for his competitive resolve to be the best he could. and he became a columnist, a lecturer, a speaker, that come and 80 the talking head. he was also a husband, a father, and a grandfather. i am george broder, one of his sons it was his own father's watch. a depression era dentist from chicago who tended to his patients and could pave in trade or cash only when they could convince him they could afford it. here with us today, among his other items, his left hand return typewriter and a united states flag presented to our mother by the veterans

administration in recognition of his service in the u.s. army. on behalf of my mother, ann broder and my mother and our wives, and his seven grandchildren, and you all for being here today. thank you, mr. vice president for being here. thank you, distinguished guests, contacts and sources. [laughter] his colleagues and peers from the fourth estate and those of you, his loyal readers, for being here. thanks for your patience in waiting to get started. we hope you enjoyed the slide

show and the music of the trio. my father was active, engaged, relevance, and curious until the end. his last column ran on february 6. he left us on march 9. you would not have to be understood it and the truth is i do not really get. in the 24 hours after he died, he had more tweets than charlie sheen and princess kate's dress. not bad for an 81 year-old who hadhis thailand just =-- his challengers for the new wired world. thank you for laughing.

not because i am is a comedian, but because we want to have some laughs in the room. our family is grieving. we thank you for being here and for sharing that with us as well as the celebration of a long, full life. we regret that the circumstances in his last months prevented many of you from being able to visit with him. the family wants you to know that he was never in any great pain. the his last hours and days, he was at peace with himself and the decision that it was time to go. my father and my mother and our family understand and respect the place of faith in many people close allies, the strength and serenity that comes from this. we are not a religious family in

the conventional sense. we gather here today at the national press club at his direction. the cathedral to the high at the values and standards and goals of a profession to which he dedicated his long life. the brilliance and importance of the first amendment. a democratic society, the duty of the media on behalf of the people to ask hard questions ome to rest a bit, probe, -=- to investigate, probe the questions of the day. to deliver infuse about what was biased, straightia

forward way. the need to exercise this obligation with civility and respect for other americans and other nations. that is why we are at the national press club. those who speak today will share their insights into his life with this backdrop. our family is in debt it to each of them for agreeing to do this. let me say a couple of things about my childhood and adulthood as one of the sons of ann and david broder, a political activist and a political reporter. would you be surprised if i told you i majored in political science? i remember a sunday evening in 1968. family dinner going on, watching the black and white television as president johnson talked about vietnam. as the president spoke, my father realize where the speech was going.

he jumped up and shouted, he is not going to run, and bolted for the door. moments later, the phone rang. my mother answered. she assured the person, don't worry, he is already on the way. and hung up. in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grade, i had a paper route. "the washington post." the washing -- family connections had nothing to do with it. my brothers already had routes. when another one came available, i took it. when morning, i was so sick i could not deliver my papers. he rose to the occasion. following an address lists, he got the job done. it took so long, it was light out by the time he was finished. where done back to my mother within a few days. she said, i saw dave the other

morning. she writes the paper -- he writes the paper on monday and delivers it on tuesday. [laughter] as an adult, like many of you, i was always delighted to be able to talk public policy and politics with him. and to talk sports. he loved sports. especially baseball. moments talking with him -- i will miss talking to him about both. north teasing him about the chicago cubs or commiserating about the washington redskins. in recent years, i would not call it a tradition, but facing the countdown we were on, i made a point to call him on myself and whenever i was going to my first baseball game of the year. walking in san francisco, usually with a cigar and a good

friend, i would tell him who was pitching. we are playing the rockies. he would tell me, have fun. i wish i was with you. i am going to miss making that call this year. before the first eulogy, we want to find -- show a video of our father. he is talking about two of his favorite topics. from three years ago, 2008. we think you will enjoy it for the same reason we do. it shows what he loved and how he was still at it, his 13th presidential campaign. decades and decades on the beach

and not a cynical bone in his body. let's watch. >> i have a lot of memories of talking to voters here and across the country. one of my favorite experiences in reverse was being run off of a property by a man who came out with two large dogs and made it clear that if i did not clear out of there pretty fast, he was going to let those dogs all of their lease. -- off of their leash. in new hampshire, the people are really into it. >> the first campaign i work for was one i was a senior in high school. i worked for jfk.

