very hard on developing legislation host: 1 short viewpoint from twitter here. we have trista and calling on the independent line from illinois. caller: i just want to say that the war on drugs is the most unsuccessful for in american history. it does nothing more than lock up millions of nonviolent americans in the prison industrial complex because of an outdated law. the controlled substance act of 1970 says cocaine is a schedule to drugs, yet marijuana is a schedule one drug, saying it has no medical value. we need to take a look and maybe revamp the whole thing. i would think anybody out there with have a brain would say that marijuana is less addicting and cocaine.

. afghanistan, not because of the oil, but because of the politics of heroin. read the book by alfred markell i, "politics -- alfred mccloy, "politics of heroin in southeast asia." guest: i said we should stop using the phrase war on drugs the first day i got into office. frankly, it does not make sense. when you talk about a war analogy you are limited to the tools of force. when you look at the public safety and public health safety and public health problem ankle, prevention and treatment would be -- angle, prevention and treatment would be great.

all five of the police chiefs in northern illinois said that it should not be called a war. i do not remember them talking about a war on drugs. i remember elected officials saying that. host: whenever you call it, the caller's point -- what ever you call it, the caller's point is that it has been ineffective. guest: our new policy over the last 10 years we have done much more effective research when it comes to effective prevention programs and treatment programs. by having a more balanced approach to the drug problem we have the potential to be much more successful. by admitting that reducing our own demand is just as important as protecting our borders,

cutting off supplies, and working with the government. we just helped mexico last fall opened up its first drug court. so, we have something to give away besides night vision goggles and interdiction techniques. we have programs that can be effective. they actually work. host: mary, good morning. you are on with gil kerlikowske. caller: my son is bipolar. he is an adult. he was put on stimulants 10 years ago. we objected. the doctor, without speaking with us, had people treated. eventually he had to be treated with anti psychotics to bring him down. something has to be done about

prescription drugs. you are really at the mercy of these doctors who prescribe these things. thank you. hostguest: i think that doctorse become knowledgeable of these other aspects of the drugs. doctors i have worked with are working very hard to provide this information to other physicians. they are incredibly busy. they want to give the best to their patients. they want to relieve the pain of the patient. but we do not want to see abuse. in some cases, frankly -- particularly again in south florida we have seen doctors that have violated the law. host: san antonio, democratic line. caller: my view on it is that

they should give money to the school system so that they can keep the kids from junior high up informed on the consequences of drug abuse. host: how much money has been spent on these programs? guest: there is no real federal drug control budget. we figure out the different components. it is around $15 billion per year. that is how we put together the budget. there has been an increase in the budget request from the president. there has been an increase across the board for supply reduction and law enforcement efforts, which are big components. for instance, if the police department is doing good community policing and are involved in neighborhood prevention, is that really about

money going to law enforcement? or is it about prevention and getting people into treatment? host: our guest is the senate confirmed national white house drug control policy director, gil kerlikowske. how do you like this job? guest: it is a great job. i feel guilty taking a check. after all these years on the police force, working with these talented and dedicated people is wonderful. they want to make a better quality of life. to have this opportunity to represent the president across the company -- across the country, meeting with all sorts of people. we just opened an office of recovery. is a tremendous opportunity. host: biggest surprise so far?

guest: drugged driving has increased. we know that drug overdose deaths are greater than gunshot deaths in this country. it is not recognized. we talked so long about the war on drugs that i do not think that the public, given the issues on their plate, are quite aware of the issues of drugs. we could save ourselves time, money, lives and heartache if we spend more time dealing with the drug issue. host: biggest frustration so far? guest: that it takes time to get this on the public's agenda. right now texting and driving can get headlines every day. sometimes journalists look at

the drug issue and see that it has been around for so long that they will only focus on things like the violence in mexico. we need to get that message out, because we can do something about this. host: bill, virginia. good morning. caller: my question regards marijuana. for years we have been told it is a gateway drug. in my experience it seems to be a gateway drug to the black market. seeing as how marijuana is the most widely used, by far, i am interested in your thoughts on this. if we legalize marijuana, that will cut down on people's access. people using harder drugs would get down. -- go down.

guest: i recently gave a speech to the california police chiefs in which we outlined our legislation. it will not save the budget of california. legalization, the amount of money collected would be paltry compared to the amount of money spent on social and criminal justice costs. alcohol is taxed, but the amount of money collected does not even begin to pay for the drunk driving arrests and social and health care costs. legalization does not seem to make a lot of sense from many standpoints. we go into it in detail. the speech that i gave it is on our website. host: next call, pennsylvania. benjamin, good morning. caller: thank you for c-span,

good morning. it is an honor to be armed. i wanted to answer a previous caller's question. then i wanted to propose my plan and get your opinion. is that ok? host: go for it. caller: the delineation between marijuana and boxy kodel not? the answer is that it is the law. for my proposal on what i would do -- and i would like your opinion -- if i had your job or if i was president i would probably stay out of it a little bit, bigger issues. i would probably cut budget and funding to your department. i would leave it up to the states as for their individual constitution. if the state cannot agree, but it on a ballot and let the

people vote. the bottom line is that all companies should have the right to deny employment on the basis of drug testing. that is their freedom and look -- freedom and liberty. your economy may suffer the results. if it was legalized, i would tax, levy, and regulate the enforced laws are rounded to developing,. host: several different points -- developing income -- regulate the enforced laws around yet to develop in comcome. host: there is a lot there. guest: other states have developed ways of dealing with marijuana.

in dealing with these other drugs. but the federal government clearly has a role. there are 50 different types of drug laws, that is why there is a controlled substance act. the vast majority of treatment is funded by the federal government, so we would have a real role in this. since i spent almost my entire career at global level, i have just grabbed a parachute into washington. i do not feel like a local. host: what about the term drug czar? you are not keen on that? guest: well, my wife is quite fond of being a czarina. [laughter] host: next caller, democratic line. caller: where do you get the right to tell anyone what they

can and cannot put into their bodies. this is an affront to every individual. bill last fellow that called with a state-by-state solution -- the last fellow that called with a state-by-state solution made the most since this morning. i do not believe that the federal government has much of a role in paying for the treatment of marijuana users. host: what about the public safety issue? caller: driving in the things, just like people that drink, it affects people in a different way. host: i do not think he heard my question. guest: the federal government has a huge role in public

safety. it is a deep concern of elected officials. that is why they take it on in not just the manners of criminal punishment, but they have seen what can happen to communities. i saw that as a police chief. whether i was in buffalo or seattle. i saw what drugs could do to a neighborhood. the answer is not always just locking people up. host: wells will, ohio. independent line. caller: good morning. the problem with our society today is that demand outweighs everything. the worst problem is that the united states, who has caused most of the problem, are lying to the american people. in 1960 if you smoke a joint you

would be sticking a needle in your arm and you were going to die. the biggest lie of all. the government is the biggest problem. they get billions and billions of dollars and his drug war should be over. if it was decriminalized it was all fadeaway. guest: he is dating himself around my age, graduating from high school in the 1960's. there is no question that the scare tactics -- and it was not just a scare tactics -- those were not effective messages. scared straight, where prisoners would tell kids that if you violated the law, this is what your life would become. kids are pretty sophisticated and they need a variety of messages. our media campaign, funded by congress, is well tested.

it is not based upon scare tactics. clearly i would disagree with clearly i would disagree with the collar when he says that if you just legalize drugs, it would all go away. that is incorrect. host: what happens to it? the guguest: we think that thisa document that not only direct direct several at 8 -- federal agencies and what to do with the drug problem, but it is also an important document for state and locals, frankly it is their voice in the document.

we have talked about the global issue and many of the callers have talked about what is going on around the world. because we are such a leader in areas of prevention and enforcement, this national drug control strategy can be great information for other governments as a balanced way of a look at changes to the federal student loan program with david baime the american association of community college. "washington journal" is live at

7:00 a.m. on c-span. >> coming up, president obama announces a proposal to allow more oil drilling off of the atlantic and gulf coasts. the u.n. host a conference on relief efforts in haiti. then the afghanistan ambassador to the west. then a discussion with the national drug control policy director. >> this weekend, john dean is our guest. he is the author of 10 books including an updated edition of "blind ambition." >> president obama announced a proposal that would open new areas to offshore oil and gas

drilling. under the proposal, some parts of the atlantic and gulf of mexico would be available for drilling for the first time ever. he also talked about new rules for fuel efficiency and unheard oil policy. -- and will policy. today, america and american families are still filling their cars with fuel from the desert half a world away. we still ride at the highs and lows of world oil prices.

