catholic tradition many centuries ago, and the sword of state, first used back in 1685 for the coronation of james ii. those two symbols of royal authority and that is important because it is a reminder for all those watching that the queen is about to ride and that these are three emblems, if you like, or symbols of the sovereign authority in parliament. it is a curious arrangement, really, which we call the queen and parliament. that is the way it constitution is bolted together, a graphic illustration of that today.

the later stage of the ceremonial, the heralds in charge of all the heraldry, the coats of arms. and they are led by new senior figure today. they too are always present for these events of state, and it will be part of the procession when the queen makes her way to the house of lords. on the stroke of a 11:00 as big binge *, the queen in the duke lead buckingham palace and lovely sunshine this morning. the queen and the duke traveling in the iris state coach today,

and it will be escorted by four divisions of the house lord cavalry. the main focus their, the parent thrones and the great canopy, really a splendid sight. few people realize that there is a difference in these fronts, because one is for the consort, and one is for the sovereign. the one on the left is for the queen. it is just a fraction higher than the one on the right. the queen will deliver the speech from the throne. back in the royal gallery. now that the queen is on her way from the palace, everything

working life clockwork. he takes the crown and brings it into the robing room, the chamber that is next to the royal gallery, for the queen to take stock and prepare for the great event ahead, maybe have a look at the speech, checked some of the wording, and in the great event is about to begin, the state trumpeters announcing the queen's arrival. it seems a good moment for us to take stock as well, because we've got a lot of organizing. a short while ago, he was mentioning the nature of the house of lords. i cannot say a lot of changes for quite a while. >> i found myself transported back 13 years ago when labour

took power. the only radical change, instead of him walking backwards down the stairs, he decided to walk forward down the stairs, but that was said. and now we're getting a promise of a great reform, not seen since 1832, and we're pretty sure that we will get is another commission, maybe something will happen in maybe it will not. >> it may be a counterpoint that you did have that wonderful emblem of modernizing. jack straw of mandan that as you remember and ashley went back to the -- actually abandoned that as you remember and went back to the old way. it was all set to one side. >> i think that is uncharacteristically unkind. the point is that this is one of the great ceremonies. the whole country shares in

that. people will be watching at home. i've been privileged to be a member of parliament for 18 years and you can never ceased to be in awe of it. the history that represents, confidence that comes from its timelessness. >> you made the point earlier. >> i have enormous problem with people making laws for this country that are not elected. we have to deliver those changes. that zeal for reform was there in 1997 but now we have to deliver that, and commission or not, it needs to actually happened through legislation. we see a lot of people there who can be elected. >> there seemed to be some help

the scepticism. we'll hear about the alternative of. it was the queen's speech in 1929 in which it was heard about. two years of debate. never heard of again. >> i think there are important measures there that contribute to freedom, fairness, and responsibility. i think this does include the equalization of constituencies. there were such disparities, so we will find that there is legislation on things that will deliver real changes to the way it our democratic system works. >> let's go just inside the members' lobby, the central lobby actually, just to give you a warning of what is to come. data said, that is the same. it is a lovely scene because it tells us about the expectation of what is going to happen

next, where one of the police inspectors will tell people to remove their hats. hats off, strangers, will be the traditional order. and then there will go along to the members lobby of the house of commons. there will be a few minutes of prayers and then they will weigh very patiently to be summoned, and it will be summoned by the yeoman ussher, black rod, unfortunately, is done well. we wish him well. he will summon the house of commons along to the house of lords. that is the same. when they're ready to go, there will be back straightaway. just into the royal gallery, we see one of the procession. the lord speaker -- a position

created four years ago. the lord chancellor used to preside of recessions of the house of lords. that all changed four years ago. this new position was created, which is almost like the speaker of the house of commons, but the duties are rather different. but the barren as, the figure had i suspect for the house of lords, her five-year term is up next year. she might be ready for another five years, but that will be a poor fellow members of the house of lords to decide. that will gather there at the top of the norman staircase. the baroness and other senior figures including the lord chancellor and lord privy seal, he sees several processions. -- you see several possessions. we see inside the house of lords again. a very familiar face for us.

