just that you are going to have inspectors there, you are going to have people in the operation of the plan so we know there is not in richmond going on to weapons grade. this is the kind of thing that should be looked at. >> secretary all right, there are obviously many different ways of handling this problem of the possibility of iran developing a nuclear bomb. secretary shultz appears to be saying that one of those has to be recognized as the u.s. using military force to stop that from happening. do you buy into that view of a settlement of the problem? . .

>> tough situation will clear whether a military option in iran would work. >> now supposing the israelees ke keep

>> now would you secretary shultz sit on the israelis and try to stop? they had it supported by iran, armed by aran. and then nothing. they have rockets that can hit televisions. they say they want to wipe it out, iran says the same thing. repeatedly, hamas and gaza say the same thing. they

you were asking here, which is how does this all go together? and therefore pushing in terms of trying to get some solution on the israel/palestinian issue is essential. trying to figure out some way to have containment of iran. i am not sure what the effect of bombing iran is generally. you raised the question, are we prepared to have a third war with a muslim country. >> that's right. >> i think that we are not in office, so people that are, have to consider the effects of all this will be. and whether there are other ways to go about dealing with this. there may be some momentary satisfaction in bombing, and the

question is where does it get you. and the army of hamas and israel is living in a terrible neighborhood. so what has to be done, is to work on these various other aspects before one says, go for it. but i think, we don't have a right to tell israel that is under extrasequential threat, one would hope they see the issue that wouldn't threaten them more. >> we only have a couple of minutes left, secretary shultz, looking back on your moment as secretary of state, is there an issue that had passed and once it was passed it ended up being a blunder for the u.s. >> no, we did everything just

right. [laughter] >> come on. >> no blunders at all? >> no blunders. >> secretary albright. >> obviously no blunders. >> was there a time -- [laughter] wait. >> was there a time perhaps when it was less of a success than you hoped? >> our worse moment in the reagan administration, and for me it was an awful moment. because i am a marine. was when the marine baracks in beirut were blown up by a suicide bomber. and that's one i look back and say, what could have been done. the military says that the

marines didn't do a decent job of protecting themselves. in a neighborhood like that, they should have been done better. but maybe there was diplomacy there -- >> but secretary, you know at the time we could have. because we knew exactly who did it and knew where they were. and president reagan was thinking about a strike and it wouldn't happen. >> but the secretary of defense wouldn't do it. >> wineberger would stop the president? >> he did. however this is what i would have done, second-guessing myself. we had the p.l.o., it's going to take a moment. >> well, we don't have the moments. >> well, i have the solution, but you don't have time. [laughter]

>> that's television for you. i tell you, we could probably go on. [applause] maybe we should. maybe we should. my instinct tells me, marvin, get off when you can. we have about three minutes left. and i would like to ask you each a question. you both have watched presidents at work during intense times of national security crisis. when there was a war won at hand. what is the quality, what is the characteristic of the president that on reflection that you say, that was absolutely essential that he had it. secretary albright. >> i think it is the capability of allowing people to disagree in front of him. and to state their views very clearly and listening to them without a preconception.

and then being able to make up his mind. but i think that people that go in, not knowing what they don't even know, don't have that capability. and the presidents that i worked for, i think allowed there to be that kind of discussion, and did not feel threaten by it. for me that's the most quality. >> secretary shultz. >> i agree with that, but i also like when they are the cool hands. they listen, they don't panic. they try to think it through. and have a strategy. i think you always want to look for a strategy. >> in advance, that you know essentially what it is that you would like to accomplish. >> you know that, if i do this, there would be reactions to it, and how i would do that and so on, to have a strategic end they am looking for.

we don't get drawn into the business of some immediate response to a particular thing without thinking through the repercussions. >> i think next time we do this program, we are going to start with you giving us the answer to the last essential question, your secret to getting to peace. but our time is up. and i want to thank secretary shultz and madam albright. and our wonderful audience here. all those on radio, television and the internet, this program is sponsored by i am marvin

kalb, and as mervin used to say, good night and good luck. [applause] >> there are 48 hours of non-fiction books and authors on book tv. on sunday john sullivan talks and that darpa is america's best idea factory. for a complete listing of books and time, visit booktv.org. >> in his weekly address, president obama urges congress

to support a bill. and that hawaii's new representative gives the republican address and calls for gop proposals to be cut in budget spending. >> as the political season heats up, americans are inundated of the phone calls and mailings and tv ads across the country. but this summer they are seeing attack ads, run by those we don't know who is behind the ads or who is paying for them. the reason is for a decision behind the courts that allows people to influence our elections. they can buy millions of dollars of tv ads, and don't have to say

who is paying for them. you don't know if it's a large corporation or b.p. or a bank. a group can hide behind a name. we tried to fix this last month. there was a supposal supported by democrats and republicans, that would require advertisers to reveal who is funding the activities. when taking to the run-ways, they would have to mention the ad. and foreign entities would be influenced to stop spending money in america. you think that running these reforms is common sense, and not an issue. but the republican leaders and

congress said no. they blocked the issue to coming up from a vote. this means that the other party want to keep the public in the dark. they don't want you to know which interests are paying for the ads, and we can't allow for this, and the fight for reform and transparency. i urge you all to take up the same fight. let's challenge each to either defend this practice or stop it. at this time in america, we can't afford these political gains. millions of americans are trying to get by, and shouldn't be drowned by secret advertising. and not let it be forgotten, that teddy roosevelt tried to

tackle political sources of corruption in political affairs. he said that every one is entitled to justice, but not one for a voice on the bench or for any public office. we now face a similar challenge and opportunity for special interests to gain more cloud in washington. this shouldn't be a democratic issue or republican issue, but one for democracy of, by and for the people. let's show the centics and the special issue that we still can. >> aloha, 90 days ago, i earned the privilege of serving

hawaii's special interest. and it didn't take me that long to figure out that washington spends more time. and the interest of washington is to spend and spend and spend more. the current situation in washington told us that we could save jobs. they were wrong, instead we lost million was jobs and unemployment remains near 10%. no price tag is too high for washington and now we are all paying the price. altogether we owe $43,000 for each man, women and child in the united states. that's a frightening number. and even more frightening that the current administration in washington intends to use this crisis to impose taxes on

individuals and businesses. we can't have real economic growth if we keep raising taxes on small businesses. according to congress' tax score keeper, higher amounts of americans will spend more under the plan, if we keep doing the same things, we are going to get the same dismal result. it's time to change direction. it's time to listen. all throughout this month, republicans have been meeting with our constituents to hear their concerns. these townhall meetings are part of our america speaking out project. that gives americans a megaphone and the solutions to turn things around. to participate in this effort, log on to

americaspeakingout.com, post an idea or comment on someone's elses. as we speak, thursday of perkulating on american's speaking out. as part of this collaboration, congress to get things working together. lead by congress, and a panel on which i serve, have identified more than 1.3 trillion in washington spending that we can cut now. from canceling unspent stimulus funds and tarp bailout money, these proposals recognize that what our economy needs is more private sector jobs, not more public sector programs. of course this is just a start, much more needs to be done to make sure that washington has gone on a glass spending spree.

these are steps that we can take now, that america is serious about getting its fiscal house in order. when congress returns, speaker pelosi can bring our 1.3 trillion dollars of spending cuts to the house. even if they do not support less spending, they should provide for those of us who do, to give the american people the common sense discipline they are demanding. visit americaspeakingout.com, and may god bless you and may god bless america. aloha. >> you are watching c-span, next the funeral service for former

alaska senator, ted stevens who died in a plane crash. and after that former secretaries of state, george shultz and madeline albright, talk about challenges they faced in their former position. sunday on "washington journal," the co-founder on the economic impact of flooding in pakistan. and then steven coen, talks about the whistle blowers and efforts. and next bobby ghosh looking at

americans, plus your phone calls on "washington journal." >> i am not saying that these comments are wrong, let me be clear, i never took steroids. >> for information on clemens speech about steroids, watch what you want, when you want. >> next the funeral service for former alaska senator, ted stevens. he was the longest serving republican senator in the history, and died earlier this month. we will hear from joe biden,from the anchorage baptist church,

this is a little more than an hour. moment to be mindful in our thoughts and prayers of those who died along with the senator in the accident and for those who are recovering now. and their families. i have only one point i would like to make concerning senator ted stevens and that is to say that senator stevens was a man of god. there are certain circles it would find it rather surprising, if not difficult, to put god and a politician in the same sentence. however, think about it.

what each of our senators and congssional delegation are challenged to is to love those in the serves -- who they served. certainly, if we think of the words of st. john the baptist, excuse me, st. john the apostle, who wrote one of the several of the letters of the new testament. he said a pattern for linking the love of god with the love of neighbor. he put it very simply and very straight. if you cannot love your neighbor, you cannot love god.

the two are inseparable. the two are mutually demanded. if we could borrow a line from one of the ancient broadway plays, they both go together. you cannot have one without the other. that is where the life of senator stevens, i think, takes a very special note. he understood that. not only tha he lived it because he realized that his work in the sense w not going to be measured by appropriationsnd deaths --

appropriation and deaths. -- gifts. rather, what he wanted for himself was to be known as one who loved his people. he certainly served them, but he also loved them. that is why i say he is a man of god. he loved his neighbor and he loved god. that is the essence of t message of jesus christ. in the book of wdom, there are a number of things that are said that are appropriate. the souls of the just are not

going to suffer torment, for the foolish seem to be dead. this seemed to see passing away as an affliction. even utter destruction. but the souls of the just are at peace. the hope of the dead is filled with immortality, chastised, but god found the more the. -- were the. -- worthy. as a sacrificial offering, he took his sufferings to himself. the fahful will abide in him. the book of revelation is an

echo of the old testament. as john roach, iraq -- as john wrote, i heard a voice from heaven, a blessed are those who died in the lord. the spirit response, yes, they will rest from their labors because their works go with them. ted showed his love for god and for his neighbor. we have no hesitancy in entrusting him to almighty god. i would like to add one little notes. it might be called sort of a spiritual lobbying.

we know that the lord will have no hesitancy in welcoming ted as one of his own, but we do hope that the lord has a building big enough to accommodate all the good works that are going to go with him. the other point is, i am not sure how this fits, but if we can imagine that in heaven, they worked through committees -- [laughter] then all alaskans primarily

would be asking that god put ted on t appropriations committee. [laughter] [applause] ted, on behalf of everyone here, i say simply that not only do we love you, but we sell beloved in new in your work and in your relationship with people. because of that, the lord will extend his armof welcome to you. it will always be our prayer that we, in turn, will be able to go to the lord with the same confidence and a glove -- and love as we see today extended by the lord.