our children havare wondering ie will still have the same failed policies. we are not here to do what is easy. we are here to do what is right. to make the hard choices. to succeed where others have failed by cutting the dependence on foreign whale, building a more secure and prosperous policy, protecting our children from the dangers of pollution. when president obama took office, we made great progress. we are standing up wind turbines on the plains, we are making our brit smarter and the next generation of nuclear power. -- we are making our grid

smarter. this is a race we cannot afford to lose to china or india or anyone else. all of the things we are doing will help us cut our dependence on foreign oil. no single energy source is enough. oil, nuclear, wind, geothermal, hydropower, they all need to be on the table. today is part of our comprehensive energy plan for the country. we are announcing how we will responsibly expand will exploration and development on the continental shelf. -- that are more than 125 miles off the coast of florida. we are moving forward with

exploration in areas such as the arctic ocean and areas in the atlantic where we must first determine if there exists a oil and gas reserves and if we can develop them appropriately. people come from across the globe to see the bears, the whales, the seals, and the bald eagle. this is a national treasure that we must protect. together, our efforts represent a new direction from the past, a change from the past. w3after years of lawsuits and political battles, we are bringing order and certainty to

our offshore leasing program. this will come to our commitment in developing in the right places and in the right ways and in a manner that protects our precious environment. we are making decisions based on sound information and sound science. we are listening to the community that are most effected. we are following beaumont and having an orderly process for exploration. -- we are following alonthe law. these are the principles that will guide our future. as the secretary of interior, my responsibility is to balance the many needs and uses on the continental shelf. this is a decision that will effect our prosperity and the

availability of the domestic supply for years to come. i also make these decisions knowing our responsibility. we have preserved our land, water, and wild life and this has helped our country flourish. teddy roosevelt reminded the congress that we are blessed with a rich natural bounty, we must develop our resources with future generations in mind. he said that optimism is a good characteristic but it is it is excessive if it is foolish. we are prone to speak of the resources as inexhaustible and this is not so. this is what was said over 100 years ago. the strategy takes the words of teddy roosevelt and it stays true to our values as americans.

this allows us to responsibly developed oil in the offshore. we are fortunate that in these times and in this 21st century as we face the issues across the world and at home, we have president obama in place as our leader. he understands that to do what is right for the country, we must rise belote -- above the political fight of the moment. this is not the democratic or republican issue, this is an american issue. please help me welcome the president of the united states, barack obama. [applause]

>> thank you, everyone. i have a few introductions. i think by the end of this 10 year, we will know that can salazar is one of the best secretaries of the interior that we have ever had. [applause] other members of our green team are here. our secretary of energy and, the

administrator of the gsa, the ceq chair, the white house energy and climate change director. please it gives them a round of applause. they put in a lot of work. . [applause] the governor of maryland is with us. [applause] the secretary of the navy is here. [applause] the chief of naval operations is here and we appreciate his outstanding service. thank you. [applause] i want to thank the base commander and a leadership that is present from the air force, the marine corps, and the coast

guard. ken and i were colleagues in the senate and i appointed him because i knew he would be a pragmatic steward of our natural resources. as secretary, he is changing the way that the interior department does business. we are responsibly developing traditional and renewable sources of energy. i am very grateful for the work that he has done. it is also good to see some many members of our armed forces. andrews is the homexd of air foe one. we appreciate everything that you do for me and my family. we have a 100% on-time departure record, you don't charge for

luggage. i want to thank you not only for the support that you provide me but also the service that you perform to keep our country safe each and every day. we are here to talk about america's energy security. this is an issue that has been a priority since the day i took office. already we have made the largest investment in clean energy in our nation's history. this is expected to create or saved more than 700 jobs. jobs manufacturing advanced batteries, operating the power grids so it is more intelligent, doubling our capacity to generate renewable electricity. in just a few months after taking office, i gathered the leaders of the world's largest automakers, environmental

advocates, labor unions, public officials, to reach a historic agreement to raise fuel economy standards in cars and trucks. after decades after which we have done little to increase efficiency, those standards will be finalized and this will reduce our dependence on oil while helping people to spend less at the pump. we are holding our end of the deal and we expect at all people to do the same. this will save $1.8 billion and -- this will save 1.8 billion barrels of oil. today, we will also go one step further. in order to save money and energy, might ministration -- my

ñiadministration is doubling the number of hybrid vehicles in the federal fleet even as we seek to reduce the number of cars and trucks used by the government overall. we will lead by example. we will cut waste, save energy, and reduce our reliance on foreign oil. we have to do more. we need to make continued investments in clean coal technology and advanced biofuels. i announced loan guarantees for the first nuclear facility in three decades. this will create thousands of jobs. we transition to cleaner energy sources, we have to make some tough decisions about opening new areas for development in ways that protect communities and coastlines. this is not a decision that i make lightly.

this is what we look that closely for more than a year. given our energy needs and the sustained economic growth to produce jobs and keep our business is competitive, we will need to harness traditional sources of fuel even as we ramp up new sources of home grown energy. today we are announcing the expansion of offshore oil and gas exploration but in ways that balance the needs of domestic energy resources and the need to protect energy resources. we will protect areas that are vital to tourism, the environment, and national security. we will be guided by scientific evidence. that is why we will consider

potential efforts in the mid and south atlantic and the gulf of mexico while protecting sensitive areas. that is why we will continue to support areas off of the north slope of alaska. there will be those who strongly disagree with this decision including those who say that we should not open up any new areas to drilling. this announcement is part of a broad strategy that will move us from an economy that runs on fossil fuel to one that runs on clean energy. the only way this will succeed if it strengthens our economy. to fail to recognize reality would be a mistake. there will be some who argue that we don't go far enough.

we should open up our waters without any regards took the environmental impact or restrictions. to those, i have to say this. we have less than 2% of the world's oil reserves. we consume more than 20% of the oil. what that means is that drilling alone cannot come close to meet our long-term needs. for the sake of our planet and independence, we need to begin the transition now. the answer is not drilling everywhere all the time, it is also not for us to ignore the fact that we will need energy sources to maintain our security. we need to move beyond the debate of the left and right, between business leaders and environmentalists.

this issue is too important to allow our progress to languish while we fight over it. for decades, we talked about how our dependence on foreign oil threatens the economy. when gaskets expensive at the pump, we go to an energy expert. when it goes back up, we forget what we learned. -- when gas get soms expensive. we talked about the risk of death our security created by the dependence on foreign oil. -- we talked about the risk of our security. while our politics has remain entrenched, the ground had

shifted beneath our feet. countries are seeking an edge in the global marketplace by investing in new ways of producing and saving energy. these nations recognize that the nations that lead a clean energy economy will be those that lead the global economy. as politicians debate, the military has already determined that we cannot afford not to. you might be wondering why we are announcing this at a military base. if you are wondering about the leadership our military is showing, you just need to look at a the vehicles behind me. the army and the marine corps has been testing the is on a mixture of biofuel.

it will be flown for the first time in just a few days. if test go as planned, it will be the first plane ever to fly faster than the speed of sound on a fuel that is half of biomass. the pentagon is not seeking those just to protect our environment, they are pursuing these energy sources to protect our national security. our leaders recognize the security imperative. we need to reduce our reliance on imported oil. we need to make ourselves more efficient. qthat is why the navy has set a

goal of using 50% alternative fuels in all planes, vehicles, and ships in the next five years. that is why the defense department has invested to improve energy efficiency. moving towards clean energy is about our efficiency. the policies that we have laid out underscores the seriousness with which my administration takes this challenge. this is a challenge that requires us to break out of the old way of thinking. it requires each of us regardless of whether we are in the public or private sector, whether we are in the military or in the civilian side of government, to think of how we can be doing things better so

that we are no longer tethered to the wind of what happens somewhere in the middle east. i am open to proposals from my 8 democratic and republican friends. i think that we can break out of the publicñi policy of the past when it comes to energy policy. we can pass legislation that will foster new industries, create millions of new jobs, protect our planet, help us become more energy independent. that is what we can do and what we must do. i am confident that is what we will do. thank you very much. thank you for serving in our armed services. you are making enormous contributions.

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♪ >> coming up, the u.n. host a conference on relief efforts in haiti. then afghanistans ambassador to the west. our interview with the national drug control policy director. >> tomorrow morning, the carnegie endowment for international peace hosts a

discussion about u.s. relations with russia. there is a revised treaty on reducing weapons stockpiles. the pact between russia and the u.s. is expected to be signed next week and then await senate approval. the united nations held a conference on foreign aid for haiti today. we will hear from secretary of state clinton and former president clinton. first, here is the u.n. secretary-general. to haiti. this is about one hour. >> excellence iies, distinguishd delegates, ladies and gentlemen, i declare open the

conference about a new future for haiti. president preval, secretary of state clinton, distinguished and ministers, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is my great pleasure to welcome all of you at the united nations headquarters for this important event which is aimed at mobilizing international support for the development needs of haiti and to lay the foundation for haiti's recovery. president preval, secretary clinton, former president bill

clinton, distinguished ministers, [speaking foreign language] [speaking foreign language]

>> four weeks, experts have been examining the costs of the effort in haiti. the u.s. government has won out a blueprint for it planned to guide and the recovery of haiti and new construction. here to present that the decision will be a moment. as a plan for action, it is concrete, specific, and above all, ambitious. it is not just to rebuild. it is to build a back bencher. -- build back better.

it does create a new haiti. the majority of people no longer will live in deep poverty. they can go into school and enjoy better health. they have options for jobs. under this plan, the haiti recovery commission will channel $3.90 billion into specific programs and project during the next 18 months, over the next 10 years, haiti's reconstruction needs and total are an estimated $11.50 billion. clearly, this assistance was the well invested and well coordinated. it must provide for continuing emergence of food sanitation, health care and most urgently,

shelter. you are all aware of dire the situation is right now. the rainy season is fast approaching. tents for displaced persons are at first -- are at risk for flooding. we are very concerned about the current situation in some camps, especially for women and children. i appeal for the support for $1.40 billion hoppe. as we move from emergency to long-term reconstruction, but as recognize that we cannot accept a business as usual. what we envision today a wholesale or the wall, a sweeping exercise in nation-

building not seen in generations. haiti's leaders are committing to new social contract with the people. [speaking french] [speaking french]

