let me see if i can get more on that. >> is mr. einhorn traveling with him? >> not to my knowledge. it is mr. bader and mr. campbell. >> of the other prime ministers are keeping close communication. are there any plans to send somebody to russia? >> we are in contact with russia and we will continue consultations on this particular upcoming trip. i do not believe the delegation will. but they will go to china and then they go to korea and to japan. i do not think this particular trip includes russia. >> and a few moments, president

obama will talk about new goals to expand trade. and then, james mcnerney. later, the surgeon general's report on the effect of tobacco smoke. >> find great holiday gifts for the c-span fannie your life at our c-span store. available online at c-span.org /shop. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] >> the men who began their tenure as friends ended up as scorpions. find the complete schedule at booktv.org.

>> before meeting with his export council today, president obama announced new goals for doubling of exports over five years. he also told reporters that failure to pass this agreement with republicans on tax cuts would limit job growth. this is about 10 minutes. >> welcome. everybody have a seat. good morning, everybody. thank you for coming together to help us figure out how we will sell stuff around the world. i want to thank the members of congress who are here and i want to thank jim and ursula as the chair and buys shares and all the other members here today for your extraordinary work.

everyone in this room is committed to promoting a strong and growing economy, one that is creating jobs, fostering a thriving middle-class and extending opportunity. as we meet here, there is an important debate on capitol hill that will the permanent -- that will determine in part if the economy will move forward or backward. the bipartisan framework will not only protect working americans from seeing a major tax increase on january 1, but provide businesses incentives to invest, grow, and higher. every economist that i have talked to or that read this acknowledges that this agreement will boost economic growth in the coming years and has the potential to create millions of jobs. the event -- the average american family will start 2011

knowing that there will be more money to pay their bills each month, more money to pay for tuition, more money to raise their children. but, if this framework fails, the reverse is true. americans will see it in smaller paychecks that will have the effect of fewer jobs. as we meet here today to talk about one important facet of our economic strategy for the future, i urge members of congress to move forward on this essential priority. the top priority of my administration since i took office has been to get the american people back on their feet and back on the jobs in the aftermath of the most devastating recession in our lifetime. that is job one. as i said in greater detail on monday, we also have to ask ourselves how do we position our economy to be strong, growing, and competitive in the long run. one strategy will help us do both to create good jobs and pay

well today and create new markets for jobs tomorrow. that is to increase our exports to the rest of the world. that is why my state of the union address stated a goal for america. we will grow our goods and services over five years. i reach launched this council because, as business leaders, labor, members of congress, and members of my administration, i value your advice in terms of how we achieve that goal. but we all agree that we have to set our economy on growth. we have to do what we have for doing,been known making great products and selling them around the world. the world once products made in america. we have workers ready to make them. exporting is good for our economy. the more our companies export,

the more they produce. the more they produce, the more workers a higher. every $1 billion that we increase in exports supports more than 5000 jobs. companies that export often pay better wages. at a time when jobs are in short supply, growing our export market is an imperative. growing our exports to the will create the jobs of tomorrow 95% of the world customers and the fastest-growing markets are beyond our borders. if you want to find new growth rings for our economy, we have to compete aggressively for those customers. other nations are competing aggressively. as long as i am president of the united states, we will fight for every job, every industry, every market, everywhere. and we intend to win. that is why i set this goal. we are on track to meet it. exports are up nearly 18% so far over last year.

today, i would like to offer an update on some of the steps that we have taken to get their and steps we're taking based on this council recommendation to keep making progress. earlier this year, i launched the national export initiative, to marshal the fruit -- the full resources of the federal government behind america's businesses, large and small, in order to best help them sell their goods, services, and ideas to the rest of the world. one of the things i pledged to do as part of this initiative was to move forward on new trade agreements with some of our key partners. i promised to do it in a way to secure a level playing field for our companies and a fair shake for workers without compromising our most cherished values. that is why i am so pleased that the united states and south korea reached agreement on a landmark trade deal last week. we expect this deal with terrorists and reductions alone to boost american goods by two $11 billion.

in all told, this agreement, including the agreement of the korean services market, will support 11,000 american jobs. i hope to finalize the agreement when i -- i hoped to finalize this agreement what troubled korea last month. it was not yet good enough for our workers or our economy. as much as i believe that looking out for american workers required competing in the global marketplace, i also believe that, as we compete in the global marketplace, we have to look out for american workers. so let's take the time to get this right and we did. it is now a deal that is good for our workers, before our businesses, before our farmers, before our ranchers, good for aerospace, good for electronics manufacturers. in particular, american car and truck manufacturers will have more access to korea's markets.

it continues to ensure a level playing field for our automakers. it is also good for our friend and ally south korea. they will grow their economy, a gain greater access to our markets, and will also get american products that will be more affordable for korean households and businesses. that means more trusses for them and more jobs for us. it is good for american leadership. as i have insisted all along, the deal that we struck includes workers' rights and future trade agreements that i will pursue. it is an agreement supported by mayors of congress on both sides of the aisle. -- supported by members of congress on both sides of the aisle. i look forward to working with congress and leaders of both parties to approve it. if there's one thing to agree on

it is creating jobs and opportunity for the american people. another thing we said we would do is go to bat as a strong advocate for our businesses abroad. this is something that pledged to lead personally. on the same trip when we were working to get the korean deal done, i took the opportunity to sell our exports to one of the fastest-growing markets in the world. while lear, we reached several landmark deals, from bowing to ge engines to mining equipment, deals worth nearly $10 billion in exports and will support more than 50,000 american jobs. i also believe that strong economic partnerships can create prosperity at home and advancement around the world. that is why we focused on deepening our economic cooperation with russia. from aerospace to agriculture, including restarting american poultry exports this year.

i believe that russia belongs in the wto and we should support all efforts to make that happen. i think medvedev is doing important things to push russia afford on a whole host of issues. i told them that the united states would be a partner in that effort. welcoming pressure to the wto would be go for them and us and the global economy. finally, we have also been working to reform our export control system with high-tech companies like some of yours in mind. so that firms that make products with social security evocations can remain competitive and better protect our national security interest. when this council met in september, some of you asked that we make it easier for businesses to participate in these reform efforts. today, i am pleased to announce that we're publishing a first set of guidelines for what products should be controlled in -- should be controlled in the

future. about three-quarters of products previously subject to stricter budget to stricter controls will be subject to a more flexible is. many are expected to fall off the list altogether. we want input from businesses and our colleagues to complete this reform. we are also unveiling a new export web page. typically, all businesses that export have to go through a maze of different lists, different formats, different departments to make sure they are not selling their products somewhere or to someone that they should not be. as important as that is, the process is repetitive and redundant and owners for small businesses without the means to navigate it all. so we are changing that.

effective today, businesses can go to export.gov and find a list of attendees would export requirements. that is a lot of work that we have been doing to double our exports, to open up new markets and to level the playing field for american workers and businesses. it all has the overarching business of growing and strengthening the american economy. i'm very much looking forward to the discussion we will be having as you guys continue your work. i'm grateful for all of you being here. well many of us around this table may not agree year on every issue, what does bind us together is that we want to see our businesses grow, see our workers get hired, our people to compete, and to stay on top in the 21st century. i am confident we can do that with your help. thank you very much and i think you will stand at this podium so

i can sit down and listen a little bit. [laughter] [applause] >> after their meeting, the cochairs of the president's export council responded to house democrats who opposed the president's deal with republicans on tax cuts. we also hear from commerce

secretary gary lauck. >> there are reports now that the house will not take up the tax deal in its current form. we would like your reactions. >> i have not heard that. obviously, some of the reports indicate that more members here the provisions that the president was successful in getting into this agreement, beyond extending the bush era tax cuts. more members are supportive. they realize that this will actually help american companies grow and expand and hire more people. the reduction in the two percentage -- the two percentage point reduction in the payroll tax means substantially more money in the pockets of americans, above and beyond the continuation of the tax cuts. if you look at the analysis by income levels, it is substantially more money that

working-class americans will have in their pockets. >> if they did not take it up, would it be a setback? >> absolutely. this tax proposal will help continue the recovery. i think it is vital to continue the recovery. as we look at the capital expenditures, we will invest a lot more money. for retell cells to continue, i think this payroll tax rebate is something that will be very helpful to the consumer next year. i think it could be a major setback for do not approve it next year. the expensing provision, even the temporary extension of the tax credits and the payroll exemption are just examples of the required progress that we need to solidify the economy and grow jobs. it gives us a little uncertainty

of how the near term will look. i think it would be disappointing if it did not pass. various economists around the country are in pretty strong consensus that this agreement, with all the many measures in it, from the expensing provisions to the reduction in payroll taxes to the continuation of some of the tax credits for working families, whether it is for college tuition or so forth, will actually create millions of new jobs in the next year and the next year-and-a-half. that is very important at such a -- and such a critical party for the american people. >> next, the head of the president's export council, boeing president and ceo james mcnerney. he spoke at the american enterprise institute for about 45 minutes about expanding trade and the lack of skilled labor in the work force.

