talking about what congress needs to get down on their legislative calendar. that may have a roundtable discussion with tim fernholz and philip klein discussion and the week's events. we will also have a foreign policy analyst with the u.s. institute of peace, robin wright, talking about iran. then we will wrap up with darren samuelsohn from politico. we will we talking about the climate change talks in mexico. we want to remind our viewers and listeners that we have coverage beginning at 1:00 p.m. here on c-span and the funeral service for elizabeth edwards. the services will be held in raleigh, north carolina. for more information, you can log onto our website. thank you for watching this edition of "washington journal."

we will see you tomorrow at 7:00 a.m. eastern. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] >> today on c-span, president obama talks about the economy, taxes, and promoting u.s. exports. he is followed by the boeing ceo. then a house discussion on increase in reimbursements for medicare and medicaid providers. the surgeon general issues a new report on the health risk of tobacco use. now, from thursday, president

obama. >> welcome. >> everybody have a seat. good morning, everybody. thank you for coming together to help us figure out how we are going to sell a lot of stuff all around the world. i want to thank secretary locke, members of congress who are here, and i want to thank the chair and buys-chair of the chairs of = -- vice- the council on exports. everyone here is dedicated to promoting posturing a strong middle class and extending opportunity for all in the workforce. as we meet here, there is an

important debate on capitol hill that will determine whether our economy moves forward or backwards. the bipartisan framework we have forced on taxes will not only protect working americans from seeing a major tax increase on january 1, it will provide businesses with incentives to invest, grow, and higher. every economist i have talked to our i have read over the last couple of days' acknowledges that this will boost economic growth over the coming years and create millions of jobs. the average american family will start 2011 with more money to pay tuition, more money to raise their children. but if this framework fails, the reverse is true. americans will see it in smaller

paychecks that would have the effect of fewer jobs. as we meet here today to talk about what important facet of our economic strategy of the future, i urge members of congress to move forward on this essential priority. the top priority of my administration since i took office has been to get the american people back on their feet and back on the job in the aftermath of the most devastating recession in our lifetime. that is job number one. as i said on monday, we have to ask ourselves how we position our economy to be strong, growing, and competitive in the long run. one strategy will help us do both create new jobs and create new markets for jobs to borrow as we increase our exports to the rest of the world. that is why in my state of the union address i set a goal for america. we will double exports for goods

and services over five years. i lost this council because i value your advice in terms of how we best achieve that goal. what we all agree on is we have to build our economy on a new and stronger foundation for growth. we have to get back to what america has always been known for doing, that is making good products and selling them around the world. the world wants products made in america. we have workers ready to make them. exporting is good for our economy. the more our companies export, the more they produce. the more they produce, the more workers they hire. the $1 billion we increase in exports supports more than 5000 jobs. companies that export often pay better wages. at a time when jobs are in short

supply, grow in our export markets is an imperative. grow when our exports today will create the jobs of tomorrow. 95% of the world postal customers are beyond our borders. -- the world's customers are beyond our borders. other nations are competing aggressively. as long as i am president of the united states, we will fight for every job, every industry, every market everywhere. we intend to win. that is why i set this goal. we are on track to meet it. exports are up 80% so far over the next year. i would -- over 18% so far over next year. earlier this year, i lost the national export initiative to marshal the full resources of

the federal government around america's businesses to help them sell their goods, services, and ideas to the rest of the world. one of the things i pledged to do was to move forward on a new trade agreements with some of our key partners. i promised to do it in a way that secures a level playing field without compromising our most cherished values. that is why i am so please that the united states and south korea reached an agreement on a landmark trade deal last week. we expect this deal to boost annual exports of american goods by up to $11 billion. this agreement, including the opening of the korean services market, will support more than 70,000 american jobs. i hope to finalize this agreement --i hope to finalize this agreement when i traveled

to korea last month. but it was not yet good enough for our workers and our economy. as much as i believe looking out for american workers requires a global marketplace, i also believe that as we compete in the global marketplace, we have to look out for american workers. i said let's take the time to get this right and we did. it is a deal that is good for our workers, our businesses, our farmers, our ranchers, our electronics manufacturers. american truck manufacturers will have more access to korean markets. it will continue to ensure a level playing field for our auto makers. it is also good for our friend and ally, south korea. they will grow their economy, grow their markets, and get

american products that will be more affordable for korean households and businesses. that means more choices for them and more jobs for us. and it is good for american leadership. as i have assisted all along, the deal that we struck includes strong protection for workers rights and environmental standards. i believe it is a model for future trade agreements that i will pursue. it is an agreement supported by members of congress on both sides of the aisle and americans on all sides of the political spectrum from the uaw to the chambers of congress. i look forward to working with congress and leaders of both parties to approve it. if there is one thing we should agree on, it is creating jobs and opportunity for the american people. the other thing we said we would do is to be a stronger advocate for businesses abroad. this is an effort i pledge to lead personally. that is why on the same trap where i worked to get the korean

deal done, i visited india and took the opportunity to sell our exports to one of the fastest- growing markets in the world. while i was there, we reached several deals from jets to mining equipment. the deals are worth $10 billion in exports and will support more than 50,000 american jobs. strong economic partnerships can protect -- can create prosperity at home. we are deepening our economic cooperation with russia from aerospace to agriculture, including restarting american poultry exports earlier this year, which was an important victory for many american farmers. i believe russia belongs in the wto. the russian president is moving russia forward on a host of issues. i told him the united states

would be a partner with him in that effort. welcoming russia into the wto would be good for them, good for us, and good for the global economy. finally, we have been working to reform our export we troll -- export control system so that american firms that make products with national security implications can stay competitive as we protect our national security interests. when this council met in september, some of you asked if we would make it easier for businesses to participate in these reform efforts. today i am pleased to announce we are publishing a set of guidelines for what products should be controlled going forward and the licensing policy that would apply to them. we have applied those policies to one category's products. in that category, about 3/4 products will be shifted to a more flexible list.

many are expected to fall off of the list altogether. we want input from businesses, congress, and our allies as we complete this report. i am also on building a export control reform web page. -- an export reform control web page. the process is repetitive, redundant, an onerous for small businesses without the means to navigate it all. we are changing that. businesses can, for the first time, go to export.gov and download a list of entities that have special export requirements. that is the work we have been doing to double our exports, to

open new markets, and level the playing field for businesses. all with the overarching purpose of growing and stressing the american -- going and spending the american economy. i am grateful to all of you for being here. while those around this table may not always agree on y issue, what kinds -- binds us together is what to see our businesses grow, we want to see our witnesses -- our workers succeed and we want to stay on track for the 21st century. thank you, everybody. you guys are going to strike this podium so i can sit down and listen. thank you. [applause]

>> there are reports that the house is not going to take up the tax deal. we would like your reaction. >> i have not heard that. some of the reports indicate that as more members here -- the provisions that the president was successful in getting them on board for this agreement, there are more members who are

supportive. they realize this will help american companies grow and hire more people. the reduction in the payroll tax actually means substantially more money in the pockets of americans, above and beyond the continuation of the tax cuts. if you look at the analysis by income levels, it is substantially a lot more money that middle americans will have in their pockets. >> if they did not take it up, would that be a setback? >> absolutely. this tax agreement will help continue the recovery. it is vital to continue the recovery. we will invest a lot more money with this proposal. i also think that for retail sales to continue, this payroll

tax rebate is something that will be helpful to the consumer next year. it will be a major setback if we do not take it up and approve it next year. >> i have to second that. the temporary extension of the tax credits and the payroll exemption are examples of the required progress we need to grow jobs and give us a little certainty about how the near term will look. it would be disappointed if it did not pass. >> all of the economists around the country are in strong consensus that this agreement, with all of the measures in it, from the expensing provisions to the reduction in payroll taxes, to the continuation of some of the tax credits for working families whether it is for college tuition and so forth, will create millions of new jobs

in the next year and here in the half. that is important in such a critical -- and such a critical priority for the american people. >> in london, student riots over higher tuition. politician ebay -- politicians the day the debt crisis. "q & a has interviews from london. "q & a" this weekend at 8:00 p.m. on c-span. >> middle and high school students, as you work on a documentary for the c-span studentcam competition, a few things to think about. >> i want to see you and your personality and things that make your video stand out from all of the rest.

>> what i want to see is a real investment and care in topics you will tell us about. be sure to be interested in what you are telling us. if you are not -- if you are not interested, chances are we will not be either. i am looking for videos where people have look at the c- span.org content and have said, what elements of c-span video and makes sense for the story they are about to tell? >> for information on how to upload your video, go to c- span.org by o. >> this is an american enterprise forum about increasing exports. it is 40 minutes.

>> welcome to the american enterprise institute. we are delighted to welcome you to our conference. can the united states doubled exports by 2015? this is featuring a distinguished panel and a key addressed by the president in ceo of the boeing corporation. i grew up in seattle, washington. when i was a kid in the 1970's in seattle, it was a company town. bowling is responsible for the success and the growth of culture of many of the institutions i enjoyed as a kid. while now boeing is headquartered in chicago, people in seattle still feel the way i do. i am particularly delighted to have gotten to know jim

mcnerney over the past year and to have him here at aie. it is a great honor for us to hear his remarks. boeing is a $68 billion aerospace corporation. jim has been running boeing as ceo since 2005. he has a senate career as executive and a number of fortune 50 firms, including procter and gamble, general electric, and 3m. he has been recently appointed to the president's export council. this is a very important position that helped the united states craft policy around expanding exports in the united states and identifying challenges around the world. he has a unique perspective, both as chief executive of one of america's most important companies and as serving the president united states in trade and export policy and such that we can figure out the policies that will move our country forward and protect our system

of globalized free trade and democratic capitalism. i turn over the microphone to jim mcnerney. [applause] >> it is a pleasure to be here to kick off what i hope will be a continuing dialogue about how they business community, the newly elected congress, and the obama administration can work together to keep our nation strong an increasingly competitive on a global scale. arthur, thank you for the invitation and again for the warm introduction. i appreciate it, and most importantly for your leadership at aie.

from its beginnings in new york back in 1938, this organization has been a critically important voice for the value of free enterprise. you're helping carry that mantle into the 21st century. today's for monterey and the national export initiative is a prime example. -- prime example of the important role that aie plays in national issues. it is difficult to find a more timely and relevant public policy body to spotlight. we also thank -- let me also thank the panelists, who we will hear from shirley. you really are part of the solution. so thank you very much for participating. to begin, there is little

question that one of the messages from last month's election is that people all over america are deeply concerned about the economy, particularly the jobs situation and the financial uncertainty that they directly affect them. lots of people do not care whether the solutions or democratic or republican ideas. they just want leaders who will come together to find solutions that work. i believe there are many areas for common ground or at least should exist when it comes to an economic solution. there's no question that hard work and careful consideration of a vast number of ideas from the spectrum are required. hopefully, the agreement reached monday on individual and corporate tax rates will serve as the first of more examples of that. my main theme this afternoon

centers around u.s. competitiveness. what we need in this nation right now is economic growth and job creation. but sustaining that overtime forces us to think about the globals long term - competitiveness. competition will get much tougher because we are now operating in a true global marketplace. rising incomes and rising standards of living and education around the world have created billions of potential new customers for u.s. goods and services. i will come -- it is a welcome opportunity for growth, to be sure. it has also given rise to aggressive new competitors seeking to further that -- to further their place in the world. it is not only for customers, but ideas, power, technology,

and capital. in essence, winning at home, in terms of creating jobs and growing our economy, now means winning abroad on all those points. that raises the bar in many ways for u.s. companies and u.s. workers. ultimately, i believe that increasing competition is a good thing. i also believe that the innovation and productivity of american businesses and the american worker will continue to be the keys to our growth and our prosperity. but sustaining these historic competitive advantages in a global market place under difficult economic circumstances compels us to take action to strengthen the system that supports them both. earlier this year, doubted the obama administration was missing some important opportunities for real progress along these lines. however, today, i would tell you that i believe the a

demonstration has noticeably advance the discussion, particularly when it comes to the importance of strengthening the u.s. export engine. evidence of this shift can be found in president obama's reconstituting of the council -- the president's export council and his personal engagement in the work and on issues such as commercial diplomacy for business outreach. let me add as an aside that the producers to create the kebabs our economies of esplanades, to feel that they're part of the solution is necessary rather than vestiges of the problem. words and deeds send important signals. more of the right ones are beginning to be sent. i know my peers and colleagues will react favorably to

receiving those signals with even greater regularity in the days ahead. turning back to exports, as was mentioned, i do have the privilege of sharing the president's export council and the private and public sector members who comprise it. our purpose is to develop recommendations to expand export and drive job growth. we aim to directly support the president's goal to double exports in five years. this is an ambitious goal to be sure. if we can clear the way for u.s. businesses to do what they naturally do best, which is to compete, i think it is achievable. u.s. exports totalled over 1.5 trillion last year, which is down to 1.7 million last year.