[speaking french] >> it requires to all problems. among them, creating jobs and cash for work programs as well as incentives for people to relocate elsewhere in the country. today, we will rise in solidarity with the haitians. with the end of this day, i am confident that we will truly have helped haiti along the road for new and better futures.

thank you. [applause] >> i have the great honor to invite secretary hillary clinton to address us. >> thank you, very much, secretary general. thank you for your leadership and your personal commitments to this international endeavor. president preval, to do and the members of your government, we thank you for your extraordinary work that you have done leading up to this point. to former president clinton, with whom i first went to hit the many years ago, about two months after we were married, thank you for taking on another assignment from the secretary general and to all of the

countries and international institutions represented here, thank you. thank you for the immediate response to the overwhelming catastrophe that afflicted the haitian people and thank you for your continued commitment. we have had over 140 nations working to support the nation of haiti and delivered food, temporary shelter, and medical care to thousands of survivors. the emergency relief is only the beginning of what will be a long road to recovery as the secretary general just pointed out. one that will require global support. some people wonder why haiti? why this great outpouring of international law humanitarian concern and commitment to haiti's feature? why is haiti's fate of such

consequence to the region and the world that it deserves sustained help? why should we hope that this time with our collective assistance, haiti can achieve a better future? these are questions that deserve answers and i believe that this conference will begin to do so. the humanitarian need we know is great. therefore, as fellow the human beings, we respond from a position of conscience and morality to help those who but for the grace of god, could be. and a world where natural disasters are often unpredictable and inflicted great costs. haiti was a country of 9 million people before the earthquake. today, more than a quarter of a million of those people have died. more than 1 million are

homeless. hundreds of thousands live in temporary camps without enough food or sufficient access to sanitation. nearly every demint agency has been destroyed along with universities, hospitals, and primary schools. we know they are the foundations to a nation's long- term progress. close to 1 million young people were preparing to enter the job market within five years. now, their opportunities have crumbled what the need for jobs has multiplied. before the earthquake, haiti was on a path to progress. the government led by the president had started enacting critical reform. the economy grew by nearly 3%. international chains launched hotels, a sign of a rising tourism industry.

new factories were opening where others had been contacted -- and others had been contracted to begin production. with the earthquake, much of these efforts were wiped away. but the people of haiti never gave up. as they mourned their losses, they gathered the resources they had left and began working around the clock to put their lives and their country back together. they relied on the strength and spirit that has carried them through tough times before. they need our help. they cannot succeed without the support of the global community. we need to haiti to succeed. what happens there has repercussions far beyond its borders. there are two paths that lie before us. if they can build six homes, citizens can escape many of the dangers they now face a return to more normal lives. to more normal lives. if they can realize broadbased

growth, they can help people find work in their area. if they can build strong health and education system, they can't give to the people the tools they need to contribute to the nation's progress and fulfil their own potential. if they can create strong, transparent, accountable institutions, it can establish the credibility and trust its people have deserved. if they can do all of those things with our help, it will become an engine for progress and prosperity, generating opportunity, fostering stability for itself and for countries throughout the hemisphere and beyond. there is another path that haiti could take, a past that demands

far less of haiti and ask. . . slow or insufficient, if it is marked by conflict, lack of coordination or lack of transparency, the challenges that have plagued them for years could erupt with global consequences. before the earthquake, migration trained heydey of many talented citizens, many of whom live in our country. if new jobs and opportunities to not emerge, even more people will leave. before the earthquake, quality health care was a challenge for haiti. it is now needed even more urgently. haiti has the highest rate of tuberculosis and the hemisphere. the highest rate thehiv, the highest rate of infant, a child, and maternal fatality. one of the highest rates for child nutrition -- now

attrition. with the public health system now shattered, those numbers will climb. a lack of sanitation services could cause outbreaks of lethal could cause outbreaks of lethal elvises and the lack of reliable medical services could give rise to new drug resistance -- drug resistant strains of disease that could cross borders. before the earthquake, hunter was a problem for haiti. years of deforestation had stripped the land of its rich topsoil and people struggled to grow or purchase enough food to feed their families. the riots over food that broke out in 2008 toppled the government. food is now even more scarce. people are more desperate. before the earthquake, security was a challenge for haiti. in a peacekeeping mission helped promote the rule of law. the dedicated you and workers in haiti have suffered terrible losses. so have the haitian national

police which were building their ranks and their capacity. with so much destruction and this location, security is even more tenuous. drug trafficking is a half a billion dollar per year industry in haiti. it thrives on political and social instability. trafficking cumin beings is also rampant. tens of thousands of children are trafficked in haiti every year and now even more vulnerable. each of these problems directly affects the people of haiti. they and directly affect us all. if they worsen, it is not only the people of haiti who will suffer. i have great confidence in the resilience of the people of haiti. their history has tested them and now they're being tested again. so are heady's leaders, and whom

i also have great confidence. we are called to do better than we have done in the past. many countries here have helped haiti in the past. many ngo's have helped haiti in the past. we cannot do what we have done in the past. they must make the tough decisions that guide a strong and accountable and transparent recovery. that is what they are starting to do with the creation of a new mechanism that provides coordination and consultation so aid can be directed where it is most needed. we in the global community must also do things differently. it will be tempting to fall back on old habits, to work around the government rather than to work with them as partners. or to fund a scattered array of well meaning projects rather than making the deeper long-term

investment that haiti needs now. we cannot retreat to failed strategies. i know that we have heard these imperatives before, coordinating aid, hold yourself accountable, share knowledge, track results. we cannot now just declare our intentions. we have to follow through and put them into practice. therefore, this is not only a conference about what financially we pledge to haiti, we also have to pledge our best efforts to do better ourselves. to offer our support in a smarter way, a more effective way that produces real results for the people of haiti. let us say here with one voice that we will pass this test. to that end, the u.s. pledges $1.15 billion for haiti's long- term recovery and reconstruction. this money will go toward

supporting the government of haiti's plan to strengthen agriculture, energy, health, security, and government. we are committed to working with the people and organizations throughout haiti including private businesses and citizens. i am very glad to see so many of them represented here today. we will also be looking for ways to engage our haitian diaspora. a haitian americans have much to contribute to this effort and we will seek specifically to empower the women of haiti. i said this so many times that i know i sound like a broken record. investing in a women is the best investment we can make in any country. investing in the haitian women will fuel the long term economic recovery and progress not only for them but for their families. over the years, all of our countries have learned many

lessons, particularly from the tsunami that the un was instrumental in leading the response to. we must now put those lessons to work in haiti. i am very excited and very committed on behalf of president obama, the government of the u.s. and the people of the u.s. to help haiti and to help the leaders of haiti lead a recovery effort were they of their highest hopes. thank you, secretary-general. [applause] >> thank you, mr. secretary general. we are a bit behind schedule. i will try to help us catch up. the purpose of this section is to remind us all that there are people beyond those of us

representing countries in this room who are involved in this process. about one year ago, the secretary general asked me to do the special envoy to do essentially two things. to harass the donors to see that they honor their commitments. i was a failure at that, only 30% of the money committed to haiti before the earthquake has actually been disbursed. the second thing i was asked to do was to ensure maximum involvement of the haitian diaspora, the international community, investors, from all over the world and elements of haitian society. i have met many times with the

haitian government and i think the prime minister -- i think the governor and president and prime minister. members of the private sector, with whom i have met many times. they were working together to implement their own plan with the help of their supporters and multinational institutions and the national government. i want to especially thank their neighbors. this is the first time in my lifetime of dealing with haiti where all of haiti's neighbors have been committed to its success first and after the earthquake, to its recovery. this is extraordinarily significant. we have all done this together. brazilians, argentinians, the u.s., canada, mexico, all of the

caribbean, venezuela, kubla. it is the only thing we all agree on. this is a happy thing. this is a good thing. we were making progress. then the earthquake hit. since then, my office has largely been involved in helping them deal with the emergency. i want to say a brief word about that. until the haitians can live instead of day-to-day, month to month, it is going to be very difficult for us to implement the long term plan which the president, prime minister and government had given us today. they are doing remarkably well under the circumstances but we still need to move 20,000 to 40,000 people before the rainy season so they are not at risk for drowning. some of the tented in cans are exposed to very heavy winds and

they will blow down if the wind blows a certain amount. we still have to build the lowest cost possible permanent shelters we can so people can run their if they are subject to a hurricane. we still to not have adequate sanitation for the concentrated living we have of their. this is a very dangerous for the children. let me remind you that waterborne diseases, diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, a% of the victims are children under 5. we still need help there. otherwise, we have to begin on these long term projects. i want to thank the president' for asking the prime minister and me to cochair this interim commission. i would like to explain it to all of you.

