victimization survey. it under measures rape. without better data, we will not have information about whether things are getting better or not about the independent studies. thank you. i will be happy to answer questions. >> thank you very much. we will now turn to the founder and president of the rape and abuse and incest national network. it is an organization with affiliate's in all 50 states. it has a hot line. they receive 95 under calls per month brita reportedly, over 1 million individuals since the founding of the organization in 1994. you have five minutes. . .

>> a generation ago, the reason that victims gave for not reporting spoke vividly about the way society reported the crime. they feared being interrogated and blamed for their own behavior, from what they were

wearing, to what they gave the perpetrator the opportunity to commit the crime. they feared they would be the one on trial. today, the perception many victims of the ball bullet republic understanding of the crime and reasons we year, now are along the lines of them not knowing what their love lot -- of them not wanting their loved ones to know what happened. they want to put it behind them. fear and skepticism about how they get treated by police have moved down the list. while we need more training for law enforcement on treating victims of privilege, we need efforts to speak to and educate victims about the importance of reporting. research indicates that victims of sexual violence receive counseling and are more likely to report the crime to the police. many police agencies have improved their handling of sex crimes in recent years.

there are still many problems in addition to the ucr encoding problems discussed today. one problem is that many agencies deal with so few cases each year which makes it difficult to establish the specialized skills to investigate rep cases. one of the most important that congress can do is to help local law enforcement with the expertise they need to prosecute these cases investigators operate on instinct and perception to a great extent. most of the time that is a good thing but it can cause problems when it is based on misinformation or false impressions. they get impressions like a large percentage of rigs are false. when the fbi tells us that, it is not true. they say dna does not matter was the attacker was a stranger or we have a suspect identified. in fact, having dna evidence in and is crucial for any prosecution of these days.

juries expect it. a corporate the victims' stories. it establishes patterns of a serial rapist. the data we have is insufficient for our needs and impede our ability to report and why so few rapists and up in prison. we would like to see the department of justice track rate cases from initial reports all the way through ultimate disposition. based on what we know, there are a few things congress can do now. they can first past the act passed in the house which would create a national registry of forensic evidence for sexual attack cases. it would provide crucial information and open up data to the media so that we can have investigative reports to help us see what is going on elsewhere. it would allow us to track raids by jurisdiction. --rapes by jurisdiction.

we could incorporate the registration of the safer act. we need congress to support gathering solid in-depth data about the problems discussed today and we need your support. overall, we would like to see the overarching question be -- what will this bill do to improve the reporting and conviction rate of rape cases. 94 percent of rapists are free -- escaping punishment. this should be the main focus of policy makers. by criminals will sexual assault another 657,000 americans. 616 of those criminals will wake up tomorrow morning and every morning there after free to start all over again.

>> thank you. we turn to the president of the feminist majority foundation, former president of the national organization for women. the floor is yours for five minutes. >> thank you very much. thank you for holding this hearing that affects the health and safety of millions of women and girls in the united states. i am president of the feminist majority foundation which one of its major goals is to reduce violence against women. in 1995, the center established the national center for the foundation of women in policing. the center promotes increasing the numbers of women in all ranks of all law enforcement both to promote equality for women and to improve police response to violence against women.

i will summarize my testimony and i would like to submit the whole testimony in the record. >> without objection, that will be made part of a record. >> i will skip over the prevalence of rapes because so much has been said about it. i want to underscore what was just said by mr. berkowitz about the fact that so few are incarcerated. in fact, according to one study, it is less than 1%. let's keep that in mind. not only that, the undetected rapists tend to be serial rapist. two shucking studies revealed that for rate to being committed, the undetected rapists or serial rapist. they were committing the bulk of the bridge between 1991 and -- between 91% and 95%.

this is white kids are so important and is important they are processed. -- this is why rape kits are so important and it is important they are passat -- process. if you process the rate kets and because of the nature of cereal right, you would be finding people who are going undetected and will rape again. another major point is that 75% of rapes are done by people probably that our acquaintance of rapes. that is not to be minimized. there are patterns and these women who have been singled out, they will single out of the women. research shows that the vast majority of breaks today involve

both subduing the victim by alcohol or drugs. the reason i point out these things is that it will tie into our recommendations of what should be done with the uniform crime report. i want to talk about the need to recruit women in policing. studies show that there is a culture in the police department that must be changed towards women. i have worked on this problem for nearly four decades. we have just not made much progress. women are still only about 12% of police department's overall and 15% of a large police department. i will skip to our recommendations for the uniform crime report should include things occur in does not on rape. this is admitting or all right,

