have been handled even better? >> being completely frank with you, i have not really had a chance to sit back and think through my lessons learned list at this point. there are some things i am theory thankful that we did do. i can tell you those. those are probably too much at the micro level to be interesting. at the risk of saying that i am putting myself on the back, i will say that i think the fact that we have very good relations with all of the other international players on the ground prior to the earthquake has really helped smooth the relationship on ground with all of these new actors that have come in. all of these people from various

agencies and the u.s. government. similar to governments have had other enter agencies -- interagency cooperation. canada has had a large presence. we had a frank and open and will working mechanism for coordinating amongst ourselves prior to the earthquake which allowed us to have that continue at a larger level. that is the one taken away at this point. >> can you update us on the cash for work program? do you have any updated figures? the the people still mainly engaged in removing rubble? >> to the best of my knowledge,

it is focused on removing rubble. usaid has two separate $50 million programs which will be run over the coming months. the focus will be on providing money for people to buy food and keep themselves in clothing. also to actually help clear the rubble which is a gargantuan task. step number one is keeping the streets clear. i do not know how many of you have seen it. a lot of these roads are impassable. people are out there with sledgehammers and picks and shovels. the art dumping -- they are dumping into these big dump

trucks to clear the roads. >> the number of people that might be participating? >> at the top of my head, i cannot want to mislead you and give you a wrong number. >> a snapshot of the operations of the embassy now compared to before the earthquake? >> on the consular side, would put a huge amount of effort because the primary goal is to look after the well-being of american citizens from overseas. early on, the first two weeks, our effort was people wanted to get out with their families. we were focused on that. as time has passed, people have come in that the other from other parts of the country or for whatever reason decided to

stay. to help with the building and cleanup efforts which they feel that they made their lives there and want to stay. they may need help and replacing lost passports which is going to be a problem for everybody because many people lost all the documentation they had. some people need to prove they own property if they're going to start rebuilding the house. early on, most of our people were focused aid in any way we can. those things have taken somewhat of a step back, we're having our officers kovach to working on issues like political -- officers going back to working on the issues like the board.

on the economic side, our folks are working on things like what american carriers back and running at the airport and what support they need in that regard. the embassy management section of public affairs and we had a huge wave of press people down in country. we have had a lot of help from our colleagues on that washington who volunteered to come and work and to spell our colleagues that have been there for three weeks without a break. the management section has had a huge job keeping the embassy running. these are difficult circumstances. we are in a situation where we have many hundreds of people on

the embassy compound, many more than the place was designed for. we have things like over 100 surgery is done in our main conference room including applications -- including amputations. we are trying to get the place and to some semblance of normalcy is going to be a huge task. making sure that people can go back to their houses. those that still have them. i did not want to leave out of our colleagues in the security section as well. they have done a terrific job in terms of making sure that various neighborhoods are safe for us to go back to. frankly, enabling a lot of the search and rescue workers who came down in the immediate weeks after the earthquake to go out and do their job with a sense of security and safety. ourusaid colleagues are going to

be bearing the brunt of a lot of this. as you can imagine, a huge effort of reconstruction and rebuilding. they will be at the forefront of that. >> thank you. >> former virginia governor

douglas wilder calls for the removal of democratic national committee chair tim kaine. also national journal reporter neil monro talkeds about what he says are progresses shaping a camp opinion on items such as cloning. "washington journal" live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> c-span2's book tv weekend continues all damon with programs devoted to american presidents. >> this coming week, contemporary authors taking your phone calls, e-mails, and tweets. >> and now thad allen reviews

the role of the coast guard in haiti relief efforts. from the national press club. this lasts about an hour. nt n i c comments. i have two very different to have joined us here today. nancy and i met last august when we traveled to the north slope of alaska together to witness firsthand the implications of an ice-diminished the arctic in the summer and its impact on the indigenous populations of there and some of the environmental challenges we face. she has been a great friend and, more recently, has led a task force on ocean policy. very soon, we will be putting out an ocean policy for the country. more importantly, it will be a

beckham for marine special planning which will look at how we -- will be a background for marine special planning. [applause] my other guests and i are both from tucson, arizona. she has the unfortunate background of having gone to tucson high school and went to palo verde high school. we do not have a better friend in the department of homeland security and i did not have a better friend than her. thank you for being here. [applause] let me thank the national press club. we have changed the format of this event over the use to coincide with the national press club series.

