does the united states use every day? guest: about 20 million barrels. now this 19.5 billion debt barrels a day. -- million barrels a day. host: how much as a push for smaller cars? guest: it will take a while for the vehicle fleet to turn over. people have gone out to buy a new car. many are going to buy more fuel- efficient vehicles. that is part of it. we will get more fuel efficiency moving forward. our industry is all for efficiency. i think it is a good idea. we are really happy to conserve as much as began for america. host:jesse houston.

caller: i like to thank you for pointing out that there is more oil lost in certain activities. it will leak out anyway. i want to ask about the north sea, there are platforms, several platforms and then pipes running through the ocean where they collect the oil. and then they collected right off the platform. .

have a right to drill? and how far out is china able to drill? is the international boundary at 12 or 20 miles and anything beyond that china can drill? host: we got the point. thanks. guest: i think it has to do with how far out geologically the continental shelf goes. so that can vary along the coast. foreign companies can't just come in and drill in our waters, but they can come in with contracts, they can partner with us. and we do have partners in the

gulf of mexico. it is hard for us to think of these companies as far, but bp and shell, for example, are european. we know china is out there partnering all over the world, trying to bring new resources and have those developed for their countries. it is an international market. and it is going to be even more so moving forward, i think. host: marty, a democrat, gainesville, florida. caller: i just had a couple of quick questions for your guests. first of all, when we look at the maps, on the eastern coast of florida, the area where drilling is going to be permissible, looked a lot closer than the 125 miles off the west coast of florida. i'm wondering, is that just a graphics problem or if the drilling on the east coast will be closer to florida's coastline that is what is going to be done

in the gulf of mexico? the second question i had is, if a significant spill does occur, will the oil companies be responsible for the cleanup or will the taxpayers? guest: the oil companies absolutely. the map just maybe a graphical -- it may be just the way it is drawn because the boundary is 125 miles on the east coast of florida. host: acting marty was referring to this a new patch that was open -- guest: it used to be wider, it went out to 235 miles at one point. started 125 and went to the bottom of the map, to 235, so they carved the extra sentiment out into the gulf adjacent to operations already happening. but it still leaves florida with an entire 125 border. you are right about the shift. host: is this also won 25 over

here in the gulf? guest: i believe so. >> this is 125. guest: supposed to be 125, and cut off at alabama, i think, louisiana. guest: this map, by the way, it is from "the new york times." eunice, louisiana. go ahead. caller: i have been in the energy business since 1968. guest: wow. caller: started off in the 1970's's -- to address concerns about skills and what have you in the gulf of mexico and the federal register. in 1970 oc -- it was a quarter inch thick and regulations and today we have 14 volumes about one-inch thick. to address the concerns, from this guy in indiana, saying for oil spills and what have you --

we had katrina, we had ivan, gustave, all of these hurricanes coming through the gulf with very minimal amount of skill. wheat did not hear that in the national media. we were very concerned about that and we found out that all of our safety systems adequately worked and worked well. guest: you guys did a terrific job, you really did, in very difficult circumstances. personally and professionally. each co -- host: allen, clearwater, florida. caller: i want to talk about refineries. i have a question and suggestion. the question is -- first of all, i remember there is a program, i did not know how long ago, maybe a year or so, talking about in order to lower the prices we needed more refineries. and the gas companies just cannot build a new refineries. and because of this, we are not going to see any difference at the pump. we are just giving more and more assets to the oil companies.

guest: i don't know where that idea started. but it is very prevalent. it is not true. you can easily check it out by just tracking prices. but the truth is, we do have a lot fewer refineries in the united states that we did in the past. we have not had a new one built since 1976. absolutely true. what has happened is, we have built capacity at existing plants. so, even as the number of refineries declined, a lot were little, inefficient refineries, that were there because they were subsidized by some government program earlier on. but we are able to continually improve and increase how much we refine. so we are refining about 17.6, 17.7 million barrels a day of oil here in the united states. it is an international market, not just for the crew, but the products. the rest of us -- get a lot from