vaginal rape, rex facilitate by drugs and alcohol, it is admitting when the victim is unconscious. it is almost ridiculous what it is omitting. does not include riggs of men. it does not include rapes of homosexuals. let's go on to the victimization study. it does not include children under the age of 12. that is a large category of rates, about 25%. several guidelines should be submitted -- issued on how you determine unfounded cases. it is definite what is an unfounded case. police are essentially calling something on founded which then if the person is found to be a serial rapist, is harder to

prosecute them for the ones that are unfounded because of this belief that it was baseless or the victim was lying. this actually compounds the problem. we believe that one of the most important things is federal guidelines and federal programs which should encourage recruitment of women police officers. there are many ways of doing that. it should also encourage the recruitment of police officers with specialized training in nursing, social work, and in dealing with sexual assault. of course, we think that the violence against women office should be -- funding should be increased. in the last eight years, funding has been decreased. we know many changes should occur but we have to start with

changing the definition of rape which is contributed to an under-allocation of resources. >> you mentioned the issue. of issue the only person to do so. can you amplify your concerns? what extent is that a problem with republicans? >> -- with rape victims. i have to turn to prof. dempsey. i was busy reading her background and i left her out very distinguished background. >> thank you, senator. >> associate professor at villanova, the university lecturer and tutorial fellow at oxford university, a tutor at the university of college in london, and teaches courses involving a feminist legal theory. we'll come to that but first

your testimony. >> thank you, senator. thank you for convening this hearing. boeing last after so many distinguished and experienced witnesses leads me to a position where i agree. i will try to say something that perhaps we have not touched on quite as much before addressing specific issues, the wish to place our discussion into the larger context of the criminal justice system as a whole. the failure to report and investigate rate cannot be fully understood isolation from the failure of prosecutors to take great cases to trial, the federal jury to convict him of the federal judges to impose adequate sentences. each step in the criminal- justice system is related to the next great survivors welfare to work or if they believe their cases will not be taken seriously by the police. police will fail to investigate the prosecutors will not pursue charges in court. prosecutors will not aggressively pursue charges if

they believe that juries are unlikely to convict the entire system and indeed the entire culture in which the system operates would take rape less seriously when the sentence passed by judges does not reflect the offense. the topic of conversation here is a chronic failure to report and investigate break and that text was within the broader culture -- to investigate reports and that text is within a broader culture. i would like to discuss the issue of investigation. the model that is going on in philadelphia and now is a wonderful model not only because it increases accountability and incest victims injustice but it also respects the rule all law. this of the principle of legality that the state to be accountable to the victims. -- to the people.

i am proud to be a pennsylvanian, but it is a model for the rest of the country. that needs to be exported as aggressively as possible. >with respect to the issue of police classifying rape and other kind of sex crimes, i would like to differentiate two issues. one is the question of the ucr definition of rape which is ridiculous. it is archaic and old fashioned and insulting. it does not capture the broad majority of rape. we are in agreement that the definition needs to be changed. there are real problems with the handbook. the only illustrations of rape provided are stranger-rate and gang rape. arnold illustrations provided to replace to reflect reality of

acquaintance rape or intimate partner violation. that suggests that not only the definition needs to be changed but the handbook needs to be rewritten for this century. that is one issue. the other issue is with respect to coding. there is a problem of police and found in rape cases. -- confounded --unfounding briefcases. that limit the range of categories available. unfounded is to say that no crime has occurred, they can clear by arrest, which is to say an arrest has been made in the case has been forwarded birth prosecution, the third option is

cleared by exceptional means which is circumstances which preclude prosecution. that may include the death of the defendant or inability to extradite the defendant. there are major problems with the coding that i would like to call to door attention. perhaps there should be added to your letter to the fbi. with respect to the issue of clearing a case by exceptional means, we cannot include the fact that the victim has withdrawn her cooperation from the case as a reason to clear a case for exceptional means. victim non-cooperation does not preclude the state from going forward. the state prosecutor clark -- crimes, not the victim. the ucr sent an opposite message. i think it is worth considering the possibility of adding a third way of disposing of a case, ending a case does the position which reflects that the case is founded but was rejected

