are not a whole lot of competitive races in the state of new york. so, i can't comment on that. my gut feeling is that in fact the mets would probably be more republican than the yankees. host: why? guest: simply because of the long island thing. the yankees fan would be more of the urban population base of new york city, whereas the mets playing in the shea stadium on long island would have a stronger following, a more republican long island population. host: sam in atlanta, independent line. talking about sports fans and party identity. caller: good morning. two little statements. i think it is always appropriate for a little prayer

before sports events. and i also think that like race car and horse riding -- i have courses. -- horses. it is an expensive thing and might lean republican. it is always a good thing for people to be active in sports. host: if you are watching the kentucky derby, what are you? guest: horse racing -- the audience for horse racing is more democratic. the audience for rodeo is more republican. host:, according to the bar chart, if you're watching the kentucky derby it looks like you are more republican than democrat. guest: kentucky derby is a big

event sport, and those are sort of in a different category. you will have at the evens, for example, when opened or horse racing -- will attract people who are not day to day fans of the sport. host: let us say the race is tied between canada it x and y and you are looking for independent voters -- candidate x and y and you are looking for independent voters. and you are advertising and sports. where do you go? guest: at that point you would put more money on the sport toward the middle of the scale. major league baseball, college basketball, and you might start looking at some of the lower turned out sports -- lower turn- out sports. as you get to october and you

are trying to reach voters who may or may not vote. there may be some niche advertising in some of the smaller, lower turn-out sports. host: drag racing, motocross, monster trucks? guest: i did not know if i would go as far as motocross or monster trucks. one good way to find sports fans, is you don't need to be actually in the sporting even. if you could be on espn, for example, or if you are buying local news, to try to get the station to run your spot in the sports segment of the program. because of sports fans know when the sports is going to come on during a broadcast and they tend to tune in to those shows at the time. host: you also look at the entire tv audience and you say audiences of most tv program formats skewed democratic. guest: yes.

host: you see this chart. the democrats in the blue, republicans in the red. here is the center. to the right is republicans, left, democrats. if you watch of the local evening news, chances are you are a democrat. guest: it is a problem for republican candidates. democrats who vote spend more time with television that republicans. it varies from market to markets, but you will see the difference -- sort of in the 15%, to 25% range for democrats consuming more television than republicans. host: but of all sports and religious broadcasting is on republican side and a national network news you have down as republican and very high turnout. guest: it is. the problem there of course is,

if you are a local market advertiser, there are no spots available for example in nbc nightly news. host: there are no spots available? guest: unless you went and bought the network -- or you can try to get a spot in the brake before the news or right after the news. that national news bubble also would include cable news network's. host: you cannot buy on cnn or msnbc? guest: you can buy a locally inserted spot on fox or cnn. that is a whole different bubble chart. the fox audience is republican but what people don't know is that the cnn and msnbc audiences are just as democratic as the fox audience is republican.

host: jacksonville, florida. republican line. caller: and the variables that you are talking about with sports, and the relationship to political parties, can you also talk about the income levels related to those sports and the political parties? also, of volunteerism on the part of people that you are looking at for those sports and political parties? can you do that? and also possibly some other variables that could come out of this? guest: some other variables being km -- host: why don't you start with the income issue? guest: yes. if you look at the relationship between the in, and party id -- income a party id, republican

party identification it increases as income increases. once again to a certain level, it flattens out. the same thing is true with education geared more educated people are more likely to be republican but when you start looking at people with, for example, postgraduate degrees, it turns back democratic. host: what about people with postgraduate degrees and what sports they like? do you go that far in your research? guest: i have not gone that far. host: who wanted the research? guest: nobody asked for it. this is something we have been doing for several years. it is for behind the scenes on behalf of our clients. and a lot of people were interested in it so we decided to go ahead and put it altogether in this paper. host: does it hurt your business to put this out publicly now? you know, commercial buyer x

could use your research. guest: again, to actually use the research, the bubble chart is good but if you want to actually use the research in a campaign you would have to look at the sample and all of these individual markets. host: do the markets vary from new york to pittsburgh -- guest: definitely. there is a table in the report where we rank markets in their interest in sports. for example, college basketball, the number one markets in the country are in the kentucky. louisville and lexington. then you have north carolina -- greensboro and raleigh. and kansas. host: but again, would you say out of those five markets -- you have on the bubble chart that college basketball fans tend republican in high turnout. would you say all five of those markets are republican? guest: know.