this allows us access afforded by c-span and we think the national press club. we would like to acknowledge another guest here. we have a unit here today that responded to the initial crisis. . 6 [ [applause]] [applause]

>> when the forward arrived with the following morning sunrise, they delivered command and control capabilities, medical supplies, and most importantly, hope. hope for the haitian people and a promise that the world huh not forgotten them. air station clearwater helicopters and c-1-30's also arrived and conducted the evacuation of the first american citizens. before anyone knew how many were hurt, hundreds of haitians were thanking our people for providing life-saving safety. armed with only a limbed supply of medical equipment, they broke off tree branches to use for splints. one of tahoma's junior officers

"there were screams, wailing, ~j and crying. i knew i was walking into a bad situation, but nothing could have prepared me for what i saw at that clinic. there were countless stories of lives being saved and lives being lost." there was also a story about new life being brought into the world amidst the devastation. t into the world of its utter devastation. we thank the crew from station clearwater. would you please stand again. this officer treated over 300 critically wounded patients in one case. he spent six hours inserting 60

sutures and 20 staples into the o ur . will you please stand? [applause] .

as i deliff my final state of the coast guard express, i would be glad to address three major forces that are shaping our current and future environment. they are, of course, our budget request for fiscal year 2011. the sophisticated progress that has been made in modernizing the coast guard over the past few years, and the condition of our aging cutter fleet. these forces in combination create challenges and opportunities to ensure we optimize the resources available to us and at the same time create the conditions for future success. we need a clear understanding of

our priorities, and we'll talk about that here today. so what is the state of the coast guard? in two words -- ready and resilient. we are ready and resilient. we demonstrated that in the view of the entire world in the days following the haitian earthquake. we were there first because our command and operation structure are agile and flexible. our field commanders can act immediately. our forces are working hard to sustain current operations, maintaining cutters until our new ones are delivered. let me turn to the first four shaping our current and future operating environmenting the 2011 budget request. i have communicated openly to our personnel regarding the details and intent of our 2011 budget. as president obama remarked in the state of the uneyoon speech, we are in a constrained budget environment. he said families are tightening

their belts. the federal government should do the same. as the congressman dant i have rogered for this message. the request currently before message. it does reduce personnel in the coast guard by 773, but most importantly, allows us to remove cutters and aircraft from service that are aging and in need of replacement. some of these are being replaced and some are being laid up. the good news, the budget contains $1.4 billion to replace aging assets. like are high endurance cutters. the budget contains money to buy the fifth national security cutter. it includes 200 tickets for million dollars for fast response cutters to replace our patrol boat class. we are especially appreciative of the president and first

ladies support for families and for the $13.9 million for improvement or acquisition of housing to support our families, and we thank them again. as commandant, i supported this budget as it supplied us the ability of -- recapitalizing finding reflects hard choices, choices that best position the coast guard to optimize our performance to protect the nation within the funding provided in still replace aging cutters and aircraft. our intent is to manage current operations as funded in order to sustain our recapitalization program. the president's budget does this. this represents the best way forward given a constrain funding level. it is the coast guard's responsibility to manage current operations with the foresight instructor provided in the budget. we can and will do this. we could use some help as well. two things come to mind on my

wish list. first, we would appreciate an acknowledgement by all our partners of the following attributes of our service. we are multi mission, service agency that has the capability to respond along our coast and offshore for any nondefense related incident related to our national interest. we support nearly every department specialized agency of our government. we are federal first responders for the nation. we are prepared to do our job with the resources provided in the budget under operating principles that have served us well for two centuries. we must seek to balance our operations across all of our missions. we should resist the urge to parse our missions. what do our missions have to do with: security? the answer is provided in the homeland security review that is