>> the honorable lisa murkowski reading a legacy of dreams. >> alaska hasost a giant. we are gathering together across the state to remember and celebrate all that ted stevens was to so many of us. but we learned -- when we learned of the tragic accidental, all across the state, people gathered together to share their stories of the

fe of ted stevens. to people in corva gathered to get -- together in their neighborhood, all came into one house, sharing coffee, a watching brief runs but c-span -- watching reruns of c-span when he delivered his last floor speech. we have seen the big banners that express the thanks to ted. i was flying down from fairbanks a few days ago and the flight attendant came over the intercom system and gave the most incredibly warm and beautiful impromptu tributes to said stevens -- to ted stevens to all of those who were assembled on that flight. just last evening, thousands of alaskans lined the streets in

the rain and in the damp to stand with signs paying tribute to our senator. these alaskans were not just out to pay tribute or show respect for the office. alaskans across the state are out to express the honor for the man, the trip before the man, and truly the love for ted stevens. ted was alaska. he just was alaska. he will be remembered for all that he built in his state going as far back as statehood, whether it had to do with our fisheries, aviation safety, a

telecommunications, rural health care, the military, all that he has done tbuild our state. they are legendary. his legacy, and his legacy rests not just with the infrastructure and the programs that he has created, but really that legacy rests with the lives that he touched. all those thousands and thousands of liv that he touched over the years. and we all have our ted stories. sometimes it was nothing more then, i shook his hand in the airport. he was famous for his handwritten notes expressing a condolence, congratulations. it was bill little things that ted had a passion -- it was the

little things that ted had a passion for this land and this people that he represented. he treated them not as constituents. he treated them as neighbors. he treated them as friends. that was returne he helped raise so many young alaskans. he would see the talent and a young person and he would help to grow that. he would encourage that. as so many who are gathered here you have been touched in one way, shape, form by the life of ted steve, by the hand of ted stevens, that will continue. it that will continue for decades come. it was through his example, through the life that he led to comment that he taught us about trust, loyalty.

he taught us about tenacity and commitments. never, ever, ever giving up. he taught us about faith in god and faith in prayer and love for our country at a times. ted date so many -- ted gave so many the wings tfly. we see that in our state daily. just three weeks ago, we were gathered here in your church, and the question was asked, what are you looking forward to, ted? he said, spending that time with the grandkids. giving them those wings to fly. as importa as ted stevens is to last is history, he was all

about alaskas future. the legacy of dreams and the hope and confidence that he left alaskans surrounds all of us. to the family, to catherine, to each of you, we thank you for sharing this extraordinary man with each of us. on behalf of alaska and everywhere, we thank you and we love you, uncle ted. i had been passed by the family to read a column entitled "to all legacy of the dreams." -- " a legacy of the dreams."

i would leave a legacy of dreamso. the generation gap, igniting a fire in the youth and old alike. only the eternal flame spirit to light a path of change. i would leave a legacy of dreams that breed the best, a stalwart race o many free and fresh and kenya as the great north land, creating magic from the natural thing is at hand. i would leave aegacy of dreams, sculpture a realm of courtesy and respect, a joy in doing, a pride in workmanship were each might show an understanding compassion.

i would leave a legacy of dreams that each might note his own, yet share and share in peace and amity shining the godless urged to do another anin. i would leave a legacy of dreams for all to reach beyond the ttom line of now, to wear green grasses grow says brightly for tomorrow. i would leave a legacy of dreams. >> would you sing with us, please? ♪

["faith of our fathers"]

>> tha you, and please be seated. our scripture reading today is 1psalm 1:21. he will behold he that he did israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. the lord is thy keeper. the lord is thy shade upon thy

right hand. the lord shall preserve thee from all evil. he shall presee thy soul. the lord shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in for this time forth and even for ever more. the lord bless the reading of his word. at this time, we wld like for our special guest speakers to be escorted to the platform.

>> ladies and gentlemen, we are honored here in alaska today to have the vice-president of the united states present, joe biden. >> thank you for the welcome. i am the one who was honored. i am honored to be asked to say a few words. i must really pinch myself to fully understand that i am privileged to speak on the floor

of the u.s. senate. coming from the boy i had, i could never have even dreamed of being here today. home is where the heart is, mr. president, that is so, i have two homes. one is right here in this chamber, the other one is in my beloved state of alaska. i must leave one to return to the other. nothing that i can think of describes your father better than that statement he made on the floor of the united states senate to. your dad used toid me about the fact that " a lot of irish politics. ey think i called them because i'm irish. i do that because they're the best poets. [laughter]

your dad had a lot in common with what of the irish poet said i have quoted free longtime, james joyce. james joyce once said, when i die, dublin will be written in my heart. i have no doubt, not a single doubt in my mind, that alaska is written in ted's heart. --'s het is big enough there also written across the big heart. it never had to wonder what was in his heart. it was obvious to everyone who knew him. it was obvious to me the day i met him as a 29-year-old kid was just elected to the united

states senate. i have said it before to my colleagues in the senate. i see some many loyal friends to ted out there. a significant portion of the money that belongs in delaware and new york and george--- and georgia resides right here in alaska. [laughter] [applause] i like to say that we did it willingly. [laughter] everyone of us to serve with ted -- and i served with ted for 37 years -- we all immediately knew what was in his heart. i have said it before and my colleagues have heard me say this before.

senator mansfield once told me, every man or woman that comes into the united states senate brings with them a piece of their state. everyone who goes there bring something of a piece of their state. ted stevens, unlike any other man or woman with whom i served, was his state. from the eerie silence of the tundra to the mountains piercing the sky to fierce independence combined with a strong sense of community all of you alaskans have, at these things more than describe alaska. they define a way of life. and no state has ever had been more fierce defender then -- of that state's way of life than ted stevens. he took such incredible pride in

his family in this place. you and alaska took great pride in ted as well and with good reason. from the valerie demonstrated in world war -- valor demonstrated in world war ii do is for decades in service to the people of alaska, there was one thing you could be certain of -- you could always count on ted stevens. whatever ted stevens said, whatever ted stevens gave you his hand, whenever ted stevens made a commitment, you could absolutely bet your life on the fact that he would keep the commitment. everyone also knows that ted

friendship and support was not bounded by ideology. it had no bounds. none whatsoever. when i came to the senate in 1973, i was 100 out of 100 in seniority. many of myolleagues, some of whom are here today, offered help to get mehrough a pretty tough time in my life. very few offered as warm of an embrace as the republican senator who i had never met in my life. he walked across the floor of the senate to my corner gas -- my corner desk and extended his hand and said, i want to get to know you. we want you to come to dinner.

he was parked -- back in those days, we actually hung out with one another. we actually cared a lot about one another. it did not have anything to do with democrat or republican. that was part of a close-knit senate family within the senate family. that family took me into their family. i was reminding te's daughter that when she was -- in 1973 at a dinner,ecause they use to once a month have dinner at one another's homes. they insisted that this 30 year- old lawyer -- well aware -- widower become part of that

family. they were a life preserver during a difficult time. they were there for me in 1973. we were all there for ted in 1978 when he lost and. -- anne. we began to rebuild our lives with katherine and joe. -- jill. no man deserves one great love in his life, let alone two. he and i share that distinction. we celebrated each other's joyous occasions, including the birth of our daughters within weeks of one another. in the early days, we used to have birthdays together in the senate dining room. ted and died -- ted and i were

bonded over shared similar tragedies and celebrated life's joys together. there are a lot of stories about his power as the united states senator. when one strand runs through every single solitary thing i observed ted do in the 37 years and that was his word was his bond. his personal generosity was surprising in how quickly it was offered. one of the things i love most about ted is the pride he took in his family the people, the places, the things loved the most. ted jr., i remember we were flying over the bering straits with your dad in a helicopter and he was pointing everything

out. he pulled out a photograph that was five by seven. it was a picture of the guys standing on a deck of the boat that look like it was about to sink with a lobster claw and it was full of ice and it looked like it was going to sink. he held out and said, that is my ted. that is what he does. i do not know how many times i called ken -- i called him. my daughter just got a master's degr from the university of

pennsylvania and she graduated with a 3.93. i call ted and told him. i said, and nobody has ever done that well. he said, we have. [laughter] i know more about all six of you than you want me to know. you know, one of the measures i apply to true friendship is if your friend is willing to share with you the things that he or she values most. ted was arue friend. he shared with all of those who called him a friend all those things he vald. ted stevens probably and

unapologetically did everything he could do to improve the lives of the citizens of his beloved alaska. in return, he is going to live on in the state's history, not only as a man who literally helped create this state, but the man who ao built it into the great state has the,. your state legislature was absolutely right in naming him the alaskan of the century. i know of no united states senator who was ever been given such an honor. i think no habitat beyond being a father and husband made more prop -- made tadmor proud. for its time back in the interior department when his office door said alaska

headquarters to actually writing the alaska state act tt president eisenhower signed in 1958, ted stevens was alaska. maybe that is why his closest friends in the senate is a man you are about to hear from. he is this -- he has a similar background. they both got their estates into the union. if ted had been japanese, they would have been brothers. war heroes, incredible similarities. incredible similarities. ladies and gentlemen, in the summer of 1899, edward henry harriman assembled a crew of 125

high-profile writers, artists, and scientist aboard a ship. their mission was to survey the alaskan coast. one of the men on board that ship was probably the second most important person in alaska history. he was one of the first to put the majesty of alaska into words and to place it in america's consciousness. i would like tshare something that he wrote to and that i find especially fitting today. "a few minutes ago, every tree was excited, aut an to the roaring storm, tossing the branches and glorious enthusiasm like worship. the to the outer ear, that these trees are now silent, their songs will never cease.

the glorious enthusiasm of ted stevens may have gone silent to our adherent -- our culture year, but for all of us, especiallyith this crowd of a beautiful state, his song will never cease. my prayer to you, catherine, and the entire stephens family, is that his memory will soon bring a smile to your lips before it brings a tear to your eye. i pray that number will come sooner than later. from experience, i guarantee you that itill come. the people of alaa, i can say withbsolute certainty without fear of contradiction, we shall not look upon his like again. i was proud to be his friend.