the liberal democrat backbencher. wark faulkner -- lord what are, the former lord chancellor. a big friend of tony blair's. and look at this. this is one for the parliamentary connoisseurs'. here we have kenneth clarke, the new corke -- lord high chancellor, one of the real veterans, and kenneth clarke in a new role today as lord chancellor, ready to greet the queen when she arrives in a few minutes' time, and it is the lord chancellor's job to present the queen with the speech. it could be in that person now he is going to check the

contents -- he seems fairly relaxed about it. hyoscine the purse carried in a slightly more elegant way. -- i have seen the first carried in a slightly more elegant way. it is nice that and jack straw and doc ken clark, if you have lovers of the house of commons, people who believe in it, believe in the right that each party to scrutinize the government, and i think people will welcome it in that role is someone who will fight for parliament's rights. he is enjoying something a part of the ceremony. >> that is the important part, a half people who believe in the roles and believe in the ceremony, the symbolic significance of it. >> who believe in parliament, and it is absolutely right about jack. jack is known as somebody who loves, stands for, believes in

the house of come on -- the house of commons, debate in the chamber, at everything done in the sense of proper scrutiny. ken clark is very much in the same tradition as well. i think that we have got to -- every time we talk about new politics, we need to put someone in a pill to box, it risks becoming a great contemporary cliche. but in this parliament, as part of rebuilding confidence, i prefer confidence rather than trust the people in parliament. that is how we do politics. >> an interesting group to remark on here. george young on the left. lord privy selal, protecting the

private seal. and then we have the mark as of chantry just behind him. and a very important man just checking his watch. that is the old marshal, the new, nor for, in charge of so many of these events. and they're ready there to go and greet the queen at the foot of the norman staircase. here are the two man looking after those two and moms that i mentioned earlier, the cap of maintenance and the sword of state. and the leader of the house of lords with his back to us and general lord walker who will be carrying the sword of state, in the procession with the queen and the duke of edinburgh, they replace ready for the queen to a ride.

-- they are in place ready for the queen to arrive. they know that they are minutes away from the queen's arrival, and there will be just a couple of minutes for the queen to prepare herself before the procession into the chamber itself. this is the 59th state opening of the queen's reign. it is a remarkable statistic, the 57 time that the queen has attended the state opening herself. i am going to make one point that you may not like, because we were talking about politicians who loved ceremony. nick clegg is the lord president, who is normally part of this great ceremony, but nec has decided to be part of the house of commons retain, processing as deputy prime minister. should we read anything into

that? or does the judge was to be part of the government? >> i think that that is just did. various things have changed over the years and people create new parts of history. this is import in terms of ceremony. it is support to remember that it is just that, and beyond that is the real politics. and it is important that members of the government take this on. >> under way in lovely sunshine, just pay it -- just passing under, we can hear the click co-oping very loud in our studio. -- clip-clopping very loud and our studio. ["god save the queen" playing]

>> the national anthem pa. has the irish -- as the irish state coach makes its way, one of the real treasures, made in 1911. a copy of the original, and it has been completely restored

over the past 90 years. when the queen arrives inside the palace of westminster, the entire world will know about it because the royal standard will be released above victoria tower, and the union jack will be lowered. [trumpet sounding]