provided on land. security and resilience of global movement systems, effective emergency response, and continuity of functions. all those relate to the home -- part of homeland security. we can expect constrained budgets for the foreseeable future. we are prepared to support these budgets and manage operations. we would ask that consideration be given to creating multi-year estimates that allow us to plan our acquisitions against a predictable funding stream. we have gone to extraordinary lengths to restructure and build an organization to meet oversight requirements and standards. our acquisition baselines' lack credibility when they are not supported by a five-year capital investment plan provided to congress in a timely manner. to our congressional partners,

we are working to change that. we understand and support the budget, and we are prepared to execute it. let me turn to the second force impacting our service, which is coastguard modernization. in my first state of the coast guard speech in 2007, i said there were three things the coast guard must do to position service for future success. modernization is in all three. first, we need to understand or dramatically change the operating environment. second, we must change to sustain and improve mission execution. third, we must be more responsive to the needs of the nation. i said our challenge going forward would be to adapt our forces so that we would be nimble, flexible, and capable of operating with multiple partners. search operations -- loss

sustained performance and our traditional missions. that was the cause for action and the value proposition of coast guard modernization. it is no less valid today than three years ago. what about today? that is a fair question. let's hear some highlights of what has been accomplished. we replaced the organization with a simplified construct that focuses on the operational unit. we have established logistics centers for aviation facilities, cover and small boat fleet, cyberspace sensors and information technology. any unit in the coast guard with a support issue as a single point of contact. we are moving to induct our legacy assets into a new system that will be used by all logistics centers.

for those of you from a larger military organization, this is tantamount to a logistical tree of less failure within the coast guard. for support not centered on an asset, as a ship, aircraft, or small boat, we have created service centers. we have completely revamp our support structure for our reserve component and reallocated positions that support our reserve is closer to the delivery point. we are looking ahead to future mission demand. the deployable operations group has distinguished itself. we are reducing the total number of deployable units, but let there be no mistake to the value this unit brings for the coast guard and for the entire nation.

our unit stands the watch in the port-au-prince harbor. this organization has taken on some of the more perplexing problems in our service, including consolidation of inspections and visits require our operational commands. the first remaining challenge for the services the integration of support across turn to program lines at the unit level. it is complex, but the solution in concept are simple.

we are replacing regional support command with part of a -- it allows for a small boat product line manager to synchronize his synchronize his responsibilities with one@@@@@@r in the meantime, there are numerous areas where we can address material weaknesses and present representations to the auditors, and we are doing just that. the third and final step involves congress. there are four acks that i cannot take, the coast guard cannot take, absent congressional authorization.

the first is the change in the coast guard operations plan that provide for op-com. the second is the designation of the pacific area command as the coast guard readiness command. one is the upgrade of the vice admiral to rebel. i lay out these intentions in february 2007. the request to allow full implementation of coast guard modernization is the passage of authorizing legislation so we can move forward. finally, i would like to talk about cutting readiness. -- cutter readiness. the current condition of our high endurance cutters is a

serious concern to me. following extensive repairs over the last 18 months, which continue to experience increasing casualties this scenario underscores the ability to serve the cutters that are in service, pending their relief by national cutters. this tension between current support levels and the need to bring new cutters online was critical in our need to decommission cutters which is supported in the president's budget. as we support the existing fleet, as they are relieved by new cutters. this is a prime example where the new prime support structure allows us to provide better support. our ability to implement this new support structure will be more critical in advance of the off-shore procurement that will begin in the 2012, 2010 time frame. we are also facing challenges

with a great lakes icing fleet. i breaking. the coast guard operates one of the oldest fleets in the world. no amount of maintenance can keep pace with the ravages of age. of the 12 major cutters assigned to haiti relief operations, 10 have suffered casualties. two were forced to return to port for emergency repairs. the process was coo closely within our new logistics' structure. the response was a triumph for the organization and _ the condition of our fleet. i would like to say week over extended, but we will always to avert an respond. we will take every resource we

