considerations. if the treatment centers in kabul make a modest impact on the drug market but have a big impact on how people in afghanistan perceive the concern and compassion of american taxpayers for their partners then that may be more salient than it would be if you thought the drug policy was having a largerfect. very, very good. ok. let's go to the questions. . .

>> there are people in pakistan making money on this drug trade. who profits from that tax the three of us do not have direct knowledge of that. we talked about the fact that you might be able to move the trade more easily than you can eliminate it. moving it out of afghanistan may benefit if the focus on a chemist and but depending where it moves, it may not be all to the good health it moves. movement to pakistan could not be ruled out.

>> i run the drug policy project. this is washington and no one likes to hear bad news. thank you for coming. i question has to do with the purity of afghan heroin in the region. many addicts in afghanistan and surrounding countries have gotten addicted through smoking which is fairly pure. if by some miracle we could dramatically reduce the supply of heroin heated through aerial spraying as the russians would like or through blight or form this in the region or through high-level interdiction, as we have ceded other places, traffickers tend to ddlute their drugs to the point where it is no lumpers smokable and intravenous becomes the most efficient way of delivery, have you thought about that consequences for afghanistan and surrounding countries like pakistan and is the international community in any shape to begin to handle a mess

of spike in intravenous drug use? this is with regard to hiv and hepatitis. >> we did not model what the consequences would be. i will have to pass. it is a serious point but even if we could as you can make success against theeworld's heroin problem by pushing up prices and afghanistan, that is not an undiluted in good. other places could grow poppy. >> you raised a chevy which is tremendously important. -- you raised hip which is tremendously important. --hiv which is tremendously important. someone might want to think

about whether we wanted to discuss in the context of drug policy efforts to prevent the spread of hiv which is likely, there are pros and cons. there could be a horrible backlash of unintended consequences if we are perceived as distributing needles in a society that is pretty conservative. it's difficult to think through the dimensions of that. hiv will be an important problem and you miggt want to think about if there are actions there that ould for the intrins -- interest of this. >> i was wondering how your reclamation's may change given the current efforts of

reintegration that are under way. i guess the bad guys are no longer identifiable as the bad guys. >> thank you for setting this up. you have got -- not gotten enough credit for this. if i believe that, will you tell me another? yes, it will certainly be true if somehow some of the current insertion elements get reconciled to the government. attacking them would no longer be an objective. that is presumed it would no longer be everybody. at whatever level reconciliation takes place there will still be out groups. there will still be other warlords. to some extent, it would be good

to shaker drug enforcement in the interest of security and governance -- to shape your drug enforcement in the interest of security and governments. have anyt think we more details to add to that. >> i wanted to ask a little more about the problem with alternative development and that is that the television is taxing legitimate crops -- that the caliban -- that the taliban is taxing legitimate crops. >> that is a great question. i am not an actor burt on afghans across the board or a

product expert. i would like that my answer be one of the thoughts that is listened to around a table with a lot of other factors also being listened to. yes, if you just focus on this dollars to the taliban, it is an argument for stressing alternative development in the more secure parts of the country. you could reward parts of the country that have exceeded in getting awayyfrom the poppy cultivation and succeeded in achieving a member -- a measure of normalcy rather than thinking of alternative development in the combined arms tactics that goes side by side with marines with guns, you follow the alternative development immediately which makes sense if

you think that as soon as the marines are done shooting them all the insurgents and war le lords' influence and power disappears but that may be -- but that may not be the case. in cases where we won the shooting, you may still have to worry about the protection. that would be an argument for shifting more to the secure parts of the country. >> let me follow up. go ahead. your thoughts on the incentives, the governor-elect eradication -- you have had the opportunity -- >> i will make my pitch and you can tell me why i am wrong. i think there are two very