>> you see more campaign signs in this state than in any other place i have ever been. the people really feel committed to the candidates they are supporting. that level of energy that comes straight from the people is what makes new hampshire politics really wonderful. >> i am pleased to introduce our first eulogy. staying with baseball, we have a grand slam lineup. staying with the news room, where my father spent so many times of his life on the road. he has the same initials as our father, db. he has become a good friend of our family along the way.

he is from the fifth floor of "the washington post." >> thank you, george. and the other members of the family you are here, mr. vice president, distinguished guests, friends, colleagues, we are here to pay tribute to one of journalism's giants. david broder was a political reporter without peer. he was one of the most decent human beings anybody could ever work with. we mourn his passing. his life of in richmond and accomplishment can be an inspiration -- his lack of enrichment -- life of enrichment

and accomplishment can be an inspiration to us all. it was a special bond that i watched over the years and long terrorists. -- long cherished. in 1980, they managed to miss read the television listings and missed the opening of a debate. they managed to scramble and cover the debate adequately. but we never trusted them after that. whether his own generation or subsequent to rations, dave was always special. -- or subsequent generations, dave was always special. he brought keen insight, fairness, seriousness of purpose

and true humility. he was a reporter's reported. he may have -- reporter's reporter. he never thought of himself as a punishmendit. he never thought he had all the answers. he knew answers and insight grew out of reporting. he believed elections belonged to the voters. many reporters pay lip service to this idea. but you did it as dave did it, carefully, methodically, completely. he would strolled up and down streets and went into living rooms. he learned he hopes and fears. most of all, he respected their opinions. this is not the easiest of work,

but dave never tired of it. i remember one summer, he decided the two of us need to go around the country. we would start at the national governors' association meeting. from there, we would go to different states where we would do a number of days of door knocking. that would have been enough for me. but not for dave. he declared that at the end of the week, we would meet up at the national conference of state legislatures meeting. i was more than exhausted by the time that week ended, but dave was still full of vinegar. a friend suggested that we would ask everyone here to volunteer to days of door knocking in a battleground states. the assignments would be to shoot it on the way out after the service. another thing that sets david apart was his ability to stay focused on what was important.

he loved a tough and gripping campaign. he also believes that once the campaign ended, politicians had a responsibility to do what they could to solve the country's problems. he hated the lawlessness in politicians. he believed journalism was an integral part of a democratic society. he believed a good done linsin system held -- good journalism made the machinery of democracy work. he taught by example and he made certain that all other reporters had the space and the encouragement to flourish and expand their own horizons. ask anyone who has covered politics at "the washington

post"when he was there and they will tell you the same. he could always tell when we were not measuring up to his exacting standards. he has the look. no one liked it when the look was directed at them. i first experienced in 1968 as a college senior. i was interviewing david as a class project. he looked at me and only the way david broder could. he said, what do these questions have to do with your topic? [laughter] once i pulled myself off of the floor, broder-like, he gently helped me figure out how to refocus my province to do it right. he was always generous. he played legman our colleagues

who were on their first campaign. he shared information with colleagues, including those he barely knew. david loves more than his work, his wife of 50 years. as well, his children, his grandchildren. he loved the chicago cubs. he loved the theater. he loved the gridiron club. he contributed so many songs and jokes over the years. he was a straight arrow in the best sense. he was not always all business all the time. i remember the opening night of the 1980 republican convention in detroit. those were calmer days, as you can imagine. we had a little extra time before the opening session. i was invited to join him for dinner. the dining room at the hotel

was packed and noisy and filled with delegates and reporters. here were musicians' pay -- play -- musicians play in the background. as we were selling our bill, he looked back at the musicians -- as we were selling our bill, he looked back at the musicians. he said, my head tells me to go back to the convention, but my feet want to stay here and boogie. [laughter] this is a part of david you probably have never seen. david kept the messiest office in the room. driving with him could be an adventure. he could be sometimes technologically challenged. where that was when we were on the road together and he was struggling to file a story on deadline, our political editor

would say, can you just go to his room, since the story? it was always clear who is a story she prized most. none of this load david down. he kept at it with an intensity and pace of someone half his age and far longer than any of us would have tried. he was still out there at age 81 making his rounds. he did it despite a delayed and a body that was giving out on him. he wanted to see and hear for himself what was happening in that campaign. he had an indomitable spirit. he is gone and we all miss him terribly. he leaves an extraordinary legacy, one that in bodies of values that we can appreciate at this time. he is irreplaceable.