>> thank you, mr. vice president. ladies and gentlemen, the honorable mitch mcconnell, minority leader of the united states senate, from kentucky. thank you for coming today. . . >> catherine, then, susan, bath, -- beth, walter, ted, lily, members of this magnificent stephens family, the

vice-president, reverend clergy, senate colleagues, distinguished guests and friends, last week, american said goodbye to one of its great men. ted stevens was respected and revered in washington and throughout the lower 48 for his service to this country and as many legislative achievements and his legendary and gritgrit. ted colleagues in the senate lost a dear friend and yes, even sometimes feared. it is obvious to everyone that the people of alaska lost something even more.

one of the things you learn when you come here for the first time is that despite its size, alaska is a very small place. people know each other. everyone, everyone knew ted stevens. he is an omnipresent reality. from the airport here in anchorage to the remotest villages, attends contribution to alaska are as fast as the state itself. it is hard to imagine that any one man ever meant more than any one state then ted stevens. of course, it did not have to be that way.

on he's been the a little time in washington, tune noticed that some senators with a double life. they can play one role in washington and another bacin their home states. they can use their job in the senate as a platform to reach a national audience beyond their own constituents back home. and for four decades, ted stevens was a living, breathing antithesis to that approach. in his view, if it was not good for alaska, it was not good, period. [laughter] as a young man, netiquette baltic it that 49 star on the flag. -- ted all tickets at 49th star

on the plight. he helped to transform alaska into a modern state. he came to washington with a mission and he was faithful to that mission to the end. and every alaskan here and across the state should know that ted stevens devoted every day of his life, not to the promotion of himself, but to you. it took a lot of effort, but ted was clearly the right man for the job. former chiefs of staff remembers being taken a back on his first trip to alaska with ted. when he showed up at ted's house to pick them up at 6:00 in the morning, he learned that had

had arctic on to the briefing book he had been given the night before, read all the daily papers, and had already been on the phone to washington for a couple of hours. by the end of the trip, he said he needed a vacation for billing for two weeks what ted stevens had been doing for 39 years. ted would say that he worked so hard because there was always so much work to do. alaskans did not have the benefit of centuries of infrtructure and development. and he did everything he could to make sure the rest of his colleagues knew about it, first hand. most lawmars in washington, when you meet them for the first time, they might invite you to join them for dinner somewhere around tn. ted stens invited you to alaska. he wanted us to appreciate the unique challenges that people who lived here face every day

in and every day out. and i can assure you -- turning down an invitation to alaska from ted stevens was not recommended. [laughter] in ft, an entire generation of federal officials and lawmakers trekked up. ted stevens -- trekked up here to ted stevens' vitation. th were impressed by t magnificence of the scenery and just how much of alaska as progress is the direct result of this remarkable man. he poured himself into this place, treating it like one of his children. and to the people of alaska, i assure you, uncle ted. whatever it took to make sure

that your concerns were known and that -- uncle ted did whatever it took to make sure that your concerns were known and met. it was a privilege discern -- to serve alongside him in the senate. we missed him for the past two years and we agreed with -- ive with the stevens family. his legacy will last as long as the flag is flown. >> thank you, senator mcconnell.

ladies and gentlemen, i am happy to present to you the honorable daniel k. in a way -- inouye. he is the senator from hawaii. >> my dear friends, we arrived in anchorage last evening after a six-hour journey from allied -- all white. i must say that it was a sad journey. the plane was quiet.

believe it or not, no one drank. there were no movies. just whispers. because we for all: to anchorage -- we were all going to anchorage to say goodbye to a friend. yes, this is a time of mor urning. we mourn for katherine who lost her husband, a great man, a great companion. we mourn for your children who got all love you dearly, he stood up for you time and time again, bravely, to protect un defend you. yes, he was a big bother, a good father.

father, a goodt father. he told me once, he was glad that i was a grandfather. he was the old as grandfather in the not a state senate. [laughter] he said that he was looking for to several more. so, girls -- [laughter] keep in mind. this is a time of mourning, but it is also a time of reflection and celebration. many words have been spoken, printed, written about ted. they have reminded us of that tragic year, 1978, when he lost

his beloved ann. wh i saw him, he said why ann and not me? he was ready to give up but he realized he had a duty to carry out. so he stuck on. thank god. that has reminded us -- when we all knew it, he was not guilty and he was vindicated, cleared of all charges. [applause]

well, much has been said about his going to harvard, becoming a lawyer, and he served in california. i like to share with you a few personal footnotes. i not know if you remember this, but ted was sworn and of december 24, 1978. christmas eve. he was a christmas gift to alaska. [laughter] in many ways, he was. i call them up and said, let's get together. and we did. and we sensed that we had many things in common.

we served in world war ii, halfway around the world. he loved veterans, he loved the military. then we were representing territories which were appendages to the nation. we were the forgotten people. did you know that it was cheaper to call tokyo from honolulu? it was cheaper to call beijing from anchorage? yes, we were considered not only foreign. we did something about it.

[laughter] [applause] then one day, he called me up and said, i want to see you. so i got to his office. anhe said, there is a lot of oil improve obey -- in prudh bay. we have to figure out a way to get it down here so we can sell it. i said, how do you propose to do it? he said, i am going to build a pipeline. i said, you are nuts. [laughter] you know what happened? when the oil began flowing through the pipe, it gave off friction.

if he did that area, the snow melted, grass grew 12 months a year, e elk came by to eat, and they loved it. and now the elfl flock is five times what it was before the pipeline. for some reason, he always invited me to go on his congressional delegations to other parts of the world. but he always picked those that somehow members sort of round upon. they could not take their wives, there were no shopping places, anything like that. for example, we were one of the first ones to go to afghanistan

and iraq. it was so early, we stayed in tents. when we got there, it was dark -- no lights. this was a combat zone. and so i inquired, like all men should, where ithe men's room? we are in a tent. and so the colonel said, go down he, turn right, turn left, turn right, and turn right. and it was about two city blocks. [laughter] i let it ted and said, what are you going to do? [laughter] well, you gothe answer. [laughter]

as the vice president and senator mitch indicated, his work was good. his word w absolutely dead. you could take it to a bank. -- his word was absolutely good. you could take it to a bank. and he was also a tenacious. he called me one day and said, i want you to come to alaska and see the natives. which we did. anas a result of that trip to gather -- to gather, wheat conjured up all kinds of things, not jt schools and hospitals and clinics and roads, but other things. for example, at that time if you lived out in the village, there were no roads, and you could not

fly in. but the village usually had a nurse. they needed a way to communicate somehow. ted and i began this high-tech business, it was from that trip. now it is commonplace all over the place. ted was that type of person but soon after the vietnam war, when the country was divided, with soldiers returning from the front who literally had to sneak in at night because there were no welcoming bands and parades. the country responded by saying,

from now on we will have only volunteers, no drafts. and ted said, if a man or woman is willing to put on the uniform and stand in harm' way and risked death to defend me, to protect me, i am gog to do everything possible to be of help so that they can come home to their loved ones, to their wives, their sweethearts, to their sons and daughters. and i hope you will join me. that is the kind of fellow he was. the veterans of america -- [applause] the veterans of america, the

military family of america, lost a good friend. but there are many of us here who will do our damnedest to carry on his work. i have so many things in my heart i would like to share with you, but as a result of our relationship and trust, friendship, me -- we will make the word bipartisan become real. real. and as you look around here among his colleagues, former colleagues, you will see a lot of democra. the vice-president is democratic. yes.

[laughter] [applause] no, unlike this audience. -- you know, i like this audience. you understand doubletalk. [laughter] as a result of this friendship, we came across this legislative process that we call congressional initiative. for those who want to be negative about it, they call it earmarks. ted was the grandfather of earmarks. [laughter] and you can thank him for that. [applause]

on march 9, 2005 ted gave an interview to the vfw, and this is what he had to say. i would like to close with these words. and i quote, as a young boy growing up in california, my dream was to become a pilot. during world war ii, that dream became true when i flew in the army air corps and supported the air force in china. those of us who served in world war ii have been called the greatest generation. those of us who answered the call to service to what we call it the work war -- the forgotten war, there are a few of us left. but as we see the heroism and

reverie of those w served in our armed forces today, we know that they are truly our greatest generation. it takes an extraordinary person too the job asked of the men and women in the military today. the world is a dangerous place, and this is a new era with new threats and determined enemies. our men and women in uniform preserve our freedom abroad. as a veteran, i salute them. this nation owes a great debt to them. and to every american who has served. farewell, friend. we will nev forget you. [applause]

♪ [instrumental >> senator ted stevens, dead at the age of 86. he served the people of alaska from 89 -- late 1968 to early 2009, the longest serving republican senator in history. next on c-span, remarks from new orleans mayor image landrieu on

the state of his city five years after hurricane katrina. then former secretaries of state george shultz and madeleine albright talk about challenges they faced in their position. after that, like it challenges facing veterans returning from iraq. >> sunday, massachusetts congressman edward markey talks about the gulf of mexico oil spill and its impact on u.s. energy policy. he chairs the select committee on energy independence and is interviewed on "newsmakers." >> one of the things i regret about political and rhetorical life in washington is that every major figure from the president on down is merely reading what

some committee has produced. >> phil terzian road about presidents in architects of power and as literary editor of the washington standard. >> now, remarks from new orleans mayor mitch landrieu and the state of his city by years after hurricane katrina. he also talked about the bp oil rig explosion and urged administration officials to continue to monitor the situation in the gulf. hosted by the national press club, this is an hour.