>> the royal standard, signaling the queen's presence. the heralds make their way into the royal gallery. the two great masces, the lord privy seal, george young, the lord chancellor, kenneth clarke. and here we have the duke of more polk -- norfolk, and the white one, the symbol of his authority in question. the queen and the duke of edinburgh make their way into that robing room where they will

stay for just a few minutes before the procession began. -- begins. the heralds make their way through the royal gallery. the new principle was in place in april, another retiring after 40 years of service. we will be back in the royal gallery in a few minutes' time when the state trumpeters will announce that the procession is about to get underway. i was going to pick up that point, because i think he made it rather gently, nick clegg is not what it is. he comes from a tradition outside westminster. his only been in parliament for

five years. he is angry with that and wants to run as opposed to it. >> i think it is very striking that he is not taking part in the ceremonies. i suspect that reflects his gut feeling and partly reflects an anxiety about not being seen to be taken in by at all. >> at a different interpretation. if the coalition work because of the goodwill of the queen, david cameron, and nick clegg, and we've seen lots of evidence of a, a working relationship. that is why he wants to go with david cameron from the commons to the lords to hear the queen's speech. it is tangible evidence of the coalition of the good will and friendship that each of the men have. >> historically about the whole process, it is connected with the people out there but also

the coalition bill to fund new politics and the understanding that we have to do things differently. the nation as a whole wants us to work together. we're going to have a referendum and we want to see people on that. we want to be seen as having common interest. >> let's look inside the central lobby of the house of parliament. they're just getting ready, they're on the left, they are getting ready to give the instruction for strangers to remove their hats. a few last-minute arrangements there. the preparations for the next page of the ceremony, but clearly they are getting ready and it will not be too long before the speaker, mr. john bercow makes his way with the speaker's chaplain into the house of commons, ready for prayers there. a sense of how long it will become a cannot be more than a few minutes.

that is the scene in the central lobby. and back here, you're going to make the point. >> he had a challenge in its own constituency and he had underestimated how popular the speaker was in his own constituency. no one or two did, but i was in the gallery of the house of commons at that moment and there is no well at all to get rid of him. the mood amongst a few, the regret, but overwhelmingly there was a sense that he had done a good job or that it would be rude to turn in on itself. >> there are a lot of people that do not have patience with the speaker. charity and we think that he proved himself in his time as speaker has starting the process of modernization. i think that spirit of wanting to make it work, i think that was extended to the speaker who

has already taught several loans under his belt in demonstrating that it does command authority. i think people want to make it work. >> as -- the speaker's role, he is now seen as a friend of a lot of people in the labour party. how's that transition happened? jeff and i think he has established themselves as a fair arbiter of the process of the house. i think that is why he attract support right across the house of commons. and the fact that three tory members of parliament called for a division really means nothing at all. i think that he is universally respected and admired in the house of commons. >> let's go back to the central lobby. i do not want to miss the events there. here we are. the inspector. write down the corridor, waiting

for the speaker's procession to appear. he is in charge of this part of the ceremony today. looking quite relaxed, not suggesting that someone is about to appear, but you never know, and the speaker will be on his way very soon. i am told that he is on his way. there is a long corridor leading up from the speakers apartment, the speaker's office, at one end of the house of westminster, and leads appear to the central lobby and then loops around into the house of commons. i think we should should wait because it should be just a matter of seconds.

the signal has been given that the speaker is on his way. ready for a nod.

>> hats off, strangers. to the and the sergeant of arms carries the mace, with the speaker and the speaker's chaplain, robert reich, who will be leading prayers inside the house of commons in just a few minutes' time. it will not take long and then they will wait to be summoned to hear the queen's speech. always an impressive sight. everything stops at the speaker's procession and this happens every day the house is in session. through the members' lobby of the house of commons, lots of smiles, lots of knots -- nods.

pass the statues of search shame -- search churchill, and there you see the lib dem, a lot of familiar faces. you can see that dazzling green tie. and then on the government front bench, nick clegg. so the mace is in place and that means the house can begin its prayers. let's take a few minutes and then they will be summoned up to the house lords and straight back to the house of commons. it is always an impressive sight. >> it is extraordinary. it is part of the ceremony for them. they want to see it, to remember the history, to feel part of

that. there is a real part of buzz about state parliament -- the opening of parliament. >> the lord great chamberlain. he is signaling that we are about to begin. he joins the earl marshal.