different strategies. you have to make a hard choice. one approach is to say to let the poppies blow lots of places because then the market share of the portions of the country that are heavily interests -- influenced by the taliban -- to turn a blind eye to competitors. i understand that logic. i just cannot understand that we would embrace that wholeheartedly. i said on the opposite side of the camp which as we should try to have afghanistan be as mu normal as possible to genuinely say to afghanistan and russians and the world that we made accomplishments in this area. it is not that we are opposed to a revocation, it is just in those places or anchored the

farmers could be quickly recruited into the insurgent forces. >> i am glad we got both sides on that thing. >> if we are spending about $100 billion per year right now on the afghanistan problem and a farmer's income is about half a billion dollars, what are the implications that the united states said we would buy all of this from but farmers which is heavily are spending, how does that play out? we are targeting certain farmers or of some kinds of intelligence, would there be a way that we could more effectively control the markets and create a monopoly using our

own economic power directly? >> two different issues here. there is a proposal on the table. to buy all the poppy in afghanistan and make more people for medicine and all the parts of the third world that do not have enough. i think that is wrong that they do not have been of more feed because they do that heaven of regulation. 4% of the arable land in afghanistan is used for pop before me. what would happen if we bought all the cropp tax they would grow more. -- what would happen if we bought all the poppies? they would grow more. that would make everybody richer. what would happen if we aired drug $100 bills all over afghanistan? we could make every farmer in afghanistan which for a fraction of what we are spending on blowing the place up.

there are all sorts of issues about corruption when you think about distributing money. if i were in charge, i would think very hard about effectively doing that. i would not by the poppy crop, i would buy all the crops. buying the poppy crop blogs to the agenda. >> and the comments? >> i agree. >> thank you very much. >> i am going to thank our panel very much for the work they have done not only on this piece by presenting it here. one of our questioners made the very good point of having mr. kwiatkowski join us today.

these are hard questions. you have bad news and bad news which to have presented, but asking hard questions and making policy makers deal with those i your study and certainly the institute of peace. thank you very much for your work, ashley. join me in thanking the panel. thank you very much. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] >> britain's queen elizabeth

speaks of the u.n. this morning. president obama meets with israeei prime minister benjamin not to get to which is followed by today's "washington journal." >> book-tv continues in primetime tonight with a focus on economic issues. mohammad yunis writes about his efforts to expand social business. onalso have mario bartoiromo living in these times. that is all this week of cspan 2. for a snapshot of washington and the 111th congress, the cspan congressional directory is a reference guide to every member of the house and senate,

the president's cabinet, the supreme court and the rest at your fingertips on line at c- span.org/store. elizabeth's queen addressed the united states -- united nations general assembly. this was kerfs first speech at the un since 1957. she taught to read curbing terrorism and addressing climate change. this is 20 minutes. >> please rise.

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>> the meeting of the general assembly is called to order. this afternoon, we will hear an addrees by her majesty queen elizabeth ii on the occasion of her visit to the united nations.

allow me, your majesty, to have a short statement. [farsi]

[speaking farsi] >> your majesty, when you last addressed the united nations 53

years ago following a devastating world war, cold war tensions and nuclear annihilation threatened the existence of all of humanity. the quality and nondiscrimination were still an unrealized dream. women were expected to stay at home. since that location, you have presided -- since that location, you have presided over remarkable transformation that saw the birth of a multiple of independent nation states based on the principles of equal rights and the self- determination of all peoples, principles that are enshrined in the united nations charter. your majesty, today we have a

world where of people and change are the norm, a world where the pace of change has quickened t3 guest while there has been prosperity, the world remains a blighted by levels of inequality with billions living in absolute poverty. natural disasters occur more frequently and with greater devastation while new threats and pressures have also emerged. when such disasters and tragedies make us confront our human frailty, you have lifted the spirit of those in shock, letting them know that they are

not alone in their suffering. and in times of heart, from pacs of terrorism, your words of comfort and your steadfast calm have brought reassurance. we are focused on making the world a better place. we are focused on spending for justice and peace, on relieving suffering and helping the poor lift themselves out of poverty. many times we come up short. and do not live up to our commitments or meet the expectations that are laid upon us. through your sense of duty and tireless public service, you have demonstrated to those of us at the united nations that we