about 10 million jews jobs are tied to them. manufacturing companies like boeing account for about one trillion of our annual exports and support millions of direct and many multiples of that in the case of indirect jobs across the economy. with the vast majority of world consumers living outside the united states, the magnitude of our export of opportunity is limited only by our failure to pursue it. as many of you know, this morning, we held the second formal meeting of the afore mentioned export council where we reported on the progress of our initial recommendations from this past november, which i will come back to in a second. we also approved a second set of recommendations that we estimate can add well over an additional $100 billion more into our

experexport outlook. we also addressed the inadequate detection and enforcement of intellectual copyrights of may u.s. manufacturers in foreign markets. a recent economic study estimated that piracy of music, movies, business software, video games, and the like cost our economy more than 370,000 jobs. overseas piracy is clearly a major contributor to these job losses and must be curtailed by strong and sustained action. other recommendations for did this morning included reforming the corporate tax system, improving data collection and data sharing to accommodate adequately for the value of our

u.s. services and actively support russia's ascension to the wto to help with what is now the world's 12th largest economy. we also have robust discussion about how we might gauge more small and medium-sized businesses in exporting. today, only 1% or close to 300,000 of those businesses export for a total of two of those nine -- busines businesses export for the total in 2009. returning to the council's first meeting in september, we presented four recommendations that we estimated to be worth as much as $250 billion in positive export impact over the next two

years. we're working hard on $350 billion framed by the 1.5 total export. above them, we are expanding free trade agreements. there has been a lot of progress since that meeting. promoting tourism to the u.s., a huge unaddressed opportunity that we make difficult with some of our immigration and visa requirements. and retraining iraq and afghanistan war veterans. there's no question that a lot more work needs to be done and we need the help of groups like the aei to continue advancing these recommendations.

to me, trade is a good example of a policy where there is no reason that business leaders and government leaders cannot join together for mutual benefit. opening up new trading markets for u.s. goods and services will make a big impact here in america. i am certain you already know this. i'm not sure that a lot of people understand that the fda normalize trade relations and allowed the u.s. to get into new markets while our partners already have access to our markets. they also leveled the playing field for trade competitors who are from europe or other places who already have trade agreements in place. inaction only hurts us. we used to lead in this area. now we are catching up against people we compete with.

for example, the united states had a manufactured goods surplus with this trade partners of 21 billion in 2008, 26 billion in 2009, and we are running a third surplus in 2010. our deficit is with non-fda countries. fda is part of the solution, not part of the problem. south korea is an example. u.s. officials estimate that our nation exports to korea will grow yearly by $11 billion. and thousands of u.s. jobs will be created because of this agreement. it will eliminate a big competitive disadvantage for u.s. workers by removing the current tariff on 11% applied to u.s. exports. it will benefit many of our trade competitors with korea.

the administration should be saluted for all the effort is putting into achieving this agreement. it is a significant accomplishment. again, i hope groups like this one will join with the business community in urging congress to ratify quickly. it is also important that we seize this moment, now that we have a template that represents the coming together of labor business -- labor, business, and government in panama and colombia. up-and-coming trade competitors are aggressively seeking agreements for the benefit of their workers and their economies. as a result, the united states, who was once ahead in providing a competitive advantage to its workers, remains at risk of falling behind if we do not act. we simply cannot allow that to happen.

another area we need to give top level ascension and one where progress is already being made is reform of our export control system and the technology release process at the department of defense. as we staring to the reality of a potentially declining dod budget, international defense sales will be increasingly important for sustaining jobs here at home. a good example of that trend is a proposed multi-billion dollar package to saudi arabia. the administration recently notified congress of this package which will not only bolster the defense needs of a key ally in the region, but will also sustained more than 70,000 jobs. there will be even more jobs with u.s. contractors involved

in the package. it is vital, as we move forward, that we have an export control system that is as effective -- that is totally effective, but efficient. the administration's reform efforts are aimed at achieving that goal. they are aimed at efforts that will protect biotechnologies and streamlining the overall outcome. a lot of credit goes to secretary gates for his leadership on the issue. he sees the important role that an effective and efficient system has on enabling inoperability with key allies and supporting coalition efforts. in this regard, the recent ratification of the u.s.- australia agreement helps. much more remains to be done in this area, particularly in the dual-use area, which gets to

areas on the commercial side. much more needs to be done on this area to accomplish the administration's objective of a single agency, a single i.t. system, and a single enforcement process. my point here is that, as we talk about this, this is an important operational and administration part of the public that will require continued attention. i lost my life here. i can still read it. i am good. [laughter] it said "'s." [laughter] -- it said "pause." [laughter] this is not about turning inward and becoming a protectionist. it is about ensuring a level playing field for all competitors. it will not come as a surprise to many of you that i would highlight here the current case before the world trade

organization regarding european government subsidies for the airbus. that is boeing's sole competitor in the commercial aircraft market. the wto issued a final ruling on the case that confirmed what we have maintained for very long time. without billions in illegal subsidies over the years, airbus would not have the product or market share it has today. and the u.s. aerospace industry lost billions of dollars in exports which accounts for tens of thousands of jobs as a result. specifically, the wto found that airbus received about $20 billion in illegal subsidies, including $15 billion in new launch aid across every aircraft model in his suite. that includes the a 330 family, which is the basis in the u.s. air force competition.

launch aid is funded by european governments and turns far below what is commercial barring. it includes success and independent repayment terms. outstanding debt has been forgiven. claims in a european countersuit alleging $23 billion of subsidies to boeing from the u.s. defense department and nasa appear to have been largely dismissed in a confidential interim ruling. the most pernicious form of subsidy, the aforementioned launch aid, has money and been alleged. launch aid offers airbus a significant cost advantage that

we have argued should be taken into account in the air force tanker competition. this time, however, they have refused to factor the subsidies into their evaluation process, which seems like a clear contradiction to the successful efforts of yet another arm of the u.s. government, the u.s. trade differs -- the u.s. trade representative, to level the playing field for u.s. workers. other nations will cite -- with sites on the aerospace industry are watching with great interest. the final rulings in these cases will set a precedent that reaches far beyond boeing and airbus, beyond the u.s., and beyond that you. companies like ours can compete very effectively against any other company. but we should not have to

compete against the the treasury's of other countries. another important element of our trade and export policy, one that has also been controversial among some in congress is the bank. xm is not controversial at all. first, it returned $135 million to u.s. treasury last year alone as it usually does. second, it helps u.s. companies increased sales and export by supporting customers who might not have the credit rating to borrow on the commercial market. third, xm, like other credit agencies around the world delivered extraordinary support by not allowing a recent -- there is a credit crisis to spill over into a relatively healthy industries like aerospace, for example. in the case of the u.s., dxm bank supported real demand for

aircraft. it helped ensure that commercial aviation could weather the storm, rather than be paralyzed by external circumstances. xm also had a number of other u.s. companies extend their reach in important fields, such as energy production and recycling. in fiscal year 2010, this help included $5 billion for small export financing, which is a record reflected in the priorities of the council and the administration. under chairman and president fred hotspur, they have made it a priority for small and medium- sized enterprises, which employ about 50% of u.s. workers and only account for about 30% of u.s. exports. the continued out reached to small business, including encouraging their participation in exporting and providing tools

to become successful exporters, they're sure to be successful even more. this is a program that works and helps the u.s. economy. xm the schedule for reauthorization next year. as part of that process, we need to work with new and returning members of congress to clearly articulate the substantial benefit xm brings to our country. again, i believe aei can play an important role in that. with the upcoming congress and the tough budget choices they will face in mind, i want to highlight these notes. fundamental challenges to u.s.. first, a shrinking u.s. defense industrial base and, second, and

even faster shrinking pool of u.s. workers who have skills in the problem-solving fields of science, technology, engineering, and math. the defense industrial base, historically, has been one of the united states greatest strategic assets. yet, for the first time in a century, there is no u.s. team actively working on a major new deal in the airplane development program. in addition, there is no active rotorcraft bellman program. nor is there a new nasa spaceflight program. it is getting smaller rather than bigger. secretary gates is seeking about $100 billion in the acquisition process. at boeing, we have been supportive of the secretary's

initiative. at the same time, we need to remember that the strong connection between our nation's economic power and its military power is key. the court to -- the core of the connection is a need for a strong and sustainable base. as a result of recent government reductions and program terminations, the u.s. defense and aerospace industry is in real danger of atrophying our ability to do development work at a time when global competitors are making this a priority. i suspect some of you are shuddering right now because you might think you're hearing me advocate for a national industrial policy.

even though many of our competitors aggressively pursue and operate such policies, that is not what i am suggesting. instead, i believe the u.s. has worked toward a coherent national defense -- national industrial strategy if we hope to remain competitive globally. i do not want to micromanage the process. the thinking that got us here, the idea that no national industrial strategy is best could leave us without critical capability. we may need to protect our national interest and economic security. we do not need right lines, but we do need a framework to move forward. i am not suggesting that i know what all the elements of such a strategy would or should be. but we need to start talking about it. in fact, i suggest that a

national industrial strategy should be an important element of aei defending defense initiatives. the defense budget cuts are being proposed less to bring a sense fiscal responsibility to federal funding, but more to create "nothing short of a reversal of america's six-decade long strategic posture." viewing potential cuts through the lens of a national industrial strategy, one that places a high priority on maintaining u.s. technological leadership, would certainly help the questioning of motivation, even if it might result in the same cuts overall. at least there will be a consistent prizm through which to view every option and create the right debate. to my second pressing concern, one of our nation's biggest

challenges is in its talent pipeline. while some countries, including india and china are funneling more and more of their best and brightest students into math and engineering programs, the number of students graduating -- the u.s. student spreading with math and engineering degrees has declined. everything you hear about the job shortage in the united states and do not get me wrong, unemployment is a very real problem, boeing and other technology based organizations are facing an impending skills shortage. that is to say that we cannot find enough qualified engineers, scientists, and other technical workers to meet our needs. the problem is gone particularly acute for defense programs that require u.s. citizenship and security clearances. i can make an educated guess at one of the root causes of this

apparent fading of interest, the perceived lack of a good future with the exciting things to work on. for many of the senate -- when many of us in this room was growing up, our generation was inspired by sending a man to the moon and exploring the universe. i hope that we, as a nation, will find another mission or missions to inspire and deploy our young people. the industrial base and workforce issues are clearly interlinked in my mind and threaten to spiral us into a vicious circle. if we allow our industrial base to fall into disrepair, opportunities for good jobs will dwindle. there will not be many foreign military sales the there because we will have to close production lines. at the same time, to provide -- without a pipeline of employees,

it will cause the u.s. industrial base to deteriorate further and put our global leadership at risk. there is no question that the issues and challenges that we face today can spur a meaningful job creation in the near term and sustain economic growth in the long term and is big and complex. the ideas i suggested are not the only answers by any means. but i hope to provide a place to begin the conversation and move this nation forward. strong national leadership and collaboration of leaders in business, politics, education, and others, i know that we will find a way forward to continued growth and prosperity for all america. thank you very much for listening. i would be happy to take a couple questions at this time. [applause]

>> we will take a few questions. we have a tight schedule. but we will entertain some questions. please wait for the microphone to come to you and then identify yourself and ask a brief question or comment. right there in the second row. >> there's one in the back, too. >> patrick will sen. -- patrick wilson. one thing you did not talk about is the research component, a key part of the leadership that the u.s. government provides. from a boeing perspective, how do you see that as a priority? >> that should be part, in my mind, of the standard discussion. it is not just producing endemic

products. i think it is about producing academic results that help build the industrial base. i think we need to be thoughtful about it. we need to decide that every r&d project is not the same. that should be part of the strategic discussion and part of the funding. i am aware that the funding has come down significantly. it is under pressure. but you do not excite people given the kind of work or get the quality of person that you want to be part of it unless somebody begins the work on the front end as well as the back end. ok. i think there is one in the way back. >> thank you for your comments.

what those the world market share between airbus and boeing share da? if the court had not ruled against europe, what would have been me market share after the ruling? >> can i answer that? >> sure. >> when the dust settles in this, the wto has made it through on both sides. in the next five years to 10 years, the appropriation for that, boeing will have a sense of where we go from here beyond the wto. will there be a necessity to sit down with a budding new china and brazil? i assume we cannot go on going through wto legal cases in setting policy. if it is on our side, it is

great. but it does -- but we need to take a comprehensive look at what is possible and what is not. >> market share is different by size of airplane, large commercial aircraft. we have higher market share in the larger planes. they have a slightly higher market share in the smaller planes. what will happen both with regard to now and down the road, it will be a government-to- government solution. for the launch a portion of the judgment, there is some prescription in the wto rules, some remedies. but the government will decide,

will negotiate and decide. given a strong hand, we hope they will force action. some of these practices will be stopped and remedies will be applied. but that is for our government to do. one of the things i felt was important was exactly your point. there will be chance over the next 20 years -- there will be new entrance of the next 20 years for different sized airplanes. without this issue having been brought in front of the global industrial base, so to speak, i think we would have run the risk of significant misunderstanding

if airbus practices had been allowed to continue. i think it would have been unclear. there would have been multiple suits of this nature. and there still might be. the clarity of of the ruling here will let everybody know what is in balance and what is out of bounds. -- what is inbounds and what is out of bounds. yes. chris? >> chris walsh. you talked about the free-trade agreements. the benefit of the free trade agreements are completely obvious.

but the administration has been reluctant to against these free trade agreements of the last two years. from this perspective, you have the sense the administration is willing to convert its rhetoric into active support, particularly in the congress where there's a quite a bit of skepticism? it will require some heavy lifting. could you comment on that? >> my short answer is yes. i think the pressure point is ruling from the administration to the congress. the administration is committed to getting the first three trade agreements done. and they are talking actively now about the trans-pacific partnership. at the end of the day, it could

be the most important one when viewed 10 years from now. that is now a dialogue that the president and alistair cooke are having. that represents a sea change in their willingness and is not an easy pot politically. there is a lot of statesmanship in their drive. when you do frame it in an economic and competitive context, it is very clear. i think they are stepping up. i do. the congressional approval cycle still has to be managed. that is my sense of it. i think there is one right there. yes.