it is not really the market, it is the fans in that market compared to the whole market. so when we are looking at -- if we are in a market, buying time, we want to compare the audience for a sport to the over all adult population. >> tweets in -- willie in annapolis, maryland. caller: i am hearing the job of talking about the different sports and it seems like he is leaning more toward republicans. i could understand that. but what i am very confused as an african-american is why is he saying college basketball, nfl, and sports like -- in general. because i know a lot of sporting

events when i go to, most black people, when they look at these -- sports they are focused on it, like college basketball and nba. host: so what is your point? caller: i cannot understand -- both minorities are in the democratic party but it seems like means toward republicans. guest: i myself am a republican. i am simply analyzing what 220,000 americans tell me. this is not really my opinion. this is what america is saying about what they enjoy it and what their party id is. host: kansas, independent line boardwalk. caller: it is galinas, please. fine. i want to thank c-span. i have a question for mr. feltus, please? have you ever considered doing a

poll on how many of our legislatures and senators actually watch washington journal so they may gain better insight into what the people of this country are saying? i don't care about professional sports. high school, yes. it is a bunch of kids out there having fun. they are not making millions of dollars. host: do you get a lot of politicians at the high-school sporting events? caller: very, very few. host: what is your comfort level of politicians showing up at sporting events? caller: i am there to watch the game. i am sorry but i have no problem with it. i supported a gentleman who was elected senator this past year and we went to several football games, -- host: did he go there to meet voters. caller: meeting and greed. -- meet and greet.

guest: i think high school sports is something campaigns overlooked because it is not broadcast on television. but a lot of high school events are on radio, which is a good advertising opportunity. but you can send your volunteers to the high-school sporting events and have them his adult literature and show the flag for your candidate. host: riverdale, maryland, can on independent line. caller: i just had to call in because i feel like i missed the boat in these polls, that is why i don't like poles. i am an american who happens to be black. i support the second amendment, the death penalty, i like nascar, i am an independent -- i like football, college and pro, college basketball, i even watch hockey. but i wanted to ask your guest,

what percentage -- i just feel like i'm left out in some of these polls. host: you are calling on the independent line. have you ever voted republican? caller: yes, i have. host: so maybe you are not being left out. caller: i tend to think i am more of an independent than republican. i tend to both candidates or issues as opposed to candidate. it host: majority democratic or republican? caller: it has been about -- i would say a little majority democratic. host: all right, thanks. mr. feltus, how the analyzed that? guest: ken -- again, when we analyze these polls. it as a pollster, i don't like polls to much myself. but we are looking for

tendencies. there are exceptions. light ken -- like ken, he enjoys the sports that have largely republican audience just like james carville on cnn the other night. host: brownsville, texas. democrat, howard. talking about sports fans and party identity. caller: my name is albert. yes, i'm a fan of professional baseball, football, basketball, college sports as well, and a professional boxing. tennis at times. one thing that has bothered me in the past several years -- increasing commercialization of professional sports. the fact that professional sports stadiums are being named

after corporations. the most notable being enron stadium -- the one that i can think of. was my favorite baseball team. as i have seen the trend it affected my allegiance to sports in some way and maybe that was taken into account in the polling. guest: i really have no information on the caller's concerns about the commercialization of sports. but it is a business. and the salaries are high and owners of the team have to be able to pay their players and overhead and still make a little money.