europe because europeans use a lot of these also their refineries can afford the transport cost and they can give us the gasoline that they don't need and use. that primarily comes into the northeast. nine times out of 10, when you are looking at price movements -- and i track this. we look at this every single day. you can plot it on a graph. we have it on charts. i would love to share it. you can see that it is the price of crude that is moving it and it goes really in lockstep -- crude goes up 20 cents, gasoline goes up, it goes down 20 cents, gasoline. every once in awhile there will be a major, major events, like the hurricanes in the gulf of mexico, knocked out about 27% of u.s. refinery capacity overnight. and that had an impact on prices. not only crude went up but refining price went up. it went up to draw supplies from around the world to the youth of

this market. if the price had not gone up, it really would have been a catastrophe for us. so the market works. it continually adjust. normally when you look at the price of the pump, here is what you should do. assume about 47 cents, 48 cents is for taxes alone. it depends where you are but that is the average. assume another 50 cents or so to refine it, transported, retail it. that is the entire amount spent. in terms of profits, the profits on every dollar you spend at the pump, averaging about in a bowl. i think the latest estimates, 4 cents, to 5 cents. and that is shared between producers, refiners, and the retailers. so, no, it is a mistake to think it is refineries moving the price. they are having a rough time and they are an industry where it has been hard to compete for a variety of reasons. host: should there be more refineries in the u.s.? guest: if we could get more production going, sure, why not?

if we get a significant amount. because of this recession, they are operating about 80% capacity. there have been times in the past where they were up to 90% or 95%. so, we have a lot of wiggle room and we're not worried about that. host: paul, republican, you are on with rayola dougher from the american petroleum institute. caller: my question is basically that the difference between exploration and drilling. do you have a sharon since -- assurances these areas open for exploration will let you draw along? guest: it is a cooperative process. we can't do it thing without the government. we have 17 major permits you have to get to get a break out there. you have to have environmental impact statements, you have to have everybody looking at it, approving it, monitoring it. that is just the permitting.

then you have to meet 90 different sets of regulations. an earlier guest talked about, he was in the business since 1968, volume, volume of regulations, safety by -- devices. it is a well-regulated process. host: spring lake, south carolina, barry, a democrat. caller: i am a little disappointed from obama. whenever he gets elected he runs on one platform and then it seems to be he totally backed up and went into a whole nother direction. i wonder if there are other forces at work that are sitting there pressuring him into doing things he doesn't want to do, because he is doing just everything opposite from what he was going to do to start with. guest: i think he is looking at the big picture. i think he is looking at all the

energy american needs. i think he is looking at how long it will take us to replace different types of technology we use. a lot of folks would love it if we could run all of our b nichols on solar, but we can't. we can't get there overnight. we have opportunities available to us that will bring real jobs, opportunities for america. i have to think he is looking at the broad picture and doing what he can. and we have to look at -- the glass is half full, and move forward to bring the jobs and revenue here. the energy we will need -- we have a choice. we can continue to import, and we can move forward. acting with a moving forward and all directions. moving forward in energy efficiency, investment in renewals. it will just take some time to get to that vision -- that you may have over the energy future. host: the last call for rayola dougher comes from kentucky.

bob on independent line. caller: i would like to know why the congress and the president does not look at the oil companies -- they sell 75% of their product on the market, 25% comes into the country here. i have worked in about 18 foreign countries, 40 something year, 43 years, and every country that i have been in reserves and off for their own use before they sell it. guest: crude, as you know, is a global commodity -- it is bought and sold every day. and if it makes sense to export a barrel somewhere, it will be exported. but i tell you, there are

operations, a lot of them are in alaska, gulf of mexico -- we will not ship that to another country. we have refineries in the gulf. we are processing the crude we are producing their, it makes economic sense to process it there. so, while there is some trade back and forth it is not as large as you think in terms of our producing here and exporting abroad. it really makes no difference in the and in terms of economics. host: rayola dougher from the american petroleum institute. as always, thank you for common to the washington journal." 45 minutes left this morning new unemployment numbers. payrolls rise 162,000, best gain in three years. gregory robb from market watched.com will be here shortly to talk about the numbers. >> the president talked about jobs today in north carolina. you can hear him live on c-span radio just before noon. earlier today the president in