for prosecution based on inadequate and a bed -- evidence. i think that is worth further debate. the problem with unfiounding cases is a problem of police misconduct and the structure of the ucr program. thank you. >> prof. dempsey, dr. kilpatrick, i was on the subject of suicide and the question to you is -- to what extent is that a problem for republicans? -- for rape victims? >> we are talking to people who are still alive. if you look at attempted suicide, in both of the studies that we have done with national probability -- >> how about a correlation between those who have committed suicide and those who are raped

victims? >> most of that goes undetected so we do not know -- >> what about the rates that are detected? is there any sequence is not a causal connection? >> people who opposed traumatic stress disorder as the military is finding out are more likely to make suicide attempts. the rape victims are much more likely to make suicide attempts than their comparable women who have not been raped. there is a huge risk factor. there is some correlation there. >> you talk about changing the culture. how do you do that? the cultural police department's. >> you changed the educational requirements. i think people who are trained in sexual assault are social workers, nurses, >> how do you do that with police budgets? >> unfortunately, social workers

do not get paid that much, do they? i don't think the would hurt >> we are talking about education. >> a four-year graduate does not get paid that much. >> how can we influence police culture along the lines you suggest? is this realistic given police department budgets? >> i think it is realistic. i don't think the average social worker in the united states makes as much as an average police officer. we have to do something about recruiting more women into policing. we have been suing the women's rights movements, we still only have 12% of police officers. >> and mr. berkowitz, sorry to

move on, time is limited. what would your recommendation be about trying to get more sensitivity with the interviewers, the police officers? how do we do that in a practical sense given the limitations of police budgets? it is difficult to recruit people who have a best educational background of this matter? . >> many police departments have made tremendous progress on that and have implemented could try and improve the way they handled this. there is a lot of existing training. >> prof. dempsey, by now among the courses you teach "feminist legal theory." what is that? >> you should come to my class. we would be honored to have you. it is one main issue we

discussed. >> do you meet on weekends? >> we will have a special session for you. it is about in -- interpreting legal law. it is also about law and the broader it might be evaluating existing law, considered normative arguments for improving those laws from a feminist point of view. >> what would your advice be to women's organizations to persuade police commissioners other than commissioner ramsey to allow for transparency and allow stakeholders' be involved in reviewing these cases? >> i think in is to be a context in which these people can sit down together. just being in the same room and talking to these people face to

face begins to break down a mths that one side holds against the other. i may feminist activist and i married a police officer. i believe you can bring these two groups together. we have been successful at bringing police officers together with more charging and prosecution because we took the time to meet together and sat down and talk about our concerns and educated the advocates regarding the law and educated the lawyers and police officers regarding the advocates'' concerns. >> thank you very much, everybody. this is a subject of enormous of portents. -- importance. i regret that we did not have more time today to only do a partial justice. we have only begun to scratch the surface pre.

we have a very distinguished panel. it is insufficient for you to have five minutes. senators interrupt because we only have a few minutes to question. that happens to supreme court nominees as well as you folks here today. it happens to everybody. it is my hope that we will stimulate some interest by police departments on this subject. there are couple of things we can do. i think we can get the fbi to change its. definitions we can get the fbi to change its service. we have oversight on the fbi from this committee. i think the director will respond. there is a lot more to rape that ends in that fbi definition as outlined that totally eliminates the issue of what is going on

in jails today across the country on the same sex or rape. the issue of training -- it would be good to get some federal funding incentives to police departments. i would like to see more police departments do what you do. i would like to see more women's organizations knocking on doors. knock on their doors. knock on their doors. if they don't respond, knock on the mayor's door. my don't have to knock on door. you can just tap water. thank you very much. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national

cable satellite corp. 2010] >> voters went to the polls and primary states yesterday. in delaware, christine mcdonald defeated congressman mike castle in the republican primary. in new york, congressman charlie rangel held on to defeat by democratic challengers. we will hear from the candidates next on c-span. topics on this morning "washington journal" include defense spending, wall street overset, and tax cuts. "washington journal" begins at the top of the hour here on c- span.