host: two closing questions. number one, looking at the audience of most two programs, if a politician advertises on music videos, is he or she wasting their money? guest: yes, they are paired they don't vote. the audience is young girl -- yes, they are. they don't to vote. the audience is young girl. that is why mtv's campaigns, rock the boat, are aimed at increasing turnout among their audience. host: number two, in the world of ad buying and placing politicians on their way, how much has it changed in the last three years given all the different platforms and how much will it change in this next cycle? guest: the audience is becoming so much more fragmented than it

used today. back in 1980's, the three major broadcast networks probably still control 70%, to 80%, of the audience. now it is much more fragmented. so, it takes a lot more work and thought to put together a media plan. so, you see more money moving into radio and cable and now also the internet. host: will feltus with national media, senior vice president for research and planning. thank you for coming on a "washington journal" talking about sports fans and party identity. and as the health care bill becomes law, we will talk next with julie appleby from kaiser health news about some of the

immediate implementation is. first, a news update. >> president obama, in remarks this morning on cbs's "the early show" said he did a full-court press for a health care system remake because, in his words, "this country was going to go bankrupt." he went on to say that he is not worried if his public approval ratings may fall because of was the right thing to do. he added if you tried to do the right thing, over time the politics work out. today the president talks job creation at a north carolina company that received grants from the economic stimulus program. this ahead of today's release of jobs figures. economists expect the labor department report to show gains and it would be only the second monthly jobs gain since december of 2007. increase is expected it might not be enough to bring down the unemployment rate. homeland security secretary janet napolitano toward the

flood areas in rhode island today, amid calls from state officials for emergency federal aid. it would island has experienced the worst flooding in 200 years. it closed shopping malls, small businesses. those are the latest headlines on c-span radio. and as the monthly employment numbers come out this morning, president obama heads to charlotte, north carolina, to visit a lithium ion battery prop -- glad that it also issued a press says hired workers from the stimulus. we will have live coverage of the president's comments here on c-span. also today, daniel benjamin, the state department coordinator for counterterrorism will talk about the administration's efforts. he is speaking of the wilson center live at noon eastern on c-span2. >> this weekend on c-span2's "book tv," from the virginia festival of the book, on the

best-selling "immortal life of henriette lax." president reagan's ambassador to the u.s.s.r. on the gorbachev's role in bringing down the soviet empire. princeton university professor on inventing the idea of a white race, it in the history of white people. find the entire weekend schedule at book tv.org and follow us on twitter. >> "washington journal" continues. host: julie appleby of kaiser health news. the health-care bill has been passed and signed. when does it take effect? guest: a very good question. parts of it take effect this year. the majority of it, the big things people heard about, are probably a little further out, 2014 -- the federal subsidies to help you buy coverage, the exchanges where you will go to buy coverage, the in --

requirement insurers not -- people who have pre consisting conditions. host: pre-existing does not take effect until then? guest: there is one area where it does, that is children under 19 with a pre-existing medical condition. remember, there was a bit of a flap about that last week. does the law say you can't reject children under 19 or you just can't exclude coverage of their condition? there was some back and forth and the law was not real clear, according to a lot of the policy wonks. but at the end of the day, the health and human services secretary has written to the insurer's and said we want you to coverage kids under -- kids under 19, with pre-existing conditions, you can reject it and said they will follow what the law says. that is one of the changes that take effect this year. host: what else takes effect this year? guest: about a dozen -- maybe more than a dozen. three big ones outside the realm of insurance and the number of changes to insurance.

the kids under 19, and also they are doing things for the so- called don't hold for medicare, a little bit of money for that. host: are they close in the hole completely this year? guest: this year if you hit them donought hole -- you spend a certain amount of money, i think $2,800, and after you hit the $2,800 of total drug caused the beneficiary pays 100% until the region of the number. in that do not poll, if you hit it, you get a $250 rebate -- in that donought hold. then a 50% discount. over time, they will shrink that -- ultimately end up paying 25% of the cost for all drugs and you are in the gap. host: the numbers are on the