i have said this before and i want to see it -- say it again. i cannot imagine there will ever be another political reporter like him or a cocolleague for which people have so much respect. goodbye, friend. may you rest in peace. >> thank you for that beautiful tribute. good afternoon, everyone. i am matt broder. third son.d dave's one of my father's traits that came through repeatedly in the public testimonials after he died was his willingness to help younger reporters. with characteristic modesty, he said his advice was free and it

was worth what you paid for it. but the people on the receiving end of that advice knew better. in that spirit, you also going to offer a little advice this morning, this afternoon, to all the young reporters who are out there wondering, how do i get to be a big-time pundit in the competitive world of done alyssum? 401 do i get to appearances on "meet the press." i have the answer. practice. on your children, on your young children. i offer as evidence the contents of an old postcard i discovered some time ago by rummaging through a box in the attic of

the family's summer home in michigan. postcard my family sent to me in 1964. i will do the math for you. he was 34-years old. -- 34 years old. i was 5 years old. the postcard was somewhere in texas, houston, i think. dear matthew, the postcard began. do you like these puppies? these puppies are sad. do you know why they are sad they are sad because they lost their oil depletion allowance. [laughter] love, dave.

[laughter] i will mention for only a moment the ridiculous situation this but my mother in. even a university of chicago education does not prepare you to prepare -- does not prepare you to explain the oil depletion allowance to a kindergartner. this postcard explains why my father wrote eight books on politics and not a single book on parenting. all kidding aside, this story provides an important insight an david broder. he experience like the one lens only. a postcard to a child was a chance to dwell on tax policy.

a another trip with my brother prompted a column about the attention span of the electorate. there were trespass that my father used not really too -- there were trips that my father used not to relax, but to muse on the bar mental policies of the reagan administration or -- news on the environmental policies of the reagan administration. even on vacation, my father would steer the conversation is back to politics. there are times when this habit becomes a no win. -- when this habit becomes annoying. it was not one of his in gearing quirks, but what did find him and was the reason for his

infectious happiness for being alive. when you see the world as one big classroom where you can learn something astonishing every day, every day brings a new source of joy. for that lesson, i say to my father, thank you. speaking of luck -- speaking of young bird journalists, have the pleasure of introducing a journalist from the generation who came after him. david had a big heart for anyone with a note pad. he loved you colleagues more than he loved gwen. her intelligence and insight or out is to my father even before they became colleagues. insight were obvious to my father even before they became

colleagues. he faithfully watch her show on the weeks when he did not appear as a guest. the entire broder family is grateful to her for agreeing to deliver a eulogy today. we can think of no more fitting journalist from the next generation to do so. gwen? >> ok. that was hard. thank you, matt. thank you to all of the broders. thank you for allowing me to speak here today and for allowing us to borrow david for so many years. he was special to us as he was for many in this room. he inspired us to cover politics in a matter that went deeper

than personalities. he was a mentor who made the time and had the time for younger reporters. he was a friend even when he was beating you on a story worth telling it better than you ever could. over the past few weeks, i have been trading story with a number of other journalists looking for nuggets and anecdotes. i should not be surprised that in the end, everyone seems to repeat the same version of exactly the same story, always using words like generosity, excellence, and modesty. uncommon decency, one reporter wrote. i was one of the legion who looked up to him and stunned that he never looked down on me or even never noticed me standing there were shipping him.

i often got to be the one to run interference between political -- interference on political debates. i was proud that before they could spend david -- spin david, they had to get past the first. there reminiscences in the post and other newspapers and even in the mormon times, for some reason. the davis always that everyone would tell with sound like this -- you have to imagine it said in unison. i first met david broder when i was a great reporter out covering mine same camp -- covering my first campaign. i did not know how to sleep on the plane or how to oppose the

proper question or whether to force my way into a compensation or how to meet my crazy deadline or how to just get the legal right. then the story continues, david broder introduced himself to me out of the blue, or he advise me how to preserve my energy, or he handed me his all reporting to help complete my story, or he pointed out what the news was so i could put it into the first sentence. [laughter] if you were lucky, he would take you out to knock on doors or to join him for a candidate's interview. collectively, we were awed by the great man's and grateful for the lesson -- awed by the great man and grateful for the lessons