have and throw it at the problem. the condition of the cutters that responded is indicative of the overall readiness of the fleet. the average age of our cutters is over 41 years. the condition of our fleet continues to deteriorate, jeopardize in our ability to do the job. that is why we must address future readiness, as we have in the president's budget. we played to our strengths and punch above our weight. as we continue to adapt to change, there remains certain aspects of our service that are timeless. our guardian ethos, our core values, and our operating principles. they guardans larry, civilian -- they are our guardians. they create the possible when none exists. it is these people that do not

need direction from higher authority to act. third-class petty officer said this -- today was the first day i have truly been more thankful to be an american. not because of the infrastructure, but because when a country less fortunate is in need. they will put together our health care, war, and economy and help out those in need. in their resiliency. the coast guard today remains true to our model. we have made significant cultural changes and structural enhancements to sustain readiness in the face of ever

increasing demand for our services. the state of the coast guard remains strong and brazilian today -- strong and resilient today. we are up to the challenge. thank you, and i would be glad to take any questions you have. [applause] [applause] m after hurricane katrina. >> that is a terrific question.

let me start with the response model for haiti. we are dealing with a foreign, sovereign government. the entire national committee is trying to support it. the way the u.s. accomplishes that support is through our chief -- most emcees are not staffed to handle certain operations . usaid dispatched a senior official down there to assist the ambassador. that is the person who focuses response by the american government for the government of haiti. in support of that effort, to make entities were established -- to entities were established. a team of folks was sent down by the department of homeland security and other agencies. in katrina, the people we were supporting or the local and

state governments, the mayor and the governor. in the u.s., their federal prohibitions regarding what the federal government can or should do. my role as a principal federal official was to work with the task force commander as we put together a response package for the mayor and the governor. there are similarities, but the overall governing structure is different. >> president obama has vowed no cuts to defense, and the department of defense is seeing a small budget increases for fiscal year 2011. other home and security agencies are adding jobs. how is it that is taking a 3% budget cut and losing nearly 800 jobs in contrast to other agencies that are gaining? >> what is important about the president's budget is that it has allowed me the flexibility to focus on recapitalization and

to manage current operations with the funding provided. we can argue about funding levels. everybody always wants more. the real issue for me in this budget is can we continue to recapitalize the coast guard? >> this message came from the parent of a recent coast guard recruit. how can you justify recruiting procedures when there is a backlog of fully processed recruits being told a could be delayed for a year? why spend the time and money to continue to process records that have nowhere to go and place their lives on hold with a potentially empty promise of enlistment? >> we need to understand what the budget is right now. the president's budget request

is on the hill and has to be acted on by appropriation committees and then reconcile. we do not know until close to the beginning of the fiscal year what are funding level will be and our ability to manage the work force close in is constrained by what is appropriate. while we have people waiting to access into the coast guard, until we know what is appropriate, we cannot take the final steps. this creates concerns about the future and what is going to happen and how we will implement this. as i told my entire work force, we will manage the personal impacts associated with this and pass information as soon as we know it. we will be totally transparent. in the meantime, we will have to manage a workforce that is larger now than we will be able to support in 2011. we will do that in a totally transparent manner. >> as the need for budgetary

cuts it grows, has any consideration been given to cutting costly officer billets and replacing them with less costly and listed counterparts? >> it is a question of interest to the field. in the personnel -- there is a reduction of over one else in military personnel, mostly related to the ships that are being played up and taken offline, that will allow us to recapitalize the fleet, as i noted earlier. in addition, there are over 300 civilian positions being added on. there is a conversion. -- there is a conversion of some positions from military to civilian. as far as the officer to enlisted ratio, of all have our budget people determine that for

the outcome of this budget and put it on the block for everyone to read. >> given that the fiscal crisis is not going away anytime soon, is there a possibility that cuts could come to retirement programs? >> i don't believe so. i think the president has made this clear, the commitment to our men and women in the military is very strong. it is very strong with secretary gates and chairman mullen. it is central to make sure we find full entitlements. that is where restored building the budget, and it will not be diminished. >> how will the lack of funding impact coast guard operations?