>> in your focus on the defense exports as an element in all of this, i am thinking back. i did not hear the president specifically mention this, that he has talked about these businesses and education. is this something that he has avoided? >> no. i do not want to speak for the president. i think what he is trying to do is read frame competitiveness in terms of global capability, driving global sales, and driving jobs at home. he is framing the discussion. when you frame it that way, you

end up with industries -- for example, the industry with the largest balance of trade is the aerospace industry. it has about 100 billion exports, something on the order of $40 billion or $50 billion in export. if you look at aerospace in the way the issue has been framed, there are no -- you get to a lot of places. any other ones? or? well, good. >> you settled at all. [laughter]

>> house debate on increasing reimbursements for medicare and medicaid providers. the surgeon general issued a report on tobacco gives health risks. homeland security secretary- general and a politician and talks about the role of local law enforcement in fighting terrorism tomorrow on "washington journal," a look back on the week in politics with the tim fernholz and philip klein. then robin wright on relations with iran. then talking about climate change talks in mexico with politico's darren samuelsohn. >> this weekend on a book tv's afterwards, no feldman on fdr's supreme court appointees. how the man who began their

tenure as friends and the debt as scorpions. by the complete schedule at booktv.org. sign of to get our schedules e- mail to you with their book tv color. >> this week, the house voted for a measure to prevent a scheduled 25% in reimbursements to medicare and medicaid providers. here is a 25-minute portion of that debate. stark. mr. stark: mr. speaker, i rise support of h.r. 4994, the medicare and medicaid extenders act, a bill that was passed by unanimous consent the senate yesterday because of the critical importance to our senior citizens and military families. the legislation does the bare minimum of what is needed to ensure that medicare runs smoothly for the next year. because the military's tricare system operates by many of medicare's rules, it also protects the health care of our military families.

importantly, the bill prevents a nearly 25% pay cut to medicare and tricare physicians that would otherwise go into effect on january 1, 2011. giving physicians a year of certainty in their pay is important to protect medicare beneficiaries' access to their physicians. the bill extends a host of other key policies to protect the health of seniors and people with disabilities. . in the lodge run we all know we need to do much better by medicare than continued one-year patches on the physician payment formula. the house passed a permanent solution in november of 2009, but the senate was unable to move it. we need to work together across party lines to reach a permanent solution. in the meantime, 4994, is the appropriate short-term measure. i urge my colleagues to join us in protecting the medicare beneficiaries by voting yes. i reserve the balance of my

time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman reserves the balance of his time. the gentleman from california, mr. herger. mr. herger: mr. speaker, i yield myself such time as i may consume. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized. mr. herger: when the democrats passed their massive health care overhaul, they didn't spend one sent to resolve a long-standing problem and ensure seniors have continued access to their physicians. as a result, for the fourth time since obamacare passed, we are forced to take emergency action to prevent physicians from having their medicare payments slashed. this time the looming cut is 25% . the brinksmanship where this democrat congress has walked physicians up to the cliff only to back away at the last minute is unacceptable. by friends on the other side of the aisle are quick to remind us that they offered to address medicare physician payments last

fall. this is true. they put a bill on the floor which had already failed to pass the senate. this bill would have expanded our already record deficit by an astounding $210 billion, a cripple be -- crippling debt load on top of the $1 trillion health bill. rather than responsibly manage the medicare program, they chose instd to cut medicare by one half trillion dollars to fund their government takeover of health care. the good news is is that today we are finally starting to address this problem in a bipartisan way. we are stopping these cuts not for one month or two months, but for a fulyear. we are ensuring that physicians will take -- will be able to keep their doors open and that seniors will have continued

access to their doctors. and we are doing this in a fiscally responsible manner without adding a dime to the deficit. we are doing it by taking aim at the irresponsible overspending that was created by the new health care law. let it be known on this day in the people's house the dismantling of obamacare begins. once the house passes this bill and the president signs it into law, we will have landed the first blow to the democrats' massive health care overhaul. today we begin by removing $19 billion from their risky $1 trillion experiment. a risky experiment that c.b.o. predicts will force health insurancpremiums for millions of families to increase by

$2,100 in 2016 alone. a risky experiment that the obama administration predicts could force 117 million americans out of their health plans. a risky experiment that medicare officials have repeatedly warned could jeopardize seniors' access to care. a risky experiment that medicare officials predict will force millions of seniors out of their current medicare and retiree health coverage. a risky experiment that increases taxes by more than one half trillion dollars at a time when unemployment is nearly 10%. a risky experiment that would spend an additional $1 trillion on health care when every respected economist tells us that in order to improve our

country's fiscal health, we must get control of health care spending. my friends on the other side of the aisle repeatedly said, a doctor's fix couldn't be paid for. that it shouldn't be paid for. yet with bipartisan work we have before us a fully offset bill that gives physicians one year of certainty while congress worked to reform physician payments in a fiscally responsible manner once and r all. so here we are today, mr. speaker, pulling at the thread that will begin to unravel obamacare. rest assured, america, we are taking $19 billion today but we'll continue to fight to get the rest next year. thank you, mr. speaker. i reserve the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: the

gentleman reserves the balance of his time. the gentleman from california, mr. stark. mr. stark: mr. speaker, i ask unanimous consent that all members may have fe legislative days to revise and extend their remarks on this matter. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, so ordered. mr. stark: i'd like to remind my distinguished friend that health reform was 100% paid for and the party that wants to spend $700 billion on the richest americans for their tax cuts certainly shouldn't lecture anyone on the deficit. mr. speaker, i yield the balance of my time to the gentleman from new jersey, mr. pallone. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from new jersey is recognized. mr. pallone: thank you, mr. speaker. first of all let me say as i did the other day, as you know i guess about a week ago we passed an extension to eliminate the

cut in the s.g.r. for -- the doctors fix, until the end of this month. this bill before us today would take uuntil the end of the year, december, 2011. at the time the ntleman from california, mr. herger, also got on the floor and made statements which i think totally do not represent what we were doing. first of all, i would say with regard to the doctors fix, nobody wants the 25% cut in doctors reimbursement rate. that's why we were here last week for the extension to eliminate that cut until the end of this year, and that's why we are here today to eliminate tha cut until the end of 2011. the fact of the matter is it's the republican party and it's the gentleman from california, mr. herger's party, in the house that refused to vote for a permanent fix when we passed it in the democrat majority over a year ago. as i said that day, only one person, dr. burgess, who is a

physician on our committee, voted with the democrats for the permanent fix. and as a result of t inability and unwillingness of the republicans to do anything about this doctors cut reimburse the cut, that we had to pass, i guess, five different short-term fixes. now, granted today we are going to have a yea extension and i'm certainly happy the republicans have agreed to a year extension. but they still have not come along to a permanent fix and they have not helped us in our efforts to achieve a permanent fix. so for the gentleman to suggest that somehow the republicans have been helpful and they wanted to deal with this problem, in my opinion, is simply not accurate. let me spell another thing. there is nothing in this bill that would any way disrupt or repeal the health care reform, the land mark legislation that the democrats passed again this year without any support from the other side of the aisle. if any of us were -- if there was any remote suggestion that we were repeang the -- or this

was the beginning of the repeal, as the gentleman suggested, of the health care reform, not one democrat would support that. and i certainly would not. the fact of the matter is the health care lee form was fully paid for -- the health care reform was fully paid for. the fact of the matter is it did not in any way effect medicare beneficiaries. we actually improved benefits for medicare beneficiaries in the health care reform. we basically filled up an eliminated the doughnut hole. we provided more money for co-pays so that seniors who are poor, or lower income, would not have to do co-pays for preventive care. the list of additiona benefits for medicare beneficiaries under the larger health care reform goes on and on. i could list more. so the suggestion that somehow we were cutting medicare benefits is simply not true. the fact of the matter is that benefits were increased, the bill was paid for, and this bill today in no way, in no way takes away from that large health care

reform. we have paid for the health care reform, we have paid for the doctors fix for an additional year in this legislation by making sure that people who were going to get a subsidy and who didn't qualify would have to pay it back. that's the only change. that's the way it's paid for here today. so i just want to say, mr. chairman, this is a very important bill. it's a vital piece of legislation for americs seniors, persons with disabilities, and military families. without this legislation, physician fees in medicare and try care would be reduced by 25% on january 1, three weeks from now, and that kind of cut would threaten the ability of enrollees in medicare and try care to receive their -- tricare to see their doctors and we can't allow that to happen. as i mentioned before we passed some short-tm fixes. this is another short-term fix that thankfully it is at least for another year. until we can work out a permanent solution. the democrats already passed that permanent solution without republican help.

but unfortunately trefore it did not become law and will have to address it again. the bill also prohelp in 2011 to lower care medicare beficiaries and paying premiums which are nearly $100 a month. it extends medicare policies including extensions process for therapy cap that allows medicare beneficiaries to access medically needed therapy treatment. it extends an important program that helps medicaid beneficiaries work more hours without losing their medicaid benefits. it's completely paid for over 10 years. it moved through the senate by unanimous consent. it's really not controversial at all. and so i urge members of the house vote yes on this bill that provides stability to the medicare program. i reserve the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman reserves the balance of his time. the gentleman from california, mr. herger. mr. herger: mr. speaker, i yield the balance of my time to the ranking member of the energy and commerce committee, the gentleman from texas, mr. barton. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from texas is

recognized for as much time as he may consume. mr. barton: i thank the gentleman from california for his courtesy. i would ask the chair how much time i have remaining? the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman has 15 minutes remaining. mr. barton: may i ask how much time my friends on the majority have? the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from california, mr. stark, has 13 minutes remaining. the speaker pro tempore: thank you, mr. speaker. -- mr. barton: thank you, mr. speaker. i yield myself such time as i may consume. the speaker pro tempe: the gentleman is recognized. mr. barton: the republicans do rise in support of this one-year fix for the reimbursement rate for physicians. having said that, i think i was able to listen to some of what my distinguished subcommittee chairman of the ergy and commerce committee, mr. pallone, was saying as i was waiting for the tram to come over here, it is time, mr. speaker, for

members on both sides of the aisle to put aside partisan politics and in an upcoming year or years, if it takes more than one year, sit down and let's really come up with a new formula to fix permanently how we pay our physicians. the current formula is based on an index that is based on inflation. and under the scorekeeping any year in which medical expenses go up more rapidly than the general inflation rate, i'm simply filing the index, but this is the basic part of it, you have to find savings in that particular year or there is a negative balance created in the physician reimbursement fund. the current system is not sustainable. it doesn't work. it doesn't reflect the practice of medicine. but because of our scorekeeping,

we are -- we keep getting further and further behind and so each year the one-year cut gets bigger and bigger. this year it would be 25%. now, obviously when most of our physician community claims, and i think with justification, that they are not being adequately imbursed for treating medicare patients, you have a situation as you have in my district and i'm sure each of us can say in our own district -- in their districts, physicians are not taking medicare patients. in my home county of ellis county, the county seat, community of about 30,000, the mayor is a personal friend of mine and i have known him for over 20 years, hi existing doctor retired and heent, he's

on medicare, he's over 65, we went to find a new doctor who would treat him and he couldn't find a doctor. here's the mayor of watcha hatchee, who couldn't find a doctor to accept a medicare patient. that doesn't make sense. you could find the best system in the world and if you don't have the doctors to implement it you don't have a health care system. so, it is my strong recommendation that the republicans, the current minority, soon-to-be majority, vote for this one-year fix. knowing it's not a fix it's another kickhe can, kick the problem down the road, but in this case at least it is for a year. . and in the upcoming congress and in the majority switch i am going to be a member of the committee of primary jurisdiction, the energy and

commerce committee, and it will be my strong recommendation to our new chairman, fred upton of michan, and our new speaker, mr. boehner of ohio, and our new majority leader, mr. cantor of virginia, that we sit down with our stakeholders, with our friends on the soon-to-be minority side of the aisle and let's come up with a system that adequately reflects the will of both parties and also gets buy-in from the stakeholders and reflects the cost of practicing medicine as it is today. i know it's going to be expensive. i know it's going to be difficult. but it will be possible, and i hope we can do that. so with that i would reserve the balance of my time, would ask for a yes vote when it comes time to vote under the suspension calendar. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman reserves the balance of his time.