>> good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. thank you for attending today's event. i am the president of a i -- of aei. this is featuring a distinguished panel and a keynote address by jim mcnerney, chairman and ceo of the boeing corporation. i grew up in seattle, washington. when i grew up in the 1970's, seattle was a company town. it was a boeing town. boeing was responsible for its success and the growth of culture, many of the institutions that i enjoyed as a kid. i have a special attachment to it for that reason. while now boeing is headquartered in chicago, people in seattle still feel the way i

do. i am particularly delighted to have gotten to know jim mcnerney over the past year and to have him here at aie. it is a great honor for us to hear his remarks. boeing is a $68 billion aerospace corporation. jim has been running boeing as ceo since 2005. he has a senate career as executive and a number of fortune 50 firms, including procter and gamble, general electric, and 3m. he has been recently appointed to the president's export council. this is a very important position that helped the united states craft policy around expanding exports in the united states and identifying challenges around the world. he has a unique perspective, both as chief executive of one of america's most important companies and as serving the president united states in trade and export policy and such that

we can figure out the policies that will move our country forward and protect our system of globalized free trade and democratic capitalism. i turn over the microphone to jim mcnerney. [applause] >> it is a pleasure to be here to kick off what i hope will be a continuing dialogue about how they business community, the newly elected congress, and the obama administration can work together to keep our nation strong an increasingly competitive on a global scale. arthur, thank you for the invitation and again for the warm introduction.

i appreciate it, and most importantly for your leadership at aie. from its beginnings in new york back in 1938, this organization has been a critically important voice for the value of free enterprise. you're helping carry that mantle into the 21st century. today's for monterey and the national export initiative is a prime example. -- prime example of the important role that aie plays in national issues. it is difficult to find a more timely and relevant public policy body to spotlight. we also thank -- let me also thank the panelists, who we will hear from shirley. you really are part of the solution.

so thank you very much for participating. to begin, there is little question that one of the messages from last month's election is that people all over america are deeply concerned about the economy, particularly the jobs situation and the financial uncertainty that they directly affect them. lots of people do not care whether the solutions or democratic or republican ideas. they just want leaders who will come together to find solutions that work. i believe there are many areas for common ground or at least should exist when it comes to an economic solution. there's no question that hard work and careful consideration of a vast number of ideas from the spectrum are required. hopefully, the agreement reached monday on individual and corporate tax rates will serve as the first of more examples of

that. my main theme this afternoon centers around u.s. competitiveness. what we need in this nation right now is economic growth and job creation. but sustaining that overtime forces us to think about the globals long term - competitiveness. competition will get much tougher because we are now operating in a true global marketplace. rising incomes and rising standards of living and education around the world have created billions of potential new customers for u.s. goods and services. i will come -- it is a welcome opportunity for growth, to be sure. it has also given rise to aggressive new competitors seeking to further that -- to further their place in the world.

it is not only for customers, but ideas, power, technology, and capital. in essence, winning at home, in terms of creating jobs and growing our economy, now means winning abroad on all those points. that raises the bar in many ways for u.s. companies and u.s. workers. ultimately, i believe that increasing competition is a good thing. i also believe that the innovation and productivity of american businesses and the american worker will continue to be the keys to our growth and our prosperity. but sustaining these historic competitive advantages in a global market place under difficult economic circumstances compels us to take action to strengthen the system that supports them both. earlier this year, doubted the obama administration was missing some important opportunities for

real progress along these lines. however, today, i would tell you that i believe the a demonstration has noticeably advance the discussion, particularly when it comes to the importance of strengthening the u.s. export engine. evidence of this shift can be found in president obama's reconstituting of the council -- the president's export council and his personal engagement in the work and on issues such as commercial diplomacy for business outreach. let me add as an aside that the producers to create the kebabs our economies of esplanades, to feel that they're part of the solution is necessary rather than vestiges of the problem. words and deeds send important signals.

more of the right ones are beginning to be sent. i know my peers and colleagues will react favorably to receiving those signals with even greater regularity in the days ahead. turning back to exports, as was mentioned, i do have the privilege of sharing the president's export council and the private and public sector members who comprise it. our purpose is to develop recommendations to expand export and drive job growth. we aim to directly support the president's goal to double exports in five years. this is an ambitious goal to be sure. if we can clear the way for u.s. businesses to do what they naturally do best, which is to compete, i think it is achievable. u.s. exports totalled over 1.5 trillion last year, which is

down to 1.7 million last year. about 10 million jews jobs are tied to them. manufacturing companies like boeing account for about one trillion of our annual exports and support millions of direct and many multiples of that in the case of indirect jobs across the economy. with the vast majority of world consumers living outside the united states, the magnitude of our export of opportunity is limited only by our failure to pursue it. as many of you know, this morning, we held the second formal meeting of the afore mentioned export council where we reported on the progress of our initial recommendations from this past november, which i will come back to in a second. we also approved a second set of recommendations that we estimate

can add well over an additional $100 billion more into our experexport outlook. we also addressed the inadequate detection and enforcement of intellectual copyrights of may u.s. manufacturers in foreign markets. a recent economic study estimated that piracy of music, movies, business software, video games, and the like cost our economy more than 370,000 jobs. overseas piracy is clearly a major contributor to these job losses and must be curtailed by strong and sustained action. other recommendations for did this morning included reforming the corporate tax system,

improving data collection and data sharing to accommodate adequately for the value of our u.s. services and actively support russia's ascension to the wto to help with what is now the world's 12th largest economy. we also have robust discussion about how we might gauge more small and medium-sized businesses in exporting. today, only 1% or close to 300,000 of those businesses export for a total of two of those nine -- busines businesses export for the total in 2009. returning to the council's first meeting in september, we presented four recommendations that we estimated to be worth as

much as $250 billion in positive export impact over the next two years. we're working hard on $350 billion framed by the 1.5 total export. above them, we are expanding free trade agreements. there has been a lot of progress since that meeting. promoting tourism to the u.s., a huge unaddressed opportunity that we make difficult with some of our immigration and visa requirements. and retraining iraq and afghanistan war veterans. there's no question that a lot more work needs to be done and we need the help of groups like the aei to continue

advancing these recommendations. to me, trade is a good example of a policy where there is no reason that business leaders and government leaders cannot join together for mutual benefit. opening up new trading markets for u.s. goods and services will make a big impact here in america. i am certain you already know this. i'm not sure that a lot of people understand that the fda normalize trade relations and allowed the u.s. to get into new markets while our partners already have access to our markets. they also leveled the playing field for trade competitors who are from europe or other places who already have trade agreements in place. inaction only hurts us.

we used to lead in this area. now we are catching up against people we compete with. for example, the united states had a manufactured goods surplus with this trade partners of 21 billion in 2008, 26 billion in 2009, and we are running a third surplus in 2010. our deficit is with non-fda countries. fda is part of the solution, not part of the problem. south korea is an example. u.s. officials estimate that our nation exports to korea will grow yearly by $11 billion. and thousands of u.s. jobs will be created because of this agreement. it will eliminate a big competitive disadvantage for u.s. workers by removing the current tariff on 11% applied to u.s. exports. it will benefit many of our trade competitors with korea.

the administration should be saluted for all the effort is putting into achieving this agreement. it is a significant accomplishment. again, i hope groups like this one will join with the business community in urging congress to ratify quickly. it is also important that we seize this moment, now that we have a template that represents the coming together of labor business -- labor, business, and government in panama and colombia. up-and-coming trade competitors are aggressively seeking agreements for the benefit of their workers and their economies. as a result, the united states, who was once ahead in providing a competitive advantage to its

workers, remains at risk of falling behind if we do not act. we simply cannot allow that to happen. another area we need to give top level ascension and one where progress is already being made is reform of our export control system and the technology release process at the department of defense. as we staring to the reality of a potentially declining dod budget, international defense sales will be increasingly important for sustaining jobs here at home. a good example of that trend is a proposed multi-billion dollar package to saudi arabia. the administration recently notified congress of this package which will not only bolster the defense needs of a key ally in the region, but will also sustained more than 70,000 jobs.

there will be even more jobs with u.s. contractors involved in the package. it is vital, as we move forward, that we have an export control system that is as effective -- that is totally effective, but efficient. the administration's reform efforts are aimed at achieving that goal. they are aimed at efforts that will protect biotechnologies and streamlining the overall outcome. a lot of credit goes to secretary gates for his leadership on the issue. he sees the important role that an effective and efficient system has on enabling inoperability with key allies and supporting coalition efforts. in this regard, the recent ratification of the u.s.- australia agreement helps. much more remains to be done in

this area, particularly in the dual-use area, which gets to areas on the commercial side. much more needs to be done on this area to accomplish the administration's objective of a single agency, a single i.t. system, and a single enforcement process. my point here is that, as we talk about this, this is an important operational and administration part of the public that will require continued attention. i lost my life here. i can still read it. i am good. [laughter] it said "'s." [laughter] -- it said "pause." [laughter] this is not about turning inward and becoming a protectionist. it is about ensuring a level playing field for all competitors. it will not come as a surprise

to many of you that i would highlight here the current case before the world trade organization regarding european government subsidies for the airbus. that is boeing's sole competitor in the commercial aircraft market. the wto issued a final ruling on the case that confirmed what we have maintained for very long time. without billions in illegal subsidies over the years, airbus would not have the product or market share it has today. and the u.s. aerospace industry lost billions of dollars in exports which accounts for tens of thousands of jobs as a result. specifically, the wto found that airbus received about $20 billion in illegal subsidies, including $15 billion in new launch aid across every aircraft model in his suite. that includes the a 330 family,

which is the basis in the u.s. air force competition. launch aid is funded by european governments and turns far below what is commercial barring. it includes success and independent repayment terms. outstanding debt has been forgiven. claims in a european countersuit alleging $23 billion of subsidies to boeing from the u.s. defense department and nasa appear to have been largely dismissed in a confidential interim ruling. the most pernicious form of subsidy, the aforementioned launch aid, has money and been

alleged. launch aid offers airbus a significant cost advantage that we have argued should be taken into account in the air force tanker competition. this time, however, they have refused to factor the subsidies into their evaluation process, which seems like a clear contradiction to the successful efforts of yet another arm of the u.s. government, the u.s. trade differs -- the u.s. trade representative, to level the playing field for u.s. workers. other nations will cite -- with sites on the aerospace industry are watching with great interest. the final rulings in these cases will set a precedent that reaches far beyond boeing and airbus, beyond the u.s., and beyond that you.

companies like ours can compete very effectively against any other company. but we should not have to compete against the the treasury's of other countries. another important element of our trade and export policy, one that has also been controversial among some in congress is the bank. xm is not controversial at all. first, it returned $135 million to u.s. treasury last year alone as it usually does. second, it helps u.s. companies increased sales and export by supporting customers who might not have the credit rating to borrow on the commercial market. third, xm, like other credit agencies around the world delivered extraordinary support by not allowing a recent -- there is a credit crisis to

spill over into a relatively healthy industries like aerospace, for example. in the case of the u.s., dxm bank supported real demand for aircraft. it helped ensure that commercial aviation could weather the storm, rather than be paralyzed by external circumstances. xm also had a number of other u.s. companies extend their reach in important fields, such as energy production and recycling. in fiscal year 2010, this help included $5 billion for small export financing, which is a record reflected in the priorities of the council and the administration. under chairman and president fred hotspur, they have made it a priority for small and medium- sized enterprises, which employ about 50% of u.s. workers and only account for about 30% of u.s. exports. the continued out reached to small business, including

encouraging their participation in exporting and providing tools to become successful exporters, they're sure to be successful even more. this is a program that works and helps the u.s. economy. xm the schedule for reauthorization next year. as part of that process, we need to work with new and returning members of congress to clearly articulate the substantial benefit xm brings to our country. again, i believe aei can play an important role in that. with the upcoming congress and the tough budget choices they will face in mind, i want to highlight these notes. fundamental challenges to u.s..