>> the afternoon and welcome to the national press club. i am a reporter for bloomberg news and the president of the national press club. we are the world's leading professional organization for journalists and are committed to the future of the profession. for more information about the press club, visit our web site at www.press.or.g to donate, please visit the same website. on behalf of our members worldwide, i would like to welcome our speaker and attendees which include guests of our speaker as well as working journalists. i would also like to welcome the c-span and public radio audience. after the speech, i will ask as many audience questions as time permits. i would now like to introduce our head table guests. from your right, frank snelix, a realtor and special guest. larry-3, a librarian and a member of the national press club. glenn marcus, an independent writer and producer for public television. emily arrata, deputy director for affairs of new orleans. and energy reporter.

another editor. senator mary landreua. we have anjou schneider -- andrew schneider. a reporter for usa today and a past president of the press club. jane campbell, chief of staff for senator land true. the washington bureau chief of the salt lake tribune. and the executive vice president of external affairs for volunteers of america and a member of the national press club. [applause] on this day five years ago, a storm was forming in the

atlantic ocean that would first report new orleans and then drown it. hurricane katrina's devastation was immense. neighborhoods and towns disappeared. much of the area's population fled to batten ruche -- baton rouge never to return. five years later, new orleans still grapples with this, with each success tempered by looming challenges. our speaker, a two-time lieutenant governor, took office as mayor to lead the city out of the muck. he inherited a $67 million budget deficit, a police investigation for civil rights and -- is civil rights issue, the murder rate 10 times the average u.s. number. he says he will not gloss over the problems of the city.

he has asked the department of justice to reform the trouble police department. he has asked bp for a $75 million grant to promote tourism and he has cut $30 million from the city budget. questions remain about new orleans. can it recover from katrina and tackle the underlying problems? the mayor is here to talk about his plan. please welcome new orleans mayor mitch landrieu. [applause] >> thank you all so much. the people were wrong. if your telephone is on, the only forgiveness you get is if it rings when the saints go marching in.

thank you so much for having me. we meet in difficult times. the national economy continues to struggle. millions are out of work. after three long months, the well in the gulf is capped but the die has been cast. over 200 million gallons of oil need to be cleaned up to save one of the most delicate and important ecosystems in the world. next week, we will commemorate the fifth anniversary of katrina. five years after, i stand here to thank all of you who helped us survive and recover and to rebuild. to the first responders and the millions of volunteers, the faith based organizations and taxpayers, the cities that took us in, to the many nations of the world who came to our aid, the people of new orleans thank you and offer our eternal gratitude. but for both katrina and the bp oil catastrophe, our future is

not just about survival. it is about resurrection. it is about redemption. it is about getting things right. we are not rebuilding the city we were but we are trying to create a city that we want to become. the world and we deserved a better new orleans. it has been five years since katrina stormed to the gulf of mexico. five years since the levees broke. five years since floodwaters from the mid-may disaster devastated an area nine times the size of washington d.c. and displaced more than 1.3 american citizens. five years and we still grieve for the 1800 people who lost their lives. however, we come to remember and we must never forget that in the fifth year of the 21st century, for four horrific days,

there was anarchy on the streets of america. the government failed to do its job and the people suffered. it is a moment we should never forget and it is one we should never repeat. we have had a and high water. pain and salvation. we have survived katrina, read it cannot fight, gustave, the great recession and bp. the message is clear. we are still standing unbroken and ready to face whatever challenges come our way. not because we want to but because we have to. horrific as they were, and now that -- they did not create our problems but they made them worse. they made them more visible. for example, crime has been

unacceptably high for a generation. we are grappling with an education system that was failing prior to hurricane katrina. our health care statistics have always been bleak. we continued to lack of affordable housing. when taking office, we were left with a multimillion-dollar budget deficit. we have huge infrastructure problems and the number of our on paved roads hour battle for the heart and soul and the future of new orleans is being waged on many fronts been the case with these awesome challenges, one could easily turn and walk away. we do not have this luxury. even if we did, it would not be in our nature. ironically, it and the depth of our problems that new orleans that we are uniquely poised to be the city that the fund's 21st century america.

we're building from the ground up and setting the standard for true community renewal. we are the most immediate laboratory for innovation and change and our success or failure will be the symbol for america's ability to accomplish great things, or not. crating a 21st century begins with making our cities safe. upon entering office, we entered into a partnership of the department of justice and we have the full weight of the federal their hobert bridging of the federal government behind her reforms. the long-term solution to crime buster with providing an excellent education to the next generation of leaders. we have been on the cutting edge of education reform. there is no longer a school system but a system of schools that are held accountable, have high standards, focus on results and engage families. parents and students choose where to attend schools and

schools that fail to live up to high standards are not allowed to stay open. the extraordinary thing about new orleans public schools is the results. after decades of stagnation, test scores have risen markedly for the past three years. one of the primary goals of primary health care reform is the usher in a new primary care network exactly like the one currently operating in the city of new orleans. today, with an 87 never had health clinics provide primary care to 290,000 residents. this access to care is unparalleled. it is affordable and focuses on preventative care and is rooted in the community and best of all, it is readily scalable. this is not an unrealized plans for a distant future. this is health care in new orleans today. the system is still in peril. we are so far ahead of the curve that the funding is not available without further

federal or state support. our network of neighborhood based health clinics is a small part of another bold idea taking root, community development. this is where different public and private entities work together to cluster amenities in close connection to multi income housing. undersecretary came to new orleans, he went to a mixed development. the plan for the neighborhood includes middle schools and high schools and early childhood learning center, in preparation facility, libraries, retail and green space. all serves one neighborhood. at columbia park is just one of the community developments under way. new orleans today is the largest urban planning effort in american history. together, we will build and revitalize communities that are

safe, healthy, and strong. we can do more. we can do so much more. in order to get this done, we need to bring down the silas' that exist across federal, state, and local agencies both horizontal and vertical we cannot think of housing and health care is separate and unrelated health care policies to be addressed separately. initiatives must be integrated and coordinated so all the money can go at the same time and same place to produce something that is worthwhile. as it begins to stand tall, the people have rallied around our progress to find common ground. as we continue to struggle, 77% of the residents believe we are heading in the right direction. at the end of the day, we have the same hopes. six streets, excellent schools and good jobs. the people of new orleans walk

together, or an arm, to make the city a better place to live. it is the coolest place in america. passionate young people are streaming into the city. there has been a revival of volunteerism and the vibrant spirit is on display. last year, we have the biggest mardi gras in history and it is just getting better. in the next four years, we are hosting the final four, the b.c. has championship and the 2014 super bowl where i predict the saints will win their fourth consecutive championship. [applause] since the bp oil catastrophe, president obama has visited new orleans twice and will join us for the fifth anniversary commemoration of katrina. from our first day in office, he and his administration have been key parts.

11 of the 15 cabinet secretaries have traveled to new orleans in the past few months, most more than once. we are deeply appreciative of his support. he believes in new orleans. after every challenge we face, the opportunity exists to change cannot improve, and grow. there is no more pressing issue than the crisis off of our coast. on april 19, the bp read exploded and 11 men lost their lives. we still grieve for them today. for nearly three months, bp could not find a way to tap that well which spewed the equivalent of the exxon valdez disaster every four days. over 200 million gallons of oil flooded into the gulf and the effect will be felt for years to come. in the coming months and years, but the $6 billion in economic output, 24,000 jobs could be lost not to mention the cost to

the suffering families. everyone is affected. from shrimpers to boat dock operators, hotel workers to waiters, crane operators to tour bus operators, it just keeps going and going. the bad economy has hurt local government with the bp disaster for their impact in revenue. this is a cascading and far reaching crisis. our way of life is threatened and everyone of us knows what is at stake. it is true that bp has finally capped the whole and the immediate mission is clear, capture the soil, clean the coast, compensate those that

have been impacted. hear this, bp and others are acting like this is the beginning of the end. it is not. a study said that 70% of the oil remains in the ecosystem. this is the beginning of the beginning. this it is after another defining moment for the country and for new orleans. we must reflect on the past and chart a new course for work. before the bp oil catastrophe, the wetlands, america's wetlands, or already disappearing. for almost 100 years, the louisiana coast has been slashed and burned. since 1930, over 1900 square miles of wetlands have been lost.

the area lost this the same size as the metro area of washington d.c., houston, n.y., atlanta, denver, and los angeles combined. every year, 15,300 acres of coast evaporate into the gulf. that is the same as losing the national mall 100 times. by the time i finished the speech, another acre of america will have disappeared. we are committing coastal suicide while weakening our country. the destruction of louisiana wetlands is a direct result of human action, not mother nature. over the past 70 years, levy and dam construction has stopped the national flow of -- natural flow of river. fertilizer runoff from forming in iowa and illinois create

innoxious clouds that kill everything in its path as it traverses down the mississippi river. a dead zone is credited in the gulf that is an astounding 7000 square miles, larger than the side of the state of connecticut. the most damaging are the oil companies 10,000 miles of canals and pipelines that snake through the marshes and bring oil and gas to onshore refineries to provide energy to all of the people in this country. the dredging for pipeline and canals allows salt water from the gulf to flood and poison the wetlands. when our children go fission, even they concede the land that has disappeared. islands vanish. rows of trees are submerged. waves like close to our homes and are committed these. it seems to have happened so quickly but really, it was generations in the making. the bp catastrophe has accelerated the destruction and

heighten the awareness of how close to the brink we really are. a coastal expert says with 200 million gallons of oil in the gulf, the coast is like a cancer patient who has come down with pneumonia. the ammonia is serious but after the fever breaks, you will still have cancer. if all we do is clean up the oil, we will have cured the pneumonia, not the cancer. we will have missed the bigger point and squander the opportunity to make lasting changes to save our home and make our country strong again. the people of the gulf coast face this reality every day and the rest of the nation is to support projects that can protect what it is that we have left. americans have a stake in louisiana's coast. the strength of the nation's economy depends upon it. the u.s. economy is intimately linked to the gulf coast.