>> the procession in state has begun. the lord high chancellor, but work -- with a purse containing the queen's speech, and others, one with the cap of maintenance and another with the sword of state, and the queen. accompanied by the duke of edinburgh. ready to present a program of legislation of david cameron is government, david cameron being the 12th prime minister of the queen's reign.

everything ready in the house of lords. the entire chamber prices rises --the entire chamber rises and knowledge as the queen's arrival. the queen and the duke will take their places on the parrot thrones, and when her majesty is ready, she will singer -- signal that the state opening can begin. >> my lords, pray be seated. >> the signal is given.

the signal relayed all the way down to the central lobby. and this is the tax normally performed by black rod, but he is unfortunately on well and cannot take part, so the yeoman usher is taking his place today. and is his duty to summon the house of commons to the house of lords. .

misheard >> mr. speaker. >> order is given.

i think he said no royal commissions this week. there we have the prime minister is leading the way. familiar faces at all times but even more familiar. alan johnson, who is not running.

and they are not trying to look elegant. what do you think thurman -- what do you think? >> first, this is the house of commons moment. give people are pairing up. that is something one should never forget. the second thing is it is a summoning of the commons to the lords, a reminder that it has nottyet been properly resolved in the house of lords. >> they are all rushing.

they are all exchanging pleasant words. it seems that everybody is in place there. now if it is time to present the queen with the speech itself. >> in practice, there is very little room left. you cannot see it. >> you cannot sit 30 people. >> they are almost there now.

while they have been waiting, the chancellor has already presented the speech. >> my lord and members of the house of commons, we have engaged to find the principles of freedom and responsibility. the first arete is to reduce the deficit and restore -- priority is to reduce the deficit and restore economic growth. action will be taken to exhilarate the reduction of the structural budget deficit, and the new budget responsibility will provide confidence in the management of public financings.

it will safeguard jobs and the economy. the timetable for state pensions will be reviewed. we will learn from the financial crisis and to make transparent payments to equitable life policyholders. my government will support new hyde steve -- high-speed broadband internet connections and reform the economic regulations of airports to benefit passengers. my government will modernize the world mail in partnership with

employees and make sure it benefits from discipline. my government will limit the number of non-european economic entities entering the united kingdom. legislation will be introduced to improve efficiency in homes and businesses, to promote low carbon energy production, and to secure energy supplies. my government will remove barriers to flexible working and promote equal pay. my government will seek to build a strong party by reforming public services and encouraging individual and social responsibility. legislation will be introduced to enable more schools to reach

that status and to allow new providers to run state schools. it will be strengthened in the national health service to improve public health alongside actions to reduce inequalities. a commission will be appointed to consider the sustainable long-term structure for the operation of social care. a bill will be introduced to make the service more accountable to local people and to tackle alcohol-related problems and antisocial behavior. social enterprises, charities, and cooperatives in our public services will be enhanced. the cost of bureaucracy will be reduced. a bill will be introduced to

counsel the neighborhoods and give local communities control. legislation will be introduced to stop and completed plans -- incomplete plans. my government will propose parliamentary and political reform to restore trust in democratic institutions and rebalance the relationship between the citizens and the state. measures will be brought forward to introduce fixed term of parliament for five years. a bill will be introduced for the referendum of the alternative system for the house of commons and to create more equal sized constituencies. constituents will be given a right to recall members of parliament where they are guilty

of serious wrongdoing. it will be brought forward on proportional representation. action will be taken to reform the parties. legislation will be brought forward to restore freedoms and civil liberties for the abolition of identity cards and repeal of the unnecessary loss. my government will work cooperatively with institutions. my government will introduce legislation to implement recommendations for the final report and is committed to a referendum on additional powers

of the national assembly in wales. my government will support the political institutions in northern ireland. estimates of the public services will be laid before eukaryotes -- before you. my government will introduce legislation to insure the future, this parliament have a say on any proposed transfer of powers. we look forward to our visit to canada in june and to our visit to the united nations and new york in july. we also look forward to september. my government will seek effective global collaboration

to sustain economic recovery and combat climate change, including climate change conference in mexico. my government will fully support the armed forces and undertake a full strategic defense and security review. my government will work with afghan government, pakistan, and international partners for security and stability in afghanistan. my government looks forward to enhance partnership with india. in the middle east, my government will continue to work for a two-state solution for a viable palestinian state existing in peace and security alongside israel. my government will work to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons and nuclear

proliferation, including various international concerns posed by iran's nuclear program. for my government is committed in developing aids from 2013. other measures will be laid before you. i pray the almighty god may rest upon your counsel.

[captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] >> everyone is standing in the house of lords. the queen has completed the delivery of the speech, and the queen and the duke make their way through the chamber and then back into the royal gallery to retrace the steps of just a few minutes ago, and that

was a signal for the members of the house of commons to make their way back to their chamber and prepare for five days of debate on the concept of the queen's speech. the queen's speech, which lays out plans for probably 18 months. we do not expect another queen's speech until november of next year. the sessions have started in the royal gallery. he is leading the way, and the queen and the duke of edinburgh making their way back to the robing room overlooking the victorian gardens.

several interesting points in film speech, not the least the visit of the queen -- in the speech, not the least the visit of the queen to the united nations in july. they returned to the house of commons. you can expect a fairly lively debates of the session is about to start.

david lewis, the new chief deputy of the sec. rick carey. -- secretary. there we are, the speaker and the sergeant of arms are formally welcomed back into the chamber. nothing can happen without the mace being set into place. that is the symbol of the authority of the speaker, and that means the house can be in session. that is on display there. that really is the key for the big debate. this is where it all starts. >> it starts not just with a list of legislation.

i think all telling -- all will dominate. it is about real people's lives. it will be about the spending positions on taxes, but that may not have to be taken for many decades. that laid on top of two or three bills that i think will define how the new coalition government does -- they will be excited about the great repeal bill. the liberal democrats will be excited about parliamentary reform and the new voting system, and the thing that really excites conservatives is school reform. they say it is injecting freedom. >> let's take this concern, and for people watching, when the queen leaves and the crowd leaves, we will not miss that.

in the meantime, can we start with spending and cut off? -- and cut off? -- cuts? >> first of all, these are the decisions that have to be made in this financial year. these are the measures we have to take a media play -- immediately. why does this have to be done? we are the most indebted nation of the 27 member states if we do not get to grips with that. it would be further damage to the economy. the pound is undervalued. the cost of borrowing would rise, and that would affect lenders. >> the debate is the pace of the cuts and the extent, because it is not just labor politicians

who say you are really taking a big gamble here with the recovery. it would take a lot to said that recovery back. they're putting money in the system when it leased needs it. >> if you look around at other countries like our own, they, too, are having to get to grips with the difficult financial system. we have seen cuts in systems like spain, portugal, ireland of 5 or 6%. it is essential that the new government would get to grips early on with the deficit we have, and it is something the liberal democrats have preferred, getting to grips with our debt. >> many of you are comfortable with significant cuts. we realize it is a reality.

we need to look at what the situation is. i remember our credit-worthiness is fundamentally important, and that is very important you have to take account of what is going on. we might think about how we inject money into the economy in this case. >> we have got the pages already to line the queen's departure, and they say farewell at this point.

we have chuck stuart, who is in charge of the armed services. they are just waiting for the queen to signal. i have to say, they are looking fairly happy with the way things are going on. the royal party is ready to leave. he is leading the way. i wonder if she has been keeping

her views on that. what would you do then? back in the direction of the norman staircase down to the norman court she were the royal standard is flying, but that will be lowered when the quinn leaves. -- queen leaves. the herald's are taking their place on the steps. they're waiting for the queen's departure.

♪ [horns play]

>> states trumpeters have signaled the queen is about to leave after this state opening of 2010, and they are back on their way to buckingham palace. once the signal is given, he will be on his way. just to prove the point, we have the best vantage point in town. let's have a look.