first, a shrinking u.s. defense industrial base and, second, and even faster shrinking pool of u.s. workers who have skills in the problem-solving fields of science, technology, engineering, and math. the defense industrial base, historically, has been one of the united states greatest strategic assets. yet, for the first time in a century, there is no u.s. team actively working on a major new deal in the airplane development program. in addition, there is no active rotorcraft bellman program. nor is there a new nasa spaceflight program. it is getting smaller rather than bigger. secretary gates is seeking about $100 billion in the

acquisition process. at boeing, we have been supportive of the secretary's initiative. at the same time, we need to remember that the strong connection between our nation's economic power and its military power is key. the court to -- the core of the connection is a need for a strong and sustainable base. as a result of recent government reductions and program terminations, the u.s. defense and aerospace industry is in real danger of atrophying our ability to do development work at a time when global competitors are making this a priority. i suspect some of you are shuddering right now because you might think you're hearing me

advocate for a national industrial policy. even though many of our competitors aggressively pursue and operate such policies, that is not what i am suggesting. instead, i believe the u.s. has worked toward a coherent national defense -- national industrial strategy if we hope to remain competitive globally. i do not want to micromanage the process. the thinking that got us here, the idea that no national industrial strategy is best could leave us without critical capability. we may need to protect our national interest and economic security. we do not need right lines, but we do need a framework to move forward. i am not suggesting that i know what all the elements of such a

strategy would or should be. but we need to start talking about it. in fact, i suggest that a national industrial strategy should be an important element of aei defending defense initiatives. the defense budget cuts are being proposed less to bring a sense fiscal responsibility to federal funding, but more to create "nothing short of a reversal of america's six-decade long strategic posture." viewing potential cuts through the lens of a national industrial strategy, one that places a high priority on maintaining u.s. technological leadership, would certainly help the questioning of motivation, even if it might result in the same cuts overall. at least there will be a consistent prizm through which to view every option and create

the right debate. to my second pressing concern, one of our nation's biggest challenges is in its talent pipeline. while some countries, including india and china are funneling more and more of their best and brightest students into math and engineering programs, the number of students graduating -- the u.s. student spreading with math and engineering degrees has declined. everything you hear about the job shortage in the united states and do not get me wrong, unemployment is a very real problem, boeing and other technology based organizations are facing an impending skills shortage. that is to say that we cannot find enough qualified engineers, scientists, and other technical workers to meet our needs. the problem is gone particularly acute for defense programs that require u.s. citizenship and

security clearances. i can make an educated guess at one of the root causes of this apparent fading of interest, the perceived lack of a good future with the exciting things to work on. for many of the senate -- when many of us in this room was growing up, our generation was inspired by sending a man to the moon and exploring the universe. i hope that we, as a nation, will find another mission or missions to inspire and deploy our young people. the industrial base and workforce issues are clearly interlinked in my mind and threaten to spiral us into a vicious circle. if we allow our industrial base to fall into disrepair, opportunities for good jobs will dwindle. there will not be many foreign military sales the there because we will have to close production lines. at the same time, to provide --

without a pipeline of employees, it will cause the u.s. industrial base to deteriorate further and put our global leadership at risk. there is no question that the issues and challenges that we face today can spur a meaningful job creation in the near term and sustain economic growth in the long term and is big and complex. the ideas i suggested are not the only answers by any means. but i hope to provide a place to begin the conversation and move this nation forward. strong national leadership and collaboration of leaders in business, politics, education, and others, i know that we will find a way forward to continued growth and prosperity for all america. thank you very much for listening. i would be happy to take a couple questions at this time.

[applause] >> we will take a few questions. we have a tight schedule. but we will entertain some questions. please wait for the microphone to come to you and then identify yourself and ask a brief question or comment. right there in the second row. >> there's one in the back, too. >> patrick will sen. -- patrick wilson. one thing you did not talk about is the research component, a key part of the leadership that the u.s. government provides. from a boeing perspective, how do you see that as a priority? >> that should be part, in my mind, of the standard

discussion. it is not just producing endemic products. i think it is about producing academic results that help build the industrial base. i think we need to be thoughtful about it. we need to decide that every r&d project is not the same. that should be part of the strategic discussion and part of the funding. i am aware that the funding has come down significantly. it is under pressure. but you do not excite people given the kind of work or get the quality of person that you want to be part of it unless somebody begins the work on the front end as well as the back end. ok. i think there is one in the way back. >> thank you for your comments.

what those the world market share between airbus and boeing share da? if the court had not ruled against europe, what would have been me market share after the ruling? >> can i answer that? >> sure. >> when the dust settles in this, the wto has made it through on both sides. in the next five years to 10 years, the appropriation for that, boeing will have a sense of where we go from here beyond the wto. will there be a necessity to sit down with a budding new china and brazil? i assume we cannot go on going

through wto legal cases in setting policy. if it is on our side, it is great. but it does -- but we need to take a comprehensive look at what is possible and what is not. >> market share is different by size of airplane, large commercial aircraft. we have higher market share in the larger planes. they have a slightly higher market share in the smaller planes. what will happen both with regard to now and down the road, it will be a government-to- government solution. for the launch a portion of the judgment, there is some prescription in the wto rules,

some remedies. but the government will decide, will negotiate and decide. given a strong hand, we hope they will force action. some of these practices will be stopped and remedies will be applied. but that is for our government to do. one of the things i felt was important was exactly your point. there will be chance over the next 20 years -- there will be new entrance of the next 20 years for different sized airplanes. without this issue having been brought in front of the global industrial base, so to speak, i

think we would have run the risk of significant misunderstanding if airbus practices had been allowed to continue. i think it would have been unclear. there would have been multiple suits of this nature. and there still might be. the clarity of of the ruling here will let everybody know what is in balance and what is out of bounds. -- what is inbounds and what is out of bounds. yes. chris? >> chris walsh. you talked about the free-trade agreements. the benefit of the free trade

agreements are completely obvious. but the administration has been reluctant to against these free trade agreements of the last two years. from this perspective, you have the sense the administration is willing to convert its rhetoric into active support, particularly in the congress where there's a quite a bit of skepticism? it will require some heavy lifting. could you comment on that? >> my short answer is yes. i think the pressure point is ruling from the administration to the congress. the administration is committed to getting the first three trade agreements done. and they are talking actively

now about the trans-pacific partnership. at the end of the day, it could be the most important one when viewed 10 years from now. that is now a dialogue that the president and alistair cooke are having. that represents a sea change in their willingness and is not an easy pot politically. there is a lot of statesmanship in their drive. when you do frame it in an economic and competitive context, it is very clear. i think they are stepping up. i do. the congressional approval cycle still has to be managed. that is my sense of it.

i think there is one right there. yes. >> in your focus on the defense exports as an element in all of this, i am thinking back. i did not hear the president specifically mention this, that he has talked about these businesses and education. is this something that he has avoided? >> no. i do not want to speak for the president. i think what he is trying to do is read frame competitiveness in terms of global capability, driving global sales, and

driving jobs at home. he is framing the discussion. when you frame it that way, you end up with industries -- for example, the industry with the largest balance of trade is the aerospace industry. it has about 100 billion exports, something on the order of $40 billion or $50 billion in export. if you look at aerospace in the way the issue has been framed, there are no -- you get to a lot of places. any other ones? or? well, good. >> you settled at all. [laughter]

thank you very much for coming. >> in a few moments, attorney general eric colder and homeland security secretary janet napolitano. then the new report on tobacco smoke. then a president obama on new goals to expand trade. a couple of live events to tell you about tomorrow. allan meltzer discusses his book on the history of the federal reserve. that is live on c-span3 at 9:00. hillary clinton and deputy israeli prime minister speak on a u.s.-israel relations at an event hosted by the brookings institution. that is live at 8:00 eastern.

>> just in time for the holiday season, the supreme court, it is being offered directly from our publisher to viewers at a very special price. just $5 plus shipping and handling. this hardcover edition is the first book that tells the story of the supreme court. 10 original interviews with current and retired supreme court justices. the supreme court to gives readers a personal and compelling view of the modern court, rich with history and tradition. 16 pages of photographs detailing the architecture of the building. to order copies, go to c- span.org/books.

place your order by december 15 to receive your pop is in time for holiday gift-giving. >> met with their european counterparts today to discuss counterterrorism and cyber crime. speakers included eric holder, janet napolitano . this is a half an hour. >> also with us are the minister of justice of belgium and

minister of home affairs. we also welcome representatives of the next presidency from hungary. over the past two days, secretary napolitano and i have had the opportunity to once again participate in the european union it-united states ministerial. i truly believe that the work that we do together is a testament to the importance that the united states attaches to its justin's -- justice and law enforcement relationships with its member states. the topics that we discussed at our meeting, ranging from coordination of our work on counter-terrorism to understanding on protecting the privacy of personal information, to immigration.