for decades, we have been the tip of the sphere. every year, louisiana provides america with more oil and gas then this nation imports from saudi arabia. americans consume 21 million barrels of oil per day. only 8 million is produced domestically. 25% of that comes from the gulf of mexico. not to mention that louisiana is also the home to five of the nation's top 15 busiest ports. we are the gateway to the nation's goods. with 460 million tons of cargo annually shipped down the mississippi and moved up the river, let us not take for granted but the coast is the home to the second largest fishing industry in america annually accounted for 30% of all seafood consumed in this country. whether it is food, clothing, metal, oil, the rest of america

can rely on us to put food on the table, keep the lights on and keep the gas in the tank. contrary to popular belief,- this not come from the gas pump. by focusing on higher short- term profits, instead of long- term sustainability. we are greedily robbing resources from future generations. decades of bad deals have left the decade -- had left the coast defiled. the federal government is taking billions of dollars of revenue from our shores and register bidding to other parts of the country. national environmental groups cluster on the east and west coast leaving local environmental groups on the gulf coast to fend for themselves. at the same time, bp has been incredibly irresponsible and negligent. they are -- to have arguably the worst safety record and the country.

they had no plans for capturing oil of a blowout preventer failed. bp consistently attract its feet to cleanup and compensate and seemed to treat the crisis with disdain. they just wanted to have their life back as if it was our fault. once bp is finished pillaging the coast, shirking their responsibility, they are poised to cut and run. to run a $50 million advertising campaign, they vowed to make it right but their words did not match their actions. if they really wanted to restore the reputation and invest in the gulf committed the, they would act quickly, not slowly. they would move their regional headquarters to new orleans, lay down roots in the committed the cannot compensate everybody that has been impacted. that would fund seafood testing and make substantial investments and restoring the coast and it would not have taken them over 100 days to grudgingly and only partially

funding health initiatives for community suffering. they have still not responded to urgent requests for food and economic aid. their actions are of a company that is not truly sorry and not willing to forge a new path. these decisions are made by a company whose corporate culture today seems to be focused on share price and the bidding liability, not by corporate morality. that is a shame. bp can redeem themselves and to truly make things right but they must act now. we welcome and encourage them to do so. louisiana refuses to be used, to be abused, and to be thrown away any longer. it is time to change course, innovate, adapt, and hope for a better future. hope is no substitute for a plan. in the short term, we must lift the moratorium on deep well

drilling. it is possible to drill safely and to protect our environment. energy consumption continues to rise. americans did not want to drill in alaska. off the coast of florida, off of the east coast for california or buy from foreign dictators. as we aggressively pursue viable alternative forms of energy, we cannot rely on wind sales or biofuels for solar alone. renewable energy sources can only fill 7% of our daily demand. we must drill safely and securely in a way that sustains our energy needs, restores our coast and provides us a bridge to the future. just this past week, blake dynamics announced the creation of a wind turbine factory that will create 600 new green jobs in new orleans. we are in the business of providing every type of energy.

this is perfectly reasonable. it is not a zero sum game. we are not limited to drill, baby, drill. we can do better. we must drill and restore. we know how to restore. we note the importance of land building divergence and sediment pumping systems. some of the best minds are dedicated to solving this problem. we have a way. we now need the will and now we need the resources. according to the clean water act, the federal government can find the government up to -- find bp up to $21 billion dollars. the lion's share of that should go to restore the land. a fair share of the royal -- royalties must be dedicated to restoring the coast. that does not go into effect until 2017. congress should pass

legislation to enact it immediately. the entire industry has had an impact on the coast. an ethic of conservation and stewardship is as old as the country itself and should be renewed. it is up to oil companies to step up the great a conservation fund to protect and conserve the coast. the other oil-producing nations have already said -- set this precedent. how ironic that the corporate home of bp takes 50% of revenue of the top from oil and gas profits. brazil, 60%. china, 75% put the federal government should take -- pales in comparison to these other countries. oil and gas companies pay far less to drill here and have fewer restrictions on restoring the land were destroyed. increasing rates by slight margin would produce billions of dollars of restoration funding.

last year alone, while maintaining global competitive advantages, -- . fast tracking respond revenue sharing and an increase and will to payments, the gulf coast would finally have the funds necessary to start restoring the wetlands and unable another generation to benefit from our national -- natural resources. this is not a partisan issue that divides us. our way of life depends on sustainable drilling. we must preserve and protect what it is that we have left. president theodore roosevelt set the course when he wrote it is not what we have that will make is of great nation, it is the way in which we use it. it is time to stop exploiting our resources in a way that is economically hypocritical, environmentally ignorant and morally wrong. we all need the gulf of mexico.

its resources, its food and recreation, its culture, now and forever. this is about preserving a way of life. now, we have come full circle. katrina and the bp oil catastrophe, two sides of the same coin. they're both man-made disasters. they both could've been avoided. they both brought the gulf coast -- the gulf coast to its knees. they both cost people their lives. they both have responsible parties ignoring their obligations to solve the problem. we can change. the legacy of katrina and the bp oil catastrophe will be defined by our actions now. new orleans is the best laboratory for change in the u.s. the restoration of our coast will show the world of the

government, businesses and people acting in concert and protect the gulf coast and turn crisis into opportunity, frustration into motivation, tragedy into triumph. as we protect our coast, we will simultaneously protect all that they have built and hold dear inside our city and revitalize the urban landscape, create better schools, preventive care clinics, housing opportunities and new economic initiatives to promote sustainable energy. we will do even better. imagine a new orleans that is the vanguard of a diversified and independent 21st century knowledge based economy creating thousands of jobs and billions in economic revenue. our children and grandchildren who work in the gulf will design turbines for hydroelectric power. there are new ways to restore tidal flow to restore estuaries

and experiment with cutting edge ways to produce biofuel from algae. this moment will define the 21st century and we cannot afford to fail. the challenge has been laid before us. it will test our resolve. the world is watching to see if america can still do great and things. we have faced challenges and have overcome. our will has been tested again and again and if god is willing, and the creek does not rise, we will find a way or we will make one. thank you very much. [applause]

>> thank you for taking time out of your busy schedule to come up and address the national press club. we have no shortage of questions for you. some of them deal with reports of state tourism. what is the status of tourism in your city and have you seen any drop-off since the bp oil spill? >> thank you very much. i appreciate so much being invited to be with you. a couple of comments. to put into context, post september 11, because new orleans is a tourism economy, the tourism industry dropped dramatically. it got back up to full speed, then the trend ahead and it went to the bottom. it was just getting back to where it needed to be before the bp oil spill. regionally because the with the storm came in from the trinity, much of the infrastructure for

tourism is not damaged but a lot of people did not book conventions. you book them three or four or five years out. all of the pictures on television, cnn, the whole 9 yards, made people think that treat board was still under water for a long period of time. -- shreveport. it is in the north part of the state and never got hit by the storm. hence the power of television. what happened after the oil spill is a lot of people stopped traveling and there are many people who stopped booking conventions. on the national level because of what you saw in florida and mississippi, many people and businesses were hurt badly. we are in the process of identifying what that was. we expect at this point to have numbers next year that reflect tourism went down between 12% and 16%. that is as close as we can get now. we will not know exactly until

next year. we are tracking them carefully. having said that, it is important for the country to know as president obama show this, the seafood is safe, and edible and you can have a wonderful time anywhere on the gulf coast today and you should come down and enjoy yourself. >> in general, how badly has the bp will spill affected the economy of new orleans? >> when i speak about new orleans, i want to speak carefully about the parish is better south of new orleans. the city is a coastal city. some of you live in coastal cities although you did not know it yet. as a reiterated during the speech, if an oyster bed is closed, because the water is closed, the person who harvests those oysters cannot bring them to a dock. if the dock is not open, the

trucker who comes to get them cannot get them. they cannot go to the processing plant and deliver oysters to the 86 restaurants, commander's palace, etc., the restaurant closes, the waiters and waitresses can work. simultaneously the fundamental issue of real or not drill, the families that work in this economic change the oil and fish at the same time. . .

>> we are thrilled by that. as i said, obama himself, his entire top level staff, his cabinet secretaries, the entire federal government has been fantastic in the work that they have done in the post-katrina relief effort. he and i have a difference about the moratorium. everybody in louisiana supports the concept that you should deal with that with a scalpel, not hammer. and that we believe that you can get back to drilling safely. it's critically important for the rest of the country to know that drilling can be done safely, and we believe that it can. we have worked very, very hard in the last couple of months to prove that. we think that we've done so. so i will thank him. i will continue to ask him to work with us as he has done in the past and continue to rebuild a great american city. and we will politely discuss the

moratorium issue when he's there. >> this questioner takes note of the delicious gulf coast shrimp. the national press appreciates that comment. the question is, how safe is seafood from the gulf? [laughter] >> first of all, the shrimp was great. we have a number of proprietors from restaurants in here that actually serve louisiana food. nice to see you guys. thank y'all. the seafood is safe. it is the most tested seafood in the world. and ironically, people are importing from other places that don't have seafood testing at all. it is one of the reasons why we continue to push on b.p. to fund a very robust testing program, because notwithstanding how many times you -- and marketing program. because notwithstanding how many

times you say it, you have to prove it over and over again. if you don't have a complete and total baseline, people will not believe you. hence the power of marketing. governments and people cannot compete with the images that you put in your paper and on the video streams. if you open up every show with still a picture of the oil bubbling out of the gulf, that's what people see and that's what people hear. >> and having a robust seafood testing program on the federal, state, and local levels is critically important and marketing is critically important. but the fact is the seafood is safe, it's edible, and new orleans -- did i say this -- is a wonderful come place to come and visit. >> the audience breathes a sigh of relief. we have several questions about political relations in louisiana. this questioner asked -- >> i'm not admitting anything. >> given your governor's resistance to federal aid and intervention, how is that affecting what you're trying to do for new orleans?