he told us. it was never an agenda. in 2006 when i took it into my head to write a book about the new generation of african american leaders to come of age, the first thing my editor sent me was a paperback copy of the book david wrote in 1980 about a new generation of leaders coming of age. nearly 30 years later, david was among the nicest -- dave's was among the nicest reviews i received. when he traveled with washington week on the road, we went to buy what university and i got to see what a rock star he truly was. -- we went to the university of iowa and i got to see what a rock star he was. it where politics is discussed,

he is still a rock star. david sat around the table, as of times on meet the press and washington week. -- sat around the table hundreds of times on meet the press and washington week. when he talks to governors and presidents, the county chairman and voters, they knew he was a person they could trust to tell their story. he taught me that the best interviews are almost always those done with someone you have never heard of. maybe like these low-key types because he was low-key himself. he refused to toot his own horn. he may have been an egomaniac behind closed doors, but we never saw it. he wrote a story about what he got wrong. he recognized the work in our

profession. he taught us about that, too. he knew how easily the press could be delayed by politicians who knew how. -- how politicians could be manipulated by politicians. he taught those of us who came up behind him how to work hard, how to appreciate authenticity, how to play nice with others, and always how to remember to take a poke at yourself. i will leave you with one story about david that i love. richard nixon credited david with being one of the few people who knew in advance that he was picked spiro agnew as his eyes presidential nominee.

david said the story was not exactly true. he did not know. what really bothers him about it was that is inaccurate little detail lighter by him. he wrote, how would you like to have on your tombstone, he knew it would be spiro agnew? [laughter] no worries, david. no worries. >> thank you, gwen. that was an amazing and wonderful tribute. it is my pleasure to introduce michael ryan. solist.n accomplished so west

many of you may know him from the gridiron club. he has given thousands of performances, including many at the white house, at ronald andan's second nomination countless other venues. he was a frequent collaborator with my thought in the annual gridiron dinner. he takes great pleasure in combining his lover of music with his sense of humor and his deep knowledge of current events and political knowledge. he enjoyed working with michael and always marveled at his ability to carry the less musically inclined on his shoulders. most importantly, he valued michael as a friend. that is why we have asked him to

lead us in singing a song by father loved to sing at wrigley field. ladies and gentlemen, michael ryan. >> ladies and gentlemen, you know what is coming now. as george said earlier, this is a celebration. in that spirit, i will ask you to turn to the back page of your program where you will find the words to "take me out to the ball game" as sung at wrigley field in chicago. today, we are all chicago cubs fans. i will ask you to stand and sing with me. since it is such a short song, we will sing it twice.

[singing "take me out to the ballgame] e"] >> now we have to sing it with real gusto. [singing "take me out to the ballgame"]

>> good job. [applause] >> thank you. >> wow. thank you, michael. back was truly wonderful. my name is mike broder. i would like to quote my nephew. when he was walking to school on his first day of kindergarten, he looked up at first father's eyes and said, i am more nervous than i look.

dave, i hope you know how i am feeling right now. [laughter] over these past four weeks, we have all been experiencing a public wake of the wing dave's death.owing dave's we have heard stories that includes some act of kindness or humility by david. growing up in our household, we never heard dave say, today i help so was so with his or her career. he was not that into himself. we were far more likely to have her father -- our father wants to talk about detente, senate race in some midwestern state or how some former chicago cubs

player has put together back-to- back all-star seasons since leaving chicago. as we have all seen in the outpouring of remembrances, david was a good friend to a lot of people. he was my father and he was my friend. here are a few things i remember about my father. he was humorous, playful, with a sly wit. he was also a fan of watching his sons or grandchildren play sports or perform on stage, even though his work schedule did not allow him to attend as many of those events as he would like. i remember him having a particular fondness for going down to the potomac river and watching the three of us compete in crew racing. he could relax in some comfortable clothes and the outside. to be honest, the crew was not

the best spectator sport. the races were 1 mile long and not easily observed from the spectator area. dave would not be deterred. during my high-school years, he would walk back across the bridge to the virginia side and scramble of the virginia river side so he could get a better vantage point on the earlier part of the races. needless to say, he was the only spectator watching from the virginia woods. all of us in the boat could easily see him in the foliage. not just because he was shouting loudly, but because he was wearing bright, fire engine red pants. [laughter]

when we returned to the dock, others would ask and i would answer, yes, that is my father in the red pant. what i admired -- the red pants. what i admired about my father was his ability to be in the moment. my government teacher was a big fan of dave's. he and i cooked up an idea. he would take one of the short paper assignments that she gave me and he would write the paper for me to submit. as we expected, she came back to me a couple days after i had turned it in and said, this is a good paper. but it is not written in your normal style. i think there are a few parts you need to be right -- to rewrite.