must not waver from our purpose, that we must remain steadfast in our will and determination because the poor, the disadvantaged, and the week do not have the luxury of our failure. this is our ideal and we must live up to it. i thank you. >> his excellency ban ki moon. >> we are honored by your presence, your majesty. in a changing world, you are an anchor for our age. york reagan says the decades from the challenges of the cold war to the threat of global warming. , from the television to

treetops, through the years, you have traveled the world and that its people. you have become a living symbol of grace, constancy, and dignity. your majesty, in 1957, you first visited this chamber when the united nations was still young, over half a century ago. you told the general assembly that the future will be shipped by more than the former bonds that unite us. it would be shaped by the strength of our devotion to the hopes and great ideals of the un charter. peace, justice, and prosperity. with you at the helm, the united kingdom and the commonwealth

have contributed immensely to the united nations. today, the four largest providers of u.s. -- un peacekeeping troops were distributed around the world. you are working with us to force the development, a dead to rights, and promote global security. in september, we gathered for this mission by pushing for progress towards the millennium development goals. this s the blueprint of the world's leaders to save lives of the poor and vulnerable, to promote gender equality, and to provide education, opportunity, and decent work to billions of people. we will once again he your call

and devote our full strength to the ideals of our charter and to realizing a better world for all. your majesty, for your dedication to the united kingdom and the commonwealth, to the united nations and our common values, we say thank you and welcome and we wish you continued good health and we are happy to have you here today. thank you very much. [applause] >> would like to invite her majesty, queen elizabeth ii, to address the general assembly. >> mr. president, secretary

general, members of the general assembly -- i believe i was last here in 1957. since then, i have traveled widely and met many leaders, ambassadors, and statesman from around the world. i address you today as queen of the 60 united nations member states and as head of the commonwealth of all 54 countries. i have also witnessed great change, much of it for the better particularly in science and technology and in social attitudes. remarkably, many of these sweeping advances have come about not because of the government's, committee resolutions, or central directives although all of these

have played a part, but instead because millions of people are around the world have wanted them. for the united nations, these subtle yet significant changes in people's approach to leadership and power might have foreshadowed failure and to my spirit instead, the united nations has grown and prospered by adapting to those shifts. also, many important things have not changed. the aims and values which inspired the united nations charter in door. -- end torque to promote justice to remove the blood of hunger and disease and to protect the rights and liberties of every citizen. the achievements of the united

nations are remarkable. when i was first here, there were just three united nations operations overseas. now over 120,000 men and women are deployed in 26 missions across the world. you have helped to reduce conflict, you have offered humanitarian assistance to millions of people affected by natural disasters and other emergencies and you have been deeply committed to tackling the effects of poverty in many parts of the world. so much remains to be done. former secretary dag hammerskold said this is the work of a surgeon. good nurses get better with

practice. sadly, the supply of patients never ceases. this september, leaders will meet to agree how to achieve the millennium of the development goals when each nation will have its own distinctive contribution to make. new challenges have also emerged which have tested this organization as much as its member states. one such is the struggle against terrorism. another challenge is climate change. careful account must be taken of the risks faced by the smaller and more vulnerable nations, many of them from the commonwealth. mr. president, i started by talking about leadership. i have much admiration for those who have the talent to lead.

this is particularly in public service and diplomatic life. i congratulate you, your colleagues, and your predecessors under many achievements. it is perhaps always been the case that the weighting of peace is the hardest form of leadership of all. i know of no single formula for success. over the years, i have observed that some attributes of leadership are universal. they are often about finding ways of encouraging people to combine their efforts, their talents, their nsights, their enthusiasm, and their inspiration to work together. since i addressed to last, the commonwealth, too, has grown vigorously to become a group of nations representing nearly 2 billion people.