>> the bright red tunic. also, cavalry accompanies the queen, and now reverse of what we saw earlier. the imperial state crown being taken back to the tower of london. it will be taken to the queen alexandria state room.

>> and the crown to the munster. -- master, and the crown jeweler is also on hand to look after it with its 3000 diamonds and countless other precious stones.

ready for the journey back to the palace. in his position as controller, he is in charge of investitures and parties and all kinds of a defense including a favorable -- a big role. the crown is on its way. once again, we are enjoying the view from the studio here.

it is followed by a smaller kirch, by the way. -- coahch, by the way. these are hundreds of years old. they are part of the regalia recession, and it is really difficult to imagine a more glorious thing. the queen has gone through the content of the speech. nick was telling us there were

22. is that correct? >> it is a long procession. we are here in the spring, and it will go through not just this autumn the following autumn. there is fuel legislation -- if your legislation, although you can see that although the new coalition government would have been theory a majority in the house of lords, there is a whole series of areas where you can imagine people defying their party. >> i did say we were going to tackle a few areas let's put standing aside. we know what the challenge is fair. would you say the constitution is the most controversial. there were other areas of conflict, but is that the big one feminist -- the big one?

>> many conservatives love the idea, and there are people in the house of lords who will not follow party lines, and in addition, they have a controversial plan whereby to insure, the suggestion of a new higher threshold in order to trigger the full dissolution effectively means going to the palace and saying, can we do this? that is controversial within the coalition party. >> do they have a 65% threshold first? >> i think it is unacceptable, and people argue strongly against it. the problem is it preaches a clearly established convention that the dissolution of -- it

breaches a clearly established convention. it makes a broader point, which is in the reports we've read about creation of enormous numbers, that we appear to create enormous numbers in the house of lords as well. yes, they want politics conducted in a different way, but what they want were things they do not believe but that they voted for which looks as if their parliament is being fixed, and there are a number of specific proposals and the queen's speech -- in the queen's speech that give rise to concern, which is why we would argue hard against those measures, when it is clearly not in public interest nor in pursuit of this being the promise of a different kind of politics >> since it is beyond the threshold, are we, and --

are you comfortable with that? >> this is a different kind of parliament. this is a coalition government, and i think it is important to understand it is different from what we have had over the last 60 years. what the country desperately needs is stability, and that is why they have formed the coalition for. there has to be cuts and savings made. over five years you would expect to save decisions -- to see decisions, and therefore, i think if they actually establish how did this coalition do, it will be very difficult. >> are you comfortable with this? >> there is a compromise. it seems like an arbitrary figure. 66%, which is what you have to

get in scotland. people complain about 55%, when we could not pass the 66% in the scottish parliament. what we have to do is ensure we have rules which will find the parliament. one message i think we got out of the electorate from this election, it is the involvement of more young people. the one thing that must happen is reform must get through. we must have reform in the house of lords. the reason it is important to have fixed terms is that you should not have one of the runners in the race. >> nick clegg was saying, i

cannot say when it will happen. i cannot give you a commitment whether it will be next year or whenever. are you convinced it will happen? >> yes, i am convinced it is -- i am convinced. >> lots of your colleagues are starting to think this is a pain in the neck. you have bigger fish to fry. >> the government has to make the choices, but i think they have 14 days until the end of this period, and they have to be set up. public money was wasted, but we

have made choices, and there will be cuts made on the basis of what is right currency for the nation. >> we are going to take a little break which will be back in the second to talk about some of these things. >> thank you very much. my guess is the first green impioump. they promised to go ahead with the commission recommendations. >> we have often allow of the scottish parliament to deal with their communities, so we welcome that. we also recommend the opportunities to build a consensus in scotland, and it means the money we raise

installed and we are able to spend in scotland. there are other things in the queens bridge. we would welcome the end of the id cards as ever, you have to wait for the details. >> what do you make of what you have seen so far? what is this proposal around energy efficiency? >> you have to look pretty hard. the details are lacking, and we heard just yesterday public transport is flat. what we really want is to see a government that is about fiscal reform. that is going to be the kind of reform we need. >> on that issue, a commitment to have the referendum would