i will never forget the look on her face when i told her who had actually written it. it was fired. that years ago, -- it was frightful. four years ago, dave agreed to be interviewed by my daughter on a paper she was writing. the topic, how life has been affected by the typewriter. i remember how gentle and serious he was about asking questions -- about answering questions about how he learned to type, did he use different typewriters, and what was the most important stories he had written on a typewriter. more recently, he agreed to take some time off of the 2008 presidential election to join my daughter's seventh grade class.

he told them a little bit about his job and answer questions like, it is hard to write a newspaper story every day and, you met barack obama or sarah palin? his answers were thoughtful and constructive in a way that helped the students gain perspective in how important presidential elections are. i count my self lucky to have had dave as my father and my friend. my father made many important decisions in his life. one of the best was to align himself to the grand family and the washington post. in the weeks leading up to dave people reach out to me to express their thoughts and best wishes.

don was one of those people. i gained an appreciation of those times. since his passing, don has done so many days to help our family during this difficult time, including being today to deliver his own eulogy. ladies and gentlemen, chairman and chief executive officer of "the washington post" company, don graham. >> mike, thank you so much. we all love and my you and we know you are the greatest part of the story. mr. vice president, members of the broder family, distinguished guests, ink-stained wretches and

the rest. [laughter] the year was 1964. catherine had gone on the campaign trail to see how her reporters covered campaigns. she was with the best reporter at "the washington post." a man she did not know what up. the other reporters said, this is david broder, the best in the business. this was 1964. david was already covering his second presidential campaign. exactly one member of today's house of representatives, john dingell of michigan, and one member of today's senate, the

member from hawaii, were in office in 1964. president obama was 3 years old. vice president biden was at the university of delaware where, according to his biography, he was more interested in sports and socializing that in studying. [laughter] more than 40 years later, david broder would still be introduced by his rivals as the best in the business. except it would have been superfluous. his longevity is amazing. it was not the most important part of his story. when someone dies who has been so important to so many of us, it seems to me a good moment to say, why? what made him so special at what he did?

dave knew exactly what he wanted to be. he was a member of the crazy class of people called reporters. they are as smart as their college classmates who go into law or banking our business. they understand they will not get rich as reporters. they want to ask questions. they want to find things out. they cannot explain why they do want to do what they do. they love it. there college life revolves not around the fraternity or the classroom or the library, but around the college newspaper. i do not know the other members of the university of chicago class of 1947. i would make a bet that david was not the wealthiest. in his working life, i would bet he was pretty close to the happiest. second among reporters, david

was one of the lucky ones who absolutely fell in love with his subject. he never wanted to do one thing in the world but right about american politics. he believed that elections and the work of elected officials was important and he wanted to describe them as fairly and as accurately as he could. robert frost said it perfectly, my object in living is to unite my application and my -- my avocation and my vocation. david was the best colleagues in the world. i remember having dinner with someone who had just joined the staff as a reporter. he had gone to the governors' association meeting and had had a hard time describing it. david broder introduced him to dozens of sources with the kind

of praise as a reporter that would make them his sources as well. in 1972, it was written in "the boys on the bus," while the other reporters hoarded stories, broder shared the goods. he told kurt, you better go out there and knock on doors. it is not there for muskie. his judgment was superb. i was publisher of "the washington post" for 21 years. david bradley is here with us. his one sentence summary of david's contribution to the post was always the same. he put us on the map.

in addition, each time there was a major problem at the newspaper, i would walk into david's office for advice. not an easy feat in itself as some of you may recall. [laughter] broder's advice was always good. at the time of the janet cooke disaster in 1981, he began, if the beat reporters are all right, the paper will be all right. when the paper had to face up to a problem, his advice was the first sought. what else can be said of david dimbleby was at the coat in a most straitlaced way. he was old fashioned before it was in -- which can be said of david?

he was old fashioned in a straight laced way. no one was more meticulous about correcting himself, even devoted a column at the end of the year to that purpose. he always had a little time. if you had business with david, he liked it done with dispatch. he worked in comparably hard. in his last illness, he told his send the kids that he was ready to resume his column -- he told his syndicate that he was ready to resume his column. the director of the syndicate said, do want a week. he loved it. if you took us back to our college newspaper days, we dream of being true to our ideals for

a lifetime, of remaining dedicated to our craft, being the best in the business. whatever our shortcomings come we could look across the room at someone who had done just that. to go back to that long ago introduction in 1964, what a tiny handful of people in any profession in the world are the universally acknowledged that in the business? what a tiny handful are exemplary in behavior, the most decent, the most generous, the most honorable to friends, family, and colleagues? how many people are in both tiny handfuls? how lucky we were to know david broder.