who seeks recognition? without objection, the gentleman from new jersey will control the time. the gentleman is recognized. mr. pallone: thank you, mr. speaker. i yield two minutes to the gentleman from california, mr. farr. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from california, mr. farr, is recognized for two minutes. mr. farr: thank you very much, mr. speaker. and thank you veryuch for yielding. i ask for permission to vise and extend. the speaker pro tempore: without objection. mr. farr: mr. chairman, i rise in support of this bill, but with real dismay. first, it is ludicrous that congress continues to patch s.g.r. instead of fixing it once and for all. this bill, though necessary, doesn't fix what's broken. we will justind ourselves back next year trying to find a way forward. the time to repeal and replace the doctor payment formula and come up with something new. second, this bill contains special pork favors for certain midwest senators that will pay

their doctors more than the doctors in other parts of the country. in particular, my state of california. section 103 of this bill provides an arbitrary floor for certain doctor patients in iowa and other midwest states that boost their medicare reimbursements. but this provision does not extend to all doctors in the united states. iowa will get $17 million additional in f.y. 2011 on top of the regular medicare reimbursement that other states will not get. over the two-year cycle, f.y. 2011, iowa doctors will be reimbursed over $34 million because of their special floor in the payments inserted by senator grassley and others in that body. in a bill that is supposed to be clean and simple -- and simply advance the moratorium on reductions in sustainable growth rate, section 103 is an abomination. it is plain unfair to other doctors in other states. my doctors in california,

especially in my district, have suffered more than a decade under the misaligned doctor payment formula to outdate geraphical -- due to outdated geographical locality designations. despite numerous reports by g.a.o. and c.m., despite numerous times the house passed legislation to pass this, the senate has refused to accept the fix. they need to do right by all doctors. this bill es not do that. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman's time has expired. without objection, the gentleman from texas will control the time. mr. barton: i would yield three minutes to a distinguished member of the energy and commerce committee and the health subcommittee, current raing memberf the oversight and investigation subcommittee, dr. michael burgess of flower mound, texas. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from texas, dr. burgess, is recognized for

three minutes. burgburg i thank the gentleman, my ranking minority member -- mr. burgess: i thank the gentleman, my ranking member, for yielding. this truly is an emergency for our nation's patients and our nation's physicianings. i support the passage of this bill. it does give us, also, some time in this body and the other body, it gives us some time to work on a permanent solution. there's plen of blame to go around on both sides of the aisle and both sides of the capitol as to why we are in this f. the fact is it began back in 1998 with an omnibus reconciliation act. it was extended under the republic watch for 10 years and now we have four years under the democrats where it has not been fixed. in fact, most of the doctors you talk to have come through the worse year ever in trying to manage their practices. stop and think about it for a minute. you have a small medical practice, two, three, four, five doctors. they don't do all medicare

work. maybe it's only 5% or 10% of their actual book of business. but in april and in june we asked the administrator at the center for medicare and medicaid services to hold the check for a few weeks until congress could get back off a recess and take up yet another fix for this problem. the practical effect of doing that was we cut 10%, 15% off of the operating budget for every small practice that did medicare, saw medicare patients that we asked them to see, that saw our medicare patients in this country. the consequence of that, most physician offices run very close to the margin every month. they had to impout and borrow money to meet cash flow in april and in june. and i dare say most of those practices haveot yet fully recovered from that insult to the cash flow that occurred. so it is extremely important to pass a one-year -- a one-year extension that gives them the stability to plan, gives patients the ability to be able to find doctors under the

medicare system and gives physician offices the ability to plan for the future. now, during this year that comes up, we are obligated, both sides of the aisle, both houses in isapitol are obligated to fix this problem. shame on us if it continues after this fix has expired. there is the political will to do it. we heard it this morning fm both sides. i will commit myself to working with, yes, my side, the other side of the aisle, the other house in this capitol to work on a permanent solution to this. they are out there. it depends on how we want it to look. it depends on where we're going to get the pay-fors. one the most egregious things in this health care bill that the president signed last march was even though you took $500 biion out of the medicare system you used that to offfund a new entitlement for the middle class in subsidies and the exchange not one dime, not one dime was sequestered to pay down the problem that we have with the sustainable growth rate

formula. and here's the real bad news. the independent payment advisory board is ming up in 2015. also part of the health care bill that was signed into law last march. doctors now perhaps face double jeopardy from the cuts in the sustainable growth rate formula and the cuts in the payment advisory board. this strches out for 12 months. we have time to do it let's dedicate ourselves for getting this done for our nation's seniors. thank you. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman's time has expired. the gentleman from new jersey. mr. pallone: i'd continue to reserve. i don't know if there are speakers on the other side. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman reserves the balance of his time. the gentleman from texas. mr. barton: mr. speaker, we don't have any other speakers. we're prepared to close if the majority's prepared to close. mr. pallone: that's fine. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from texas is recognized. mr. barton: mr. speaker, i think all that's been said that needs to be said has been said. so let me simply say that this is a problem that needs to be dealt with. i compliment those who

negotiated the one-year sficks. hopefully in the next -- fix. hopefully in the congress we can replace the existing formula for one that doesn't have to be updated and fixed evy session of congress. but for today i'd urge all those in the current minority to vote for the bill on suspension and would yield back the balance of our time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from texas yields back the balance of his time. the gentleman from new jersey. mr. pallone: thank you, mr. speaker. let me associate myself completely with the remarks that the gentleman from texas just made. i do think that it's significant that we're able to negotiate a e-year extension to avoid these cuts to the doctors on a bipartin basis. and i do believe we need to work together on a bipartisan basis to achieve a permanent

>> elizabeth and birds died this week after her battle with cancer. several are expected to attend a memorial service in raleigh, north carolina, including senator john kerry. you can watch the proceedings live at 1:00 p.m. eastern. in london, students write over higher to russians, they worry about program cuts, and they talk about england's debt crisis. two programs this weekend with the dubious from london. tonight, stephanie flanders of the bbc and matthew parris, a writer for "the times of london." >> just in time for the holiday season, the supreme court is being offered directly from our publisher to c-span viewers for a very special price.

$5 plus shipping and handling, a discount of more than 75% off of the original price. this is the first book to tell the story of the supreme court to the eyes of the justices. 10 original supreme court interviews with current and retired justices including justice john roberts, sandra day o'connor, and sandra -- sotomayor. with 16 pages of photographs detailing the architecture and history of the court's landmark building. a handsome edition to the book shelves of any non-fiction thought reader. to order at the very special price of $5, log on to c- span.org/books. use the promo code "c-span" to get yours. >> on thursday, the surgeon

general released a report on smoking and claiming a single cigarette causes harm. the surgeon general was joined by hhs secretary kathryn civilians -- kathleen m. sibelius. our former surge >> good morning. we appreciate all of you joining us here today. i am be here with two of our departments leaders. assistant secretary for help and our wonderful surgeon general. we are here to release the 38th

surgeon general's report on tobacco. is want to pause for a moment and say that this efforts to on reducing tobacco use in america that is one of the great legacy pieces of surgeon general's. it was brought to light by a surgeon general in 1964 and it has continued to be a great effort. this year, when we are realizing this effort to reduce and eliminate smoking in america, i am pleased to tell you that it's regina benjamin will be a wonderful leader in this effort along with our other health care leaders in continue that legacy. we have known the dangers of tobacco smoke for years. the reports that we are releasing today compile some new information. inhaling the poisons in tobacco

smoke causes an immediate damage and leads to a deadly disease. the message from this report for americans is simple. there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. if you are a smoker, the best time to quit is right now. we are getting this data in an importance moment in our campaign against tobacco use. the first report on smoking was released on 1964. more than two of five americans were spoken. by 2004, that number had fallen to about one at a five. about 20%. the bad is is that in recent years, the decline in adults and youths smoking has stalled at 20%. we are in a situation more every day, 4000 young americans under the age of 18 try their first

cigarette. 1000 of those young americans under 18 become daily smokers. the ultimate result is that 1200 americans die every day as a result of tobacco related causes. our attitude is that if these numbers are not changing fast enough, our actions need to change. over the last two years, we have looked at every tool that we have for reducing tobacco use. the first step was historic legislation signed by president obama last june. for the first time, it gave the fda the power to regulate tobacco products. that law includes a whole series of new reforms, but some of the most important to deal with marketing practices to america's children. in the past, tobacco companies had been very clever in finding ways to market their products to use.

whether it is sponsoring concerts' or sporting events or giving out free samples and promotional items targeted specifically at kids. under the new law, we are bringing these practices to an end, making sure that your child will not come home with flavored lip balm court cell phone jewelry with an identifiable cigarette's brand logo. or recognizable pattern of colors, something that we were sitting over and over again. the fda has also banned the tobacco industry from using terms like light and lo and miles on its packs. we think those terms mislead people into thinking that some cigarettes are actually safe. the report be are releasing today makes it clear that there is no such thing as a safe cigarette. as the food and drug administration recently announced, the most significant of state to cigarette warning labels and 25 years.

instead of the old text, there will be graphic new labels that will illustrate the harms of smoking much more effectively. plasters tobacco legislation was just a start. -- last year's tobacco legislation was just a start. we will provide support to some of the most promising local tobacco control programs. altogether, we are investing $200 million in programs like the one in boston. it is working to decrease tobacco use by engaging students to advocate against tobacco in schools and signing of developers to promote smoke-free housing. eventually, we hope those successful programs will become models for the rest of the country. we're also taking steps to give americans who use tobacco the support they need to quit. as part of the new insurance reform laws, the affordable care act, americans will get access to evidence based smoking

cessation interventions at no additional cost. medicare will now conversation counseling for all beneficiaries. previously, if you were a medicare beneficiary, you had to wait and report for the disease in order to have access to smoking cessation help. we think it might make a little more sense to put before you get the disease. that is now available to all beneficiaries as part of the medicare benefits package. it is those -- we are making use of all the tools at our disposal, from stopping misleading and exploited marketing practices to in power in local communities to make sure americans who want to quit smoking can get the kinds of counseling and treatment that are proven to help. to insure that these efforts are coordinated, last month are department unveiled our first ever comprehensive tobacco control plan. in the tobacco academic -- 10 --

ending the tobacco epidemic. it is a critical economical since a cost our health care system nearly $200 billion a year. today's report shows that every additional cigarettes in america is making us less help the country. we have made some significant progress in the last two years, but we need to keep pushing aggressively forward. i would like to turn over the floor to the assistant secretary of health and a longtime champion of public health who has spearheaded our department's efforts on tobacco control. >> >> let me set -- let me thank

the secretary for her words and her presence today. on this very important topic. i want to congratulate and thank the tremendous scientific community that contributed to the creation and release of this report today. let me sing aloud the centers for disease control and prevention. they were absolutely vital in creating and releasing this report. we're also very pleased to have -- he will be joining us on the stage in a couple of minutes. every family in this nation has lost 1112 tobacco. every person in this room has lost a friend or a family member to tobacco. as a physician and a clinician for over 30 years, i've

personally cared for so many patients who have suffered preventable suffering and died preventable deaths caused by tobacco. that is why it is critical to hear about today's surgeon general report describing the latest understanding of how tobacco smoke causes disease. today's report emphasizes that every cigarettes can cause damage. the message is, while good help is a precious and fragile gift, in the cigarettes threatens to take away that gift at any time. with over 15 billion packs of cigarettes consumed each year in our country, that the threat remains omnipresent, but acceptable, and intolerable. it is our hope that today's report motivate us as a nation

to declare that we will no longer accept the unacceptable and tolerate the intolerable. we cannot allow the past suffering disease and death caused by tobacco to be an inevitable part of america's future. we have a science to understand this epidemic. that is what today's report was all about. we know what works. we know that most smokers want to quit. cessation services can help users receive the support they need and deserve. we know that the more it states spend on tobacco control programs and the longer they invest, the greater the public health impact. we note that comprehensive smoke-free policies in states and communities reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, prevent heart attacks, and improve lung

health. we know that aggressive media campaign to prevent you from starting to smoke, help smokers quit, and change the social norm back to one that is healthy and smoke-free. to turn this knowledge into action, the secretary sibelius charge the department to create its first ever comprehensive strategic action plan for tobacco control. as assistant secretary, i was honored to chair that a working group and created the comprehensive plan which was publicly released several weeks ago. we have been so gratified by the response of so many in this room and around the country who care deeply about help and want to make this plan, live. the surgeon general report today only strengthens the scientific foundations of this plan.

together, we can make it real for the american people. the goal is to reduce the current adult smoking rate of around 20% to 12% by the year 2020. the plant is organized around four pillars of action. the first pillar is the support implementation of evidence based tobacco control interventions and policies in states and communities. the secretary has already mentioned pout recovery act funds will support those interventions in communities across this nation. also of note, just this year, the implementation of state wide comprehensive smoke-free laws, and workplaces, restaurants, bars, have taken place in kansas, michigan, wisconsin, south dakota. while this means that 25 states

and the district of columbia now have implemented comprehensive smoke-free laws, it also means that half the country remained unprotected. we especially need to reduce disparities in secondhand smoke protections for young children, loren, americans, blue-collar and service workers who are more heavily exposed. every american deserves a healthy environment. the second pillar of the plan is to engage the public to change social norms around tobacco use. currently, the u.s. cigarette manufacturers spend $12.5 billion a year. that is $34 million a day on marketing cigarettes to retain and recruit users, increased consumption, and generate favorable attitudes toward tobacco use. in this context, we neediest efforts that accurately convey

the negative health effects to the public. in the most recent example, the fda has just proposed a series of new help warnings to appear on the cigarette packages and in advertising. these will be the first new warnings in 25 years. warnings will cover at the 50% of the front and back of every pack. a couple of graphic images depicting the negative consequences of smoking. nine images are will be coupled with a warning statements and will be required on all cigarette packs in the u.s. starting september 2012. once that happens, every pack of cigarettes in our country will become a hand held billboard that conveys the truth about smoking. the third pillar of the plan calls for the department to lead by example by leveraging its

resources. we want to enhance the medicare and medicaid services to provide comprehensive treatments to the fullest extent possible. we want to insure all departments supported health care delivery sites are implementing proven interventions and enhancing health care professionals knowledge of cessation treatments through appropriate provider training programs. we need to reduce tobacco related disparities through intervention with high-risk populations. we need to do everything we can so that it is as easy to quit as it is to buy a pack of cigarettes. the fourth and last pillar is to advance our knowledge by accelerating research and that is where today's report and the release of the findings is so important. in closing, we hope that this

first ever comprehensive strategic action plan, today's report, and many more advances in the future will renew and accelerate national momentum toward addressing the leading cause of preventable death and suffering in our time. we are at a critical crossroads and record to working with you to end the epidemic and leave a legacy of a healthier nation for future generations. thank you very much. it is my great pleasure to welcome my colleague dr. regina benjamin. >> good morning. i am having microphone issues. thank you for sharing with us