>>nis is a way for us to receive transponder locating its permission from vessels. we think it is a critical piece of maritime domain awareness. is competing with other items in our recapitalization agenda right now. our aging cutters are our number one responsibility. we'll have to revisit what we think about maritime security in this country as it relates to the ais system and how we want to conduct operations that support level. we have not had any viable threat to our ports since 9/11. that does not mean there will not be one in the future. right now the discussion is whether or not there is a credible enough maritime security need to build those

out, and we believe there is. >> do you foresee expanded opportunities for the coast guard auxiliary to deploy and assist the active coast guard in situations like haiti? >> we love the coast guard auxiliary. they are of great benefit to the nation. they come from the local communities where we operate. they work for psychic income. we give them but stipe been to report -- we give them a stipend, but this is a labor of love for them. around the world during our cover deployments, we have created a program to provide translating capabilities. we apply their skills where we can match them up with the coast guard. >> how extensively can you use

them to make sure that they still love you? [laughter] >> it is kind of a dance. i spent a lot of time going around and talking to the auxiliaries, telling them how much we@@@@

convergence of computation and internet data transmission has produced an equivalent in our social environment that is the equivalent of climate change. a doctor said last fall in a speech to the coast guard that there are three ways to adapt to climate change. you can suffer, adapt, or manage. this is a fundamental change in our social atmosphere. i have tried to move the coast guard into the managed category. we have facebook, quitter, youtube, and video libraries and so forth. this is the way we produce

social outcomes. it is part of the work force, and we have to adapt to meet it. >> given that you are making this transition, what impacts had he seen negatively and what are some of the positive impact? >> the responsibility for the fidelity, veracity, true, accuracy of any thing you see on the internet rests with the reader. there are no barriers to entry. that space can be populated by anybody. it is being populated by people that do not like us very much. information out there may not be correct. you can either let it stand and suffered, where you can adapt,

or you can manage. we chose to fill the space with our information. you cannot control their injury or what they put out there, but you can control what you do, and you can fill the space. >> you made reference to climate change. what are some specific steps the coast guard is taking to become more green? >> we have been representing the it task force on ocean policy. beyond that we are doing work at the international maritime organization. i leave the u.s. delegation on behalf of the state department. in november, after piracy, climate change in air emissions were that number to issues -- issuesnumber 2 issues.

we have issues with invasive species. we are working to endo international standards -- to invoke international standards. if you look at the north slope of alaska, there are a lot of arguments about the science. i said before, i am agnostic to the science. there is a territorial sea and an exclusive economic zones. we cannot abdicate that responsibility. i have been told it is not our responsibility, but that is not true. it is a national responsibility and something we have to have a serious policy discussion about. >> with each answer, there are a couple more questions.

it is fun to keep shuffling cards. given the importance of merchant commerce to our nation, wide international seafarers have difficulty getting access to shore leave? >> that is a question i have taken up over the last 18 months. a couple of things are complicating this period: security and the coast guard have been working for several years on rules that would implicate -- that would implement an identification card. anyone who has access to secure space is has to carry one of these cards or be escorted. in some cases, there has been an instruction for crew changes, people trying to get to shore for shore leave, or just doing logistical work when they are in port.