>> thank you, don, for capturing the essence of our father so beautifully and so succinctly. let me also think been bradley for inviting my father to the -- ben bradley for inviting my thought the to the party, a party enjoyed for 40 years. thank you. when i was about the age my nine year-old is, my father took us to the capitol for a civics lesson in the long legislative process. the senate is not in session, but the gallery is crowded with tourists. our city in the upholstered chairs in the front row. our father is in front of us sitting against the railing.

he gives us a detailed, clear, orientation on the process of the senate, the committee system, the debates and the inefficiency of the body. he ended by saying that even if a bill passes the senate, it is not a lot. the next up occurs in the house of representatives. we will go there now. -- the next step occurs in the house of representatives. we will go there now. [laughter] my father stood up, the three of us stood up, and about 15 tourists stood up. [laughter] they overheard his little lecture and had sat down quietly behind us and listened in. he gave each of them is david broder handshake and we all

headed over to the house of representatives. i felt so proud of my father in that moment. if i had any of the president's knowledgeny of the p that my father had come i would know that it has been a mixed bag. even as a kid, it was hard to begrudge my father his work life. he just loved reporting so much. he was obviously having such a great time. as an adult, i could just marvel at the comparison between how he wanted to spend his time and

how he actually spent his time. he wanted to observe the politics of america. he started working on what would be as close as he would come to a memoir. it would be about his experience of the great personalities in washington. his lyndon johnson, his tip o'neill, is ted kennedy. my wife has done creative workshops with older people. through her, i understand that this tendency to look that and sort through memories is an inevitable process of a healthy human being. so our father, his health failing, began to look back. then came the 2008 presidential election. he lost all interest in his book, lost all interest in his memories and got right back to today and how today would affect tomorrow. i wish he had finished that

book. but i loved my father's embrace of today. i am so happy for him that he lived long enough to cover a presidential election that he found even more thrilling than his first in 1960. that passion for politics and policy supported him through this dynamic two years of the obama administration. it supported him through his last weeks among us. with days left to live, our father lost interest in politics. he no longer wanted articles read to him about failed parliamentary procedures in the wisconsin state house. he joined the other 99.99% of the population. but when david broder loses interest in politics, what is left? i will tell you, a manifest

adoration and gratitude toward our mother. beyond that, lying in his hospital bed waiting for death, our father was to ever one family, friends, kind, good humored, solicitous, appreciative, gentle. 50 years ago in the senate gallery, what do those tourists to david broder was his expertise. had orderly's, nurses, doctors stopping -- orderlies, nurses, doctors, stopping by his bedside was his decency.

that simple humanity that so many people here love in our father, david witnessed in our final speaker here today. on the occasion of senator biden retiring from the senate, he wrote, "they were political activists in the presidential candidate would love to recruit. he closeted himself or close to an hour with a stranger in pain. the men had broken down while telling biden he had a fatal disease, aids. the treatment would leave his family bankrupt. what kind of society would leave this kind of pain? when i saw the man late in the

meeting, he seemed comalmer. that compassion deserves to be noticed. than 4000 columns in the polls, he mentioned joe biden many times. it was not always so generous. he said he preferred to fudge the issue then give a straight answer. he'll mired his highroad contributions for the public congress -- he admired his hired contributions for the public conversation on iraq. and his bipartisan collaboration with senator richard lugar. and always, dave, appreciated straight talk.

in 2008, "if obama is honest and sane, he wants a vice-president who is director and will not worry about offending the president, he has found the right man, "he wrote. on behalf of his family, i am honored to welcome the vice- president of the united states, joseph biden. >> as you walk off the stage, is used true. the words were not so generous, but accurate. always accurate. [laughter] god thano higher truth, said mahatma gandhi. i think that david broder shared that view. josh, thank you for that introduction.