an interview on "nearly show" talked about jobs and other issues, including iran, where he remarked united states will continue to, in his words, ratchet up the pressure on iran, to reveal its nuclear intentions. despite all the evidence, he indicates tehran is trying to build a nuclear weapons could ability and control -- trigger an arms race in the middle east. police officials across america are warning an anti-government group called to remove dozens of sitting governors may encourage others to act out violently. a federal intelligent note says more than 30 governors received letters demanding that they leave office within three days or they will be removed. the group that called itself the guardians of the free republic said on its web site that they have a plan to restore america by peacefully dismantling parts of the government. changes and traveler screening begin next month -- this month. an announcement by homeland security secretary general but todd -- janet napolitano,

outlines a new layer of security that will use real-time thread- based intelligent for all flights entering the united states. a person will be stopped if he or she matches the description, even if officials don't have a suspect's name. the change is a result of a review ordered by president obama following december 25 attempted bombing of an airliner over detroit. and those are the latest headlines on c-span radio. >> as the monthly and phone numbers come out, president obama heads to charlotte, north carolina, to visit a lithium ion battery plant that the associated press says hire new workers from money from the economic stimulus. we will have the president's comments just before noon eastern, 11:55 a.m. here on c- span. also today, daniel benjamin, states department were needed for counterterrorism, will talk about the administration's efforts. he is speaking at the wilson center live at noon eastern on c-span2. >> of the minute that the wall

street firms were in the business of harvesting middle- class and lower middle class americans for their home equity value and making loans to them against it, there was a natural risk of abuse. >> sunday, michael lewis on the subprime mortgage crisis. his latest is "the big short." also the author of "the blindside," it which was the basis for the movie starring sandra bullock. >> this weekend, john dean is our guest on book tv's "in- depth." former white house counsel to president nixon and author of 10 books, including an updated edition of "blind ambition." will take your phone calls, e- mails -- sunday on book tv. >> "washington journal" continues. >> greg robb, here is your

headline story. apparel's what -- rise 162,000, best gain in three years. including census workers, you put this payrolls rise by 114,000 in march. analyze that, please. guest: march unemployment numbers came out this morning and they were about in line with expectations. it is good news, relatively speaking, for the economy. it looks like the economy is on the mend, rebounding, and it is a real recovery. but at the same time, with economics there always two hands and it is not very strong. the economy still looks to be pretty weak. there are a lot of people unemployed. a lot of people who have been unemployed for really long times, more than six months. so it is a mixed report, but there it is. host: what is the report -- is that every friday? guest: it comes out once a

month, released by the labor department. host: the first friday of each month? guest: and reporters get locked in a room for a half an hour with the numbers. host: who do we get locked into the room with? and this is the report, put out by the bureau of labor statistics. it is on our website, c- span.org. so, you get locked in the room with this news release for a half an hour. at 8:00 -- are not allowed to leave until it o'clock 30 a.m., -- guest: that's right, and we've given ourselves funds. we have a half an hour to analyzer -- analyze it. i came over right away. have not had time to do too much reporting. to just kind of a preliminary look. host: we are talking about the latest unemployment numbers. according to greg robbw from gregatch, over all good news. unemployment dropped. guest: the rate remained steady at 9.7%. it has been that way for the

last three months. to look like the unemployment rate might have peaked in october, 10.1%. it is down a little bit but it still could rise in the coming months. host: you have the analysis from the bureau of labor statistics, but when you say 114,000 jobs, non-government jobs, were added to the economy, where? guest: they are broken up into different sectors. there is manufacturing, goods producing. this report showed broad based job growth across sectors. the only sector that seemed week was financial-services, banks, and insurance. host: that was weaker? guest: jobs fell in that sector. one of the key sectors this temporary jobs, on the rise since the fall. host: is that an indicator? guest: a leading indicator because a lot of companies will hire people temporarily to see

how things go and then make the jobs permanent. host: what are the-s in -- a negatives and the report? by the way, the phone numbers -- and we set aside a fourth line for those who are unemployed or underemployed. guest: a new trend of people being out of work for a long period of time, longer than six months. it is troubling because people lose skills. the longer people are unemployed, it seems the longer it is and suffered is for them to find work. and this is a tough nut to crack. but in policy-makers -- the obama administration and congress -- will start turning their attention to this the longer it goes on.