we are looking at this, and facility operators need to demonstrate that they have a plan to provide seafarer access to shore. anyone who runs into that kind of problem needs to contact the captain of the port. these people need to have shore leave and access to shore. we support that and make the changes necessary to make sure they have that. >> why can the international community not put an end to piracy? >> to have an act of piracy, it takes a portable ship and a pirate. there are not a lot of consequences attached to the behavior of pirates. we have taken extraordinary measures over the last 18 months and are putting out guidelines on how to hardin defenses of

ships that are slow and more vulnerable to attack. i have issued a maritime security directive that requires u.s. black ships around the horn of africa to do assessments for piracy -- u.s. flagships. this has been enormously successful but only accounts for 1% of that is shipping at the war of africa. the head of the u.s. transportation command and others predict that have to include legal sanctions for holding people accountable in a court of law someplace. we have an mou withkenya that

allows us to prosecute their. >> how will budget cuts impact coastguard operations aimed at intercepting drug smuggling? >> when we allocate resources, it is always a risk evaluation process. we take a look at the intelligence, the threats that are out there, and allocate resources to meet the highest needs first. countered drugs is an important mission to us. to the extent we have capabilities, keeping drugs from entering central america or mexico. trying to capture a multi ton quantities before they get to central america and mexico is the most effective way to

intercept drugs from south america. operational model is sometimes more important than the funding level. it is our freedom of degrees of movement. one of the opportunity costs for haiti recovery was the movement of the coast guard cutter hamilton from the pacific ocean to the panama canal to assume command and control of port-au- prince. those are the trade-offs we make in conducting current operations. does not matter what the resource level is. the process by which we do it, the intelligence we bring to it is what is most important. >> because of the way the military is organized, the coast guard adheres to the don't ask don't tell policy by agreement, not by direction. the coast guard is able to allow gays to serve openly.

even if not ordered to by president obama, will you reversed don't ask don't tell? >> first of all, i cannot reverse it. it is written in the statute and would take repeal of the law to reverse that. under title 10 as a military service and following the direction of the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, regarding this, a review is under way to take a look and build knowledge of how we might fulfill the guidance provided to us by the project -- by the president in his state of the union address. our goal is to create as much knowledge as we can about the implications of the implementation of the policy guidance provided by the president's once it is converted into legislation. >> this questioner says he will

provide you with his full contact information if you are interested. despite the two people implanon opportunity complaints and numerous consultations with military and private attorneys, the problems of discrimination toward hispanics in the coast guard persists. is the coast guard going to augment its senior libbers -- leadership with more his bank american membership to reflect the changing demographics? >> i will be happy to take the intermission and follow-up on the complaint. we seek diversity in the coast guard. all different viewpoints and walks of life, all religions are important to us because they create cognitive diversity. that is people with different viewpoints. if you agree on a central goal and you have different viewpoints, it is like getting a multi line fix. it gives you a higher fidelity

solution for what you are trying to do. we want a more diverse coast guard and we are working toward that in our recruiting. it is not restricted to one nationality or ethnic group. we needçó diversity across the board, and that is our goal. >> this question comes from a civilian naval architects and baltimore. in your efforts to constrain government spending, i am concerned the decommissioning of the cutters might affect civilian employees. what efforts are being made to preserve the jobs of civilian employees in this area? >> 339 civilian positions are being added, so i do not see any negative impact at this point for civilian workers. >> please update us on ship inspection procedures. what is the status of that?

>> we have a review going on right now of our ships operations and how our engineering staff on ships handle oily water discharge and bilge water. what we have done is to make sure we are living by the same standards we hold industry to. i have dispatched inspectors to go on board and inspect our cutters to make sure the same standards we apply to the private sector are being held to. >> the average navy ship is 14 years compared to 41 for the coast guard. we continue to have enough ships that can keep pace with the navy to be operationally effective? >> we will if they are properly maintained. that is one of the reasons we

have to lay up the old ships and build new ships. the old ships cannot participate as they have in the past and continue in the future. we are seeing increasing levels of casualty reports and difficulty in trying to support them. we will operate with the navy. our quest is to migrate to the new fleet as fast as we can. >> the 2010 ice season has been detrimental to cutters. is there a anything in place to recondition them? >> we have had some problems with reliability of our ice breaking tugs. that is a growing concern for us now. our new logistics' organizational structure is taking a look to see if there is a systemic some components or parts of the ship