it gives its wholehearted support to the significant contributions toward peace and stability in the world made by the united nations and its agencies. last november, when i opened the commonwealth heads of government meeting in trinidad and tobago, i told the delegates that the commonwealth had the opportunity to lead. today, i offer you the same message. for over six decades, the united nations has helped to shape the international response to global dangers. the challenge now is to continue to show this care and leadership while not losing sight of your ongoing work to secure the security, prosperity, and dignity of our fellow human beings.

when people in 53 years from now look back on us, they will assume many of our practices were old-fashioned. is my hope that when a judge by future generations, our sincerity, our willingness to take a lead, and their determination to do the right thing will stand the tess of time. in my lifetime, the united nations has moved from being a high-minded aspiration to being a real force for common ood. that in itself has been a sick -- single achievement. we are not gathered here to. revenue -- to reminisce. we must all work together in tomorrow's world apart as ever if we are truly to be united nations.

[applause] >> on behalf of the general assembly, i wish to express our appreciation to her majesty queen elizabeth ii for her inspired -- important and inspiring statement. i request the assembly to remain in their seats while we accompanied her majesty out of the general assembly hall. the general meeting after that will stand adjourned.

>> prime minister david cameron faces questions this morning from the opposition -- from the opposition in parliament. you can watch live coverage from the house of commons in london on c-span 2 beginning at 7:00 a.m. eastern time. >> cspan is now available in over 100 million homes bring you a direct link. this is assa public service created by america's cable companies. >> israeli prime minister benjamin merritt and that you met with president obama at the white house yesterday. the israeli prime minister said the next steps in the middle east. process would begin within a few weeks and spoke in favor of direct talks with the

palestinians. the two leaders commented on the irony in nuclear program and a blockade of the gaza strip. this is 20 minutes. >> i want to thank the prime minister for his comments on the fourth of july. that marked one more chapter in the extraordinary friendship between our two countries. as prime minister netanyahu indicated, the bond between the united states and israel is unbreakable. it encompasses our national security interests, our strategic interests, but most

importantly, the bond of two democracies who share a common set of values and whose people have rown closer and closer as time goes on. during our discussions in our private meeting, we covered a wide range of issues. we discussed the issue of the gaza strip and the commanded the prime minister on the progress that has been made and allowing more goods into the gaza strip. we have seen more progress on the ground and that has been abolished that it -- and that has been acknowledged that it has moved more quickly than people expected. there are tensions and issues there that have to be resolved, but our two countries are working ccoperatively together to deal with these issues. the quartet has been very helpful as well. we believe there is a way to make sure that the people of the

paza strip are able to prosper economically while israel is able to maintain its legitimate security needs in not allowing missiles and weapons to get tt hamas. we discussed the issue of iran. we pointed out that as a consequence of some hard work internationally, we have instituted through the un security council the toughest sanntions ever directed at an iranian government. in addition, last week i signed our own set of sanctions coming out of the united states congress, as robust as any we have ever say. other countries are following suit. we intend to continue to put pressure on iran to meet its international obligations and to

seize the kinds of provocative behavior that has made it a threat to its neighbors and the international community. we have been extensive discussion about the prospects for middle east peace. i believe that the prime minister wants peace. i think he is willing to take risks for peace. during our conversation, hh once again reaffirmed his willingness to engage in serious negotiations with the palestinians are around what i think should be the goal not just of the two principals involved but the entire world which is two states living side by side in peace and security. both countries security needs met and both have a sovereign country they can call their own. these are goals that have escaped our grasp for decades

now. now more than ever, i think is the time for us to seize on that vision. i think the prime minister is prepared to do so. it will be difficult and hard work, but we have seen already proximity talks taking place. my envoy, george mitchell, has helped to organize five of them so far. we expect those proximity talks to lead to direct talks and i believe the government of israel is prepared to engage in such direct talks and i commend the prime minister for that. there will need to be a whole set of confidence-building measures to make sure that people are serious and we are sending a signal to the region that this is not just more talk without action. i think it is also important to

recognize that the arab states be supportive of peace because although ultimately this will ultimately be determined by the israeli and palestinian peoples, they cannot succeed unless you have the surrounding states having a greater investment in the process than we have seen so far. finally, we discussed issues that arose out of the nuclear non corp conference. -- non-proliferation conference. i intimated that there is no change in u.s. policy when it comes to these issues. we strongly believe that given region that it's in, and the threats that are leveled against it that israel has unique security requirements.