host: 162,000 total jobs created -- is a jobs created klezmer guest: jobs created. host: it looks like almost 50,000 were government. guest: what is going on now, like everybody knows, is the senses is being conducted and the government is hiring workers temporarily to help complete the census. that went up by 48,000 this month. but wall street takes away the numbers because they are temporary and will not last. host: they don't really matter. so, today, at 9:30 a.m. when the stock market opens in eight minutes, will go up for down given what you heard here, your own prediction? guest: my own prediction -- i don't know. host: the stock market cares about this stuff. guest: the stock market cares about it, the bond market. they are market -- market moving.

the bond market, what i was told, had continued reaction. it was kind of an line with expectations. -- although it is good news, it is not super strong so not as much reaction. i think the stock market might even be closed today because it is good friday. not quite certain. so there probably will not be a reaction until monday. host: what does this news due to interest rates, if anything? guest: that is a good question. the federal reserve is looking at this report very carefully. right now interest rates are near record low, around 0, point to -- 0.25%. the fed has said it looks like -- for economists, this is the big number. if we start seeing job gains month over month for the next couple of months, people will think the fed will start to move on rates and move them higher. a call -- host: let us take some calls.

washington, democrat. caller: kind of wondering how are we counted? i took an early retirement last july. i have been looking for work ever since. i am not collecting unemployment. so i kind of have a question about the 9.7%. i believe it is quite a bit hygiene host: you said you are not looking? caller: i am looking beard -- i am looking. the medical -- i was worried about my employer cancelling that so i went ahead and retired, thinking i could go out and get a job and i found that is not exactly as easy as it sounds. host: the government does a survey, the bureau of labor statistics of a monthly survey. there are other numbers that the

government has for people that are -- they are called discourage workers, people who have not been looking for work in the last six months. and people who are working part time who want full-time jobs, so the unemployment rate, if you throw everybody in the mix that sometimes are excluded, up around 16% range. so there are statistics that shows the labor market does remain weak. although 9.7% is not a picnic. the unemployment rate was down to 4.5% when the economy was doing well. so, i don't think there is any sort of attempt here by the government to log these numbers. this report does include other numbers that show that things are bad. host: in fact, one of the things in the report of the number of long-term unemployed. those jobless for 27 weeks -- increased by 414,000 over the

month, to 6.5 million. in march, 44.1% of the unemployed persons were jobless for 27 weeks or more. guest: that is a record high. host: when they talk about non- farm employment, why non-farm? why is that always used? guest: i am not sure exactly, but i think because the agricultural sector hires things on a seasonal basis and it would add more confusion than clarity in the numbers because there is a harvest season and the planting season. so, i think they strip it out for clarity. host: manufacturing continued to trend up, adding 45,000 jobs in the first three months of 2010. guest: manufacturing is one of the brightest spots in the economy. a rebound since the fall. exports have been rising, so that is one of the bright spots so far. we will see if it continues.

host: atlanta, an unemployed person calling in. caller: yes, hello. my name is -- host: we are listening caller: i have been unemployed for almost 11 months now. i come on that -- unemployment section. once that expires, how does someone go about not getting an extension but actually landed a jump? i had just one interview in the last 11 months. i am trying to figure out is there a website where people can put the names and say, i'm unemployed -- can we get first choice is one of unemployment went out to get the first bids on the job prior to someone who just got off unemployment a weaker two. guest: i would go to the local

unemployment office, and try the city and state unemployment offices. i am sure they will have some programs to assist you in your search. i don't think there is anyone website to go to. host: the number of persons working part-time for economic reasons increased to 9.1 million in march. these individuals were working part-time because that hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. chicago, david, good morning. caller: good morning. i have a question for mr. robb. i caught a little bit of the beginning -- beginning where he was explaining the procedure with the reporters are locked in a room. can you briefly explain that again? also, it sounded also very secretive and control. can he explain that? and how the numbers accounted for, and is there any follow up

explaining how the numbers were arrived at? guest: thanks. i don't think it is secretive. the government produces the numbers and they know they are market sensitive, so they are very careful with who gets to see the numbers before they are released. there are even procedures in place for the obama administration getting to see them at the white house. what happens with all of the economic reports, most of them, is that reporters go to the agency and there is a room for us and we have our own computers and we get the reporter and half an hour or an hour ahead of time and we shut the doors. it gives us a chance to kind of get a good story written and explain the numbers well. that is to our benefit but also to the benefit of the government because they want the numbers to kind be reported accurately. kind be reported accurately. it is just a way to disseminate it is just a way to disseminate