it is an interim commission. i hope to continue my work for the un and the secretary general will have me -- if the secretary general will have me. this is what was done in indonesia after the tsunami. it was devastated but just a small part of a large country. it still took back the government one year to stand of the recovery agency and that is what we are doing. we are just trying to provide a forum where all the legitimate stakeholders' can be heard and come together and then implement the haitian government plan. while he is developing and redeveloping a capacity of its own government to operate this and we support that. my job in the next 18 months is to be going to connect the inside and the outside forces in a way that maximizes the input

and the impact of all of the players, minimizes the friction and the transaction costs. that is the purpose of the multi-donor fund that will be on behalf of the world bank and the imf will be trustees of. we ask for your support. i want you to hear from some of these remarkable people about what they are doing. and, how we are all going to work together. and i want to particularly thank the ngo's for their efforts and the investors from around the world. i also want to say one final thing. there has been a lot of talk about transparency. the haitians have not objected to transparency. they just do not want it to

interfere with empowerment. what we have done and settled on a model that is more or less what we did during the summer. you can go to haitispecialenvoy.org, and you can see what we did in the aftermath and what the haitians want to do this time. in reporting and tracking system of pledging commitments and disbursements both from government and multinationals and the private sector. all transparency and accountability is a two-way street. it will also show the commitments made and the money disbursed to the government of haiti. it will be an open process. one that i think will work very well. >> thank you, secretary general. president central to the action plan,

which the prime minister of haiti has just presented, it is a vision to build haiti and new, and the u.n. development system is committed to helping haiti achieve its goal -- its vision -- it is a vision to build haiti anew. much, obviously, remains to be done. as the hurricane season approaches, the needs are especially pressing, and we must say today that unless the urgent humanitarian needs are met and the appeal is fully funded, ensuring a smooth transition we all want becomes more difficult. the u and, together with other partners, has been supporting their government -- the u.n., together with other partners, has been supporting their government, and that has

provided a strategic contribution to the government's action plan. it is critical that the pledges made towards the three-point $8 billion required to get recovery going are quickly fulfilled, and they are initial to emergency response. emergency response. as we mobilized and support the recovery, they make five points on behalf of the development group. the government and the people of haiti must be in the driver's seat of the recovery. our international resources must be lined up with priorities. the u.n. agencies will strengthen the capacity of haitian institutions at the national and some national level and support and good governance. we will also support the full engagement of civil society and the recovery and private-sector and include the haitian

diaspora. we believe the inclusion of women at the decision-making table is absolutely vital for lasting progress. we will be supporting short-term job creation, development of small and medium-sized enterprise and the creation of that enabling environment which is needed for investors to come and help generate sustainable employment growth over the long term. we will certainly support the spread development across the country so that all haitians have a chance to benefit from this recovery. our support will be in educational training and cash and food for work programs and support for agricultural rehabilitation and support. we will actively support the haitian government's commitment to give more authority to local levels.

we see restoration of ecosystems and disaster reduction measures as being part of building haiti and do. new. . .

the un has helped establish an information management system which will be publicly accessible to attract a disbursement and results in haiti, and that will strengthen the national aid coordination efforts. the u.n. is working closely with the world bank and others to support the establishment of a reconstruction fund. we have finalized the un component of the fund and we are ready to help priority activities now. what this conference pave the way for building back of better haiti with sufficient resources, and this can truly become a reality for haiti and its people. thank you. [applause]

>> i think the chair person of the u.n. development program for her statement. and now the president of the world bank. >> all like to thank you, secretary general, secretary clinton for hosting the conference, and a special thanks for president clinton and others, and i want to thank the prime minister for his very excellent presentation. we have a chance to do things differently this time. and to do so, we will partnership over the long haul. i'll make five suggestions. first, we need to combine compete -- capable haitian ownership with an effective partnership. haiti had a modest capacity before the earthquake, and the

earthquake set it back further. this will also require a strong political will on the part of haitians to overcome divisive politics of the past. the donors in turn need to work through haiti's budget to avoid the fragmentation and to assist in developing haiti's capacity. i know budget support is very difficult for donors, but we at the world bank and others can help by serving as trustees for the haiti reconstruction fund, a multi donor trust fund that can help supply controls and produce responsibility. your countries, a partner agencies, will provide guidance to the sri construction funds. so please use it. avoided feel-good, flag-waving projects that will not be sustainable, because in an island of development in a sea of deprivation will not get us

where we need to go. second, we need the best anti- corruption tools possible to strengthen the case for working through haiti's budget. president preval's has already taken an important step, but we have learned some important lessons that we can learn here. internal audits, a special anti- corruption unit, higher salaries with higher performance standards, publicizing cases of corruption, and all staffs taking an ethical pledges. we can use this reconciliation -- this reconstruction agency to back a reconstruction fund. third, as already mentioned, we will need tangible benefits on the ground right away, particularly for shelter.

we need did newt -- we need to move fast to head off another tragedy. in the near term this will require emerge as a relocation of those most at risk of flooding. i understand parcels of land should be ready, too, and and get the shelter to those places that appeared in the medium term, we need to combine roots with community development for water, schools, sanitation, food, and we hope jobs. fourth, supply the sectors absolutely essential to create these jobs. there is a great possibility for some jobs. we need -- even after the destruction of the earthquake, there are 20,000 people still at work in factories. we can help them build more by backing them with power and logistics' and help with additional land for facilities to create more jobs. there is possibility for agriculture, for tourism, for women-owned businesses, but to

do so we will need government support on policy and regulatory reform. i've seen the private-sector arm at the bank already giving additional financial support to clients and looking to invest up to $200 million in microfinance and other logistics, manufacturing, small enterprises, and infrastructure. we can use that money to leverage and other private investment. fifth, the international agencies need to cooperate, not cooperate. i'm very proud of the contributions the world bank staff made in the immediate aftermath of 500,000 contributions. the world bank will provide over $5 million, $479 million -- $250 million of new funds, $39 million that will cancel the

remaining debt. i believe that we can effectively use considerably more, and this is the key point for the ministers in the room. york governments decide something called the allocation to buy them. i suggested to the finance minister that next june we could include a special allocation for haiti and afghanistan. the finance ministers were interested, so at the foreign ministers will also push, we can make it so. so please write a note to your chief of staff for someone in your office, because my experience is that ministers like the ideas, but when we work with the deputies of the deputies, they do not like change. [laughter] for the international agencies to be most effective, divide up the responsibilities under the haitian framework instead of tripping over one another. and let's hold everyone's feet to the fire. i heard the suggestion of a

review after five years. why don't we agreed to meet in six months, about the time of the u.n. general assembly, identify what is working, what needs to be improved, and how we can move further ahead. this can be our accountability report to the people of haiti and to the world. thank you. >> the president -- i thank the president of the world bank for his statement. and now the president of the enter development bank. >> thank you very much, mr. secretary general. ambassadors and delegations, ladies and gentlemen -- allow me to add my words of thanks to the co-sponsors of the donors conference, and let me also congratulate the prime minister for his clear position on haiti. we all hope that from the

destruction of the earthquake will rise to 21st century haiti. a society based on the principles of equity, justice, inclusiveness, and the rule of law. an economy that is dynamic and grounded on a broad territorial base and within a democratic institution. as president clinton said here before, and as many have also, we are part of a regional institution and this hemisphere has done a lot for haiti. we together with the oas had been working for many years, in our case providing resources for haiti of rely 60 years. we have been there in good times and in bad. we have seen the country suffer from any natural disasters and also some man-made crises. we have witnessed close-up

ability of the people of haiti to overcome difficult challenges and get back on their feet quickly. this is a testament to their perseverance, their patients, and their determination. we have every confidence that such characteristics will serve them well once again. with the assistance of those of us in this room and those outside as well, we can help turn the vision of a new haiti into in reality. we're happy to see the government development plan for the future. and it is shared by many stakeholders, as we have just heard. the idb sponsored this, and it was a very productive dialogue. it left no doubt in our mind that there is a shared strategy in order to reduce poverty, protect the environment, create a large middle class, and achieve sustainable development.

the private sector must play a vital role in in order to attract investment, both sides also understand the measures that need to be put in place to create an appropriate, enabling environment for it let me point out some of the more critical measures. a lack of character -- clarity surrounding land ownership. inadequate housing and infrastructure. insufficient credit. especially for the small and medium enterprises. weak institutions, poor schooling and health services, and a tax base that cannot support the needs of the government did idb have been working with the government and most of these areas. we have an active portfolio of $700 million of which $300 million are still on dispersed. about 40% of that is an infrastructure, working with other partners like the spanish