it shows the depth of the e- u.s. law enforcement relationship. that relationship is paying dividends on both sides of the atlantic. we have worked together on cases involving major fraud, narcotics trafficking, and child exploitation. our cooperation has had a real impact on putting premier -- criminals behind bars and protecting their citizens. as our colleagues returned home, i hope that we note -- they know that we look forward to continuing the strong partnership in the years ahead. >> thank you. let me join the attorney general and saying that we have had very productive conversations with our european colleagues on confronting the common press that we face. the threats environment that we

confront is constantly evolving. it requires that we continue to be partners and that we've evolved and adjust our methodologies as well. we discussed a number of issues. one of them was cyber security and the establishment of a working group. we actually created this in lisbon during the summit there. now we are often terms of the actual collaboration that will be done. we talked about aviation security and all the things that have happened since the january 2010 meeting in spain. between the united states and the eu on improving and building international cooperation or

passenger security is involved. we are now embarked upon the actual the association of what is called the passenger name record agreement, which will build on the agreement that we had in 2007, but will allow us to continue to share critical information for the protection of passengers. that gives you a sense or a flavor of some of the issues that were raised and discussed. i want to think the attorney general for hosting the meeting this time and to our colleagues for coming to the united states for these discussions. >> we had very fruitful

discussions. we are continuing to respond very quickly and we have taken very seriously what two weeks in a lisbon on the eu-u.s. summit our leaders have been discussing on the necessity to advance security. they have underlined also the need for working toward a protection agreement in order to make it easier for all of these security transfer of data. it is absolutely necessary in order to ensure the security of our citizens to have the protection of personal data. today, we have centered our discussion on the immediate next

step. there is a mandate that is a chief negotiator. our chief negotiator together with the u.s. counterpart is having exploratory discussions in order to see how we can advance on this topic. the ball is in the field of our american counterparts. we hope that until the next meeting, we will have advanced -- so that we can link together security expectations and the protection of rights. >> very glad to be here. we have discussed a lot of extremely important things

today. regarding security issues where we do have a common agenda and we can only move forward by doing this together. i am very happy about launching of the group. we also discussed terrorism and how we can address this issue of increased radicalization and our society. we lunched also the negotiations on pnr. it is important to fight terrorism and organized crime. we will move quickly to set up an agreement. we also voiced from the european union are concerns about -- we have sent them into the relevant american authorities. we think it is a problem in our joint ambition to increase the

mobility over the atlantic. this is creating some annoyance for the citizens. it has been a very good and fruitful meeting. thank you. >> belgian minister of justice, would you like to make some remarks? >> it will be coming at the end of the six months. we are very glad to be here and to seek the discussions continued. we discussed with the european union and the united states. we had a council of ministers together last week. we discussed plenty of items. the political action in the european union and the action in the united states is converging

in a very positive way. we can start. we made to decisions last week on sexual abuse of minors and and pornography. we discussed it today and said, we have to work together. we were able to discuss this today. we are very happy to be here to seek that we can continue with this cooperation. we need some more dialogue on some other items to be more effective in our cooperation and to be more creative. one of the main items that we discussed is the cyber criminality and that is a huge objective. it is a really big problem and we have to be very creative to find the solutions. we are very happy to be here.

we hope that it will be continued from our colleagues from hungary. >> i would like to advise the belgian minister of home affairs to make some remarks. but still a very much. i am very glad that last week, we approved the mandates of the european commission to start negotiations with the united states concerning pnr. i hope that we will have us and as possible at agreement on that issue because it is so important in our fight, are common fight, against terrorism. i have also explained that during this meeting, all the measures have taken last week concerning the cargo security and how we can improve the cargo security, i think it is very important that we can always exchange the measures that we

are taking in the european union. they are measures that can improve our common fight against terrorism. last point, because i do not want to repeat everything, we talked about the prevention of radicalization. i think we have a very good exchange of best practices between our two continents and we have some very concrete examples during our belgian presidency concerning the prevention of radicalization, how we can involve more of civil society in that prevention. how we can give the manual to our policemen. if we are going to give that manual to our policeman. how they can detect as quick as possible all symbols of radicalization. we had a very good exchange of information on that prevention.

that is the most important thing, taking the measures possible that something does happen. >> i would not like to invite the hon dairy and minister of justice and hung there in the minister of the interior to speak. -- secondary and -- hungarian. >> we want to continue the efforts made so far across the eu and the united states. there are a lot of shared concerns and problems, so we need shared solutions. we have a good turning point in this cooperation. we will have another meeting in april in budapest and we will

have a chance to have a debate on the pnr, the data protection, how to tackle cyber crime and organized crime. we have to find common solutions because we have common background. >> before we open ourselves to questions, i would like to ask express our collective thanks to our ambassador to the eu, william. he is right there. he was an integral part of our conversation today. he is an old friend and a great ambassador. it is good to have him back in washington. thank you, bill. >> the question is for the secretary. i believe several months ago,

you were saying that the existing agreement in 2007 was working very well. the eu is saying that it wants a new agreement. on the other agreement, data protection agreement, i believe one of the the key issues is a fact that european citizens do not have the same rights and records as u.s. citizens under the u.s. privacy act. i am wondering what you think are the prospects for any change to the data privacy act that would give the citizens equal access. >> the nice thing about pnr is that we do have existing agreement. it can always be improved. particularly in light of the systems that are in place now, which has been improved since two dozen 7.

because of some of the issues that have been identified, we need to address them together. the purpose of the mandate is to make sure that the agreement between the eu and the united states on the pcr takes care of some of the issues that have been raised over the last few years and also really sets us up for the future as we move forward on passenger security. >> the way that would get to that question is -- the united states and the european union share the same values when it comes to the protection of privacy rights. the systems that we have in place, though different, have been effective. with regard to the privacy act that exist in the united states, one of the things that we discussed is the possibility of coming up with administrative measures that would deal with the concerns that you've raised. >> [inaudible]

>> i cannot hear you. >> [inaudible] and that right -- you mentioned that private security was discussed. what type of pressure have you applied on a companies like mastercard in terms of spending accounts? >> i am not going to talk about the ongoing investigation that i have described over the course of the last week or so. we have an active ongoing and serious investigation of that matter. we had informal conversations about wikileaks, the concern that it was raised in the minds of all of us. the hope here is that the

investigation that we are conducting will allow us to hold accountable the people responsible for that unwarranted disclosure of information that has put at risk the safety of the american people and the people who work on behalf of america. >> paypal said yesterday that they have received letters and the administration. >> i am not going to comment on the investigative steps of the taken. >> as part of this operation payback that was a cyber war, with the computer intrusions, having directed the fbi to look at these incidents? is there any investigation? >> we are aware of the incidents that you have described and we are looking into them. >> have you identified all the

people involved? >> the investigation is ongoing. >> yesterday's fbi operation in baltimore was related to a string of undercover stings targeted muslims. some muslim organizations have expressed concerns regarding the fear of entrapment. how do you balance the need for security it with the concerns of such organizations? what sort of recommendations did you have coming out of your meeting last week? >> one of the things that we do -- we are bound and determined to protect the american people. we will use every legitimate lawful technique that we have in order to do that. we are very mindful of the rights that people have. we did not engage in tactics

that in trapped people. -- in trapped people. i think you will see that in the case yesterday in baltimore, the other one in oregon, any number of occasions, the people who were arrested and given the opportunity to turn away from their stated desire to harm american citizens. the techniques that we used are legitimate. the way in which the techniques have been employed has been appropriate. we are very sensitive to the way in which we use these tactics and these techniques. >> any recommendations coming out of the meeting? >> this meeting? >> the muslim organizations last week. >> i think that we are on an appropriate course. i will be going to california this afternoon and speaking to a muslim group tomorrow. i will undoubtedly talk about

this in some form or fashion, but i am comfortable with the way in which we have been conducting ourselves in connection with these investigations. >> would you address the legislation in congress that would seek to block a civilian trial for any -- >> i sent a letter to senator reid as well as to minority leader mitch mcconnell. indicating that the administration opposes that proposed measure. i, as attorney general, signed that letter in opposition to the proposed legislation. it simply does not make any sense to get away from the president's options that he needs. options that i need to keep the american people safe. to remove from us the ability to use the article 3 courts to try

terrorist. it is an unwise move and puts the american people at risk. this is a tool that has been used successfully hundreds of times, most recently in the new york. the inability that we will have this measure was to pass is something that i think is on y s and puts the safety of the american people at risk. >> what else are you doing at this stage -- this intimate picked it up at any point. -- the senate may pick it up at any point. would you recommend that the president veto the legislation based on that provision alone? >> this is the statement that is contained in the letter that goes to the senators. it is administration statement. it is an indication that the

president opposes that provision. in the strongest possible terms, on a very personal level, and as the person who knows these cases better than anybody, anybody. this legislation is unwise. it takes away from the justice department, from our investigative agencies, from the american people the ability to hold accountable people who have committed mass murder, people do intended to harm, kill american citizens. this is an extremely unwise piece of legislation. it is our hope that with this very forceful statement of opposition that is contained in the letter that i signed and sent to the congress that the bill would not become law as it is presently constructed. >> [inaudible] >> my hope will be is that this

law will not become a factor. >> if you and your colleagues in your meetings today reach an agreement about a uniform approach? >> we did not talk about wikileaks. >> secretary, recently, an ambassador was visiting with local officials in mississippi had to undergo a pat-down. she presented her diplomatic credentials at the airport and everything. indeed think that searchers like that go too far -- do you think that searchers like -- searches like that go too far? >> we have spoken with the ambassador. it was by the book. it was something that followed our procedures. i think it was appropriate under

the circumstances. we do have protocols in place if there is a for warning before somebody gets to an airport. they have special credentials that we cannot work with them on that, but in this case, that protocol had not been utilized. again, what was done by the officer was done appropriately and by the buck. >>-- book. >> do you have any countries as the focal point for any wikileaks research backs like iceland? -- like iceland? >> i do not want to go into any of this the specifics. >> some have suggested that the response by a thoses support

wikileaks to attack amazon and other companies is a cyber war. what you are doing -- cyber issues are in your purview. what are you doing to mitigate that? >> i think the attorney general has already said that he will not comment on any ongoing investigations with respect to wikileaks. with respect to the protection of the private sector, we are working very closely with a variety of matters involving cyber attacks, cyber intrusions and the like, but i think your question raises the importance of cyber. that is why our discussions with the eu to date were to follow up on the agreement made by our leaders in lisbon two weeks ago

to formulate a u.s.-eu cyber working group and to really focus on issues about intrusions into critical infrastructure and into the financial markets and into other areas that are cyber dependent. that working group has already begun and i think we will see some very important measures that come out of that that will be between the united states and the eu. >> are you suggesting that the next release of documents could be confidential threat assessments of detainees at guantanamo? are a concern that sources may cut out as a result of that? are you concerned that there could be some additional questions regarding whether some detainees have gone back into [inaudible] >> client concerned about to -- i am concerned about the nature

of the release. the release of this information has put at risk american national security. whatever it is 2, i think will not -- whatever is to come will be consistent with the concerns i have expressed. >> can you address that? >> use all the reports that was issued yesterday. one of the things that i take from that report is the substantially smaller number of people who have returned to the fight. under the obama administration and the process that we used where we had an interagency effort to an analysis of each of the detainees before a transfer decision was made. a unanimous vote was required.

you have seen a much smaller number of those people who are transferred by the obama administration returned to the fight. there is obviously a concern about anybody returns to the fight. it is our obligation to hunt them down and to bring them to justice and that is what we will do. >> one question. can some of that just be attributed to time? the bush administration had more time. >> i am actually confident that the mechanisms that we put in place, the interagency effort that we put in place, the painstaking examination of all the paper that existed, the fact that we required unanimous votes with regard to how each of the detainees was going to be handled, disney a great deal confidence that the numbers that

we have seen should remain fairly constant. >> do you believe that the offices professional responsibility is addressing allegations of misconduct? >>opr does a really good job. the overwhelming majority of federal prosecutors in this country handle themselves inappropriate -- anna -- in inappropriate ways. the people who represent the united states on behalf of the department of justice do so honorably and do so with the rules. >> thank you. >> can i ask you one question about wikileaks? >> they are trying to get their hands on the fountain.