[laughter] >> are you serious? ok, here's the thing. governor jindal and i have a really wonderful working relationship, but we don't think alike on every issue. one of the things that we have talked a lot about is that when we disagree, we're hot on the problem and -- we're hard on the problem and soft on the person. i had a strenuous disagreement with governor jindal about his unwillingness to receive funds for high speed rail. i also thought it was a mistake not to receive stimulus dollars. first of all, i think it was a good idea to pass it. secondly, i want more of it, not less. that was when i was lieutenant governor. as the mayor of new orleans, one of the difficulties that mayors and governors have is what the relationship is with washington, d.c. just as a matter of federal policy, the united states conference of mayors has noted this many, many years ago, there used to be a way for money to go directly to the city halls rather than to the state house. that has changed. that has policy implications

when governors and mayors don't agree on what they should be pursuing. tom cochran is here from the national league of cities. this is a major issue for mayors across the country. you can understand how it complicates matters if the governor wants or doesn't want and a mayor thinks differently. in fact, it is just an interesting dance that you have to do when you come to washington, d.c. and say, well, as far as the state is concerned, that may be true. but as far as the city is concerned, we love the fact that the federal government is beginning to invest in new orleans. and this is the reason why. the country has to stop seeing cities as individual entities that somehow don't have anything to do with the entire body of politics. cities are not competitors with each other. cities are partners with each other to create an economic engine, to compete with china and asia. all of us are economic engines. hence the part of the speech where you stop seeing new orleans as this lovely little speech you can come visit and hide every now and then. this is a major economic engine that has a lot to do with your economic security and your

national security, and, by the way, the rest of the international community sees this as well. those of us that travel internationally, you'd have heard people who are our friends and allies say why doesn't america continue to preach if they can't rebuild a peace of themselves? i want you to think about that. it has an impact on our moral authority to speak across national and international issues as well. infrastructure projects, major funding issues to help cities stand up, always make america strong, and of course, new orleans wants to continue to be a great partner. thank you. >> at what point -- or at any point -- would you have any interest in governor jindal's job? [laughter] >> i love my job. i just got here for goodness sakes. >> if oil pipelines are such a

large reason for coastal degradation, why is louisiana's political establishment so supportive of oil companies? >> that's an excellent point. this is, i suspect, hard for the nation to understand. but guess what, it's not just us. as i said in my speech, all of us are guilty in terms of how we have taken resources out of the ground and not restored the ground. a lot of it has to do with being able to eat. and not having the power to push back, or not having the wisdom and the strength to say you can drill, but you have to restore. just as over the years, we have gotten better, food regulation, every kind of regulation that has been in the book, there needs to be measured appropriately, so too have we gotten to that point where it's become obvious that if you continue to degrade the land the way that you do and not restore it, which is the important part, then you are on an unsustainable

path moving forward. and now, irrespective of what people have done in the past, we have to change course on the federal side, on the state side, on the local side, and, by the way, national environmental groups, that in my opinion, have kind of skirted past louisiana, because i've heard before, they kind of deserved ha they got because they liked the oil companies so much. it doesn't work anymore. we have to change. and the good part about that is we actually know how to do it. and on top of that, it's not something that america is in alone. it happens all over the world. to the extent that we're in an international market, we won't be at a disadvantage for requiring our companies to drill and restore. by the way, until we find a new way, we don't really have much choice, because fossil fuels provide most of what it is we're doing now. the point is to get started and to begin transitioning. not close our eyes. and again, not get into the zero sum game of drill, baby, drill, or never drill at all. we're smarter and faster than

that and we have to find a better way. >> some urban planners say parts of the city hit hardest by katrina should not be rebuilt. is there too much risk? >> i hate to tell you all this, because people think you get your gas from the pump. we're not the only ones that live below sea level in the country. we hear that argument all the time. it's really kind of interesting to us that people start off the premise that if you live below sea level, you shouldn't be able to live there. in the netherlands is an example. if you actually look at most of the studies that are done and you ask which cities in total are most vulnerable to storms, miami kind of gets right up there. and then new york is right next to it. we're actually fifth. so we don't really want to invite the debate about everything below sea level doesn't have a right to be

there, because we know the answer. and you don't want to have that debate either. and so from that perspective, the question is is it possible to design a protection system through coastal restoration, levies, building codes that protect cultural significant places in america. shame on us if we can be the do that. and we should. we kind of take that question, if i might say to you, in a fairly pejorative way. because we heard many, many times after the storm questions that no other place in america gets when they got hurt. florida was hit with four storms in a year. and not a congressman or a senator that i can recall from any place else stood up and said, you really shouldn't rebuild those condos on the beaches of florida. so it's a curious question to us, if i might be a little bit defensive. go ahead. come on. tell her i'm on it.

[laughter] you understand what i'm saying? the answer to the question is this. if the country fulfilled its obligation to protect its own selfish economic interest, national security, and energy concerns, you will rebuild the coast, and if you rebuild the coast, and then you satisfy your own selfish economic national security and energy concerns by making the mississippi work the right way, which is why it's there, it's why thomas jefferson bought the joint, as they say. if you do those two things and you make the levies the way that you're supposed to make them and design them the way we were supposed to design them and engineer them the way the american people were supposed to engineer them, and we do our job with building codes, new orleans is as safe as any people in the world. i don't know if i've said this or not, but new orleans is a wonderful place to come visit. [laughter] >> how will you grade the engineers' efforts? is there more they could or should be doing? >> this is an excellent

question. i want to answer it in two dimensions. it's important to note that the corps of engineers is a military organization. and as such, they will only answer the question that is asked of them. are you with me? so the commander in chief, whoever he or she may be at that point in time, could you please tell me how much it's going to cost and how long it will take to build back levies, the category three strength that the city of new orleans has protected, more than it was before katrina. then we answer the question, and we have done that. they answer that question. after a lot of pulling and tugging and yelling and screaming and bureaucratic inertia, they finally got up and got on it and did a really good job of fortifying the levies in and around new orleans consistent with what the federal government and congress funded. that a fair statement? all right.

now, having said that, it is not fair to say that the city of new orleans and the levies that protect this country are sufficient to protect us from what we already know is coming our way. so let's be clear about this for whatever reason, and everybody's got their own theories about why it's happening. the storms are coming more frequently. they're bigger, and they're more vicious. there's likely that more category four and five storms are coming. so it is not fair to say that the country has done its job in providing the resources necessary for the corps to execute what it is that they should have been asked, which is what is it going to take, how much money is it going to take to build category five levy protection, including rebuilding the coast, getting the levies to the height that they need, and

having the city attend the building codes. you will not be able to say that the gulf is protected as it should be. >> what do you need to do to facilitate bringing more people back to new orleans? >> well, there was a young man here from utah, and i was telling him how much i really loved utah. when you look at all of utah's statistics, they're really fabulous. if you want to live a really long life, go to utah. you want to look at really good health statistics, go to utah. so where you start is an important point. new orleans is starting in a difficult place. i think it's fair to say that it is certainly true about new orleans, the issue of safety is the most important issue. so we just talked about security from man-made and/or natural

disasters. but citizens feeling safe on the streets of new orleans is critically important, hence the aggressive work that you see us doing with the department of justice. we have two wonderful people here who have joined us today who have been helping us a lot with that. we organizing a police department that has lost it way. a police department that the people are supposed to have faith in and trust in. a police department that's supposed to protect and serve. it needs to get much, much better. so we did a national search for a great police chief. ronny surfpass was a kids from new orleans, he left, and was the head of police in d.c. then went to nashville, did a superb job. brought him home. simultaneously, we are very aware that you cannot arrest your way out of the complicated problems that are happening on the streets of american cities.

the rate of violence and the culture of death is unnatural. we act in this country as though it's something that we need to accept, but it has not always been that way. so you've got to get on the front end of it. recreation programs, great schools, after school programs, all critical to making sure that the city of new orleans stays put on the front end, on the back end. if we can do those two things, people will flock no the city of new orleans, because it is a glories you place. it is one of the great places that the world has to offer. there is no other place without, without any insult to the place that you come from, that has an authentic or unique culture that celebrates the joy of life, of food, of fun, of family, of faith, of country all at one time. it's just a spectacular place. and it needs to be rebuilt, not just for us, but for the country as well. >> can you update us on the federal review of the new orleans police department, and why do you think the department cannot reform without federal

intervention? >> yes, i can. roy ol sen is here from the department of justice on behalf of the attorney general, i thank you so much. lynn ownerman is with it. you don't always get to choose what you inherit. i think a lot of you have seen a lot about the reports of the activity in and out of the police department. i think the justice department was coming anyway. [laughter] at least they thought they were. i did, too. but i came into a system and a boiler that had been cooking for a long period of time. so, ma, the conflict that faced me was do you push that back and say, look, i'm the new mayor, i don't want anybody telling me how to do my business, i think i can fix this thing myself. or do you take a real hard look at what is and speak the truth? you've heard me say this a lot

of times. i gave a speech a couple weeks ago called "eyes wide open." if you tell people the unabashed truth, smart, reasonable people will do what is necessary to get out of harm's way. it's time for new orleans to see that. we have so many things we can brag about. i made a determination that it would be far better to invite the justice department into a partnership with me and put the full weight of the mayor's office behind this initiative rather than have a hostile attempt to fix something with no cooperation. why would i do this? because i talk to a lot of mayors that know a lot more about running cities than i do. i think it's just brilliant people. i talk to mayor bloomberg, the mayor of pittsburgh, who worked -- i talked to the folks in los angeles who actually were there when this happened. all of them advised me that it's much, much better if the mayor really supts it, to do it in

incredible partnership. you can get so much more done. i had a great conversation with the staff and the attorney general. we agreed that we would be committed to fixing that department, because if we didn't do it together, we did not think it would get done. we think that's a much wiser approach than the antagonistic approach that has taken place over the years. so far, the department of justice has been in new orleans for the most part every day. they're imbedded in the department right now. as you know, chief surfpath has completely reorganized the structure of the dfment when he did that, he actually hired two new civilians to become deputy chiefsing which is about 4.3, and she is now as a lawyer the head of the public integrity unit in the department. that's quite a monumental change. also, subsequent to that, i ordered the inspector general and the police monitor into the department and ordered the chief to give them every document that they had been seeking for the past two or three years. that is the only way that you'll

fix this department. there are some wonderful men and women that work there. but that department has lost its way. and you know that, for those of you that are lawyers. if you stand before a jury and during the voir dire, you ask them whether or not they would give any credence to a police officer's testimony and they say no. that's when you know you got a real problem. there are other ones as well. this is one thing i am certain is going to happen during the next couple of years. i'm very appreciative of the work and think it's really one of our first priorities. thanks. >> can you briefly elaborate on how the budget cuts in your city have affected the delivery of services to its citizens? >> yeah, thank you very much. i gave you those talking points before i came, but we found out yesterday we actually have $12 million more in cuts that we have to make. so officially, we have now come into our office with about a $79 million hole in the budget. that's a big hole. in terms of size and scale.