20% in agriculture and the environment and 25% in basic services and 15% in government an institution building. since the earthquake, we had used this to meet emergency needs -- in government and institution building. there was a leading institution to obtain liquidity and to continue operations in the rural areas. in addition, we are about to send to our board of directors a housing loan of $30 million to provide semi permanent shelters be a we are working in preparation of a project to implement a strategy -- permanent shelters. we are working in preparation of a project to implement a strategy in public education and to fund new school construction. we will also help haiti in its

budget. as bob just said, we will be providing money. we are examining other programs and trying to help the government meet the development goals. goals. there will be 700,000 people who are homeless after the earthquake. they needed technical training and agricultural assistance, and reforestation. and will participate with the world bank with the trust fund, and we will engage with the government in haiti and help in setting up interim reconstruction commissions. the bank has been discussing with the government the establishment of an information technology to help the flow of government assistance to make sure the government plan is being implemented in a timely and transparent manner. it is critically important for effective implementation of the development plan that there be

coordination both on the waterside but also on the ground in haiti, through the interim commission, and eventually through the haiti development agencies. last week at the just-concluded meeting of the idb, our governors agreed to take the necessary step as part of the capital increase, a historic one, for the bank to provide $479 million to cancel a deep thoughts remaining debt with the bank, including the conversion of outstanding balances and the amount of $186 million in the grand prix it should be recalled that last year when 80 reach the completion. with the imf and paper gave at that time thought under 7 $5 million of haiti's debt as part of the multilateral debt facility. at the meeting, the shareholders of the bank also agreed to take

the necessary steps to implement a transfer of $200 million per year through 2020 to coordinate capital coming into the finance reconstruction efforts. so for the next two years, the idb is pledging full hundred million >> third we hope that the collaborative efforts will be met and we are ages to do our part. thank you. -- we are anxious to do our part. >> i thank him for the statement and the support. i not get the floor to the managing director of the international monetary fund. >> i like to start by thanking the united nations and the secretary-general for convening this meeting, and also president pro ball preval p ballresident

preval and prime minister bellerive and president clinton. obviously everyone agrees this is a unique occasion to try to help the haitian economy. it needs accountability, and for all this the proposed trust fund is certainly the right way to move forward. but i would like to say one important point that has already been emphasized which is that all of this will work if we really have haitian authorities in the driver's seat. for this program to work, you need a real ownership by the country, and that is the first point i wanted to make.

this could lead to something which could add to a growth of 8%, over five years, which will lead the capital of gdp to grow to at thousand >>, compared to 33% of that before the earthquake. there's a real possibility of improving the situation, but it relies upon the haitian authorities themselves, and i trust that you will be able to do it through the second point is that it is right to talk about the minister and the reconstruction has to do with the medium term. but there will be no medium term if we are unable to manage the short term. and the short-term is a question of the support for it but to support this year is absolutely essential. the balancing gap following the forecast of the imf is about

$320 million. i know that many of you have made pledges on budget support, and i want to thank you, but there is more to do. and there will be no way to do all that we've said this morning if the haitian authorities need to balance their budgets -- monetary support will lead to huge inflation and this would destroy all the forecasts we may have today. this is absolutely critical another point is very important, which is to monitor carefully, and we will do that for the central bank, the fact that all of the pledges will represent a huge flow of capital for a country like haiti. it will make up for pressure on the currency, and that has to be taken into account, but that can be monitored. the main problem is to bridge the gap, which we are now.

and to do this, and another point is as important, which is the private sector. to resume credit to the private sector, we're working closely with the haitian authorities, and when this trend will be really working, not the public side but the private side of the system will work again. so my second point was that one -- urgent support, please think about that in these pledges. and the last one of course has to do with debt relief. that debt relief is obviously necessary, and as far as the imf is concerned, the current level of outstanding debt is $271 million, including the $40 million that we have disbursed immediately after the earthquake.

i am happy and proud to say that the imf was able to disperse in days after the earthquake three that was support the was absolutely necessary. now we need to deal with that debt and other institutions have done with that. the u.n. will do it too. we're in a situation in the imf that a special, because whenever we do, there's no payment due from the haitians until 2012. but nevertheless, we're going to go -- we're prepared to go to the board of the i am not -- the imf rather rapidly. being very short, the president, prime minister, at the imf really believes that there are some bright futures possible. it relies on growth -- mainly on

growth, and we're absolutely ready to help you but we need your total involvement, and i note that you all for this. nike. -- and i know that you offer this. thank you. >> i thank the managing director for his statement. i now give the floor to the vice-president of the caribbean development bank. >> thank you, secretary general. other members of the head table. i need to apologize for the absence of my president. it was unavoidably detained. haiti's a session to the

caribbean development bank, we have been actively involved and that has been in collaboration with other multilateral development bank, and so all of the interventions have been an education -- and education and others have been with the imf. as chief -- we have available $50 million available for 80. [unintelligible] of this $50 million, there are dispersed balances on essentially three projects. our current assessment will determine whether that will be

used for those projects or for some other projects. we have $36 million available in new commitment, which we anticipate the subject to the approval of my board, that it will be contributed to the reconstruction fund that has been set out. we're doing this because we believe this is one of the most appropriate mechanisms for restoring the government of haiti, a point repeated this morning, and we provide for the critical uses of resources. as part [unintelligible] in essence, the caribbean development bank is prepared to provide in new commitments $36

million, and perhaps $13.5 million more to the reconstruction efforts in haiti. thank you. >> i thank the vice president of the caribbean development bank for his statement. i now give to the final speaker on my left, to the most honorable james patterson, special representative for the heads of government on haiti. >> secretary general, prime minister bellerive, secretary of state, distinguished ladies and gentlemen -- the earthquake of january 12 ranks as being among the worst catastrophes to befall

a single nation. the loss of life, the total of severe injuries, the destruction of physical infrastructure, the demolition of public buildings, and its consequent damage to the apparatus of government, all designed -- combined to make a natural disaster one of the worst ever in reported history. the initial response of the international community has been tremendous, and as a representative of the caribbean community to which haiti belongs, we want to say a grateful thanks. but our work has just begun to lift haiti from the rubble. in every forum which has met since the earthquake, it has been acknowledged, and today's donor conference will no doubt a

firm, that we must go about recovery for the people of haiti, providing the quality of life for its citizens of future generations of which it's amazing history and culture truly deserve. the haiti of the future must be completely different and significantly better than the haiti of the recent past. in years to come, the result of this auguste gathering will not be measured by the eloquence of today's fine rhetoric, but by the honoring of the general the honoring of the general pledges that we we support the creation of a new development model, one which identifies the recipients of the engine of sustainable development and in which the

needs are identified by the recipient that becomes the overriding criteria for the selection of projects and the disbursement of funds. the prime minister of haiti has presented an action plan in the form of a needs assessment. the needs identified are enormous, but well within our reach. the proper management of the disbursement and putting to productive use of such a large sum will, however, call for a tremendous exercise in governance by haiti. with the devastation of port-au- prince, the building must ensure that no future catastrophe can have a similar devastating impact and therefore such national significance as the recent earthquake.

decentralization will help to ensure that that will not happen again. the public functions of the state and the public service must be reinforced as a matter of urgent priority to provide the government of haiti with the institutional capacity to play the lead role in guiding and in struction of recovery the country. it should also ensure that the public needs and the provision of public goods and basic services, which unquestionably is the responsibility of haiti, it is sustainable. as you recognize, government is of paramount importance to the process. we are firmly committed to assisting haiti and the reinforcement with

transparency, compassion, efficiency, predominating. the caribbean communities have a vital interest in the welfare and the development of haiti. a strong caribbean community means a strop -- needs a strong haiti. as the most populous state in the group of 14 sovereign nations, the community sees the rebuilding of haiti as a priority issue for all caribbean states. and therefore, the entire capacity of our government has been placed at the disposal of 80 as it seeks to rebuild its own national capacity with regard to rebuilding technical capacity, we believe we can make a tremendous difference and

bring to bear in the areas of human resource development and institutional capacity building. the committee therefore stands ready to make available of its capacities and administrative reform, in education and training, including vocational training and certification, in engineering and construction for earthquake and hurricane resistance, and providing solutions for low and middle and come, and that trip -- in agriculture, tourism, research, and development. this is absolutely essential in finding the way forward and how the process of rebuilding will be achieved. it provides an exponential opportunity for the international community to put into practice some of the principles it has been advocating recently to enhance

aid effectiveness. cchog welcomes the fun. all foreigners must not commit to that fund and its joint management. the arrangements for the pond and more generally for support to haiti must encourage and recognize a collaborative approach. this donors' meeting is a good place to begin to recognize that all donors and the nation's big and small, in kind or in cash, are important and welcome. but we must all be wary that what the gradual withdrawal of the haitian story from the major pages of international media, the enthusiasm of downers and facilitators does not we can

and/or dissipate. the action of this group will go a far away in sending a signal that the international community will stand with haiti all the way to the very end. nothing less than a revitalized haiti that is sustainable, that is just and equitable, will be accepted as a litmus test of our success. every delegation in attendance and every individual at this conference is, i believe, fully committed to the rehabilitation. the consensus is also clear on the imperative to build a new haiti, to create a haitian renaissance. the challenge to this international meeting is to create that blueprint, to approve that action plan and organizational arrangement which

will ensure maximum effectiveness of all the resources that are necessary to facilitate the reconstruction of haiti. even as we do so, there are urgent needs as the rainy and hurricane seasons approach, but the potential to increase distress which should not be overlooked. a sense of urgency must be maintained. in this regard, the interim haiti reconstruction committee must begin this work immediately. if we can as an international community help rebuild haiti into a modern, sustainable state, we will have advance the cause of humanity everywhere. [applause]

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> coming up, the afghan ambassador. then, the bar association hosted a new technology meeting. on tomorrow's "washington journal," a discussion about the economy. ruth goldway will discuss the budget problem at the u.s. postal service. and then, but the american association of community colleges. -- and then, the american association of community colleges.