-- the founder. [inaudible] >> [inaudible] the currency is accused of, if he is then sent to sweden, he will be persecuted accordingly. i am not part of the swedish government. i trust that the independence of this will be conducted as always. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010]

>> and a few moments, the surgeon general's new report on the effects of tobacco smoke. in less than an hour, a national transportation safety board form on the best way to keep children safe while they are flying. after that, president obama on new goals to expand trade. more about trade issues from the head of boeing. on "washington journal tomorrow morning, more about the trade deals between the u.s. and south korea. he is the head of the national

foreign trade council. records university history professor will look at recent president of the midterm point. we will discuss the european debt situation with bruce stokes. "washington journal is live on c-span every day at 7:00. >> middle and high school students, as you work on your documentary, here are a few tips from our judges. >> one of the things i look for it is you, the student. i want to see you and your personality and that helps make your video stand out. >> what i like to see most are a real investment and care in the topic that you'll be telling us about. be sure to be interested in what you're telling us. if you are not interested in what you are presenting, chances are we probably will not be either. >> 1 tie-breaker for me was the

requirement on using c-span video. i am looking for videos where people have looked at the c-span content. >> for all the rules, go to studentcam.org. >> the cs get networks, it is all available for you on television, radio, and on social immediate networking site. find our content any time to the c-span video library. we take c-span on the road with our local content of vehicles. it is washington, your way. created by cable, provided as a public service. aunt -- >>n general surgeon general on the result of a new study.

she is joined by kathleen sibelius. for this 50 minute briefing. >> it is very nice to have one of our former surgeon general's with us this morning. welcome. we appreciate all of you joining us here today. i am really pleased to be here with two of our departments leaders. assistant secretary for help and our wonderful surgeon general. we are here to release the 38th surgeon general's report on tobacco. is want to pause for a moment and say that this efforts to on reducing tobacco use in america that is one of the great legacy pieces of surgeon general's. it was brought to light by a surgeon general in 1964 and it has continued to be a great effort. this year, when we are realizing

this effort to reduce and eliminate smoking in america, i am pleased to tell you that it's regina benjamin will be a wonderful leader in this effort along with our other health care leaders in continue that legacy. we have known the dangers of tobacco smoke for years. the reports that we are releasing today compile some new information. inhaling the poisons in tobacco smoke causes an immediate damage and leads to a deadly disease. the message from this report for americans is simple. there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. if you are a smoker, the best time to quit is right now. we are getting this data in an

importance moment in our campaign against tobacco use. the first report on smoking was released on 1964. more than two of five americans were spoken. by 2004, that number had fallen to about one at a five. about 20%. the bad is is that in recent years, the decline in adults and youths smoking has stalled at 20%. we are in a situation more every day, 4000 young americans under the age of 18 try their first cigarette. 1000 of those young americans under 18 become daily smokers. the ultimate result is that 1200 americans die every day as a result of tobacco related causes. our attitude is that if these numbers are not changing fast enough, our actions need to change. over the last two years, we have

looked at every tool that we have for reducing tobacco use. the first step was historic legislation signed by president obama last june. for the first time, it gave the fda the power to regulate tobacco products. that law includes a whole series of new reforms, but some of the most important to deal with marketing practices to america's children. in the past, tobacco companies had been very clever in finding ways to market their products to use. whether it is sponsoring concerts' or sporting events or giving out free samples and promotional items targeted specifically at kids. under the new law, we are bringing these practices to an end, making sure that your child will not come home with flavored lip balm court cell phone jewelry with an identifiable cigarette's brand logo. or recognizable pattern of

colors, something that we were sitting over and over again. the fda has also banned the tobacco industry from using terms like light and lo and miles on its packs. we think those terms mislead people into thinking that some cigarettes are actually safe. the report be are releasing today makes it clear that there is no such thing as a safe cigarette. as the food and drug administration recently announced, the most significant of state to cigarette warning labels and 25 years. instead of the old text, there will be graphic new labels that will illustrate the harms of smoking much more effectively. plasters tobacco legislation was just a start. -- last year's tobacco legislation was just a start. we will provide support to some of the most promising local tobacco control programs. altogether, we are investing

$200 million in programs like the one in boston. it is working to decrease tobacco use by engaging students to advocate against tobacco in schools and signing of developers to promote smoke-free housing. eventually, we hope those successful programs will become models for the rest of the country. we're also taking steps to give americans who use tobacco the support they need to quit. as part of the new insurance reform laws, the affordable care act, americans will get access to evidence based smoking cessation interventions at no additional cost. medicare will now conversation counseling for all beneficiaries. previously, if you were a medicare beneficiary, you had to wait and report for the disease in order to have access to smoking cessation help. we think it might make a little more sense to put before you get the disease. that is now available to all

beneficiaries as part of the medicare benefits package. it is those -- we are making use of all the tools at our disposal, from stopping misleading and exploited marketing practices to in power in local communities to make sure americans who want to quit smoking can get the kinds of counseling and treatment that are proven to help. to insure that these efforts are coordinated, last month are department unveiled our first ever comprehensive tobacco control plan. in the tobacco academic -- 10 -- ending the tobacco epidemic. it is a critical economical since a cost our health care system nearly $200 billion a year. today's report shows that every additional cigarettes in america is making us less help the country. we have made some significant

progress in the last two years, but we need to keep pushing aggressively forward. i would like to turn over the floor to the assistant secretary of health and a longtime champion of public health who has spearheaded our department's efforts on tobacco control. >> >> let me set -- let me thank the secretary for her words and her presence today. on this very important topic. i want to congratulate and thank the tremendous scientific community that contributed to the creation and release of this report today. let me sing aloud the centers for disease control and prevention.

they were absolutely vital in creating and releasing this report. we're also very pleased to have -- he will be joining us on the stage in a couple of minutes. every family in this nation has lost 1112 tobacco. every person in this room has lost a friend or a family member to tobacco. as a physician and a clinician for over 30 years, i've personally cared for so many patients who have suffered preventable suffering and died preventable deaths caused by tobacco. that is why it is critical to hear about today's surgeon general report describing the latest understanding of how tobacco smoke causes disease. today's report emphasizes that

every cigarettes can cause damage. the message is, while good help is a precious and fragile gift, in the cigarettes threatens to take away that gift at any time. with over 15 billion packs of cigarettes consumed each year in our country, that the threat remains omnipresent, but acceptable, and intolerable. it is our hope that today's report motivate us as a nation to declare that we will no longer accept the unacceptable and tolerate the intolerable. we cannot allow the past suffering disease and death caused by tobacco to be an inevitable part of america's future. we have a science to understand this epidemic. that is what today's report was

all about. we know what works. we know that most smokers want to quit. cessation services can help users receive the support they need and deserve. we know that the more it states spend on tobacco control programs and the longer they invest, the greater the public health impact. we note that comprehensive smoke-free policies in states and communities reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, prevent heart attacks, and improve lung health. we know that aggressive media campaign to prevent you from starting to smoke, help smokers quit, and change the social norm back to one that is healthy and smoke-free. to turn this knowledge into action, the secretary sibelius charge the department to create its first ever comprehensive

strategic action plan for tobacco control. as assistant secretary, i was honored to chair that a working group and created the comprehensive plan which was publicly released several weeks ago. we have been so gratified by the response of so many in this room and around the country who care deeply about help and want to make this plan, live. the surgeon general report today only strengthens the scientific foundations of this plan. together, we can make it real for the american people. the goal is to reduce the current adult smoking rate of around 20% to 12% by the year 2020. the plant is organized around four pillars of action. the first pillar is the support implementation of evidence based tobacco control interventions

and policies in states and communities. the secretary has already mentioned pout recovery act funds will support those interventions in communities across this nation. also of note, just this year, the implementation of state wide comprehensive smoke-free laws, and workplaces, restaurants, bars, have taken place in kansas, michigan, wisconsin, south dakota. while this means that 25 states and the district of columbia now have implemented comprehensive smoke-free laws, it also means that half the country remained unprotected. we especially need to reduce disparities in secondhand smoke protections for young children, loren, americans, blue-collar and service workers who are more heavily exposed. every american deserves a

healthy environment. the second pillar of the plan is to engage the public to change social norms around tobacco use. currently, the u.s. cigarette manufacturers spend $12.5 billion a year. that is $34 million a day on marketing cigarettes to retain and recruit users, increased consumption, and generate favorable attitudes toward tobacco use. in this context, we neediest efforts that accurately convey the negative health effects to the public. in the most recent example, the fda has just proposed a series of new help warnings to appear on the cigarette packages and in advertising. these will be the first new warnings in 25 years. warnings will cover at the 50% of the front and back of every

pack. a couple of graphic images depicting the negative consequences of smoking. nine images are will be coupled with a warning statements and will be required on all cigarette packs in the u.s. starting september 2012. once that happens, every pack of cigarettes in our country will become a hand held billboard that conveys the truth about smoking. the third pillar of the plan calls for the department to lead by example by leveraging its resources. we want to enhance the medicare and medicaid services to provide comprehensive treatments to the fullest extent possible. we want to insure all departments supported health care delivery sites are implementing proven interventions and enhancing health care professionals knowledge of cessation treatments through appropriate