this week, the former republican vice-presidential and alaska governor sarah palin will address the annual ronald reagan dinner. we are expected to hear from senator chuck grassley informer by what governor terry branstad. live coverage begins friday at 8:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span and on cspan radio and cspan -- c-span.org. >> we provide coverage of politics, public affairs, nonfiction books and american history. this is available on television, radio, online, and on social media networking site. find our content any time through the cspan video library. we take cspan on the room with the digitalbus, bringing our resources to your community. this is washington your way. now available in more than 1 million homes, created by cable, provided as a public service. >> in delaware, christine

o'donnell defeated republican congressman mike castle in the party's senate primary. she was backed by the tea party. congressman castle put to reporters at his primary headquarters in delaware. [applause] >> let me just start by thanking each and every person here. that was a wonderful reception i wonder what it would have been like if i had won the doggone thing. i cannot thank you enough for that and i can't thank you enough for the support of all of you, not tonight, not this year, but over the years in most instances, you have made a huge difference as far as my life and government and i would like to

thank each and everyone of you. there is no one i want to thank more than my beautiful wife, jane. [applause] none of this would have been possible without her unwavering support in every way. for that, i'm extremely appreciative. we have a long discussion about whether i should run for the senate or not and we decided together that i should. we will have a long the session tonight about whether that was a good decision to [laughter] integrity andhe honesty of everyone who has been involved in my campaign. many of them are behind may [applause] .

it is with great humility that i stand here tonight to thank all of you for your support in many years, in some instances more recently, i cannot thank you enough for your support. in helping me steer the political waters out there which sometimes can be difficult. the last several weeks have been spirited, shall we said. y. the voters have spoken and i respect that decision. i have had the privilege of serving in this state in a number of capacities over many years now. i love this state. we are a community. we know each other and work well together. over the years, we have been able to achieve much in the state and for that, i can say it

would not have been done without the help of each and everyone of you. i have enjoyed my time in the congress of the united states. it is not an easy job. it is a lot of hard work but i have enjoyed it tremendously. and the opportunity to serve everyone in our state. i want to particularly thank of those behind me. this is mostly my staff on the stage and i would like to thank them. they have been a great difference. they are the ones who serve you. they are the ones who answered the calls. they suggest how you can straighten out your problem. it may be a job situation or something of that nature. i would like to thank the republican party for its support. all those that make up the party, i would like to thank tom wagner who have had the opportunity of appointing many years ago. he is still there.

that is extraordinarily important. i wish i could go around the room and talk about all of you individually. there is a huge difference you have made in my life and hopefully in the life of many, many delawareans. for that, i am extremely appreciative. i had a very nice speech prepared here, hoping i would win this race i talked about the things we have been able to do in creating jobs, reducing taxes and the things that make a difference to delawareans. there is still a long way to go. i have some time in office so i will be fervently trying to carry out my responsibilities. i still feel that education in delaware need to be uplifted tremendously. i think it is not where it should be. we need to do more with our employment opportunities. there is a lot to be done in

this state. hopefully, some of the legacy which i and all of you can leave behind will lead to improvement to make sure that delaware is the single best state in which to live. my thanks again to all of you, particularly to jane, but to each and everyone of you. i told my staff that you will probably have more free time in the next several weeks. that is probably the case. it is sad in a way. many of these folks have earned their free hopefully, they can enjoy it. your dedication and support i can tell you has made a difference. to some of the young people who are here, as we have helped with the kids and the schools and to those starting and jobs, my thanks to each and everyone of you. i wish you the very best. i am not going anyplace.

i will be in the neighborhood. [applause] i am happy to see all of you. easy on the 2012 talks. my very best and wishes to each and every one of view. may god bless each and everyone of you and thank you very much for being here tonight to [applause]

[general chatter]

[general chatter] >> we will now hear from the winner of the delaware republican senate primary, christine o'donnell. this comes from kyw-tv in philadelphia. [applause] >> my gosh. thank you. thank you so much, everyone. we worked hard to be here. i cannot thank you enough for that. ladies and gentlemen, the people of delaware have spoken [applause]

no more politics as usual. i cannot thank you enough because you guys partnered with me, believed in me from the beginning, stood with me in the face of adversity, and because of that we are here tonight. you believe in me and i cannot thank you enough. thank you so much. i want to specifically thank all of our volunteers. we had an army of volunteers who are committed to a cause greater than themselves. if i could quote cristina, are volunteer coordinator -- where is cristina? [applause] i think she has every single one

of your phone numbers. on speed dial. she will be calling you a lot. i would like to repeat something i read from her in a recent newspaper article. she said it is more because the campaign. the cause is restoring america. [applause] the america we are fighting for is worth restoring. i want to share a story with you about a gentleman that i spoke with named george right here at this elks lodge. i cannot thank everyone by name because we would be until midnight. so many people have sacrificed so hard. i want is positively thank the nine/12 patriots for laying the

foundation and started things up in delaware. [applause] the founders of values in group and all that delaware tea party group. [applause] you guys are the visionaries and leaders who made this possible. you rallied every day americans outside of the political establishment, brought them in and created a grass-roots network. that made all of this possible. i also want to thank the tea party express' [applause] for getting behind [inaudible] and buy father. [applause] -- and my father. and my mother and my whole family is behind me. my mother is a spunky woman.