let me say that you and the voices and the whole family -- and the boys and the whole family, i am deeply honored to be invited today. i am perhaps the most out of place person in this room, not just someone who worked with david broder but one of whom many otherte among people. he would say, boys, you have a good blood. i want you to know that i am fully aware that this task is beyond my capacity to find the words to do justice to what your husband, your father, your grandfather meant to our

institutions and those things that ensure our democracy persists. from my perspective, and with a totally different perspective from all the other speakers, david broder live the life that was full and complete. my dad would say it was a lucky man who got up in the morning, put both feet on the floor, know what they are about to do, and thinks it still matters. there are very few men or women that i have met in my career, any acquaintance i have had, that have been able, at 81 years of age, to know that it still mattered and it mattered to them. career, ands entire

i do not know his post-career or previous to his career, seemed to me to be spent ceaselessly and elegantly in pursuit of the truth. that isn't often difficult commodity to define in this time -- that is often a commodity difficult to define in this town. mine was a different relationship. i speak from the vantage point of one among many who dave reported on, observe, and commented on. i, as well as many others, can tell you that i not only did mired him, but i learn from him. i was saying earlier -- i was not going to say this, but this has been so personal that this would be perfect -- i have had

the pleasure of meeting reporters who have covered me in bits and pieces and more. many have admired. -- many i have a admired. but there has never been a person who has covered me for whom i cared not what they wrote about me -- i always cared about what they wrote about me -- [laughter] any politician who tells you otherwise is lying to you. but i cared what he thought about me. it mattered to me, chris, what he thought about me. also, every time he wrote, whether it was about "my promise" or my shortcomings, i can tell you that i learned something. i learned more about myself.

i took it seriously. i still have on my wall at home in my library, which my wife and frame, that story marking the end of an embarrassing campaign in 1987. i also learned, like tens of millions of americans, more about my country reading david broder, listening to david broder. his observations about our country, our government, and the political figures he covered were straightforward and, from my perspective, always unvarnished. he was different. he was different then every other press person i have ever met.

i call his undertakings, and all undertakings in all professions, there are some who tower above the others, whether it is in baseball or in politics or in business or in journalism. he was a towering figure. and he was not only recognized by his peers and his fellow journalists. he was recognized by those of us who were on the other side or in the notebook. he was a towering figure. you did not have to know that or had enoughitzer pe literary awards to fill up my office in the west wing. you just knew. you understood. it was obvious. in a town full of monuments, david broder stood tall.

if you will forgive me as a politician commenting on the profession of journalism, he stood tall as a monument to journalism. he was fair. he was fearless. in the pursuit of both truth and justice. he was anchored. the phrase has become very popular. but he knew who he was. he knew what he believed. and yet, an uncanny ability to get to the essence of the person he was covering. he referenced the story about the chicago meeting in the 1987 campaign. again, and what amazes me to the very end was that he would get on a plane, get into an automobile, and drive to places

and do things and interview people who i do not think anybody else thought was worth interviewing or traveling to. he was a guy who, it seems to me, was always clear ride and analytical, who thought it was necessary to observe the details himself, to feel it, to tighten it, to get his own assessment, to taste it. he was doing that, as the family knows and all of you know, when u.s. 80 years old. i should of been places in the last campaign and fought, "why it in the hell? why did he show up here? i did not even know why i was here?" [laughter] he skeptic without being a cynic.

even though he seemed to have very little faith in the grand solutions offering by -- offered but various political figures, he did have faith in the strength and purpose of our institutions, both governmental and non-governmental, faith that they were the vehicles that could guarantee the promise of our constitution and protect our very essence and deliver the kind of government that people really deserve. you hear the expression all the time that we are a government of laws and not of men. david broder knew that individuals could make a big difference. but institutions are would have made so different from every other country. -- are what have made us so different from every other

country. it always amazes me that a man of his stature would seem to pay some attention and seem to be -- a so much attention in what would seem to be such inconsequential details in covering a campaign or analyzing why government is or is not functioning as it should be at the moment. it is not unusual, it seemed to me, that he covered everyone of us. is one of the few guys or women that, when they covered you, you were quite sure there would be nothing going that would be going. but you were also sure that what ever he wrote would be