provider training programs. we need to reduce tobacco related disparities through intervention with high-risk populations. we need to do everything we can so that it is as easy to quit as it is to buy a pack of cigarettes. the fourth and last pillar is to advance our knowledge by accelerating research and that is where today's report and the release of the findings is so important. in closing, we hope that this first ever comprehensive strategic action plan, today's report, and many more advances in the future will renew and accelerate national momentum toward addressing the leading cause of preventable death and suffering in our time. we are at a critical crossroads and record to working with you

to end the epidemic and leave a legacy of a healthier nation for future generations. thank you very much. it is my great pleasure to welcome my colleague dr. regina benjamin. >> good morning. i am having microphone issues. thank you for sharing with us the department's tremendous commitment to tobacco control. she really has been out there pushing us into leadership from the top makes a wonderful difference. i would also like to thank dr. elders. all the former surgeon general's

for their work on tobacco both nationally and internationally over the years. the 2010 surgeon general's report is a result of the contribution of 54 experts. i would like to recognize three of the editors were with us today. vice-president of research at kenny and associates -- pitney and associates, dr. patricia richter, ph.d., and dr. jonathan sinnett, director of institute for global help and chairman of the department of preventive medicine. university of southern california. i would like to thank you and

all of your colleagues for all the hard work that you have done. being here today to release this report is very special to me. i have been working publicly on various -- with various partners toward a tobacco free society since i was a medical student. it was a very important part of my tenure. the new today is very special to me -- the new today is special to be in a personal way. when i accepted this position, my mother died of lung cancer from smoking. she started smoking because she was a girl and she was not allowed to smoke and her twin brother did. as an issue was able to, she started to smoke. it took her life. i now watch my uncle, a world war ii veteran and survivor, said tied to an oxygen tank struggling for every breath.

prevention is a foundation and prevention is a foundation of my work as surgeon general. i want to prevent families from suffering the effects of tobacco use, either personally or for their loved ones. this to does intend reports -- this 2010 report is the 30th report since 1964. previous reports have emphasized which diseases are caused by tobacco. this report focuses on how tobacco smoke causes damage to almost every organ in your body. tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7000 chemicals and chemical compounds. inulin these compounds -- inulin these compounds cause immediate damage and long-term damage. this report concludes that the

damage from tobacco smoke is immediate. the chemicals in the tobacco smoke reach your lungs a very quickly everytime you inhale. your blood then carries the these toxicant to every organ in your body. exposure to the tobacco smoke quickly damages the blood vessels throughout the body and make sure blood more likely to clot. the chemicals and the tobacco smoke damage is the delicate lining of your lungs and causes permanent damage. that reduces your lungs ability to exchange care efficiently. that is what causes the chronic obstructive lung disease. many americans have some degree of coronary artery disease and they do not even know it. they have not experienced any of the symptoms. people with heart disease are at risk from second-hand smoke exposure.

even a brief amount of tobacco smoke leads to changes in the blood vessel function and the blood clotting which could lead to heart attack. chemicals in the tobacco smoke causes inflammation and cell damage. bacon also weaken the immune system. your body makes white blood cells to respond to injuries and cancers. the white blood cells count tend to rise and stay high when you continue to smoke. your body is constantly trying to fight is the damage that is being caused by smoking. in the chemical -- the chemicals in the toxicant in tobacco smoke damage to dna. it can lead to cancer, and smoking can weaken your body's ability to fight cancer. with the cancer, even those not related to tobacco smoke, the smoking can decrease the benefits of chemotherapy and other treatments. exposure to tobacco can allow

tumors to grow. smoking makes it harder for diabetics to regulate their blood sugar. that is why smokers and diabetics have a higher risk of kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, and even nerve damage. another area -- another fighting within this report is that tobacco smoke is addicting. cigarettes are designed for addiction. nicotine is the key chemical compound that causes the powerful addictive effects in cigarettes. other -- product design, such as the filtered, flavoring agents, and added chemical ingredients, make nicotine easier to absorb a debt to be delivered more quickly to the brain.

this increases the additive kick and the pleasure that smokers feel great many ingredients are added to reduce the harshness and improve the taste and the consumer appeal. chemical ingredients convert nicotine to a free nicotine. it more quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier. they also have these the adoration holes in the filter. it makes smoke easier to inhale more deeply into your lungs. converting the nicotine to free nicotine that makes it easier to cross the blood-brain barrier. all of these design features work together to enhance the addictive pleasure affect. today's cigarettes deliver nicotine and chemicals much more quickly to the brain.

evidence also suggest that the psychosocial biological genetic factors play a role and nicotine addiction. in adolescence, their bodies are much more sensitive to nicotine. they are more easily addicted that adults. this helps us explain why every day, lest people smoke today than in the past. our efforts have produced tobacco use since the first surgeon general's report. since 2003 our progress has stalled. one in five adults continues to smoke. one in five adolescents smoke. tobacco use remains the leading

cause of preventable death in the united states. it is responsible for more than 440,000 premature deaths each year. the first thing we should do is get everyone to stop smoking. we know that new cigarette is safe. we now have eight national preventive strategy. the evidence shows that as smoking rates decline, the smoking control programs are implemented. for example, california is the home of the longest running state tobacco control program in the country. as a result of that program, long cancer incidents have been declining for times faster in that state than any other in the nation. california has the potential to be the first day in which lung cancer is no longer the leading

cause of cancer death. we know it works. we know that when we increase the price of tobacco, smoking declines. we note that when we enact smoke-free policies, we restrict exposure to second-hand smoke, prompt smokers to quit, and promote healthy decisions. we also know that when we educate the public we inform them of the risks. it encourages tobacco users to uit and prevents uyouth from starting. it is important to talk to your doctor. this is important because we know that patients are advised to quit smoking by their doctors. they have a 66% higher rate of success. i tell my patients, which are

now 300 million americans, to quit smoking. quitting smoking gives or body a chance to heal from the damage caused by smoking -- quitting smoking gives your body a chance to heal from damage caused by smoking. when a smoker quits, the risk of a heart attack drops sharply after one year. the stroke risk false after two to five years. the risk of cancer in the mouth, throat, or esophagus is cut in half after five years. the risk of dying from lung cancer drops to about half in 10 years. it is never too late to quit. the sooner you quit, the better. it often takes several attempts before a smoker is able to quit. we have strategies for

cessation including prescription medication that can make it easier. again, talk to your doctor and we ask you to call 1-800-quit- now for help. the full-report is 700 pages long. it was written for a scientific audience. but it is really important for americans to understand how tobacco can affect every cell in your body. it is written in plain leverage -- in plain language. we have some available copies here for you. you can also download them from our website at surgeon

general.gov. will somebody run the public service announcement? >> the latest research shows that cigarette smoke contains 7000 chemicals that spread through your blood vessels causing inflammation and restricting oxygen. it doubles the risk of heart attack and death. i am the surgeon general. with each cigarette you have to ask yourself, is this the one that will cause a heart attack? call 1-800-quit-now. >> i would like to ask the doctor to join us on the podium. it will open it up for questions or comments from the audience. yes, sir? >> [unintelligible] i work for bluebird radio.

smokers act like they had been living in a cave for 45 years. why do you think what is essentially a chemistry lesson at the heart of this report will make that much of a difference? i would also like to ask the secretary, while the federal government has been putting money into the states, how come a number of states are taking money out of smoking programs to fill holes in the budget? is that frustrating? >> i will start with the first. we know smoking causes a lot of problems, diseases, and cancer. it may be the scientist in us, but i believe it is very important that every american understands what is happening in their body, particularly people who are trying to stop smoking. i have people not trying -- i

had people not understanding why they are trying to quit and cannot. there is a biological reason why it is harder for it but to quit -- for them to quit. they need to know what is happening to them being exposed to second-hand smoke. they do not have to go into that bar or smoky place. it can cause a heart attack right away. just out of curiosity, as an individual i want to know what is happening to my body when i am exposed to these chemicals. >> there is no question states have been cash-strapped and are moving money from one priority to another try to stretch what are limited dollars. we see different kinds of momentum. my home state of kansas, after working for years to pass eight

snow-free all -- smoke-free --l, that will have an enormous impact on second-hand smoke on every citizen in the state. americans are familiar with this information, but in the information age, unless we catch people's attention and make it absolutely clear that smoking is related to dying, we are losing something. the new law that was signed, the ability to regulate tobacco, and the graphics that would be enormously difficult to miss -- if you look at a pack of cigarettes, there are a whole series of endeavors.

i think we need to keep after this until we make a bigger dent in smoking. that is what this campaign is all about. we just talked about 20% in seven years. that is not a good place to be. it is certainly not a good place to be when kids are becoming smokers every day. we have also been some significant money into state quick-lines and to committee projects which, hopefully, will show us the best possible strategies that we can take. hopefully those resources will continue this effort at a time when a lot of states do not have additional money in their budgets and need help finding this lifesaving effort.

it is an effort related to our prosperity. each and every day smokers make us a less prosperous nation. >> we talked about what we know about cancer and lung disease and that sort of thing. we did not know as much about the heart disease -- cardiovascular disease. if you and help one cigarette it affects the lining of the blood vessels. it affects every organ in your body. your blood is more easily clotted. if you have an underlying heart disease and do not know it, when cigarette or exposure to second- hand smoke can cause a heart attack. yes?

>> thank you. i represent a city in minnesota that administrates tobacco- settlement dollars. we report to the judicial branch, not the legislative branch. there has been talk this morning about cigarette use and smoking, but what about other tobacco products and devices? are there programs that address those issues? >> i think this report we are announcing today is specifically focused on cigarettes and their medical impact, but the new center for tobacco regulation is going to look at a whole range of products that involve smoked. we can talk a little bit about -- the timetable will start at

cigarettes, but there is an effort to look at the comprehensive overview. >> we are concerned about tobacco in any way shape or form. there are a number of smokeless products on the market. the role of the fda is very important. we need to protect children against possible addiction. >> do you have a question? >> dr. benjamin, you touched on what doctors should say to their patients that go beyond what they already know. what specifically do you tell your patients to smoke that they do not know? what should doctors be telling their patients?