the department's tremendous commitment to tobacco control. she really has been out there pushing us into leadership from the top makes a wonderful difference. i would also like to thank dr. elders. all the former surgeon general's for their work on tobacco both nationally and internationally over the years. the 2010 surgeon general's report is a result of the contribution of 54 experts. i would like to recognize three of the editors were with us today. vice-president of research at kenny and associates -- pitney and associates, dr. patricia

richter, ph.d., and dr. jonathan sinnett, director of institute for global help and chairman of the department of preventive medicine. university of southern california. i would like to thank you and all of your colleagues for all the hard work that you have done. being here today to release this report is very special to me. i have been working publicly on various -- with various partners toward a tobacco free society since i was a medical student. it was a very important part of my tenure. the new today is very special to me -- the new today is special to be in a personal way. when i accepted this position, my mother died of lung cancer

from smoking. she started smoking because she was a girl and she was not allowed to smoke and her twin brother did. as an issue was able to, she started to smoke. it took her life. i now watch my uncle, a world war ii veteran and survivor, said tied to an oxygen tank struggling for every breath. prevention is a foundation and prevention is a foundation of my work as surgeon general. i want to prevent families from suffering the effects of tobacco use, either personally or for their loved ones. this to does intend reports -- this 2010 report is the 30th report since 1964. previous reports have emphasized which diseases are caused by tobacco. this report focuses on how

tobacco smoke causes damage to almost every organ in your body. tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7000 chemicals and chemical compounds. inulin these compounds -- inulin these compounds cause immediate damage and long-term damage. this report concludes that the damage from tobacco smoke is immediate. the chemicals in the tobacco smoke reach your lungs a very quickly everytime you inhale. your blood then carries the these toxicant to every organ in your body. exposure to the tobacco smoke quickly damages the blood vessels throughout the body and make sure blood more likely to clot. the chemicals and the tobacco smoke damage is the delicate lining of your lungs and causes permanent damage. that reduces your lungs ability

to exchange care efficiently. that is what causes the chronic obstructive lung disease. many americans have some degree of coronary artery disease and they do not even know it. they have not experienced any of the symptoms. people with heart disease are at risk from second-hand smoke exposure. even a brief amount of tobacco smoke leads to changes in the blood vessel function and the blood clotting which could lead to heart attack. chemicals in the tobacco smoke causes inflammation and cell damage. bacon also weaken the immune system. your body makes white blood cells to respond to injuries and cancers. the white blood cells count tend to rise and stay high when you continue to smoke. your body is constantly trying to fight is the damage that is being caused by smoking.

in the chemical -- the chemicals in the toxicant in tobacco smoke damage to dna. it can lead to cancer, and smoking can weaken your body's ability to fight cancer. with the cancer, even those not related to tobacco smoke, the smoking can decrease the benefits of chemotherapy and other treatments. exposure to tobacco can allow tumors to grow. smoking makes it harder for diabetics to regulate their blood sugar. that is why smokers and diabetics have a higher risk of kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, and even nerve damage. another area -- another fighting within this report is that tobacco smoke is addicting. cigarettes are designed for addiction. nicotine is the key chemical

compound that causes the powerful addictive effects in cigarettes. other -- product design, such as the filtered, flavoring agents, and added chemical ingredients, make nicotine easier to absorb a debt to be delivered more quickly to the brain. this increases the additive kick and the pleasure that smokers feel great many ingredients are added to reduce the harshness and improve the taste and the consumer appeal. chemical ingredients convert nicotine to a free nicotine. it more quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier. they also have these the adoration holes in the filter. it makes smoke easier to inhale

more deeply into your lungs. converting the nicotine to free nicotine that makes it easier to cross the blood-brain barrier. all of these design features work together to enhance the addictive pleasure affect. today's cigarettes deliver nicotine and chemicals much more quickly to the brain. evidence also suggest that the psychosocial biological genetic factors play a role and nicotine addiction. in adolescence, their bodies are much more sensitive to nicotine. they are more easily addicted that adults. this helps us explain why every day, lest people smoke today than in the past.

our efforts have produced tobacco use since the first surgeon general's report. since 2003 our progress has stalled. one in five adults continues to smoke. one in five adolescents smoke. tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the united states. it is responsible for more than 440,000 premature deaths each year. the first thing we should do is get everyone to stop smoking. we know that new cigarette is safe. we now have eight national preventive strategy. the evidence shows that as smoking rates decline, the smoking control programs are implemented.

for example, california is the home of the longest running state tobacco control program in the country. as a result of that program, long cancer incidents have been declining for times faster in that state than any other in the nation. california has the potential to be the first day in which lung cancer is no longer the leading cause of cancer death. we know it works. we know that when we increase the price of tobacco, smoking declines. we note that when we enact smoke-free policies, we restrict exposure to second-hand smoke, prompt smokers to quit, and promote healthy decisions. we also know that when we educate the public we inform them of the risks. it encourages tobacco users to

uit and prevents uyouth from starting. it is important to talk to your doctor. this is important because we know that patients are advised to quit smoking by their doctors. they have a 66% higher rate of success. i tell my patients, which are now 300 million americans, to quit smoking. quitting smoking gives or body a chance to heal from the damage caused by smoking -- quitting smoking gives your body a chance to heal from damage caused by smoking. when a smoker quits, the risk of a heart attack drops sharply after one year. the stroke risk false after two to five years. the risk of cancer in the

mouth, throat, or esophagus is cut in half after five years. the risk of dying from lung cancer drops to about half in 10 years. it is never too late to quit. the sooner you quit, the better. it often takes several attempts before a smoker is able to quit. we have strategies for cessation including prescription medication that can make it easier. again, talk to your doctor and we ask you to call 1-800-quit- now for help. the full-report is 700 pages long. it was written for a scientific audience. but it is really important for americans to understand how tobacco can affect every cell in

your body. it is written in plain leverage -- in plain language. we have some available copies here for you. you can also download them from our website at surgeon general.gov. will somebody run the public service announcement? >> the latest research shows that cigarette smoke contains 7000 chemicals that spread through your blood vessels causing inflammation and restricting oxygen. it doubles the risk of heart attack and death. i am the surgeon general. with each cigarette you have to ask yourself, is this the one that will cause a heart attack? call 1-800-quit-now.

>> i would like to ask the doctor to join us on the podium. it will open it up for questions or comments from the audience. yes, sir? >> [unintelligible] i work for bluebird radio. smokers act like they had been living in a cave for 45 years. why do you think what is essentially a chemistry lesson at the heart of this report will make that much of a difference? i would also like to ask the secretary, while the federal government has been putting money into the states, how come a number of states are taking money out of smoking programs to fill holes in the budget? is that frustrating? >> i will start with the first.

we know smoking causes a lot of problems, diseases, and cancer. it may be the scientist in us, but i believe it is very important that every american understands what is happening in their body, particularly people who are trying to stop smoking. i have people not trying -- i had people not understanding why they are trying to quit and cannot. there is a biological reason why it is harder for it but to quit -- for them to quit. they need to know what is happening to them being exposed to second-hand smoke. they do not have to go into that bar or smoky place. it can cause a heart attack right away. just out of curiosity, as an individual i want to know what is happening to my body when i

am exposed to these chemicals. >> there is no question states have been cash-strapped and are moving money from one priority to another try to stretch what are limited dollars. we see different kinds of momentum. my home state of kansas, after working for years to pass eight snow-free all -- smoke-free --l, that will have an enormous impact on second-hand smoke on every citizen in the state. americans are familiar with this information, but in the information age, unless we catch people's attention and make it

absolutely clear that smoking is related to dying, we are losing something. the new law that was signed, the ability to regulate tobacco, and the graphics that would be enormously difficult to miss -- if you look at a pack of cigarettes, there are a whole series of endeavors. i think we need to keep after this until we make a bigger dent in smoking. that is what this campaign is all about. we just talked about 20% in seven years. that is not a good place to be. it is certainly not a good place to be when kids are becoming smokers every day. we have also been some significant money into state

quick-lines and to committee projects which, hopefully, will show us the best possible strategies that we can take. hopefully those resources will continue this effort at a time when a lot of states do not have additional money in their budgets and need help finding this lifesaving effort. it is an effort related to our prosperity. each and every day smokers make us a less prosperous nation. >> we talked about what we know about cancer and lung disease and that sort of thing. we did not know as much about the heart disease -- cardiovascular disease. if you and help one cigarette it affects the lining of the blood vessels. it affects every organ in your body.

your blood is more easily clotted. if you have an underlying heart disease and do not know it, when cigarette or exposure to second- hand smoke can cause a heart attack. yes? >> thank you. i represent a city in minnesota that administrates tobacco- settlement dollars. we report to the judicial branch, not the legislative branch. there has been talk this morning about cigarette use and smoking, but what about other tobacco products and devices? are there programs that address those issues? >> i think this report we are announcing today is

specifically focused on cigarettes and their medical impact, but the new center for tobacco regulation is going to look at a whole range of products that involve smoked. we can talk a little bit about -- the timetable will start at cigarettes, but there is an effort to look at the comprehensive overview. >> we are concerned about tobacco in any way shape or form. there are a number of smokeless products on the market. the role of the fda is very important. we need to protect children against possible addiction.

>> do you have a question? >> dr. benjamin, you touched on what doctors should say to their patients that go beyond what they already know. what specifically do you tell your patients to smoke that they do not know? what should doctors be telling their patients? >> we have developed a one-pager for that reason to talk about things they can discuss. first of all, telling the patient what it does to their body. talking to the patient about the fact that this could cause death. that the smoke itself causes immediate damage. most people do not understand that. we try to educate them on what they can do with the families and with themselves, particularly make their homes smoke-free.

they can take control of themselves and their family. depending on the patient's issues, we talk about the changes that are occurring at the cellular and dna level. there are reproductive problems that are caused by the dna structure and the changes that happen at the cellular culpable -- at the cellular level. children can die of sids that is related to tobacco smoke. kids can have asthma attacks when they are exposed. dear infections and upper respiratory -- ear infections and upper respiratory

infections are common. >> there are more cessation services available to smokers than ever before. there are provisions for new health plans to cover cessation and counseling. there'll be new announcements for medicaid. if smokers want to quit, if they want to be smoke-free and do not know where to go, there is now tremendous support for smokers. >> one of the things we have been successful in doing as part of a comprehensive strategy is making sure that the federal employee benefit plan includes smoking cessation for all federal employees. we want to lead by example. that was an important feature to include in the programs. expansion -- it is one thing to say we should quit smoking, but

a lot of people did not have access to the tools they needed, so we made a big step forward in that area. >> patients who smoke, several of them said they want to quit. counseling, cessation programs, medication. >> american lung association -- i am also the father of a 14- year-old and a 15-year-old girl. >> kids are really smart now. to give them information that they can go after, i would not underestimate how bright kids are. when they are given false information -- make sure they

understand the dangers and how quickly they can become addicted, how quickly they can become addicted to this just like any other drug. we suggest they just say a note to cigarettes as well. the fda is starting to make tobacco products less attractive to teenagers. we actually have another surgeon general's report that is coming out sent on how it affects adolescence and teenagers. we will be addressing a number of those things. they understand that this is a drug, it is not just something that the marketing people have made to be attractive and sexy. it is not. will be showing them pictures of serious consequences.

teen-agers in my practice is used to respond to ugly pictures. they do not like to think they will look like that some day. >> for adolescent girls, some of the information about the impact on reproduction, the impact on your potential children in the future -- it is critical to tell them that they start as a 13- year-old, what kind of tragedy that may cause your child in the future. not only your ability to have a child or ability to have a healthy child, but the kind of harm you may do to that potential baby. a lot of them think they can handle this. smoking is kind of cool. i would just met periodically. as long as they understand the addictive nature, but also the impact that it will have on

their body in the future is something they should think about. >> no smokers today started as teenagers. -- most smokers today started as teenagers. >> i am it thrilled about this report. it is amazing. i am as a pediatrician. i would like to know how pediatricians can work with you in this area. >> pediatricians have long been the carrier of this bucket of water. in your offices, pediatricians have the ability to talk to the kids and their parents. they trust you. they just what you say. your word, when you say it, carries a lot more weight than a media campaign or somebody

saying, you should not do this. you have the time to go to it with them and talk about the things that the secretary just mentioned about what will happen in the future. what happens now? what happens when you inhale that tobacco smoke? i think the role of the pediatrician is tremendous. you carry a lot of weight and a lot of trust. thank you for all the work you have done on working with getting rid of tobacco smoke in teenagers and adolescents. we appreciate that. do we need a microphone? >> i am 8 resident physician. my question is about the consumer list. can you tell me what level of health literacy developed that? what goals were put towards it?

why will it be destroyed did to besides the internet portal? >> it is right here. it is pretty plain speech and it is targeted towards the average consumer. lots of pictures, lots of graphics. just to try to explain the scientific information. it tries to put it in plain, everyday language. it starts with information in languages you can understand. it talks about each one of the things we mentioned. for example, within five years of quitting your chances of cancer in the mouth, esophagus, and bladder or reduced. it is available. as far as development, the dog

was want to mention it? >> i take it goes back to the 2004 report. i think the challenge was taking 700 pages and turning it into something that everyone can understand. i think that has been done. dr. benjamin and her team contributed very affectively to getting the word out. there is something in this book for every point on the life span. there is something here that everybody needs to know and pay attention to. >> dr. benjamin, in light of this report, what advice has he given or would you give to the president says he has admitted to having trouble kicking the habit completely? >> i give them the same advice i give any patient, to try their

best to quit smoking. the president has been trying very hard. just like every other american, this is a disease and a product that is addicting. when we talk about the addictive behavior, now we understand why it is hard to quit. i tell patients not to give up or be discouraged. it could take a number of times to try to quit. do not get discouraged when you do not quit the first time. just keep going. there are a number of products out there. there are medications. there is counseling. there are a number of nicotine products -- nicotine replacement products that are really helpful. we now have a medication that

has been approved by the fda to treat it. >> we have time for one more question. >> hello, dr. benjamin. i am with nbc news. can you tell me what this report shows about the science of menthol and what it does to the body? >> this report did not addressed and fall. that is one of the things we did not go into. the additives were not addressed in this particular report. the fda and other places will start to look at it. my mother smoked menthol cigarettes. the want to mention anything?