threats or any combination of threats in the region and that is why we remain on wavering in our commitment to israeli security. the united states will never ask israel to take any steps that would undermine their security interests. i just want to say once again that i thought the discussion we had was excellent. we have seen over the last year how our relationship has brought a whole range of issues, economic, military issues related to israel maintaining its qualitative military edge, intelligence of sharing, and how we are able to work together effectively on the international front.

our relationship is continuing to improve and i think a lot of that has to do with the excellent work that the prime minister has done so i am grateful and welcome once again to the white house. thank you. >> thank you, mr. president. the president and i had an extensive, excellent discussion in which we discussed a broad range of issues. cooperation in the field of own- intelligence and sscurity and it is extensive, not everything is seen by the public, but it is seen and appreciated by us. we understand fully that we will work together in the coming months and years to protect our

common interests, our countries, our peoples against new threats. at the same time, we want to explore the possibilities of peace. the greatest new threatton the horizon, the single most dominant issue for many of us is the prospect that iran acquire nuclear weapons. iran is brutally terrorizing its people, spreading terrorism far and wide. i very much appreciate the president's statement that he is determined to prevent iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. that has been translated by%the president into his leadership at the security council. he has passed sanctions against iran by the u.s. bill that the president signed a few days ago. i urge other leaders to follow the president's lead and other

countries to follow the u.s. lead to adopt much tougher sanctions against iran primarily those directed against the middle east sector. we discussed a great deal about activating and moving forward the quest for peace between israel and the palestinians. we are committed to that piece. i am committed to that piece. this peace will better the lives of israelis, of palestinians, and certainly would change our region. israelis are prepared to do a lot. to get that piece and place but they want to make sure that after all what we get is a secure peace. we do not want a repeat of the situation where we vacate territories and those are overtaken by iran's proxies' and used for launching ground for terrorist attacks or rocket

attacks. i think there are solutions we can adopt. in order to proceed to the solutions, we need to begin negotiations in order to end them. we have begun proximity talks and i think it is high time to begin direct talks. with the help of president obama, presidents abbas and myself, we should engage in direct talks to reach a political settlement for peace. that is coupled with security and prosperity. this requires that the palestinian authority prepare for peace. i think at the end of the day, peace is the best option for all of us and i think we have a unique opportunity and -- in a unique time to do it. the president says he has a habit of confounding all the cynics and all the naysayers and

all those who conclude possibilities and he has shown it time and time again. i have had some opportunity to confound some cynics myself and if we work together with president abbas, then we can bring a great message of hope to our peoples, to the region, and to the world. i want to thank you, mr. president, for reaffirming me in private and now an publicly longstanding u.s. commitment to israel on matters of vital strategic importance. i want to thank you, too, for the grape hospitality you and the first lady have shown sarah and may and our entire delegation. i think we have to address the balance. i have come here a lot.

it is about time you and the first lady came to israel. >> thank you very much. we have time for one question each. >> do you think it would be possible for a settlement moratorium in the gaza strip? do you think these [unintelligible] >> the israeli government working through layers of the various governmental agencies have shown restraint over last several months that i think has been conducive to the prospects of us getting into direct talks.