>> we have developed a one-pager for that reason to talk about things they can discuss. first of all, telling the patient what it does to their body. talking to the patient about the fact that this could cause death. that the smoke itself causes immediate damage. most people do not understand that. we try to educate them on what they can do with the families and with themselves, particularly make their homes smoke-free. they can take control of themselves and their family. depending on the patient's issues, we talk about the changes that are occurring at the cellular and dna level. there are reproductive problems that are caused by the dna

structure and the changes that happen at the cellular culpable -- at the cellular level. children can die of sids that is related to tobacco smoke. kids can have asthma attacks when they are exposed. dear infections and upper respiratory -- ear infections and upper respiratory infections are common. >> there are more cessation services available to smokers than ever before. there are provisions for new health plans to cover cessation and counseling. there'll be new announcements for medicaid. if smokers want to quit, if they want to be smoke-free and do not

know where to go, there is now tremendous support for smokers. >> one of the things we have been successful in doing as part of a comprehensive strategy is making sure that the federal employee benefit plan includes smoking cessation for all federal employees. we want to lead by example. that was an important feature to include in the programs. expansion -- it is one thing to say we should quit smoking, but a lot of people did not have access to the tools they needed, so we made a big step forward in that area. >> patients who smoke, several of them said they want to quit. counseling, cessation programs,

medication. >> american lung association -- i am also the father of a 14- year-old and a 15-year-old girl. >> kids are really smart now. to give them information that they can go after, i would not underestimate how bright kids are. when they are given false information -- make sure they understand the dangers and how quickly they can become addicted, how quickly they can become addicted to this just like any other drug. we suggest they just say a note to cigarettes as well. the fda is starting to make

tobacco products less attractive to teenagers. we actually have another surgeon general's report that is coming out sent on how it affects adolescence and teenagers. we will be addressing a number of those things. they understand that this is a drug, it is not just something that the marketing people have made to be attractive and sexy. it is not. will be showing them pictures of serious consequences. teen-agers in my practice is used to respond to ugly pictures. they do not like to think they will look like that some day. >> for adolescent girls, some of the information about the impact on reproduction, the impact on your potential children in the future -- it is critical to tell them that they start as a 13-

year-old, what kind of tragedy that may cause your child in the future. not only your ability to have a child or ability to have a healthy child, but the kind of harm you may do to that potential baby. a lot of them think they can handle this. smoking is kind of cool. i would just met periodically. as long as they understand the addictive nature, but also the impact that it will have on their body in the future is something they should think about. >> no smokers today started as teenagers. -- most smokers today started as teenagers. >> i am it thrilled about this report. it is amazing. i am as a pediatrician. i would like to know how

pediatricians can work with you in this area. >> pediatricians have long been the carrier of this bucket of water. in your offices, pediatricians have the ability to talk to the kids and their parents. they trust you. they just what you say. your word, when you say it, carries a lot more weight than a media campaign or somebody saying, you should not do this. you have the time to go to it with them and talk about the things that the secretary just mentioned about what will happen in the future. what happens now? what happens when you inhale that tobacco smoke? i think the role of the pediatrician is tremendous. you carry a lot of weight and a lot of trust. thank you for all the work you

have done on working with getting rid of tobacco smoke in teenagers and adolescents. we appreciate that. do we need a microphone? >> i am 8 resident physician. my question is about the consumer list. can you tell me what level of health literacy developed that? what goals were put towards it? why will it be destroyed did to besides the internet portal? >> it is right here. it is pretty plain speech and it is targeted towards the average consumer. lots of pictures, lots of graphics. just to try to explain the scientific information.

it tries to put it in plain, everyday language. it starts with information in languages you can understand. it talks about each one of the things we mentioned. for example, within five years of quitting your chances of cancer in the mouth, esophagus, and bladder or reduced. it is available. as far as development, the dog was want to mention it? >> i take it goes back to the 2004 report. i think the challenge was taking 700 pages and turning it into something that everyone can understand. i think that has been done. dr. benjamin and her team contributed very affectively to

getting the word out. there is something in this book for every point on the life span. there is something here that everybody needs to know and pay attention to. >> dr. benjamin, in light of this report, what advice has he given or would you give to the president says he has admitted to having trouble kicking the habit completely? >> i give them the same advice i give any patient, to try their best to quit smoking. the president has been trying very hard. just like every other american, this is a disease and a product that is addicting. when we talk about the addictive behavior, now we understand why it is hard to quit. i tell patients not to give up or be discouraged. it could take a number of times

to try to quit. do not get discouraged when you do not quit the first time. just keep going. there are a number of products out there. there are medications. there is counseling. there are a number of nicotine products -- nicotine replacement products that are really helpful. we now have a medication that has been approved by the fda to treat it. >> we have time for one more question. >> hello, dr. benjamin. i am with nbc news. can you tell me what this report shows about the science of menthol and what it does to the

body? >> this report did not addressed and fall. that is one of the things we did not go into. the additives were not addressed in this particular report. the fda and other places will start to look at it. my mother smoked menthol cigarettes. the want to mention anything? -- do you want to mention any think? >> i am with the national alliance for hispanic health. will the consumer report be available for -- in spanish or other languages? will there be a fact sheet available? >> this is going to be ongoing.

we are possibly going to be giving out more and more information. 700 pages is a lot of information to get out. we will certainly put these in spanish and other languages that consumers can access to make it easier. we are open to your suggestions if you have suggestions on how we can get the message out to everyone. do you want to comment on the menthol? any other comments from either of you before we call this to a close? thank you for coming and for helping us get the information out about tobacco smoke and encouraging everyone to stop smoking. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national

cable satellite corp. 2010] >> in a few moments, the national transportation safety board for some on keeping children safe while flying. in about 2.5 hours, president obama on new goals to expand trade. after that, more about trade issues from the head of boeing. after that, u.s. and europe security cooperation. >> we will have a discussion on the history of the federal reserve with paul volcker.

that is live on c-span3 at 9:00 a.m. eastern. on c-span, hillary clinton will speak on u.s.-israeli relations at the brookings institution. that is live at 8:00 p.m. eastern. >> find great holiday guests at our c-span store. books, dvds, mugs, umbrellas and more. c-span.org/shop. >> children under two do not have to be restrained in a car seat while flying. it is recommended that they do so during the holidays. this is a conference on the child safety issue. you hear officials from the faa, airline trade association, unions, and advocacy groups on how best to keep children safe

while flying. >> we convene a forum on child passenger safety in the air and in automobiles. this kicks off a yearlong effort to promote child safety across all modes of transportation. before we began, i would like to recognize at the accident survivors and family members who may be watching. many of you, like jan brown, had been directly involved in accidents where children had been killed or injured. you have been some of the strongest advocates for improved

transportation safety for our young guest passengers. we are grateful for your continuous support. also in our audience today is someone who has been a leading advocate for child restraints in europe. he attended our forum on child restraints in aviation in 1999. we welcome him back. would you like to stand up? thank you. as many of you know, the safety board investigates the problems of major accidents and issues recommendations to make travel safer. we also examined safety issues by bringing together leading experts to identify safety risks and solve problems even when they are not tied to specific accident. we gather today at a time when our skies and our roots are

safer for all travelers, including our smallest passengers. 35 years ago when i was a child, nearly 1400 children aged 12 and younger died. last year, that number had fallen to 750 -- a decrease of 50% in one generation. these gains have been achieved in large part because individuals and organizations around the nation, including some represented here today, worked diligently to change the culture of child-passenger safety and the culture around child protection has changed. we can all recall an environment that looked very different. i remember writing in our family's station wagon a generation ago where my little

sister's favorite spot was on the armrest in the front seat. she was not restrained by a seat belt or a car seat. she could see better from where she was sitting. today, americans install their first car seat before their children are even born. they have never known any other way to ride in a car. these anecdotal examples of cultural shifts and highway safety -- in highway safety are reflected in several concrete policy changes. every state has a law that requires children under the age of four to be transported in child-safety seats. pediatricians and nurses in maternity wards across the country counsel parents and caregivers about the importance of child seats before they take their baby home. community organizations

distribute free or low-cost of child seats at fire stations and a baby superstores. education campaigns are successfully reaching parents and caregivers. yet even with this progress, a vehicle crashes are still the number-one cause of death for children in the united states. of the 750 children that are killed in car crashes last year, more than 40% were not using a child's seat where a seat belt. many of these deaths were preventable. we can and must do better for our children. the safety board has long advocated child safety in automobiles. we have issued more than 20 recommendations suggesting child-passenger safety. 12 of those recommendations have been on our most wanted list of

improvements. the board has seen the benefit of child seats in its accident investigations as recently as march when a 15-passenger van was hit by a tractor-trailer in kentucky. although the advance experienced very severe crash forces with significant intrusion into the passenger compartment, the only two survivors were children in safety seats who sustained only minor injuries. our work is not limited to highway safety. the safety board has issued 14 recommendations on child-safety in aviation. among them is a recommendation for the faa to require restraint used for all occupants of airplanes, including infants and small children. while the faa guidance notes that a child younger than two is safer in a restraint-system

then on and adult's lap, disinformation, unfortunately, is only a suggestion and not a requirement. yet we see it regularly when we travel. parents putting their children in child-safety seats when they drive to the airport and checking the car seat like their luggage and then holding their child in their lap during the flight even when everyone else on the plane is required to be buckled in. wants to their destination, they pick up their seat at the baggage claim and a secure their child again on the trip from the airport. the laws of physics do not change whether you are on an airplane or an automobile. we know that no parent would intentional put their child in a less safe position than they would put themselves in. if we are so careful to stress our children into car seats when

we drive to the airport, why are we not as diligent in requiring them to be secured in their own seat on an airplane? how many times have you seen car seats on the baggage carousel? our recommendation to the faa regarding restraint used dates back to 1970. our focus today, however, is not to engage in a statistical stalemate about diversion. rather, we are here to inform and educate those who travel with children about the safest way to transport their most precious cargo. children cannot make decisions themselves. they are relying on adults to know what is best and to do what is right. to bring about a cultural shift in how we look at child safety, we must remain consistent in our attitudes regarding the use of safety equipment whether we are

flying or driving on the interstate. the main focus of our form is closing that education gap so that securing our children in proper restraints is what we do each and every time. as part of that education, we have displays and is a big step -- we have displays and exhibits showing approved devices and how to properly restrain a child. i encourage you to visit those displaced during the break. we think the organizations and companies here with us today. today he would hear from experts on four panels. this morning we will focus on the safety of children in aviation and this afternoon we will transition to child- passenger safety on our highways. will conclude the form with a look at positive steps moving forward. safety is our priority.