-- do you want to mention any think? >> i am with the national alliance for hispanic health. will the consumer report be available for -- in spanish or other languages? will there be a fact sheet available? >> this is going to be ongoing. we are possibly going to be giving out more and more information. 700 pages is a lot of information to get out. we will certainly put these in spanish and other languages that consumers can access to make it easier. we are open to your suggestions if you have suggestions on how we can get the message out to everyone.

do you want to comment on the menthol? any other comments from either of you before we call this to a close? thank you for coming and for helping us get the information out about tobacco smoke and encouraging everyone to stop smoking. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] next, homeland security janet napolitano talks antiantiterrorism efforts. that's followed by the memorial for elizabeth edwards.

an then former secretary of state discusses the middle east peace process. tomorrow on washington journal, a look back at the week in politics with tim fernholedse of the american prospect. and phil lip kline of the american spectator. the u.s. institute of peace robin wright on relations with iran, and then an update on global change talks with the politico's daren samuelson. live at 7:00 a eastern time on c-span. >> new orleans judge thomas port yuss is only the eightth federal judge in history to be convicted and removed from the federal bench by the u.s. senate.

>> homeland security secretary janet napolitano recently spoke about terrorism plots initiated in the u.s. and the role of local law enforcement. her remarks came by the meeting hosted by the bureau of justice assistance clefrens. this is 45 minutes. >> good afternoon. good afternoon, everyone. has this been a great day one or what?

importance of partnerships in our field and the poshes of putting state and locals first. putting state, local, and tribal justice officials at the center of everything we do in order to be successful. and through our work, as i mentioned to you earlier with the department of homeland security and working together with great folks there, we have seen that both of these things, partnerships and state and locals first, are more than a theme at the department of homeland security. and this has been no accident. this is the result of leadership from the top of the organization, as i talk to you about today at the department, and leadership from the secretary janet napolitano. her background made her the perfect choice for this, the u.s. attorney in arizona during the clinton administration, the attorney general of the state of arizona, and the two-term

governor of arizona, and being named one of the top five governors by time magazine. she is engaged, she is engaging, and she gets it. and we're grateful for her time here today. please join me in welcoming secretary for the department of homeland security, janet napolitano. [applause] >> well, thank you and good afternoon. and i want to say how grateful i am for this invitation, for that kind introduction and to all the partnerships we have with many of the groups represented here today. particularly with the office of justice programs and with the

department of josstiss. i am formerly of the department of justice. i was the u.s. attorney in arizona for a little over four years. after that, the attorney general, and then the governor. so i do come to my current position as the secretary of homeland security with a keen appreciation for the role of the homeland and the importance of states and localities. and nongovernmental entities. and the private sector. the whole range of partnerships that go into really creating a homeland security architecture. now, let me begin by saying that i know that those of you here today have a lot on your plates. you are in these tough budget times being asked to do more

with less. and the demands on law enforcement and for security have never been greater. with the budgets of our states, our counties, and cities being under duress, many of them have already been cut, almost all of them that i can think about will be cut some more. so the ability to work together and to use that cliche about leveraging resources becomes not just a cliche, it becomes a necessity in these times. so wherever we can, the deep and growing relationships we have in our building with d.o.j. through ojp, through the bureauo just siss assistance, through the cops office, with

the f.b.i. and elsewhere, that's what we are going to do because we recognize the light motive at issue here, and that is that no one department the k go it alone. that we all need each other if we are going to be successful. now, as i said, we have a number of things we are working on together. i would be remiss if i didn't recognize the hard work of d.o.j.'s global justice advisory committee and the criminal justice council, both of which have been instrumental from the ground level in providing information, sharing support to the department and to our own homeland security advisory council. so if you are a member of one of those groups, that's a shout out for you. thank you very much. but i would also be remiss if i

didn't talk about the other kinds of progress and partnerships we have achieved over the past year despite budget challenges. and there has been significant progress. and if these were ordinary times, i would say that we could be patting ourselves on the back and saying we've done it all. we reached the end goal. we've got it all down. but these are not ordinary times, and the threat picture that we deal with is not static, it is ever-evolving. and that means that we can't be static. we have continue to evolve. we have to continue to adapt. we have to continue to be not just reactive but proactive. and if you thought that i was

incorrectly stating the status of where we are, i would say just look at the past several weeks in the past several weeks we have seen terrorists affiliated with al qaeda in the arabian peninsula, aqap tried to exploit international aviation and shipping by disguising pieces of cargo to get through the screening mechanisms that we have. we have seen another attempt at home-grown or domestic violence extremism with the recent arrests in oregon of an individual. and also right here in the washington, d.c. area. and we've seen other attempts or other things as well. so let me begin the substance of my talk by sharing with you

this fundamental premise. and that is that we operate under the premise that individuals prepared to carry out terrorist acts are in this country. most of them terrorist acts commited in the name of islam. but they are in this country and that they are prepared to carry out further acts of terrorism with little or no warning. so we also believe that this has implications for all americans. not just those who happen to live in the beltway. it means that we all need to give some thought to the environment that we are in. we need to be speaking about this at our homes, in our communities, at work, and we need to be taking preparedness measures so that as a nation we

are not living in a state of fear but in a state of awareness and a state of readyness. so the implications for the premise i have stated that there are individuals prepared to carry out terrorist acts in this country, prepared to carry them out with little or no warning, this is a very significant premise in any conversation but particularly with respect to the conversation we are having this afternoon. because this picture is applicable not just to threats of terrorism, but also violent crimes, gang violence, smuggling, human smuggling and trafficking. and that means that you, the men and women involved in state and local law enforcement, in corrections, in parole and

juvenile justice are at the real frontline in terms of the protection of our country and our homeland from violence or violent activities that in many ways are unprecedented in our nation's history. now, it also means that we need to acknowledge that while investigations and task forces are vitally important and d.h.s. is a partner in many such task forces, for example, next to the f.b.i. we are the largest parts pant in jttfs croots the united states. we are one of the largest parts pants in hida. but it also means that traditional law enforcement methods alone are insufficient. and by traditional, i mean our

traditional task forces. because we know now from experience that really the most effective way of detering and preventing criminal activity is when we employ new, creative, and cooperative approaches that build community trust and that empower individuals to be part of our public safety solutions, to be part of our homeland security architecture. so we need to be working together to learn and share the lessons from literally decades now of hard work and analysis. we need to learn the lessons about radicalization. what causes an individual to go from a middle-class or upper middle-class life here in the

united states to becoming radicalized, to becoming radicalized to the point of being willing to commit a suicide bombing killing him or herself and others along with him? what are the root causes of gang violence? and gang violence that i'll most concerned about now is that related to the cartels in mexico and as we watch that violence very carefully to see that it does not spill over into the united states. what is the process in our corrections system? are we correcting or are we simply providing a location in which gang activity or radicalization can not only take root but can thrive? and how are we doing with things like community oriented policing as ways of preventing

violent attacks from being successfully planned on our own soil? so we have been at d.h.s. saying, all right, let's take this whole universe of issues of problems, or techniques, of tactics and go back and say, well, where are we? we've been looking, for example, at the lessons learned out of the 2008 terror attacks in mumbai, india. and using them to make changes to the way our police respond to incidents. what training needs to be updated? what tactics need to be changed? do we have the right kind of equipment in our vehicles? should we all of a sudden have to respond to a small arms terrorist attack on the soft target in the united states as opposed to in india? that has ramifications for you

all across this country. we have drawn lessons from the past. for example, in 2005, the arrest of seemingly small-time criminals in attorneys, california exposed details of how inmates were being radicalized in the corrections systems. and we need to work from that. work from that not just to prevent it, but that has ramifications for corrections and for parole. now, we've learned from cases in the united states where, for example, investigations into a cigarette smuggling ring and into other individuals gave us leads into those who were smuggling precursor chemicals for meth and that they were then turning the proceeds of that meth nood funneling resources to hezbollah.

so it went from a small-time cigarette smuggling case to something that was funneling major money to a major terrorist organization. and so all of these things show how things are interrelated. we don't and cannot operate in nice tidy little boxes any more. all the more reasons why our homeland security architecture has to be one that relies on information sharing, on sharing about tactics, techniques, and behaviors, on trends that we have noticed nationally and share information about but on trends that we get information about from the homeland itself. and that puts an increased importance on state and local law enforcement. indeed, there is a recent study of open source cases and the study was done by the institute

for homeland security solutions. it showed that more than 80% of terrorist plots thwarted over the last decade were uncovered because of either local law enforcement or public vigilance. let me just say that again. open-source cases over the lst decade, 80% thwarted either by local law enforcement or public vigilance. so that brings me to really the center of this talk with you today. and that is that we are in my judgment at a turning point in how we approach our nation's security. the threats posed, news challenges that are real, they require innovative and evidence-based responses. and here d.h.s. and our federal partners, we are working hard to find new ways to inform and

to empower state, local, tribal, territorial communities on how to solve problems and how to prevent a violent crime which can be a terrorist act from occurring in your jurisdiction. now, historically domestic terrorism matters were based on the premise, on the belief that the united states faced its greatest risk from terrorist attacks that were planned and carried out by an individuals who would do the planning abroad, enter the united states from abroad, and then carry out their activities, their crimes. so accordingly, after 9/11, we placed a much greater emphasis on building the capacity of the intelligence community or here it's known as the i.c., but the

intelligence community, to uncover specific plots and the identity of those doing the planning. so we assumed they were being done overseas, that people from overseas were coming here, and, that by the way there were plots that were fairly sophisticated by the number of people that the i.c. would have the ability to find out, infiltrate, and by so doing give us the ability to prevent a crime or an act from occurring. but the events of the past two years show us that that cannot be our sole premise. that we need to be dealing with home-grown threats, planned within the united states, carried out by individuals living here, and not necessarily involving a large

conconspiracyy or indeed a long-time line, that they are very short and very few people, and they can go very, very quickly. so, for example, the attempted attack this past may by fiesle shizz add who was a natural u.s. citizen. he attempted to detonate a car bomb in times square. and had he been successful, his act would have killed or severely injured many, many individuals. a legal permanent resident of the united states plotted to attack the new york city subway system but his plotting was being done in colorado and he was driving across the country in order to get to new york

city to carry out his attack, and just last week over thiffing we saw the arrest of a young somali american suspected of plotting to bomb a crowded christmas tree lighting ceremony in portland, oregon. those are just a few of the open-source examples. but many other individuals are involved in such radicalization. they are unknown to the i.c., to the intelligence community. they are unknown to federal authorities. and that means our traditional i.c. methods, our traditional i.c. efforts and travel analyses may not by themselves be enough to identify these domestically inspired terrorists, their planning, and their attacks. so we are therefore challenged with moving beyond the premise

that we've had in the past, the premise that we relied on, and instead we have to gain a better understanding again of the tactics, the behaviors, the other indicators that could point to terrorist activity. that's the reality we face today. and there's no doubt that it is a big challenge. it is a challenge we are up for. let me not be too pessimistic here. we have met challenges before. we surmount those challenges. but we're not going to surmount them if we keep doing the same old things in the same old way. the terrorist environment is changing, the violent crime environment is changing. we have to change. we have to adapt. we have to be proactive as well as reactive. so how are we reflecting this at the department of homeland security? going back more than five

years, our friends at iacp and others in state and local law enforcement were drawing attention to a phrase that homeland security starts with home-town security. homeland security starts with hometown security. and you know what? they're exactly right. they are exactly correct. each of us has a responsibility from a local police officer or a first responder to an intelligence analyst in a fusion center to members of the public or members of the private sector. such as private security professionals. each has a responsibility that is a shared responsibility. because, remember, if homeland security begins with hometown security, you can't just say that one federal department owns this issue. we are an integral part of this

issue, but all of us, all of us have important roles to play. so at the department, at d.h.s. we are constantly asking ourselves how can we do a better, smarter job of broadening the collective mission of protecting the homeland? and our answer is pretty straightforward. we seize every opportunity we can to build a bigger and stronger security team. we seize every opportunity we can to equip that team to succeed. so over the past two years that i've been secretary i have made one of my top priorities for us at the department at d.h.s. to get information, to get tools, and the get resources out of washington, d.c. and into the hands of people such as yourself, men and women serving

on the frontlines. so, for example, immediately after the attempted bombing on flight 253 to detroit last christmas, our intelligence and analysis branch worked with the f.b.i. and the i.c. to immediately get information out to fusion centers, to state, local, tribal, and territorial individuals, but also throughout the air industry as to what was going on and what we were learning even as we were uncovering the roots of that particular plot. it means that we are establishing in our fusion centers a grassroots anlitic capability across the country and all 70 plus fusion centers that enable state and local authorities to receive threat related information from the federal government and understand its local