i know that for those of you that cover national stories, you see big numbers rolling out of california. you see big numbers rolling out of new york. but, of course, it's all relative. so our budget really is around $460 million. if you have to cut $75 million out in half a year, you have to double it in terms of its complete and total impact. on top of of that, the city of new orleans, like most of political subdivisions, has a balanced budget amendment, so you can't skate it into next year. you might be able to find a couple of things that you can do that with, but for the most part, you got to hit your numbers. so we were forced, not unlike many other cities, but for different reasons, to make some fairly dramatic cuts, and we have done that. it has resulted in us -- in me having to order 14 furlough days for city employees. that's kind of tough. you know, it's an overall 10% pay cut to a system of public employees that don't make, you know, a significant amount of money. one of the things that we have

to do, though, that we thought did not hurt public service so much was the usage of overtime, which evidently is used in a whole bunch of creative ways in municipal governments these day, and we think that by really reorganizing how the police department used overtime, the fire department, and everybody else, and we triaged when folks came to work and when they didn't, we could actually reduce that whole system significantly. on top of that, we have very aggressively renegotiated a bunch of contracts that have been signed the past few years, where folks were getting way too much money for the service that they were delivering and we have saved significant money while we were doing that. so we think that we've kind of dodged a bullet. it always hurts when you make those kinds of dramatic cuts. we have the right size government because we can't spend more money than we take in, at least on the local level. and we're going to get -- and we're going to continue to do that.

thanks. >> we're almost out of time, and thank you again for taking the time to speak with us today. but before we ask the last question, i know there will be a final question, we have a couple important matters to take care of. first, to remind our members and guests of future speakers. on september 1, dr. christie ya roamer, will address the extraordinary challenges and policy actions of the first 20 months of the obama administration. on september 15, reverend david beckman, he will discuss eliminating hunger, the people and congress. and on september 30, we'll have senator john cornyn, the chair of the national republican senatorial committee, and senator robert menendez of the democratic senatorial committee talking about the elections. second, we would like to present our guest with the traditional and coveted national press club mug. [applause] >> i'm supposed to hold it up, right? [applause]

>> and now for our final question, you made a couple of illusions to this topic today. and it's been a big national story the past couple days. it's probably one of the biggest threats to the aspirations and hopes of new orleans this year. i'm speaking, of course, of minnesota vikings quarterback brett favre. >> don't worry about it. >> favre announced that he is not retiring again yesterday, and on september 9 will be lining up at center against the new orleans saints in a rematch of last year's n.f.c. championship title game, which as a minnesota native, i've seen as a fluke victory by the saints. so my completely unbiased question would be how will the saints handle in their super bowl quest the riveting offense, the stifling pass rush, and the dominating defense of the minnesota vikings the rematch in september?

>> ok, so i'm going to answer that question with a question. is he really going to show up and play? [applause] and secondly, i'll just say 24-3. thank you for that, and thank you for coming today. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> we'd also like to thank the national press club staff for organizing today's event. once again, the shoutout for the gulf coast shrimp. for more information about joining the national press club and on how to acquire a copy of today's program, please go to our website at www.press.org. thank you once again to the mayor to, the senator, to all of our guests today at today's program. this meeting of the national

press club is adjourned. >> sunday on "newsmakers," edward markey. he chairs the select committee on energy independence, and is interviewed by jeff kate gosselin and david farnehold of "the washington post." sunday at 10:00 a.m. and sick p.m. in a moment, former secretaries of state george schultz and madeleine albright talk about challenges they faced in their former position.

later, a look at challenges facing veterans returning from iraq. and then an accounting conference with representatives of the federal government on the new financial regulatory law and the state of the industry. >> there are 48 hours of non-fiction books and authors every weekend on "book tv." on sunday, john samples and eugene sterling debate the size and role of government in the 21st century. sonya shaw looks at the history of malaria and questions about why it kills nearly a million people every. michael belfiore. for a complete listing of this weekend's programs and times, visit "book tv".org. >> last month, george schultz

and madeleine albright talk about their positions. they were interviewed by marvin karb. >> as moscow bureau chief and as moderator of "meet the press." mr. kalb was the founding director of the jones center on the press politics and public policy, at the kennedy school. government at harvard university. he is currently a writer in residence at the u.s. institute of peace. he is a presidential fellow at the george washington university, as well as edward r. mur row at harvard's school of

government. please welcome our moderator marvin kalb. [applause] >> thank you very much, and good evening. welcome to this special event with two very special people, madeleine albright and george schultz, both having served as secretary of state, albright with president clinton, and schultz with president reagan. our conversation tonight will focus on war and peace-building. rarely in american history have we been confronted with so many daunting challenges, not only the economic challenges which are daunting enough, but in addition, two wars in iraq and afghanistan, the threats of global terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and climate change. there are flickerings of good news. the communications revolution inspiring political hope around the world, we will all remember, i think, what happened in iran

last summer. that what's realistic? what's possible? what should our priorities be at this crucial moment in our history? who better to ask than secretaries of state george shuttle and madeleine albright. secretary schultz served in the nixon and reagan administrations, with nixon as secretary of labor, with reagan as secretary of state. you played a key role in framing a foreign policy that led ultimately to the end of the cold war. he has taught at m.i.t., chicago, and stanford. secretary albright served in the carter and clinton administrations, with carter on his national security council staff, and with clinton as his u.n. ambassador, and then as the

first woman to serve as secretary of state. you've all noticed no doubt that schultz worked for republican presidents and albright for democratic presidents. >> bernie, you don't know something. there's a little club of former secretaries of state. >> we got you together. i'm going to start that you're both back in power. what would be your absolute overrider priority? what would you get up in the morning thinking this is a problem that i simply must solve

today, and how would you go about doing it? we'll start with secretary schultz. >> the first thing i would do is say, to be effective around the world, we must be strong at home. we must get our house in order. for decades, we have been spending more than we earn. it's gotten totally out of control. we're losing respect. so we have to get control of ourselves. so that's number one. number two, we have to do better on the energy problems. and learn how to use alternatives to oil and coal, deal with the carbon problem, and get control of ourselves on that basis.

i would like to see, as you probably realize, hard work in trying to get ourselves to a world free of nuclear weapons. i might say that president obama is doing a very important and strong job in that regard. and i'm very impressed with what he's doing. >> you've mentioned a couple of very important issues, no doubt. but how would you go about doing them? i mean, for example, on the economic front, many people have talked about the need to do this. but very few people have done it, and what i'm asking you is how would you do it? >> well, it's been done before. i hate to say it, but we inherited an economic mess when president reagan took office. and it got straightened out. it can get straightened out. the key is economic growth. adopt policies that give you economic growth. that's what will generate

revenue. combine it with controlled spending. we have to get our social security system back on track. conceptually, it's easy. it's clear what the problem is and how to deal with it. and we need to get the political gumption to do it. the biggest problem is the health area, and it's a harder problem, but i think very doable. >> secretary albright, your earning issue of the day and how would you go about it? >> what i find interesting is my good friend secretary schultz presumed that we would return as secretaries of stating has in fact addressed issues that are a combination of domestic and foreign policy. i think that is one of the major aspects of what we're dealing with, is that it's very hard to separate the foreign from domestic policy, which means

that if i were there, i would think that we would have to do a better job of explaining to the american people the combination of these problems. the other part, if you look at the issues that dick mentioned and you mentioned, is the plethora of them. what i think is the biggest problem is that we don't anymore have the international institutional structure to deal with it. that, in fact, there is not confidence in any of the institutions that are out there, including domestic institutions, and then the foreign institutions, i'm a great advocate of the u.n. does it really work at this point? there's a real question on that. i was just asked to head a group of experts looking at a new strategic concept for nato. i believe in nato. is it really the alliance that is going to take us into the future? what happens in afghanistan? do the international financial institutions work? for me, one of the biggest problems in problem solving is

in fact who does it, who are the institutional structures? i can discuss the individual issues. if i were, you know -- if there were a lottery every day about what the biggest problem in the world, i would say pakistan. it has everything that give you an international migraine. i would spend a lot of time on that. any one of the issues that you've mentioned or george mentioned. and the worst issue is looking at how the worst weapons, nuclear weapons that they don't get into the hands of the worst people, the terrorists. >> and i think most of us would agree with everything you've said. but it seems to me that nothing is really going to happen. unless there is presidential leadership married to congressional cooperation. and at the moment in washington,

where i live, there is is, however you define it, political paralysis, political warfare. how are we going to make any progress in this kind of climate? what has to be done? >> well, come on out to california. the government's great out here. [laughter] >> let's stick with washington right now. >> well, i don't know the answer to your question. but i have a sense that sometimes divided government works better than one party or the other has it all its way. i thought the second clinton term was very good. and reason why it may work better is that everybody knows that you can't get anywhere unless you find solutions that are broadly agreeable. it tends to push consensus and

tells people that that's the way they have to work. maybe we'll get something like that if the congress is a little more balanced after the next election. >> well, i definitely can't go along with that. [laughter] >> you weren't at all republican? >> no. but i think that we have a divided government at the moment. i think that is part of the problem, in terms of a sense that -- i mean, i've been in the opposition. and so i know what it's like. it's actually more fun when you're not. and the bottom line, though, is that i think that there is not a sense of trying to find the bipartisan solution. i mean, george mentioned we have a small club. the truth is, most of the former secretaries of state at the moment are republicans. but we have spent a great deal of time together looking at joint solutions, because, in fact, we have faced similar

problems together. and i think that is the kind of thing that needs to be seen. it does not matter if you're a democrat or republican, that you don't have the best interest in the country really in mind or at heart, but it's not happening. and it goes to the point i made. if i don't think there's confidence in institutions at the moment. if you look at the polling numbers, congress' numbers are very far down, and i think there is this anti-incumbent feeling, which i think is unfortunate. >> well, there's this question that i've just been given, do you ever want to give up because it's so hard, and it's authored by elyssa, who is age nine, and she's already got the message. >> no. i think they're overstating it. this will get righted. i think the question is, people will broadly see, never mind the people in washington, at or