do not ever tell her something cannot be done. that is a challenge to prove it can be done. she is right. she is right. let me tell you about georgia as a reminder of what tonight is all about and what the next month and half will be all about. i sat here with him at the picnic table in the back and he told a story of how when he would come over -- come home from deployment overseas, people would spit on him as he returned in his uniform. he said that hurts. i knew what i was fighting for. i knew the freedoms in america were worth defending even if the people at home did not understand it. what i see going on in america hurts the same way. it is worse because it is the very people who are supposed to be protecting our freedom that are taking them away. [applause]

my sister and i were driving home from that pick and we said we have to endure and win. we have got to work hard. i stood before most of your a little over a week ago and said we are not in this to come close. we are in this to win. [applause] we are in this to win big. and win big we did. do not ever a restaurant -- do not ever underestimate the power of we the people. [applause]

we, the people will have our voice heard in washington, d.c. once again because i believe this is not just about this u.s. senate race. this is about changing the system, changing the political system in delaware so that more every day americans can step up to the plate without worrying about character assassination and run for office. we need citizen politicians in dover and in washington, d.c. to get our state and country back on track. that is what this is all about. [applause] without all of your help and folks like george, this would not have been possible. you are the real winners tonight. you have shown that we can win with a will and determination and it is that same

determination that we will take to washington. it will be a partnership. i can advocate for what is right to do in america, but without your help and support that legislation will not get anywhere. this partnership does not end on election day. it begins on election day. [applause] a lot of people have already said that we cannot win the general election. [boo] yes, we did. [yes, we can] yes, we will. i love that. yes, we will. it is the same so-called experts who said we have no chance of

winning the primary. it will be hard work. we can win. if those same people who fought against me rich it worked just as hard for me, we will win. [applause] the common sense men and women of delaware are tired of the same old coming out of washington they do not want more of the same period we are not more. the same hold onto your hats, folks, because we are in for a fight. that's right. everyone is already asking how we will get along tomorrow and i say the greater good. look to the greater good. we have to unite for the greater good of what is right in

america and a united party, a united we the people can win back our country. [applause] we don't have to wait to return today to bury the hatchet [laughter] . i am counting on all of you, everyday americans, to help us win for the general election. we won this with 1/10 of what my opponent raised. we need more of [laughter] we need a lot more than that. if everybody who is watching, everyone was listening goes to2 christianne010.com and makes a contribution, we will have the support we need to hit the ground running tomorrow.

the other thing that the so- called experts are talking about is the low vote no. in delaware. that is true. this is a strategic advantage -- advantage. a $100 contribution is like making a 1000 contribution elsewhere. i believe we can win this. when this we must. [applause] again, [laughter] there is another woman i have to thank. you betcha. thank you governor palin for your endorsement. [applause] she got behind us war-weary folks and gave us a boost of encouragement when we needed it. she was a vote against the

politics of personal destruction as we go forward, i would like to make the focus of this election about the issue and how we will get jobs back in delaware, how we will protect the security of our homeland, how we will take care of our veterans, how we will make sure that future generations are not saddled with a crippling debt. i am hoping that will be the focus of the general election. we will continue to roll out our solutions and proposals for what we want to do. when i get to washington the day after election day. [applause] for those of you who might not know, because this is a special election for the seat once held by joe biden, the winner can be sworn in the day after election day. [applause] and when we the people speak again in november, we will make sure that that possibility come

-- becomes a reality. i will serve in that lame duck session. let me close with some words of wisdom from thomas jefferson. "when the people fear the government, there is tyranny. when the government fears the people, there is liberty." [applause] i wish you could see what i see. thank you, we stand for liberty, everyone in this room stands for liberty. we can do this. we can win in november. thank you for standing with me and standing with liberty up till now and thank you for continuing to stand with me in november. god bless you. [applause]

new york democratic congressman charlie rangel won his party's nomination. he is currently serving his 20th term and is awaiting a trial by the house ethics committee on 13 alleged violations of house rules. he spoke to supporters as primary night headquarters that gospel uptown restaurant in new york city. >> every step of the way, my assemblymen, if you take a look at the people i am thinking, you can see what my congressional district is all about. of course hazel dukes is looking for someone to beat up on. [laughter] my county leader,steve, and of

course my bride for some many years l,ava rangel. somebody told my sister that someone was beaten up -- beating up on her big brother so she came down. thank you for your love. my son-in-law, thank you dear. ho howardrton, the father of my grandkids. e, bob, ch, desere you're not nearly as annoying as do you thought you are. you brought us across the line. of course, the religious community, black and white, jew and gentile, the muslim community where the imam was helping me at the mosque.