implications. and i've been kind of a bear on this because i believe that our products have to be written in such a way that they can be operationalized, they can be put into effect on the ground, in communities, in our neighborhoods, on our streets. that they can be communicated to police officers of changes of watch, that they can be shared with fusion centers on an immediate real time basis. and so the i.c. function becomes less a washington, d.c. unique function but more a shared function across the united states. it means that we have been transforming our knowledge and our basis so that frontline enforcement and security personnel can work in partnership with members of the community to protect critical

infrastructure from violence, including terrorism-related violence. that means being more closely knit together in terms of identifying what that critical infrastructure is, where it is, how it is being protected now, what are some of the ways it needs to be protected, and making sure that everyone has access to those kinds of resources, that kind of granular, on-the-ground knowledge. and that you and your colleagues across the country, in fusion centers, at our borders, in major cities, and rural communities alike are all recognized as an essential part of our homeland security architecture. homeland security begins with hometown security. and that means that when we

think about the threats we are facing and where they are spread across the united states, and i just mentioned a few communities in these remarks. i mentioned portland, i mentioned colorado, i mentioned the d.c. area, i mentioned new york, i could mention many others. i could mention northern illinois, i could mention connecticut, i could mention other states in the pacific northwest, i could mention southern california, i could mention ohio, i could mention many of the communities that you come from. but i think you get the drift of what i am saying, which is that we face an ever evolving threat. we don't know where all the people are. we don't know who all the people are. the tactics being used are much more difficult to intercept. our work together therefore has to be more closely knit with each other. every single one of us has to

view ourselves as a full partner in the homeland security effort. so the homeland security architecture i am talking about, and the homeland security architecture we are building is one where we we've together our information sharingnetworks, our counter terrorism efforts, and our community policing strategies in a way that has never been done before. i am talking about leveraging the experience of local police in say nevada or florida who might spot a potential trend, let's say, for example, abnormal purchases of peroxide that could be used to be making exploseyoifs and share that with us so that we can combine it with analysis coming in from other parts of the country, say new jersey or new york, and

analyze and share it right back not just to the united states but to our allies as well. wherever it needs to be shared. so we are working very closely on that architecture. and one of the ways we are doing that is working closely with the bureau of justice assistance and others at d.o.j. to fully implement the nationwide suspicious activity reporting system or sar. now, as many of you know, the nationwide s.a.r. initiative creates a standard process for law enforcement and jurisdictions across the country to identify and report suspicious activity so it can be shared nationally to help us identify broader trends. currently, 24 jurisdictions

including 11 states are either fully operational or have initial operational capability under the s.a.r. initiative. at d.h.s. we are working very closely with our d.o.j. colleagues to expand s.a.r. to fusion centers, to transit police, and to other jurisdictions. and it's very important that we do so because s.a.r. is much more than just its name por tends, because under the training, the crick la for sar, how we train for it, how people are engaged in it, built into that training is how we have a nationwide s.a.r. process that includes and embraces privacy and civil liberties protections from the get go. so that organizations like the

aclu have been involved from the get go on how we do this in the right way, and so that what we are collecting is really useful stuff that needs to be followed up oimply willly nillly suspicious activity reporting but that is part and parcel of really having a strong homeland, hometown security architecture. this is very important because if we don't expand s.a.r. in the right way or deploy it in the right way, there will be those who justifiably seek to strike it down on the grounds that it is unfairly singling out particular individuals or group of individuals not based on tactics, techniques, and behavioral indicators but based on racial or ethnic characteristics. and, as we know, under our laws, that is unacceptable.

so s.a.r. has training designed to ensure that frontline law enforcement officers have the most up-to-date knowledge and including, as i said before, awareness of the latest trends, tactic, trade crafts that we are seeing nationally and internationally. and this helps us as it is deployed really to field that bigger team i spoke about earlier. so that we do have a broader set of trained professionals and a more expansive range of settings with greater awareness of the kinds of indicators associated with potential terrorist or criminal activity. the other thing we are doing is making sure that those of you in law enforcement get other types of information and tools that you can use. for example, we are producing and disseminating unclassified

case studies that examine recent incidents involving home-grown terrorism and nnls products and that we put them into something that you can then deploy and use for your own organizations benefits. so taking things that previously had been held at the highest classified level and putting them into a product that can then be shared on an educational basis. and we are undertaking a number of other steps to better engage and inform individuals and communities about what it is that we are doing. so over the summer i announced a series of new initiatives to support state and local law enforcement in identifying and reducing threats from violent crime and terrorism. these initiatives themselves came from recommendations of

homeland security advisory council. that council advises me it is chaired by the former head of the f.b.i. judge webster includes some of our finest community leaders and leaders in law enforcement, and it recommended that we adopt community oriented policing techniques as a starting point for dealing with potential terrorists here at home. and that our citizens, our community groups, and our small businesses all need to be a part of that effort. what does that mean? what that means is this. here is the question i asked. i said, what is the best way to counter violent extremism here at home? in d.c. they give it initials cve. what is the best way to do that here at home? and the answer that came back, and that i concur with, is that

we may not at d.h.s. as part of our role have the full capability to understand why it is that somebody would become a violent extremist, a terrorist, for example, but we know what works in terms of building bridges. >> we leave this program now to take you live to raleigh, north carolina, for the funeral of elizabeth edwards, wife of former senator and presidential candidate john edwards. she died on tuesday after a six-year battle with cancer. you're watching live coverage on c-span. >> 154 all hail the power of jesus name. ♪ ♪ ♪

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♪ >> and you may be seated. >> as we join our hearts in

prayer, i invite you to join our voices as well, as we pray together the congregational prayer, has found printed in your bulletin. let us pray. eternal god, we praise you for the great company of all of those who have finished their course in faith, and now rest from their labor. we praise you for those dear to us whom we named in our hearts before you. especially, we praise you for elizabeth when you have graciously received in your presence. to all of these, grant your peace. let perpetual light shine upon them, and help us believe where we have not seen that your presence may lead us through our years, and bring us, at last,

with them, to the joy of your home, not main -- not made with hands, but eternal in the heavens through jesus christ our lord, amen. throughout the ages, songs have brought comfort to people in their hours of grief. we find comfort in these words which are selected from the 27th psalm. it is written "the lord is my life, my salvation, whom shall i fear? the lord is a stronghold in my life, of whom shall i be afraid? my heart shall not fear. the war a rise against me, yet i will be confident. one thing that i asked of the war lord, that i will seek -- of

the war digit of the lord, -- of the lord, to behold the beauty of the lord and to aspire in his temple. he will hide me in his shelter, he will set me on a high rock. i believe i should see the good of the lord in the land of the living. wait for the lord. be strong. let your heart take courage. wait for the lord. and, from the 90th pslam, lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations, before the mountains were brought forth, from everlasting to everlasting, thou art god. for 1000 years, or as yesterday,

when it has passed, or as a watch in the night. there, like a dream, like grass that is renewed in the morning, it flourishes and it is renewed, and in the evening fades and withers. teach us that we might get a heart of wisdom. let thy work the manifest to the servants, and by a glorious power to their children. the favor of the lord, our god, the upon us, and established the work of our hands upon us. the work of our hands, and established the. this is the word of god, for us, the people of god. thanks be to god. amen.

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♪ ♪ >> the first moment i met a was a this is indelible in my memory. in the late summer of 1981, we

both landed unexpectedly in the same month-to-month complex in raleigh. we had twin sons, and they had wade. elizabeth was expecting daughter cate in a few months. she and i had just moved out of our first houses, houses that have felt like home. it is fair to say that i had less than a warm, fuzzy feeling, of leaving our home and landing in the uncertainty of an empty apartment. a wonderful thing happened to me that day. this amazing, outgoing, witty, smart, optimistic, and authentic elizabeth step into my

life and swept me into hers. she was the perfect antidote to my uncertainty and a need for order. she was an expert of living out of boxes, and looking on the bright side. that is how she grew up. the expected few months in the temporary apartment turned into many months, and misery loves company theme was full in force. we did not appreciate it at that time, but we were far from miserable. we formed an immediate bond, spending, as ours together, and we built the eighth french ship of 29 years that took us to places that -- a french ship of 29 years that took us to places neither of us could have imagined. when i think elizabeth, i still think of the same thing -- a spontaneous and optimistic presence, her gracious

hospitality, her embraced of all that is possible, her ability to get by and about four hours of sleep, her fairly intense competitive streak -- if you have ever been lured into a game of trivial pursuit, you know what i'm talking about. a nice friendly game? right. once, when i was traveling with her as a sort of sidekick on a political campaign in 2004, she brought along two copies of the same crossword puzzle book and greeted me with "would it be fun, hargrave, to have crossword speed competitions? great." above all, elizabeth was authentic. she was real. no pretense. no holding back.

if you knew her parents, particularly her father, you knew holding back was not in the gene pool. it is quite a tribute to her and the family in which she grew up with her parents, her sister nancy, and her brother jay, that after all of the years of public travel, the talk shows, the books, the speeches, the disappointments, and the accolades, elizabeth remain the same wonderfully authentic person -- a professional at staying true and looking at the bright side. one reason why elizabeth was so much fun to have as a friend was her interests were vast and varied. she knew so much about everything. her memory was incredible, thus the futility of playing hurt in any game that required the slightest bit of the intellectual dexterity.

she liked sports, particularly the tar heels, but not just the tar heels. again, in 2004, in a trip to ohio, and old friend of wade was our temporary trip director. his job was to make sure we stayed on schedule. this september day we were 20 minutes ahead. elizabeth hated being late, and alice, who was trying very hard to graduate from the role of friend of wade, was feeling good about himself, and was therefore on nurse when he was told that elizabeth had arranged a quick unscheduled stop at the pro football hall of fame. we were giving a 15-minute tour, and as we were leaving,

elizabeth stopped to get something for her son jack. as she shopped quickly, and she was an expert at that, too, she and the guy began discussing the 1981 rookie of the year. the young man referred to the winner by name, and elizabeth said "you are wrong. all elizabeth persisted. the 1981 rookie of the year was lawrence taylor. you check it out. i looked at ellis and the secret service. we shook our heads, and smiled, and in a few moments, the young man returned and said in know, ms. edwards, you are right. it was quintessential elizabeth. one of my favorite passages from the new testament is the birth from he brews about encountering people we do not know. st. paul tells us do not neglect

to show hospitality to strangers, for by doing that, some have entertained angels without knowing it. st. paul would surely use elizabeth as a grant examples of that advice, but truth be told, elizabeth never knew a stranger. in every new encounter, elizabeth recognized a new friend who warned her hea, as she seemed to warm theirs. it was my privilege to watch her embrace thousands of people she had never met, even protesters, who she often signed budget sought as a sign that she was making a difference. on one per acicular night where she was signing books for all along -- particular night where she was signing books for a long time, the line was around the store, and she was exhausted. i told her she needed to avoid long conversations where she would be there until midnight.

she scowled at me. did i mention she was quick to express negative emotions, too? [laughter] >> i will my eyes. i spotted a woman holding 15 books to be signed. as the woman placed the books on the table, she looked at elizabeth and said her six- month-old son had died a month earlier. she said the book had been of such comfort to her that she wanted one for each of her friends. elizabeth talked to her for a long while, carefully signed each book, and when the woman had moved on, elizabeth looked at me with a clear, piercing, smiling, unspoken message. did i mention she could be piercing? it was her pleasure and great gift to encounter the nameless stranger she saw on a daily

basis and call them by name. she asked about their family, and really wanted to know. she listened to their struggles and dreams, and really wanted to know about their struggles and their dreams. she did not leave them and forget. those she met, and their stories were etched in her heart and in that incredible memory. she truly loved for the angels in all of us. elizabeth loved christmas. she loved the decorations, and she had a lot of them. she loved baking christmas goodies, and her christmas parties on allegheny drive in raleigh are legendary. she loves the carroll, and the group sang along, and unlike many of us, she likes the scharping -- shopping side of christmas to. if she knew target and tj-maxx coast-to-coast. she has the most beautiful

christmas tree you could imagine. it was lovingly decorated by emma claire, jack, john and cate, by her future son-in-law trevor, friends, and family stopping by. if she had to leave us, no better time than the season one hope and promises overflowing. maybe the message is we will become fulfilled in life when we know who we are, and live through our genuine, authentic self. easier said than done. but, elizabeth most certainly did just that. she knew who she was. she never held back. she was without pretense, a pro at love in her family, had worn in the hearts of an budget of strangers, at looking -- a pro

at warming hearts of strangers, at looking at the bright side. i am so privileged to call her my friend. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> i wish, and i am certain you do as well that elizabeth was here to deliver this instead of

may. i have been at the house most of the week, and knowing elizabeth so well i have been looking for the notes, maybe general suggestions, but notes that i was certain i would find, and i would know how to think about this day and what to say, and look at the day how she would with honesty and without complaint. perhaps i will find the notes, but as the week wore on, and began to believe she saw the said metaphor. we must go on ourselves. no more late-night calls about a tough problem with our children. no more back rubs one week, but not she, were frightened about her latest diagnosis. no more calls into late-night clothes -- shows with people saying things she would not leave on corrected.

perhaps there were no notes, but there is a long friendship in the astonishing, beautiful work she left behind to get all of us. there is one advantage of me doing this instead of her. i can now do one thing she would never let me or anyone else to do before today. i can tell you a few stories that speak of her immense gifts, her bottom less energy, her sharp and breathtakingly wide intelligence, her on usual humor because she is not funny like groucho and harmful, but she was hugely funny. i have a huge -- a few stories about them, and as a shaky -- jackie mason might say, we know these are funny stories, and if you do not laugh, there is something wrong with you. icahn also said none of what she did publicly, -- i can also say

that none of what she did publicly, as a friend, has a professional, was fed by ego. i have never detected even a tiny dollop of ego. of that grand body of works, none of it came from he go. her mind was constantly clicking into the night, and that was enough reason to keep going. in september, 1974, i was at the usc law school contracts class. it was all too hard for me, and it seemed like they were in love with the tiniest of distinctions, much like astrology. the professors were doing them usual thing of calling on the water looked the most frightened. they would lead you on some awful journey.