completely change the way westminster works. >> it will not completely change the way westminster works. it is a way of making sure people's voices are heard. they had an opportunity for an election reform. >> i know they will be making the choice when it actually comes time to debate the queen's speech. that goes on for a few days. >> thank you a lot. we will be back with you and some other guests. we mentioned education. let's talk about what the government intends to do and what you might thing might cause a bit of tension. >> what they want is to have

more schools. what do you mean by that? in part, spreading to primary schools. in part, new people setting up schools. that has happened under the previous government, but there are a series of locks. they cannot get a group of parties. this government now works in an entirely different way. it is about the view that you can break out what they would see as a stranglehold of the establishment. it is controversial because the establishment will fight back. they will claim as we have already heard that it went to the middle classes. they will deny it and said they

will liberate people in the worst part of the cities, but it is a fascinating debate. >> what do you think? >> i think this has become a big issue of conservative the elections. -- conservative elections, and it underlines a profound difference, which is a different 0, which is the coalition partners in supporting community, and it is writ large. it is a contradiction between budget cuts and what schools will need. we do not need to legislate for more diversity in schools. we can see at least four

different types of schools rising up to levels that could not have been trumped of years ago -- dram of years ago, so i think this is going to create confusion. i think this is going to -- i think it is born of a profound lack of understanding. >> i have any academy in my constituents it move to 50% of pupils, so people that are watching want to know they have a good school where their children can get a good education. the academy has demonstrated its capacity to do that.

they want to make all schools in the area academies, and that will be liberated. >> what parents want is for their children to do as well as they possibly could, but the fact is i can take you from my own constituency -- an example of where they have increased the level, to 72%. 13 years later academies were established specifically to address the chronic problem of failing schools, and they have been extraordinarily successful in fact, but they are not the only prescription for dealing with under achievement for dealing higher levels. >> my fear for the economy -- the academy -- what is crucial

is the way in which you ensure maximum opportunity. i can guess accurately on the basis of their background, and we will be spending normally on those with five runs to give the schools the incentives to take it on. >> where are you on the belief that in the wisdom of parents -- do you think that model is a good one? >> i think it is important to enhance for parents and teachers. it is also important to protect children.

having said that, we have not got failing schools. i do not want to be lecturing people in areas where there are failing schools. >> the academy models focus the children on work at the end of the education. they have a strong application to the workplace. it has helped raise the overall level. >> no dispute about the impact academies have had. the dispute is about two things. first, not seeing the fundamental engagements of local authorities in enabling way to ensure there is a choice of schools that parents can choose from, and within the present framework, that happens, but the second is understanding children more broadly than just what happens in the classroom, and the reason attainment has

increased in so many of our poorest areas is that schools have created a structure and support for which it is like a proxy family, and that is why to love simply a department of education misses the point to have children from deprived families -- to have simply a dumb -- department of education misses the point, and the reason it has gone of is because they have done that. >> the real issue is not the label you give a particular school. it is about giving the freedom, so your local school is the best school. i do not want a situation where people feel they have to choose. >> i am not denying that

educational under achievement has complex causes, but he particularly coined the phrase broken britain to explain how complicated is, that a child could suffer more than one problem. we do take the complexity of it very seriously. >> i do not wish to be cruel to our guest, but this program has already revealed a couple of areas. if unemployment goes up, the prospect is under that government the coalition is to make up. on education, you can make too much of the choice. one choice is the founding principles. what contemplates it is not having these arguments.