i have tried to find the words. i have tried so hard, at george henry thank-you for all you do in washington and jimcapell, the whole team in washington and new york. they are responsible for me being selected as the number one legislator with more legislation signed into law than any member of the congress. [applause] i also have been included as one of the hardest working members of congress. my wife did not like that too much power and that was out there. you cannot do that alone. you need york legislators team in washington. you need your team in new york with c jimapell and so many

others. tina, jeffrey, jeff, socrates a,l beckett, and jeffrey margolis they just do their work every day without fanfare they just do what has to be done. i have been trying to find out just what -- in the back, give me a break [laughter] just what words i can say before we leave and i can only say that this victory has to be yours. [applause] my wife and i were able to stand up to the criticism and the attacks. you guys can leave early. you can leave early.

in the final analysis, it was not just me that was responding in terms of support. it was you. each and every day if you ask who year, was, they knew who you were talking about. they knew in washington. they knew in new york state and they knew in the city. i suspect that at some time it may have been awkward for you, but you can go back tomorrow morning and tell them that we did believe in certain principles and in looking at the problems that our country has i don't say this because of lack of modesty, i say at that time we are in in our history, president obama needs people like me more than ever. [applause]

why do i say this? i say this because during a period of fiscal crisis, joblessness, we are now waiting for the health bill to kill again, immigration and immoral treatment of newcomers to this country, drugs is still being a major issue, the equity in the tax system has to find the wealthiest people in this country, being given tax cuts that does not help the economy, i go back to tell the president that you don't need all those republicans. there are a lot of democrats, a lot of democrats that got elected but they voted republican. this is a time for the 15th congressional district all over the country to come and say, "mr. president, we have a job to do. we have to get america back to work. we have to start manufacturing.

we have to make certain that our kids get the education. we have to restart self-esteem in the community and throughout the world." i tell you that no matter what they say about him, you and i know that this country and this world is a lot better off because of president obama. [applause] in supporting me the way you have tonight and hopefully in november, we will move forward letting the whole world know that ain't nobody going to turn this around we have invested too much of our time and effort. our dreams for our kids have to continue. because of you, i feel so proud. i don't know how to say it so that it will not be misinterpreted by the press. know how this will be misinterpreted but i want you to

know that no matter what they say, i go back to washington stronger than i have ever been. [applause] it has nothing to do with my personality. it has everything to do with you. what you have done for me, you have done for our congressional district, you have done for our country. mayor bloomberg, governor patterson, madam speaker, and the entire legislative team that was put together, and no way to turn this iran. thank you. thank you. thank you. thank you. thank the team, the rev., everybody. even some of the centers, don't let us down. thank you, thank you, thank you andy, thank you. thank you, george perr and than-

you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, this is a campaign moment. the test is simple -- congressman rangel, we raised our glasses of champagne to you because we know that the best is yet to come. god bless you. and congratulations. [applause] >> hold it just for a moment. i want to give a special thanks to bill lynch. and his entire team. kevin and april, and thank you

team that for letting the light shine. they did a fantastic job. there is no substitute for the wind under my wings which is all of you. thank you, thank you, thank you. >> god bless you and good night. ♪ we provide coverage of politics, public affairs, nonfiction books and american history. this is available to you on television, radio, online, and on social media networking sites

and find their content any time on the cspan video library. we take cspan on the run with the b art digitalus vehicle, bringing our resources to your neighborhood. now available and more than 100 million homes created by cable and provided as a public service. >> "washington journal" is next. we will take your calls. house of representatives gavels in at 10:00 a.m. eastern. they will debate the homeland security department debate on purchasing items produced in the u.s. live coverage of lit -- begins at 10:00 a.m. eastern. and coming up this hour, we will talk about extending tax cuts for the middle-class which are set to expire at the end of the year. alan viard of the american enterprise institute joins us. after that,