"washington journal," at 7:00 a.m. there was the announcement of a new initiative today that will facilitate student exchange programs and help train future afghan leaders. following the announcement, the afghan ambassador took questions from the audience. this is 15 minutes. -- 15 minutes. >> yes, please, sir? >> i am jim. i live at peace think tank things. -- these think tank things. i am sure the ambassador has taken a look get this. the front-page story was about president karzai and then,

freedmen, in his op-ed piece, -- friedman, in his op-ed piece, all of the things that we have done wrong. how does it strike you when you read things like that? is it just plain wrong? or is it just emphasizes wrong? -- emphasized wrong? >> these are partisan articles. a majority of the afghans and institutions look at social stability there, and, again, when articles come up, whether by officials or nameless, without providing any kind of evidence except for political motivation, there is nothing we can do.

as you know, in qanbar -- kandahar, but the military and intelligence, if there is any evidence of wrongdoing, they would come forward with it. the allegations have been circulated. they play an important role in the stability. >> can you say something about the second part of the question? corruption in general. >> there is a serious challenge that we face. we have seen people helping to build the capacity, to be aware of the corruption, to build the necessary institutions, and we have arrested a significant number of high-ranking officials. we have just increased the

mandate and authority of the high office that is in charge of fighting corruption. it is going to be a while to overcome this challenge. a lot of the money flowing into afghanistan from outside from narcotics, neighboring countries, and other, and unless you build the necessary institutions, we are not going to be able to us by removing one individual or pointing the finger to one particular individual to fight this. it is a serious challenge, and it is a series demand by the afghan people also that the afghan government be strong and resolute in fighting this problem. it affects mostly the lives of the afghans, particularly the small-skill corruption that takes place by the police force. this affects the daily life of the afghans, and we are working on it, and we will be dealing with it by building the

necessary institutions, by prosecuting high-ranking officials, and also improving the security situation, especially the police force and other. >> i wonder if i can call on the general again? >> thank you. and congratulations on the progress made. i applaud all the elements that have been put in place. i have about two minutes to give a little bit of background of the ambassador and the

government of afghanistan as we together carry out our strategic interests. we, the united states, have invested quite a bit of money in afghanistan over the past eight years. we began to significantly invest in afghanistan way back in 2002, and that investment has multiplied many dimensions since then. right now, for this fiscal year, investment on reconstruction alone in afghanistan is about $51 billion. this is in addition to millions of dollars that we spend in support of military operations, so when i say $51 billion, that is exclusive of reconstruction,

of which $26 billion, $26 billion, has gone to the security sector. standing next to the afghan army and the police. this is a developer of about $15 billion. and then, there are crosscutting issues, such as the narcotics issue and afghanistan that we also address. my job is in reference to corruption. as i report directly to the congress of the united states, my job is to ensure that the $51 billion that the united states has invested is being used for the purposes for which made

available by the american taxpayer so we can help. this is to carry out what we feel needs to be done, to advance to afghanistan and its people. i have were to with the ambassador, president karzai, ministers of the government of afghanistan, provincial leaders in afghanistan, with our own government of the united states and other nations, because this is a partnership that we are in support of, and so, we are going to continue our mission to do the best that we can to insure every -- ensure every taxpayer dollar, but also, at $51 billion being put forth, we want to make sure that is being used for the

benefit of afghanistan. thank you. >> thank you very much. . someone over there? >> i just arrived from afghanistan two days ago. it is a great privilege being here with such distinguished people. people. i have many depreciations. i have a question. he emphasized the issue --if you look to the scholarship programs that the united states provides for the afghans, each year we have 30 people maximum.

they get a chance to come and steady in the state. for the last seven or eight years, nothing has a changed since then. apart from that, you mentioned -- we talked about the "new york times" article. on the other hand, there are regulations within the united states and no u.s. government money can be spent on education. they cannot benefit from the americans. there is a lot to talk about it. nothing changed.

, to be affected that -- how much will be affected? there are problems like interferences. where can these two things meet together? thank you. >> thank you very much. i agree with you. there is a need to enhance the number of of the fulbright scholarships for afghans. afghans will tremendously benefit if we increase the number. our intention is to progress long term, for your scholarships. -- four-year scholarships. the number of the afghan student is significant. there is room to either bring more afghans through the program or other programs. what the foundation and 10 --

intend to do is bring more in. we have a mechanism to make sure of this. if they do not want to go back, they should pay for the amount of tuition they have received by the foundation or by any other institution. unfortunately, the issue a security constraints on americans visiting of guinness -- afghans, there are large number of them in the country. they go to see what is happening. they are reporting that we get from the media, and i have

talked with my friends at the congress. they get a briefing. they fly today from provinces and the challenges they face. i would really like the congress to go and sit down with the students. i would like them to sit down with the chamber of commerce. they can hear from a different type of problem. they can see the real afghanistan. if you sit down at the chamber of commerce, there will be complaining about dumping of products. all you hear is security and how many people are killed. the objective is to broaden the

spectrum and for people to be able to see the rule afghanistan that is out there. it will need some time. it'll take some changes on the procedures to allow americans to have more exposure to the afghan society. >> thank you. yes, sir? >> in your wonderful speech, you mentioned that the goal of afghanistan is building democracy and civil society. if you read articles in newspapers and analysis from the united states and other countries, they expressed some doubt about these goals being achievable. what do you think about this?

how realistic is it to build this kind of complicated democratic society? >> thank you. very good question. i do not expect the international community to come to afghanistan to build democracy in afghanistan. that is the part of the mission. the mission is to defeat terror and tieyranny. by its nature, if you want to prevent the return of the terror, you have to build a prolific society in afghanistan. that is what the afghan people demand and deserve. democracy may seem to be a fancy word now, but if an ordinary citizen in afghanistan or any

country wanted to go to bed with the police and had a chance for his wife to give birth without dying, this is what every human being demands and deserves. it could even be suggested that i can do not demand this sense of human security and a sense of having some basic services available to them by the government instead of hearing the government. therefore, -- fearing the government. therefore, we have no option but to allow the people of afghanistan to express their views and ideas in their own way. >> thank you. over on the left. >> my name is doug jackson. thank you for taking the time to share your thoughts this evening.

you mentioned the need for dialogue. along those lines, is lineskarzai coming to -- is president karzai coming in may and what can we expect? >> yes, he is coming to washington in may. it is scheduled for may 12 or around that date. it'll be a crucial visit. there will be new military operations taking place in afghanistan. we have a number of important conferences such as a couple conference -- a ckabul conference. that trip will be crucial. we look forward to that trip by our president. >> yes? >> from pakistan?

originally predict. >> thank you for your excellent presentation. let me state that i have a large number of younger then and when and -- men and women. we are very much in touch. the brief me about the political and other situations in afghanistan. what we were curious about was the processes of the liberalization. my students come from all groups in afghanistan.

despite their different backgrounds, they come together. we are very close. during one of our conversations, one said that the very term of afghanistan is now [inaudible] the gentlemen who argued said that the identity -- despite all of these things, which are the most important ingredients in

the nation building? what else? thank you. >> thank you very much. we are not building a nation in afghanistan. the afghan nation is 2000 years old. the afghan nation has been around for many years. a lot of our neighboring countries are younger than i am. the fact is that despite the fact that afghans live as refugees in neighboring countries, in the sense of nationhood becomes much stronger. i can tell you my personal experience. i know you are talking about one student. when we were drafting the new conditions of afghanistan, many ideas were debated. people from the countryside in

afghanistan were very much against it. they saw it as a way of possibly splitting the country. they were so adamant to make sure that we have a strong and unified government. the since the nation -- sense of nation is strong in afghanistan. we do not have a strong army like pakistan. -- to keep the country together. if the state of nationhood was weak, afghanistan would have been disintegrated way before the taliban came to the power. the ability to deliver services is limited. on the countryside, there is a lot of talk of an powering the local communities. on the countryside, those who hold the power are holding the

power from legitimate sources. guns, violence, oppositions with neighboring countries. there is a tendency in afghanistan to really stick together. to my surprise, to look into the central government, there were some disillusionment that the government was not there all the time. in the mind of the afghan people, they would like to have a strong sense of system. we have to change that gradually to empower the committees to do some in the development work. -- communities to do some of the development work. >> it is striking that no one proposed to suecede during the civil war fighting. it was a bloody civil war following the invasion. a large portion of the population was killed. there was no secession.

the first minute they could come the first minute they could come 5 million people chose a strong sense of ided it and i do not see that they propose to leave again. whatever we at three are the problems, they are there and they are committed to them. there in the back. >> i am from voice of america. we have nine hours of broadcast in the area. thank you very much for sharing your thoughts on what is going on in afghanistan. would elaborate on the message of president obama and his surprise visit to kabul, and the people of afghanistan are not comfortable with the military engagement of the united states

and the international community, but what they would like when they withdraw on the development side to be engaged? what are you hearing from the united states in the international community? this will obviously decide the future of afghanistan. the president had a 6 hour trip to afghanistan. he spent half of that with the afghan government and cabinet. we had a meeting with the president of afghanistan and selected high ranking members of the afghan government. they had an expensive dinner that included many cabinet members. the president asked about the progress in the area. they gave him a report about all these issues, including governance. we are grateful for president obama to take time to go to

afghanistan despite his busy schedule to visit the troops. also, to exchange views about the development in afghanistan. the military engagement, the objective, is to increase the responsibility and capability of the afghan security forces. we think this is the most sustainable solution. for the price of one -- there is no shortage of courage in afghanistan. there is a shortage of skills and resources. trainers are coming to afghans already. in the area of development, security without development is not sustainable.