my hope is that talks have begun well before the moratorium has expired that that will create a climate in which everybody feels a greater -pinvestment in success. not every action by one party or the other is taken as a reason for not engaging in talks. there ends up being more room created by more trust. i want to make sure that we sustain that over the next several weeks. i do think that there are a range of confidence-building measures that can be taken by all sides that improve the

prospects of a successful negotiation. i have discussed some of those probably with the prime minister. when president abbas was here, i discussed some of the same issues with him. i think it is important that the palestinians not look for excuses for incitement. that they are not engaging in provocative level and that the international level they are maintaining a constructive tone as opposed to looking for opportunities to embarrass israel at the same time, i have said to the prime minister that he does not mind me sharing publicly that workiig with the palestinians we have done significant work. us being able to widen the

scope of their responsibilities in the west bank is something i think would be very meaningful to the palestinian people i think some of the steps that have already taken -- already been taken in the gaza strip have begun to build confidence. and palestinians can see in concrete terms what peace can bring, that rhetoric and violence cannot bring and that as people actually having an opportunity to raise their children and make a living, buy and sell goods, and build a life for themselves which is ultimately what people in both israel and the palestinian territories want. >> the latest sanctions adopted

by the u.n. creates illegitimacy or create the legitimization for the iran nuclear program and that is important. i think the sanctions he president signeddthe other day actually have teeth. they bite. the question is how much do you need to bite. that is something i cannot enter now, but if other nations adopted similar sanctions, that would increase the effect. the more like-minded countries who joined in the american-led effort and that president obama has signed into law, i ttink the better we can give you an answer to your question. >> mr. president, in the past year we have distance ourselves from israel. do you think this was a mistake?

does this contribute to the bashing of israel and will you change that now? mr. prime minister, did you say you would continue building up in the gaaa strip? >> let me say that the premise of your question is wrong. i entirely disagree with that. if you look at every public statement i have made over the past year and a half, it has been a constant reaffirmation of the special relationship between the united states and israel. our commitment to israeli security has been unwavering. in fact, there are not any concrete policies you can point to that would contradict that. in terms of my relationship with the prime minister, i know

the press of both in israel and enjoys seeing if there is news there. the fact of the matter is that i have trusted the prime minister set -- since i met him before i was elected president and have said so publicly and privately. i think he is dealing with a very complex situation in a very tough neighborhood. what i have consistently shared with them is my interest in working with him not at cross purposes so we can achieve the kind of peace that will ensure israel's security for decades to come. that will mean tough choices. there will be times when he and i are having robust discussions about what kind of choices need

to be made, but the underlying approach never changes. that is that the united states is committed to israel's security and committed to that special. bonn al bond that we will do what is necessary to back that up with words and actions. we will continually work with the prime minister and the entire israeli government and the israeli people so we can achieve what i think has to be everybody's goal which is that people feel secure and do not feel like a rocket will land on their head. they should not feel there is a growing population that wants to direct violence against israel. that requires work. that requires difficult choices but that the strategic level and the tactical level and this is something the prime minister understands and why i think we will be able to work together

not just over the next few months but hopefully over the next several years. >> the president and i discussed concrete steps that could be done now in the coming days and weeks. to move the peace process further along in a very robust way. this is what we based our conversation on. when i say the next few weeks, that is what i mean. the president means that, too. let me make a general observation about the question before the president. i will have to paraphrase mark twain. the reports about the demise of the special u.s.-israel relationship are not just premature, they are flat wrong.

there is a depth and richness of this relationship that is our teams talk. day. we don't make it public. the only thing that is public is that you can have differences on occasion in the best of families and the closest of friends and that comes out publicly. what is not true is the fact that we have an enduring bond of the values, nterests beginning with security in the way that we share both information and other things to help the, the fans of our common interestt and many other is in the region who do not often admit to the beneficial effect of this cooperation. i think the president said the best in his speech in cairo. he said the bond between israel

and the united states is unbreakable. i can affirm that to you. today. >> thank you very much, -peverybody. stay cool out there. hydrate. >> thank you for exiting. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] on cspan this morning, "washington journal" is next with your phone calls. then we reduce supreme courses and the most recent term and later, the deputy white house speak at the campus national conference. %oday, the joint center for housing studies has a report on the current housing market in the economy