then he called on elizabeth. would it be shallow of me to say that she was gorgeous? not law school good-looking, but big world, walked into the pole gorgeous. then became the inquisitions -- began the inquisition, but this time the student held for 10 alogical way for 20 minutes until the professor said in utter dejection "let me call on someone else before i could jump up and cheer, the woman said might i add one more thing? she said the policies, could have been different ones and case someone wanted to do that. she give umass on how that might

be. it encouraged -- she gave a few minutes on how that might be. if it encourages us all so much that maybe one day we would understand all of this stuff. it could be done. i still do not know what the class was, but i thought to myself when she was done speaking, i know who i am having lunch with today, and thus began one of the great french ships of my life, when that assisting meet -- friend ships in my life. i only hope i give back to her one one-hundredth of what she did to me. i am one example today. i know many of you could tell a story is similar to the ones i will relate. i once came home to hear one of my teenaged children on the phone. she was quiet on the phone, except to actually say "yes." then, she spoke for a long

while, and on and on the day when. i said on the couch in the next room, and just listened as if this were the songbird returning. 45 minutes later she hung up. i talked my head to one side, looked at my daughter, and she said oh, it was elizabeth -- "it was elizabeth. i have decided to take a cooking class." [applause] [laughter] [laughter] debt was 10 years ago. -- that was 10 years ago. m.o. was to get to the edge will person and see what might be done about it. here is the note i got from my daughter this week. she wrote elizabeth loves so

hugely and profoundly. she knew her way was not always the best way. it could exhaust her, but she had to go about it her way and be herself, even if it was tiring. i think about 10 hours we spent labeling baby clothes for reuse, should any of them decide to have children. why did she not just throw them in the band? the clothes were everywhere, but she had to do with her white, save every damn sock because she loved them so much. they teased her for it, but she had to do it. she grabbed onto life. she grabbed on to the people she loved and her beliefs, and would not let go. i have so much admiration for that. this is also a reminder to me of how good we need to be death to each other, and how seriously we

should take each other -- need to be to each other, and how seriously we should take each other. i do not mean live like it is our last day. live like it is important, like it means something right now. do not shy away. life is really heavy. it is supposed to be. the world can be an awful place, but it does not feel like that because of love. make you want to take a cooking class? elizabeth's family, and she was always making family. there is not a better word. i heard a great story this week from jennifer who was told to go to the edward's house in d.c., and bring something to elizabeth, who she had not met. she came down with a low-fat

yogurt, and as if she wanted one of these. it was the only thing she had in the house. then, she said do you want to come in? thus began one of the great french ships of jennifer's life. another story i heard was from christina ronald's of elizabeth sitting next to her and jennifer after elizabeth had told us all that the cancer had returned. she rubbed their backs to receive them, and said their shoes were nothing special, and it was a fine time to go to the of woods, and off they went. -- to go to the outlets, and off they went. at one of those meetings in new hampshire to pick the president of the united states, and all of that, elizabeth did her job, and

someone said you should debate laura bullish. she said she did not want to debate laura bush, but i would love to take a piece out of lynn cheney. [laughter] >> she came up every september to help cate moved into her room in princeton. elizabeth believes in hard work, not just showing up. i lived in princeton, and one year i came in a bit late, and she was sliding out from cate's bed. she had addressed in hand, labels still on it, and a serious look on her face. she said "yes you tell me you did not like this beautiful dress, but you did not tell me you through it under the bed." a speech to a was a bit was two minutes of speech, and one hour of questions. she always drilled on some many

topics. one time, at a packed gym in new hampshire, people rushed to her. some just wanted to touch her. when man said "i wanted to ask you how to handle north korea, but you did not call on me to tell the woman looked at her in a moment, and knowing she somehow had permission, put her head down on a list of the's shoulder and continued weeping. another man asked if we were related. he said he wanted the crime woman out of the stock is decrying woman out of the shot. she said you would have to wait a woman reach a moment. eventually, the woman had explained that her son had died. elizabeth asked what he was

like, and his name. she said his name out a lot out -- out loud. that is multi-tasking. those are the things she did during the days. she was a core sleeper. at night, she got on line for communities, bereaved parents, where she gave comfort to others. she made a decade-long friendship with one briefed parent. here's what she wrote about gordon. "i was blessed that i was able to grab hold of him and his unapologetic directness and his increasing compassion, and as sure as his words were, he did not preach or judge, he even went -- he illuminated where i stood, and then took the light so i could see the footholds and

alleges we would need to reclaim a productive life. she went on, i reach for his book when i need a voice that is stern, hopeful, but unwilling to proffer any guarantees, for he knows, as well as anyone could, that life will have its way with us, and all we can do is keep ourselves in alignment for the bumpy ride. he once wrote to me all i know his what i feel and what i hope. was a classic understatement. he also seems to know what i feel and hope, and what you hope, and which of those feelings and hopes are honest, and which are attainable. the reaction to the death of their son was to get rid of things that were dictated by habit alone, and jettisoned things whose sole comfort was ease and comfort. the things that mattered, there they won big and bigger.

they started the wade edwards learning lab for students have less advantages. they began to reach out, open up wider, began in the greatest act of all had two more children, emma claire and jack. there is some work on finish. i look to you, jack and emma claire, and say that although your mom as christmas covered this year, and probably a few years beyond, no worries there. jack and emma claire have their debt, and they adore, love, and trust him. he is a loving, attentive debt, and despite his grief, he is strong, and will take great care. you might know that elizabeth

day to wade's grave every until emma claire was born. she brought books, and read to him from the bible. she read anything she thought he would enjoy are needed to know. this is what she wrote about being there. "it was not just wave i talked to. i also spoke to oliver and gerald, young brothers who died each at two years, half a century before. and to robert, and molly, and betsy. i cleaned around wade like cleaning his room, since next to each child were the parents who died -- late next to them.

i carefully wash the dirt that had gathered in the words bad the engraved on his crotch -- that had been engraved on his cross. she worked with her hands, and love with her heart. here is the next paragraph. it does not matter to me whether all this sounds odd. i did it because it made it easier for me to think that there were mothers who would come after me and tend to wade's grave 1 i no longer could. easier to think that we were all in this together, that we formed a bond, these long dead mothers and die, and the mothers that would come later.

-- and i, and the mothers that would come later." go now, elizabeth, be with wade. it is then a decade and have since you have lost him. i'm sorry, but we need to say that allowed. she would have insisted on that. you know her. in no she should -- you should know she spoke of this often. other mothers and fathers will carry on your unfinished work and will look out for all of her and the others as well -- oliver and the others as well. we will all say your name out loud. we know what to do. you have prepared us well. rest easy now, a beloved friend, sweet, sweet elizabeth.

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>> our family was in this church almost 15 years ago to say goodbye to my brother wade. when i talk about what my mother wanted for her service, she said she wanted to be here, at edenton street, because it was so connected to us and them. back then, the shape of our family changed so tremendously, the one thing will remain true and that will never change, we are still a family, and that

wade and mom will always be a part of the family. the biggest difference is we do not have my mom to get help us get this -- through this. if she was a source of strength, wisdom, and grace. even an hour last -- her last days, she was comforting us, her family. when she could barely speak anymore, my dad and i sat at her bedside and held each of her hands. she kept looking at each of us and saying "i am ok." she was way more worried about costs than we were about her. there was one afternoon when she could not speak anymore at all, and i found myself crying, and tried to comfort her that we would be ok, and of course, she

ended up comforting me, reaching over and holding my hand, because that is who she was and that is what she did. she comforted us always, right up until the end of her life. hit was only a fraction of what my mom was to our family and who she was. as everyone has mentioned, she had an incredible sense of humor. she was feisty, and she was witty, and always had the ability to make fun of yourself, and laugh at herself. she was as smart as a whip, but never tried to hold that over anyone, unless she was right, and they were wrong. [laughter] >> the generosity and consideration for others is ingrained in every fiber of who she was. it never left her. it was a stench will and natural. during her cancer treatment, even the last week of her life, she always called her nurses and

caregivers by their first name. i asked how she remembered them all, and she said cate, what else am i going to call them? they see strangers all day, every day, it is so important that they know that i know who they are. she was a consistent source of wisdom for things big and small, for if you will almost always regret prints, but you never forget where in solids. [laughter] >> never married the first boy you did before dating someone else, because you would never try the first pair of shoes you try on. i have heard my mother described as full of life. i think it is true, but it is an enormous understatement.

everything she did to the fullest possible extent. i can think of 100 examples. i'm sure everyone here can too. her best example is the devotion to her children. she would do anything in the world to protect all of us, no matter what the personal cost was to her, and i know there are so many sacrifices she made that we will never know about. if that is why i was lucky to call her my mom. i am who i am today, and will be, whether it is i will be come in large part because she was my mom, and the same is true for jack and emma claire. if she has been a lighthouse for all of us, a point of the items when we feel lost. if she will always be that source of light to us, pointing in the right direction. every lesson that she has taught us becomes part of our fx -- all of the grace and strength sheet has shown it will hold us up a

-- she has shown will hold us up. every smile and hugged she gave us we will pass on to our own children. my greatest hope is that we will each honored by being the people she taught us to be, and that by doing that she will live on in each of us. as you can imagine, and as glenn mentioned, it was hard to think about what to say today because she is usually the one who tells me what to say, and also because there are not words that are good enough. i thought about what she would do, and what she would want, and as always, i knew she would want to be the one comforting us. i know some of you know this, but for many years my mother has been writing to her children a letter -- words of wisdom for when she passes away and we live on. i hope she does not mind, but i will read some of that to you.

she wrote it for us, her children, but i believe everyone here, and beyond, if she would consider it part of her family, and as part applies to all of you. i will try to get through, so bear with me. these are the words she wrote. "i have loved you in the best ways i've known how, i will limit my shortcomings for more than you know, for what i was blessed, you did not get all that you deserve from me. all i have said about life, i want you to know all i ever really needed was you -- your love, your presence, to make my love -- life complete. if you are complete joy to me. i hope you will always know that wherever i am, wherever you are. i have my arms wrapped around you. as some of you may know, we and every conversation with our mom by saying i love you more, and she always responded "no, i love

you more,"and as you can imagine none of us ever won that battle. today, i have the honor of being left to say mom, i really love you more. ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ amazing grace how sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me ♪

♪ now i have found ♪ i seeigh through many many days ♪

♪ it was grace i sent it was grace ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ i was blind

but now i see ♪ ♪ >> from the new testament we find these words of jesus in john's gospel, the 14th chapter. let not your hearts be troubled. believe in god, believe also in may. in my father's house are many rooms. hit it were not so, what i've told you that i go to prepare a place for you? when i go to prepare a place for you, i will come again, and take

for myself that where i am, you may be also. thomas said to him lord, we do not know where you are going. how can we know the way? jesus said to him i am the way, and the truth and the life, no one comes to the father but by me. if you would have known me, you wouldn't know my father also, henceforth you -- you would know my father also, henceforth you see him. let not your heart be troubled, neither let them be afraid. then, from romans, the eighth chapter, these words of the apostle paul, i consider that the sufferings of the present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us. we know that in everything god works for good with those who love him, who are called

according to his purpose. what then shall we say to this? if god is for us, who can be against us? who shall separate us from the love of god and christ, shall tribulation, the stress, famine, apparel, or sort? no, again all of these things we are more than conquerors. i am sure that neither and death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come the -- come, nor anything else in all creation will be able to separate us from the love of god in christ jesus, our lord. this is the word of god to the people of god. thanks be to god. let us pray. lord, in this quiet and holy moment, we put our trust in new.

-- in you. bless this family, strengthen them in their love for each other, and they they feel surrounded in this place by those who genuinely care. for jesus, it is in your name we pray, amen. sorry, onego -- i'm week ago, and john called me to say that elizabeth was critically ill. he said she had asked if i would conduct her funeral when that time came. i agreed without hesitation and told john that i would visit elizabeth on sunday afternoon. the next day, when my wife and i arrived we spent a few moments with john and cate, and then john let me in to see elizabeth. she was very weak, but fully aware of why was. after a few moments, john left

the room, leaving us along. i asked third if we could talk for a few moments about her faith, and she nodded yes. i reminded her that several years ago she had made a profession of faith in christ when she and her family joined this church. i said to her elizabeth, i want to ask you two basic questions of faith. first, do you except jesus christ as your lord and savior, and she looked at me with those beautiful, piercing blue eyes and said yes, sir. then i asked a second question -- do you want christ to forgive your sins and make you write with almighty god? her answer was stronger, yes, sir, i do. i said to her, as i have said two others over the years, elizabeth, not on my authority, but on the authority of holy

scripture, and in the name of jesus christ, you are forgiven, and you are made right with almighty god. we then prayed and i think to god for her life and for her life to come -- thank god for her life and her life to come. friends, that was a holy and precious time, especially so because i knew elizabeth edwards did not come to fit easily. are remembered visiting with her and john several times after candiddeath, and in a moment she expressed some of her doubts and also her hope that her beloved son was in the lord's care. john reminded me that of elizabeth had read the entire bible while visiting at wade's grave. in that same bible, the family in that same bible, the family found it