we would like to invest in building the capacity of the afghan government to sustain itself. we are working with neighboring countries to develop afghanistan mining resources and others to generate large amounts of revenue for the government to be able to sustain the fiscal responsibility of the development in afghanistan. thank you. >> yes, please. >> i am from afghanistan. i have been raised in kansas. thank the ambassador for being here this evening and everyone who made this evening possible. a year-and-a-half ago, and moved to virginia. i have been very thirsty for any afghan projects here. unfortunately, i have not found too many.

there are to poetry clubs -- two poetry clubs that afghans have made that i am a part of. do you have any focus on the afghans that are here, uniting them and giving them projects to do here? >> thank you. yes, one thing that we are benefiting from is afghan center serving the embassy. -- that are serving the embassy. we do work with a number of afghan organizations such as sports and cultural events. we know that the potential for these afghans to do more is enormous. some of them have formed their own groups, smaller groups,

involved in business development and other areas. as i mentioned, and the services of the foundation is to really bring -- one of the purposes of the foundation is to really bring all these people together and bring a synergy and enhance these so the afghans to have a place to go. >> yes, please. in the front. >> i am an independent consultant. i have two questions with regard to the implications and goals of the foundation. the first is with regard to the taliban. there is a lot in the news about reconciliation. there is also a bu lot about wih whom. where is the television in the

future of the afghan government? when president obama announced the afghanistan surge in the withdrawal beginning in 2011, i see a lot of the news about concern among afghans about the u.s. leading. this is treating a lot of concern about fear they cannot depend on us. what are the implications of that? >> i suppose you could extend that to the whole region. >> certainly, there are after -- the afghan people demand peace. people are fed up. if you can imagine living in kabul and going about your normal life without worrying about a suicide bomber for a roadside bomb -- or a roadside bomb. it has been going on for too long. people do want an end to

violence. more work needs to be done to develop a national consensus on what is the price, to what extent. you have a conference coming up in may where it to be the primary focus on building a stronger national consensus and drawing lines on the limits of the concession that needs to be made. it should be in the frame work of afghanistan. i agree with you. i have been in touch with women's groups and others. they are concerned, especially women's groups.

they are worried, because so much has been achieved there. the people do not want it to have a u-turn to what it was before. >> in the far back. >> hello, i wanted to thank ambassador jawad for making himself available today. my question relates to a specific industry in afghanistan, which i think has the potential to be transformative. i ask you to comment brawly on what i view to be a revolution in communication and i want you to be the second order of fact for do -- of effects on different elements. >> would this fall within the purview of the foundation for afghanistan? >> i look forward to learning

more about the foundation. >> the first license we issued for communication went for half a million dollars. the first one the license 14 $40 billion. -- for $40 billion. some are almost worth almost $1 billion. there is a tremendous appreciation of value. they are using more telephone and mobile phones for this.

they are pulling a number and diving. it gives me a picture of a new afghanistan bor. it is old and trusted. >> you are not worried who he is calling. >> no, but the fact that he is using it. there is tremendous progress. what we tried to do and what we have established as a backbone of the internet and communication in afghanistan by laying fiber optics. there are playing down to make the internet more accessible and affordable. >> yes, please. >> hello, everyone. i think i am one of the rare

afghans here who has grown up there. this is my third day in the united states. i will definitely go back home. my question is mainly focused on the issue of reconciliation, which is now the burning question back home and even here. you kindly described the official standing of the government of afghanistan on whothe identity of taliban with whom you are going to reconcile or negotiate. could you kindly give a very clear andefinition of how your government defines taliban? secondly, you also mentioned

some very important concerns of afghan citizens, particularly about the constitution of afghanistan. up until now, what i can understand is that the constitution of afghanistan would remain unchanged under any situation between reconciliation talks. what would it mean if the taliban does not accept this? thank you very much. >> thank you. both of our speakers from afghanistan have just arrived. welcome. >> i am so proud to see young, cable afghans on this job. nothing makes you more proud of me see your own afghans. i have spoken at many universities.

the afghan students in kabul challenge me about my outreach program. i love it. this is the new afghanistan. there is the proficiency of english language. that is a very good question. it will be hard to know what to do with it. i think we are dealing with three types of taliban. first is the taliban with the capital "t." those are the members that have been affiliated with al qaeda and terrorist networks in the region for a long time. smucker, 5%, probably. 10% maximum.

with this group, what we should do is try to split them from al qaeda and from the intelligence agencies in the region that are supporting it. or we can eliminate it. there is no middle ground. the engagement should be two natured. you split them and bring them into the fold or fight them. if they do not split, it goes against everything they against everything they afghan you have another 30% of the taliban that are basically paycheck taliban -- militias. they're fighting because they are paid or they are fighting because they have been antagonized by our own government. they have complained about the

chief of police or our government. so the government does not deliver the services in the area of the way that it should be. or they have been antagonized by military operations, bombs, and we lost these people to the enemy. that group, the engagement we need with them is both political and financial. you have to give them assurance that if you come back, we will be able to serve you, no one is going to our rescue. that is a hard thing to do it, but this is the engagement that we should do there. now the remaining 50% of the taliban, they have been offered $300 a month and with 45% unemployment in afghanistan, close to 80% in the countryside -- there's nothing to do. so what that group -- so with

that group, we have to give them jobs. if you give them a job and restore their village in their orchards and vineyards, they have no reason to fight. that is the so-called integration. there is a lot of focus politically on the 10%. the others focus on the nine -- the '90s are. that is why it reconciliation is -- the '90s are. that is why the reconciliation is twofold. they came together somehow. >> thank you. we have time for a couple more

questions. >> i am from the embassy of pakistan. -- khazkistan. >> i have -- i have a couple of questions. i do appreciate and and think the world embraced this. the government pays very much attention on education. there is the importance of educating around 1000 students. it is around 50 million u.s. dollars. it is good. it is very good.

i think education is one of the best ways to reconstruct and revive the economy and bring the nation more stable. my question is here. what are the efforts of the acting - >> thank you very much. we appreciate your questions from he is a very good friend of

mine. we are very grateful. pakistan recently increased the number of the scholarships from 1000 to 2000. it is important for the stability of the region. we need to have more afghans at pakistani universities for these two nations to come together. these are very crucial. we will live in peace and prosperity. we will all pay a price for it. we are spending 6% of our revenue on education. that is the -- 60% of our revenue on education.

that is the highest. that is much larger than is spent on defense or anything else. >> i just arrived here from the embassy. welcome. you are very active on the first week here. >> i just completed two years of contract work. one of the challenges is that there are no certified accounting programs in afghanistan. you see the position to assist in locating funding for establishing accreditation. >> i know that it is costing afghan businesses. they cannot get it. we have worked with accounting firms even in florida to seek assistance.

that is an area that is very crucial. unless we developed that, they are way too expensive for actions to be able to pay. he established an accounting academy to build this capacity. >> ladies and gentlemen, i want to ask you to join me in thanking ambassador jawad forgiving as this report on establishing a foundation for afghanistan -- for giving us this report on establishing a foundation for afghanistan. also, particularly, the board of trustees and general field. if i may offer a quick comment.

general fields made a point about the amount of expenditure there. it is a very substantial sum. there is a presumption that i sense in the country the we have never done anything on this scale. this is somehow leading a strike. it is too much. -- belieleeding us dry. it is too much. if you take 2001 through 2010, in no year did it otherwise equal the amount that we were spending non-military expenditure. it was a long time. i was not speaking about taiwan. i am not speaking about japan. i am not speaking about germany. i wonder if we are not deluding

ourselves, having convinced ourselves that this is some reckless and unprecedented expenditure that our culture has changed. something that we considered a normal expenditure if you want to do the job right. the what is done on the quick and cheap. -- we want it done on the quick and cheap. i want to suggest that the money that this foundation for afghanistan is going to command, no matter how energetic the trustees are, it is going to have limited resources. you might reasonably ask, after hearing the ambassador go on, can an entity which is only dealing in millions and hundreds of millions -- can it had a real impact on the ground?

i want to say the green revolution in india in the 1950's and 1960's, before the foundation had a lot of people there and was spending a lot of money, in relation to the scale of india it was a drop in the bucket what they were doing. in the long run, the foundation brought about the green revolution, transforming life. why? they were strategic. they did not just read the money around. -- sprouted the money around. it does not take vast amount of money. it is clever people who are looking deeper and broader. let me add one further issue.

running through this entire conversation and everything you hear in washington this week or in the national press this month is one big word of corruption. nothing will work there. they do not get it. you are throwing money down a well. we have heard citations of very recent statements of high officials if you have a pretty

officials. if you have a few hundred dollars a month, -- high officials. if you had a few hundred dollars a month, forget about the officials that have much less. you happen to have a wife and three kids. you have to eat. meanwhile, it turns out, and this is the entire international community, focused entirely on government organizations outside the government who did not focus at all on building effective local institutions o. it is an emphasis in haiti, working outside organs the government.