screen. we are talking about the immediate affects of the health care bill. allow 30 days between your calls. guest: a high risk pools -- folks who are medically uninsured, they will be able to presumably by coverage once they are set up. they are supposed to do that within 90 days. host: uninsured people who have a medical condition that kept them from getting coverage. bonn -- some are closed and have restrictions. only 200,000 people in this country are currently in a high risk pool. this will set aside $5 billion to create these pools everywhere. host: how many people do they think could potentially be in these polls? guest: that is hard to say. i really don't know. it could be several million people. i think a lot of these things

happening in the first couple of years of fact -- i don't want to say a narrow swath, but not everybody. certainly the donut hall, 4 million people hit that every year according to statistics. high risk pool, there are certainly a lot of people were rejected -- that is the second big change. a third change is the tax credits for small businesses that offer coverage. if you have 25 or fewer employees, and they earn an average of $50,000 a year or less, you could qualify -- and you offer insurance now -- you can qualify for up to 35% subsidy to help you buy the coverage for your workers. host: what if you are a small business that does not offer insurance? guest: you don't get the credit. if you start, you could probably get the credit. the president was speaking about this yesterday and he was hitting on this, the small business and go.

so -- there are a number of changes to the insurance. they go into effect six months after enactment. after the day your policy renews six month after enactment. for some people in their jobs, it will happen this year -- you know when you sign up for insurance coverage it is usually january through the end of the year, or for some people, middle of the year, open enrollment. for a lot of people these changes may not happen until january 1, 2011. no more lifetime caps. this is where -- you might have an insurance policy and it says, we will cover up to a million dollars or $2 million, and that's it. those are going to be gone. they are more common, i think, in insurance that people by themselves in individual market rather than what employers often. but some employer plans to have the caps. in fact, i was looking at a survey the other day by the kaiser family foundation, employer survey, and something like 43% of covered workers,

those who have insurance, have a cap of $2 million or more. those will be gone. there will be restrictions on its annual dollar limits. some insurance plans -- we will only spend x and not a year on chemotherapy or this or that. the hhs secretary is going to draw up a list of what are the essential benefits that have to be in a package and then say where those annual limits can be said. so there is a lot of work for the secretary. a lot of these will happen with regulations. host: is that how the legislation is written, as the hhs secretary will determine -- guest: essential benefits package -- package and what restrictions on a dollar limit. host: gary, democrat, dallas, texas. you are on with julie appleby from kaiser health news.

caller: how are you? good. c-span, this is a great show today. you need to have more people on like this. i don't want to be cut off, because this is very important. let me ask you a question. i don't have insurance on my job. my wife works for a large medical firm, they have like 600 physicians there. she can't afford their insurance. we also have our own business, a small business. so, we don't have insurance within that. my point is that, does this affect how her company would price her policy for her at her job since it was so expensive to most of the employees there? also, with our business, we have 12 employees.

would we be able to afford coverage if we decide to buy a policy? host: julie appleby, do you have any questions from what he said? guest: do you know if your wife's insurance plan, how much of a percentage of income? you don't have to answer that on the air. but under the law -- an excellent this will not take effect until 2014 -- she made a bold -- may be able to buy insurance on the exchange but it has to being as buying the policy through her employer would cost more than, i believe, at 8% or 9% of income. it is more than a certain percentage of the income she may be able to go on the exchange. and may qualify for subsidies. if not, she does have to stick with her employer policy. for you, it sounds like a of a small business so you might want to look like how much this would cost and whether the tax credit will help you. that starts this year. guest: how -- the line caller:

how will i find out? guest: the president said within a month it will put out information on how to apply for the credit. if you need to look at the company right now and look at restrictions. you have 12 employees, so you will have to look at the 12 employees and with average salaries are and have the below $50,000. you have to pay at least -- i think half the cost of insurance policy for your workers. caller: do you know if they have to be full-time employees? they are contract. guest: that i don't know. i am not at that level of detail. host: why don't you offer health insurance? caller: it is a new business. we open did about 30 days ago. most of these people -- i don't know if you know much about the beauty industry, but they are mostly contractor people. they work commission. they are not hourly employees. host: have you looked at the cost of health insurance and how much it would cost you as an empl