now the tories say they want them to. it can be baffling. there is some difference there. the new school system thinks the government have done too much. clever people are telling teachers what to teach, and they are a bit sick of it. there are people who know how to run schools in the schools, and that is the difference. there is quite a difference there. >> it is not anything particularly surprising. there is nothing to be ashamed of to say we are two different parties from different backgrounds with this compromise. what is important is about

compromise, and this is a situation where the people have said, we have to behave like grown-ups. if nick lang was writing the queen's speech on his own -- nick clegg was writing the queen's speech on his own it would look different. >> it will be an interesting test. if you believe in public services, the two-tier argument would come up. some people say just as businesses have to innovate, some do well, but you need a bit of public service. there are others who are anxious about it. >> there is a nervousness on that. it came from labor, which is centralizing in its views. liberals and conservatives have

always moved to localism. we happen to believe the further you can go from it. that is nonsense. >> thank you very much we have been in government quite a while ago, but they actually made quite a splash when they were there. >> i am joined by the lord today. did you ever think you would see a day like today where they would be sitting in a coalition government? >> there has been no coalition for a long time, but most people did not expect this. we wish them the best of luck. >> from what you have heard and seen about the coalition, what

is your impression? >> free speech and government for the people is the number one priority. they have inherited a terrible situations from mr. brown. the fact that they are making this clearly their number one goal is important. >> what does it represent the year? there're so many different parliamentary occasion like this, but what does today represent? >> there is always negotiation, particularly with the new parliament, whether the change of government -- i remember when we came in in 1959, so it is

quite a big occasion, and there is curiosity of being the first coalition. >> what will be in the minds of david cameron and his new cabinet? what would be going through their heads today? >> i think there are two things. first, they would have to introduce a large number. there is less than 1% total government spending. am very much afraid the situation is even worse now.

they're going to advocate. >> do you think they are planning to do that despite what will be a difficult time? >> i think it is in the national interest. it is going to make the problem harder. they're going to trust the country with a huge amount of unnecessary economic burden. i wish them the best of luck. >> what is the current state of

affairs? >> do not expect to be popular. what you need to do is be open with the government, say this is what we are going to do. you will not like it, but at end of today, do not judge it. >> thank you very much for joining us and sharing some wise words there. >> it is concise and even blunt. those were some fairly pointed words. you have to make a really tough decisions. are you ready for the level of on popularity you need to counter to keep your eyes on the

main gold? >> i do not think people go into policy to be popular. they go into politics to do the right thing. now the coalition has the responsibility to do the right thing, which is to restore the nation's finances. that means taking a tough position. what you will be judged by is the results, so that is my point that five years allows the measures to be taken. we expect them not to be popular, but index end the results will be a restoration of country's fortune. -- in the end result will be the restoration of the country's fortune. >> it will punish both sides. >> our role in government is very important, and he pointed out why.

liberal democrats being in government means there will be action to counter climate change. we do believe that is an issue. we may have been having giveaways for the wealthiest people. our goal is to make its greener. it is important to work together when it comes to political reform. but as the new way of doing politics. >> you have been in a government that has been popular and very unpopular. what are the pressures on the decision making process and the way you calculate public opinion? what pressures will come to bear? >> there are real pressures. the real pressures are the

reactions of your constituents and regular engagement. pressures come from the point the media turns on you, and the great mistake is to substitute that for the real view of the wider public. >> which you say the government did. >> i think we did do that. i think that is absolutely right, but i think the important thing to remember is throughout the election campaign, they argue about risks of the economy of taking money out of the economy now. people did not vote in the majority for cuts to services, and they will be watching closely indeed, and we will help in the scrutiny of legislation as it goes through parliament to make sure people do not find

favor being given what they did not vote for by way of cuts and services that makes all the difference in the world to their everyday lives. >> we have been talking about big events. let's look ahead a little. that emergency budget in june is going to be a critical event. >> critical because there is more bad news to come. critical because it is a reminder. today politics is rarely defined bylaws. it is about tony blair, 9-11, all about cash. and we are hearing about politicians that have to choose.

now someone has to get it and lose it. at times we all have to lose it, and the big question hanging over today is can it last for five years? there is a sense it could crumble for in a minute. -- crumble any minute. >> thank you for those thoughts. thank you for joining us today. can i say parliament is back in business hamas -- back in business? the coalition will not get under way in implementing an ambitious legislative program. . pa