-- on not working outside or against the government. it seems to me that we helped build this corruption by our neglected government institutions. we should not be the ones leading the complaint. we need a longer view. that is my final point. he is talking way beyond strategy. i did not hear about any exit strategy with regard to the foundation for a cannon -- with in regard to the foundation for afghanistan. this is like breathing pure oxygen. this is exciting. this creates hope.

hope to create positive realities. they do not want a foundation for afghanistan that has an exit strategy. they want a foundation for afghanistan that will be supported worldwide that will be there 10 years from now and 100 years from now. i want to join all of you in wishing this entire enterprise enormous success. >> thank you very much. one final remark. i apologize for the time. i have tremendous respect for the work they are doing in afghanistan. they are listening to the afghans. we have issues. we have to work together. it is a good example of the excellent work they are developing. on the issue of correakorea, its

state building. the difference of the approach that relate exactly to the ideals of the foundation is that the way you do it in correa -- korea, is that he the united states and a lot of money on building the leadership first. in korea, bill the corner office and then the army. -- you first build the corner office and then you build the army. if you trained, there is not enough incentive. they need to make these functional otherwise the money will be wasted. on the salary, if you are an ethical person, you will not be corrupt. if the offer $70 to a police officer, you expect to find al

qaeda criminals. who's going to show up? he is going to be using that uniform to make money. he could make $500. it recently increased to $240. they make $5 per hour. we have to pay better in order to attract better people. otherwise, they have other options. he is looking forward to working with the afghan people. they should be treated as such. the investment to make in korea is important to the stability of the region. the afghan people have the same

potential in the long run. if you look at korea and the lack of literacy and sources, it is worse than what afghanistan was. thank you. thank you. >> thank you, ambassador. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010]

>> up next on c-span, our interview with the white house national drug control policy director. a discussion about government regulation of new technology, then a speech by jordan's ambassador to the un, followed by "washington journal." tomorrow morning, the carnegie endowment for international peace holds a discussion about discussions with russia,

including a revised start treaty and reducing the nuclear stockpile. our live coverage begins at 10:00 a.m. eastern here on c- span. the treaty is expected to be signed next week in prague and then will need senate approval. >> this week, john dean is our guest on "in debt." he has an updated edition of "blind ambition." we will take your telephone calls on booktv. >> now our interview with the plight house national drug control policy director, gil kerlikowske, in the post since last may. from wednesday's "washington journal," this is 45 minutes. journal" continues. host: with us is gil kerlikowske, director of office

of drug control strategy. what is the big problem these days? reisch guest: now we are watching closely prescription drugs. there are not coming across the border but coming out of medicine cabinets. we see an initiation rite of young people through prescription drugs. in fact, seven out of the 10 drug abuse by children right now are prescription drugs. we are looking at that closely. it is also driving the spike of overdoses an overdose deaths. host: how you tackle that? guest: one thing about the prescription drug issue is it can be prevented. if we educate parents and adults about what is in the medicine cabinets and how to be more aware of what is in the medics -- medicine cabinet, that is important. and also educating kids to think that prescription drugs are safe because they say, gee, it is a prescription, i'm not buying it from behind a gas station, out of a piece of tinfoil, yet the drugs are very, very dangerous.

host: take a step back and talk more about drug control strategy. your report is imminent and a couple of weeks. can you give us a preview? guest: the obama administration is looking at treating addiction as a disease, recognizing that the drug problem is not just a public safety problem but also very clearly a public health problem. if we really wrap public health and other entities into this issue and deal with this in a balanced way, we have the potential to be much more effective on the drug problem. host: what does it mean treating it as a disease when you get down to the states and localities? guest: prevention programs. we learned a lot in the past 10 years that prevention programs work but they can't be dictated by washington, d.c., and not developed in the beltway. they have to be localized and regionalize. we have a proposal and the 2011

budget, working with federally qualified health centers, to much more engaged local communities and prevention programs. host: phone numbers at the bottom of the screen as we talk about the obama administration's drug control strategy. a separate lines for democrats, republicans, and independence. a little bit about our guest who has been in office since may. the first trip to "washington journal." gil kerlikowske is from florida, educated at the university of south florida. served in u.s. army, say. as burke, florida, police department, chief of police at port st. lucie, and fort pierce, was police commissioner in buffalo, new york, and just under 10 years in seattle as chief of police before taking this job. what is the biggest myth out there as we talk about the drug issue? guest: i think the biggest myth is people can recover. because it is not talked about

widely. but i have meant literally dozens of people, particularly people addicted to methamphetamines, that have fully recovered, are back with their families -- they are in their neighborhoods back working, back paying taxes. treatment is about one-half of the cost of incarceration. host: does the new health-care law address and cover that area? guest: it helps a lot. substance abuse is talked about in this legislation. about 32 million people will be brought into the fold. more importantly, it grabs treatment and addiction to primary health instead of some separate standalone issue. also it covers young people up to the age of 26. we know that age group can be very vulnerable. the more important part of it is, if people get help, intervention earlier -- early, it is more effective and far less expensive. i think that talk of a lot about

prevention. host: what are your tools and the office? what is the budget and how much money? guest: the request is 13% increase in prevention. we have a very small office. we are just a policy shop. what we actually do is court made all the federal agencies involved. department of justice, health and human services, etc. -- so they can all be brought together in a coordinated, synchronized way to deal with the drug problem. host: ron, democrat, eagle river, wisconsin. caller: i would like to know what the administration's policy will be a -- if the state of california goes ahead and legalize marijuana -- marijuana for the use of adults in their own personal homes. and with other states getting in line with the same policies,

what will the administration do and what will the federal government's policy be as far as legalization of marijuana? guest: it is a little premature to talk about what the federal government will do if california action the passes their ballot initiative. certainly marijuana by lights the controlled substances act, the federal regulations, and the department of justice, the federal government is committed to enforcing the controlled substances act, particularly against significant traffickers, given the finite resources within law enforcement. but they add to speculate then about what the federal government would do if in fact california passed that. it is just a bit too early. host: how widespread is marijuana use and what is the impact? guest: it is the number one cash crop from the cartels. we know also when we look at

voluntary calls for hot lines, people will say, look, i'm having a problem with a drug -- in my own state in washington, back in seattle, the number one called for substance abuse was marijuana dependency. host: new york. tyrone, independent. welcome. caller: it is about time someone recognizes the problem of the drug problem we have pared 13% going for cretan it -- treatment is a start. but i think you will be pushing it up a little higher in the near future. these people are sick. it is an illness. anybody who has anybody who has a drug problem knows that it is a sickness. you can't lock them up. you have to treat them. thank you very much, and have a great day. guest: the caller made a very good statement. looking at the drug problem as both public health and public safety. most of my colleagues, police

chiefs around the country, have talked a lot about saying, look, we cannot rest are way out of the problem. they look at treatment and prevention as key components. host: missouri. dan, republican. caller: my concern is, i am a baby boomers. you know, what we did was more or less became a religion. we really believed in what we were doing. what i see now is there is a lot of anger. there are a lot of people in pain out here that are getting older and they have a campaigns, and we can't even deal with that once we admitted we have had a problem in the past. and doctors are abusive parent we -- abusive. we are locking people up better nonviolent offenders. we are making billions of dollars off of it. it is not the states locking people up -- it is private concerns making big money.

to me, it is so abusive to treat human beings that have real pain and problems and are trying to deal with life on life's terms. this is a way to do it. we are just a creature appeared and that -- this is just a creature. one way to deal with life's turnips. i will let it go. i just appreciate being here. god bless you. guest: people do self medicate. and we know that in the med school, doctors cannot get a huge amount of training when it comes to either pain management or to treating addiction. so, we are working with doctors. we are working with the joint commission on hospitals and others sell more of this information can be given to those over 800,000 physicians. there is another important tool -- screening, brief, intervention, referral, treatment. people trust and like their health care professionals. and if you go in to see one of

them for whatever reason, and that health care professional asks you confidential questions about your alcohol and drug use, they can actually make a very quick assessment as to whether or not you may need some additional help. if you do need some additional help and it is done early and active low level, what a difference it could make in not only cost savings and containment, but what a difference in a person's life. host: take a deeper into the schools and what the report is likely to say about influencing their actions. guest: we worked very closely with the department of education. i met with secretary duncan and a lot of other people. when we know how important it is to keep kids in school -- whether it is through making sure that the teachers and curriculum and all of these things which the department of education is so focused on -- we also know keeping kids off drugs is important to a good education and also a prepared

work force in the future. we know just trying to inoculate a child with a short class on why they should not be involved with drugs is not effective. but if it comes from the schools, the parents of the care givers, it comes from the neighborhood and from the face based community, it is a holistic and continue on, we know it can be effective. host: what kinds of drugs are you dealing with in the schools these days? guest: certainly alcohol, and the age drinking by young people is a concern. marijuana use. but als host: on the democrat wind. -- line. caller: the police chief and st. caller: the police chief and st. petersburg, there are hundr