in case of an emergency, please note the nearest emergency exit. there are three exits here -- the rear door you use to enter the conference center, and two emergency doors on the side in the front. if you have not done so, please sign your electronic devices. if you have a laptop, you can connect to our connection. today's agenda and speakers biographical information is available in the atrium and posted on our website. within the next several days, presentations provided by our speakers will be posted on our website. the video archive of the form can also be accessed in the next several months. for those who are attending in person who are safety technicians, you may attend the

forum. please make sure you signed in on the signup sheet out front. i would like to turn your attention to the monitors as we did you a video on the importance of appropriate -- as we ebut a video on the importance of proper restraint for children. >> welcome aboard, ladies and gentlemen. please make sure your seat belt is fastened. to release the belt, lift the top of the buckle. for your safety, remained seated with your seat belt securely fastened. please keep your seat belt on whenever you are seated in case we experience turbulence. greece -- please bring your seat to the upright position and make sure your belongings are properly stowed.

have you thought about the child on your lap. your baby could substantially shift during flight in case of turbulence. he or she could be thrown several rows away from your seat due to your failure to provide a proper seat restraint system. >> that concludes our safety demonstration. we would like to invite you to sit back, relax, enjoy the flight. >> most parents drive to the airport with their child in a safety seat. the laws of physics do not change when you get on an airplane. why would you not want the child to have the same level of protection on the airplane that they have in the car? we have investigated accidents where the board concluded that the recent the child survived the accident is because they were in a child safety seat. many parents think they can hold a child on their laps. we have been looking at these issues since the 1970's.

we know that children on a lap or at great -- are at great risk during turbulence or an accident. we want children to be off the lap and in a restraint. it is recommended that children travel in child restraint systems, but it does not required. we know parents want to do what is best for their children, that is why we made the recommendations. you want your baby to get the best protection they can. you protect them in every other way. why does it become less important to protect them on an airplane? i have been in the aviation safety business for 40 years. i have seen parents who have lost children in an accident. the most devastating interview i

ever had this a mother who said she was told she could hold her child on her lap. in -- as a parent, you never want to be in that situation. >> recalculating. a child under 4 feet 9 inches should be sitting in her own seat. also, your car seat is unstable. it appears you did not take the time to have it checked. both of your kids are at great risk for personal injury in the event of a crash. when possible, head to the nearest shopping center to purchase a booster seat for your child. recalculating.

>> the safety board has studied the safety of children in cars extensively including over 100 accident investigations. the best thing parents can do is make sure their children are in an age-appropriate restraint. the youngest children need to be in a rear-facing seat. next would come a booster seat which uses the vehicle's shoulder belt. the seat belt is designed for an adult. when you are -- when they are born, you put them in a product especially made for them. it does not stop when they are older. they need to be in a booster seat. i know it can be confusing. there are resources available to if you need the

help. i have seen cases where children were ejected or seriously injured or killed because they were not in a proper restraint. somebody you do not know, one second and things changed forever. you can prevent it by doing something as simple as getting a car seat, making sure it is installed right, and making sure your child uses it every trip. i talked to parents and interview them. they want to know why or what they could have changed to prevent this horrible outcome. i think by helping parents realize that keeping their kids safe in cars in proper restraints, that conversation will never have to take place. i will not have to go to an accident and have been asked me, "why?" >> simple precautions can

sometimes mean the difference between life and death. should your child not be just as protected as you are? >> our first panel will be led by ms. laura marshall. she is in the office of aviation safety. our panel will discuss research, rules, guidance, passenger education, and issues related to lap children and child restraints on air carriers and general aviation aircraft. please proceed. >> thank you, chairman harrison.

i am joined by the quality assurance division and someone from the office of research and engineering. our first presenter will be from the faa's medical institute and research team. we thank him for coming to visit us from oklahoma. please began your presentation. -- please begin your presentation. >> i would like to thank the board for inviting me today. we continue a longstanding collaboration on a variety of safety issues. i appreciate the opportunity to share the child safety research with you and the public. for several years, the faa has encouraged parents to use child restraints when traveling by

air. it is the best way to ensure child safety during turbulence or an emergency. at this time, the choice of whether to use a child restraint is up to the parents. the reason the faa so strongly encourages child restraint used is that some of the seating options for children do not provide the highest level of safety possible. flat help children and children secured in their seat with a seat belts are our concern. while holding a child under two on the lap is allowed, there is a risk of serious injury in the unlikely event of severe turbulence for a crash landing. the person holding the child cannot react fast enough to counter an unanticipated and suddenly applied load as it occurs during turbulence.

they also do not have enough strength during the extreme conditions during a crash landing. to study child safety on aircraft, we have simulated crash landings. the tests shown up here simulates an impact that a significant for deceleration. -- significant forward deceleration. the lap-held a child moves straight forward, hitting the seat back. in an actual crash where the aircraft would be bouncing, there is a good chance the child would be ejected from the seat. in some countries, lap-help children or attached to the adult seat belt with a loop of wedding are wrapped around their

midsection. this is sometimes referred to as a belly-belt. however, this kind of restraint provides no protection during a crash landing. performance is evaluated during a test using a forward-facing impact. in this test, the adult and the child translate forward together, then fold over and strike the seat back. the adult continues to fall forward onto the child who is trapped between the adult and the seat back. systems, commonly referred to as a baby-slangs, are allowed during the cruise portion of a flight. they may be used to restrain the lap-old child during turbulence,

however, they are not allowed during takeoff and landing. like the belly-belt and other similar devices, they provide no real protection during a crash landing. another reason baby-slings are permitted during takeoffs and landings -- are not permitted to during takeoffs and landings, a child restraint in one is not much safer than being unrestrained during a crash landing. in this test, the strap-buckle failed during a low impact, completely ejecting the child. children of any age are permitted to occupy a passenger

seat, being secured with just the lap-belt. that can provide restrained during turbulence, however, without shoulder straps, these children are at an increased risk for injury during a crash landing. during forward impact, a person restraint which is a lap-belt folds forward around the belt. in smaller children, attention produced in the neck due to this of weeping effect can call spinal cord injuries. children about the height of a three-year old test dummy used in this test are at risk for head injuries. they can easily strike be rigid frame just under the front of their seat. one way to provide the highest level of safety for your child using an automotive child

restraint -- they also have been approved for aircraft. carriers for small children have a protective shell that distributes the crash forces evenly and prevents the child from contacting surrounding objects. forward-facing child restraints are designed to limit the child's forward movement. it is often possible to prevent had contact with the seat in front. it significantly reduces the chance of a head injury. in this test, the child restraint is coupled to the aircraft seat. the child's excursion is short enough to prevent impact with the seat in front. it is not to say that using an

automotive child restraint in an aircraft is a perfect solution. aircraft seats differ from automobile seats that could restrained performance. one important factor is the location of the anchor. the video shown earlier patent belt anchors estate similar location as an automobile. the seat in this video has built tankers further forward. these are found on some airplane seats. it is this that is causing the excessive and excursion. the good news is that airlines are gradually replacing these older seats that had the poor interfaced with newer ones that have an interface similar to the one in the first video.

a frustrating problem that parents can sometimes face is that the larger child restraints do not fit in all airplanes. during preboarding is not the best time to find this out. if a child restraint is less than 16 inches wide, it should fit in nearly all transport seats. ensuring that there is enough room to accommodate a child restraint is a more complex issue. there is not enough space available to place ann aft- facing restraint. it is based on the shape of a typical seat back in a 30 inch area. the space in between the rows,

not the distance between the seat back and the seat behind it. if the actual route-pitch is known, this relationship could be used to determine the maximum length of child restraints that could fit on any aircraft. since the aft-facing restraints are longer so they could safely accommodate larger children, this is likely to be an issue. some good news for traveling families is that the faa has directed the airlines to make every effort to accommodate child restraints that are brought on board. this includes moving to a wider seat for a seat with more room between at rows or the front row. that is often a good choice because of the extra ram that is always there. -- the extra room that is always

there. aircraft do not have the latching points that cars have. since the child restraints were not designed to accommodate an aircraft style belt, the buckle can sometimes interfere with the child restraint shell. in general, with a little practice and patience, most child restraints can be successfully installed. if you want to see how atypical installation goes, the faa has just posted a video on our website showing the steps for installing a four-facing child restraint in an aircraft passenger seat. because of the concerns about performance of automotive child restraints when used in aircraft, the faa worked to

develop a safety standards specifically for aircraft child restraint systems. meeting the standard would ensure that the child restraint would fit and perform well in any transport aircraft seat. to achieve this goal, the standard required the test parameters be more representative of a transport aircraft seat installation. the faa also issued a tfo that revises the operating rules to allow airlines were passengers to fly and use the approved devices. so far, this standard has proven to be technically challenging. while there are some models under available -- under development, they have not been issued to the tfo yet.

it specifically addresses systems that incorporate a protective shell. to properly evaluate these innovative -- the faa developed and approval process that requires any proposed device demonstrate an equivalent level of safety to tso c-100s. the shares that at the upper torso restraints to the lap belt has been approved using this procedure. i want to thank you for your attention. i hope this presentation provided some information parents can use the next time they are flying with their children. >> thank you. our next presenter is from the f a a's flight-standard service. she has been the team lead on it

will making project regarding the use of child restraint systems on aircraft. she has developed the guidance documents associated with those regulations. thank you for attending today. you may begin your presentation. >> thank you. first, i would like to thank you and the members of the board. >> if you could pull up that microphone just a little bit. >> thank you. i would like to thank you and the members of the board. it is a great opportunity to present information to you and the board for using child restraint systems on aircraft. the faa and the ntsb agree that the safest place for a child on an aircraft is in a child restraint system. the fda continues to do everything we can to encourage

the use of child restraints on aircraft. we make recommendations, conduct outreach and education programs to inform parents and guardians of small children about the information they need to facilitate, and courage, and increase the use of child restraints on airplanes. however, the faa does not require a child restraint for children under two. we believe requiring this would significantly increase the price of travel for a small targeted population of families. the extra cost of that seat may divert a small percentage of families to the highways, which is the mode of travel that has the greatest chance for fatality or an accident. or an accident.