around the country, regardless of party, there is a general perception that it's not working. >> that's right. >> and that we're going to have to do better. and we'll get that point through to the people who are in charge. >> we've known that now for the last two, at least, presidential elections and it hasn't gotten through yet. what has to happen? there are a lot of people who genuinely feel that some catastrophe must first happen to galvanize the american people into recognizing how serious the problem is and therefore doing something about it. >> there is a catastrophe hitting us right now. it's the run-away spending. not only at the federal level, but at the state and local level. and i think people are perceiving it and saying we have to get control of ourselves. that's why i said at the beginning that getting control of ourselves is a key. and you have to do that so you have a strong base on which to

work on all the problems that you talked about. >> elyssa i hope would never give up, because i think part of the what the american spirit is about is not giving up. i think that the chances of us returning to office are like zero, but the bottom line is that there is something magical about public service, and the possibility of trying to make a difference on these issues. and i think that the assumption that i make is that the people in various offices are actually trying to do something about it. it is very, very difficult. and i think we should turn the problem to where it really belongs, to the media. [laughter] [laughter] >> the first time i heard that was during the nixon administration. >> what i think is very

important, to solve the issues, is to have an educated and informed citizenship, citizenry. that is what democracy is about. unless we figure out some way for people to use this bountful -- bountiful amount of information in some way to understand things rather than to be riled up by it, i think that is one of the major problems. >> i usually get there at the end of a discussion. i think it's an genuine issue. [applause] what is so interesting, is we have more information than we've ever had, and this may surprise you, but i actually listen to right wing radio when i drive. it's amazing i haven't run over somebody. [laughter] but it is basically just elicits anger, whether you're right or left on it. i do think there's a genuine responsibility that the media is not fulfilling, and since this is co-sponsored, i think it's a

very important point that we need to deal with. >> and it may surprise you, but i agree with everything you said. [applause] >> secretary gates said it would strengthen its role in problem solving around the world. now, we've heard about diplomacy being a kind of soft or smart way of accomplishing your aim. why is diplomacy now, at least the appearance of it, why does it seem so inadequate to the tasks before us? secretary schultz. >> first of all, because we haven't devoted the resources that are needed to support the

state department and the building up of resources there. second, i think we should do a better job of seeing to it that the senior people stay. we experience foreign service officer, retiring at the age of 50, and so on. that's when they're at the top of their game. we've got to keep working because we have to conduct a global diplomacy. you need first class people and many of them to do it. >> why doesn't the congress do that? it should be an easy thing. >> i think it's getting easier. i think secretary clinton, as did secretary rice, as did secretary powell, have gradually moved the budget up. but the fact that the secretary of defense has to be carrying our water tells you that there's a lopping ways to go.

but i think there's also something else. there's a tendency whenever there is a big and important problem to have a special envoy go do it. or when you have an important post, the very well-qualified foreign service officer doesn't necessarily get to do that job. i think we need to keep them in the action, do the work of diplomacy. that is necessary. >> am i listening to criticism of president obama's decision to place special envoys if key trouble spots around the world, like holbrooke in pakistan, afghanistan, and mitchell in the middle east? is that what you're saying to

us? >> to a certain extent, but it isn't -- it's something that has grown over time. it isn't a unique thing at present. and it's also true of ambassadorial post. s -- it's important that some of these be open to foreign service officer, so that you have the chance for the professional people to move up into important roles. >> let me take just a moment to remind our audience that you're all listening to the commonwealth club of california radio program. our speakers today, madeleine albright, george schultz. we're discussing the challenges facing the nation. i'd like to ask you both, starting with secretary albright, we're old enough to remember that there was this great phrase about politics stopping at the water's edge, and we always led with an

asuppings that when it -- assumption, that when it came to foreign poll circumstance we're all in it together, now it seems there is a republican foreign policy, a democratic foreign poll circumstance and there's even a joke in washington that it would be very good for president obama's policy in afghanistan if the democrats lose a great deal this november and the republicans win, because they'll be more supportive of the war. what is this business about two foreign policies, and isn't it dangerous for the country? >> well, i do believe we need to have a bipartisan foreign policy. i worked on that. a lot of people might have been surprised that i was very good friends and worked with jees see helm. he was chairman of the foreign relations committee. i believe in that. but it goes to the point that we've made now a couple of times, which is basically kind of a lack of sense of where the

-- what we can do to help the country instead of just helping ourselves. and i do think that there has to be -- i believe that president obama has done more to reach out to the other party in order to try to develop this kind of a policy, and in washington, i'm trying not to be overly partisan in just stating this, but senator mcconnell basically is mr. "no." so that doesn't help in terms of this. and through a number of organizations, whether it's the u.s. institute or i'm on the board of the council on foreign relations, we've been trying to figure out how to get to a bipartisanship. it's very confusing what exactly is going on. so i think this is a moment -- but can i go back to something that secretary schultz said? >> of course. >> on the issue of -- i teach a course, and i say foreign policy is just trying to get some

country to do what you want. that's all it is. so i teach a course called the national security tool box. and as we are still the most powerful country in the world, you look in the tool box and there's not a lot in there. you have diplomacy, bilateral and multi-lateral. you have economic tools, the sanctions, negative sanctions and embargos and positive trade. you have the threat and use of force, the use of force, intelligence, and law enforcement. that's it. there's not a lot of. as you look at problems, you have to pick out the tools and mix and match. one of the most interesting things that i teach about is the relationship that secretary schultz had with secretary weinberg over the question of use of force and who does what when. it is something that has been going on a very long time. we are at war. we have two wars. so at the moment, it seems that it is easy enough to say that the pentagon, especially since some of my successors turned

over a lot of power to the pentagon, that it is hard to get some of it back for the state department. the budget, you look at the budgets, the pentagon has something like $580 billion, and the state department has $58 billion. so it is that kind of a problem that is being dealt with, and there has to be that recalibration. and i fully agree with secretary schultz in terms of having the diplomats have more power. i'm not sure i fully agree about eliminating totally political diplomats. >> the special enjoys. >> well, we were all political appointees. >> but i'm talking about people like holbrooke -- >> the special envoys -- let me just say this is also a very practical issue. it has to do with the divided government, which is that i can tell you that it's hard to get confirmation for a variety of people in the post of

ambassadors, and sometimes the special envoys don't need that. secretary clinton and president obama needed to get started on what was going on in the middle east. >> secretary schultz, the appearance of the united states in afghanistan, for example, is very much khaki in color. the top man is now general petraeus, very admired, experienced. he's the boss. he's the viceroy. the question that comes up is the generals themselves tell us that in afghanistan, even in iraq, they were saying that the ultimate compromise is a political one, and that you can put tons of additional troops into afghanistan and you're not going to win the war.

so what is -- why is it that we appear to be so linked to a military appearance, and therefore a military outcome, or so it seems? what would be your judgment of that? >> i think in afghanistan, we have to get the concept right, and i don't think we're there yet. i felt myself that we wenlt into afghanistan in 2001, i guess, and we had a brilliant success. why? we had a small footprint. we me a common cause. we love both tribal groups. they wanted the same things we do. we were able to use our comparative banners effectively and we got what we wanted, we got control. then, at least as i see it, our

mission morphed into trying to create an afghanistan that had never been there before. that is a country with the central government, democraticly elected, that has an army that can keep stability. that's not afghanistan. >> i think general petraeus understands that, and i have the feeling that as the policies in afghanistan work themselves through, it's going to look something like that. now we have a huge problem that we haven't thought through strategically. we're working at it tactically. it comes because the nature of the warfare we were experiencing is different.

our adversaries don't wear uniforms. our adversaries use inexpensive weapons to create chaos. our adversaries implant themselves in civilian places, like hospitals and schools, mosques, and so on, and they fire from there. and if you fire back, you cause a lot of so called collateral damage that you have a hard time with. so you meet that with rules of engagement that took our comparative advantage away from us. it's hard to use our guns to fire back at something. >> you mean it may be that we can't win? >> no, it may be that we have to have some different strategies and tactics to deal with a different kind of warfare. i might say that this problem is

prevention, and we're going to face it everywhere. i mean, we go into afghanistan, we go into iraq. what are we going to do in yemen? endless place. >> ok. secretary albright, let me pick up one of the points that secretary schultz was talking about. do you believe that winning is possible in afghanistan? because the president did say that we have to win there. >> someday i'm going to teach a curse on the unintended consequences of foreign policy decisions. the afghan story is a very long one that actually began several centuries ago. i can track it to the reagan administration providing missiles. it has been going on a while. you talked about the stunning initial victory.

there are any number of reasons of what is going on. i think the following thing, and this is why i said that pakistan was so important. i think we can win in terms of trying to limit the extent of the terrorist activity if we deal with pakistan. and see it as a regional issue. what winning has been defined as is trying to get rid of al qaeda. according to things that one has heard, we are doing pretty well in getting ourselves rid of al qaeda. i agree with you in terms of -- it has to be a bottom up. i do think that general petraeus is -- his approach is something that has great validity in the afghan issue. the only way we'll be able to

agree with it is through a regional solution, which is seeing it as a regional issue. rer not talked at all, as yet, about israel and the arab states, and there's a question from the audience. is it possible to achieve peace in the middle east during the current realm of the obama administration? i think that the author of that question probably has in mind that there has been significant -- there have been significant differences apparent between israel and the united states. there that is been the most recents effort to straight them out. secretary schultz, you were there, you were there in the 1980's, when things were rough. >> i was there two weeks ago. [laughter]

>> looking back over the last 30 years or so, what do we have to do -- i keep stressing this. what can we do to actually make peace more achieveable between the israelis and the arabs? >> i think we want to build on the good things taking place. there are two of them that are important. whatever you may think about the iraq war, we are where we are. and where we are is saddam hussein is not there, and there is a reasonable chance that there can emerge in iraq a government that's reasonably representative, where shiite and kurds somehow manage to get along somewhat.

they are essentially a wealthy country, and if they can get their act together, all of a sudden, you'll have something in the middle east in the arab world that's never been there before. i think that will be important. it will drive iran crazy, because right next door will be a country that respected the will of the people, and it's obvious that their own regime doesn't. so that's one thing. the other thing that struck me when i was in israel recently, i had the opportunity to meet with the prime minister of the palestinian authority. he is doing very interesting work on the west bank. the area's economic growth on the west bank. economic institutions, financial institutio