reflective of the essence of who you were, even if he exposed your works, which he did -- your warts, which you did. he d been set to his readers. -- he gave it insight to his readers. he covered washington with my observation of 30 years, no malice, no sentimentality, and no excuses. as has been mentioned many times, he was always fair and occasionally hopeful. and just as he made me and my colleagues look at ourselves -- and introspection is not something that most of us have -- he did it so well. he had a great devotion to

voters, but he was also tough on the voters when he analyzed that they failed to step up to their responsibilities. his intellect, his prodigious talent, his the nativity as well as his discipline -- his objectivity as well as his discipline were not only admirable, but they seemed to be the standard to which aspiring journalist should repair. emerson once wrote "an institution is little more than the landed shadow of a man." david brodie cast a very long shadow and donation will be in the lucky as the next

generation produces a wonder more david broders casting their own shadows over the next generation. beauty, butt always prett under always is wrote nadine mortimer. hunter was insatiable. i learned more about him -- the hunger was insatiable. i learned more about him today than i had known before. he had a standard that the profession of journalism would be well to recalibrate and look at what made him what he was as well as those of us who are

covered by the press to have the humility of knowing that there are some of you, if not a lot of you, who cover us to have more insight into who we are then sometimes we do. may he rest in peace. >> hello, again. thank you, mr. vice president. thank you for honoring him, honoring the family, honoring everybody here by speaking so honestly. and speaking on behalf, as you did of those who were in that reporter's notebook. thank you very much. as we conclude, i think all of you again on behalf of the family for helping us say farewell and celebrate the life

of our father, our grandfather david s. broder. our father was a patriot in the truest sense of the word. to end this service, we have asked michael ryan to lead us in the singing of "god bless america." following the song, please remain for a few moments in the ballroom as our family and the vice-president leave the room. a reception will begin shortly on this floor on the other side of the building. please wait for the was of god and the secret service to alert you to leave the room. once the family leaves, we will visit with you soon across the hall. we know many of you have to get back to work running this country.

those of you who can stay, we look forward to visiting with you and hearing your stories. be sure to sign one of the guest books. on behalf of our family, thank you very much for being here today. michael. stand once again. this time, we will sing "god bless america." ♪ god bless america ♪ land that i loved -- standehind it beside her and guide her ♪ through the night with a light from above ♪ from the mountains to the prairie ♪ to the notion white with foam ♪ god bless america ♪ my home sweet home

americaess ♪ my home sweet home [applause]

[captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011]

>> today, a look at a public officials can go ethics. that begins at 2:30 p.m. eastern here on c-span.

>> we recently stopped in our nation's capital guest: 4 visit at the national cathedral. a sculpture is been made the rosa parks that will soon be unveiled to the public. >> i was not at first. >> i think it looks great. >> i just could not remember, you know, if this proportion is correct. >> at the front entryway, the porch of the gateway door to the left is the porch. the figures featured their have figured in human rights here or

in the world. they are blocks of stone at the bottom of a gothic arch so that come at the top of the columns, there is the block and then the art begins. it is a classic architectural piece. the stone has been there since it was placed there 100 years ago. now have they decided -- now they have decided which should go there artistically mother teresa and rosa parks. they have the sculptures approved by the committees. >> then we collaborate putting it on the wall, how to get this sculpture he did, how to integrate it into the fabric of the building.

this helps me do work. it gives me a ratio of proportion on this side. >> i got to see a little bit of a head start. i get a sneak peek online. they have a camera that takes pictures. i got to see the progression. to see the progress and ask questions on what they have on issues that we missed -- there could be some pieces that made mistakes on my and that are entirely possible for there are things were things just do not work out ridright. he has done the basic carving. he knocked out to the outer stone and left a great tight ship that is close to what is there. then it is a question of trying to fill in the little details and cuts.

he is asking me for details on things i did not do or areas and a problematic. it is that kind of give-and-take that happened today. for me, it is just the effort to help him in the tough part of cutting the stone. >> rosa parks is known by the photograph of her on the bus. she is the a comic figure where she is posed in sitting to our right. it turns out that i can do that by placing your on the left side and have heard generally in the public view. so the hope was to choose an angle that was recognizable to the public. that gave me the sight of her hair and her hat. it made it a challenge to get the shape and form. >> literally, it was shawn carver that gave me a three-d

head that i plead with every single day and i was able to make out of clay. he has to reproduce what i do, but out of this rally masses down. you can just add an extra piece because you want air to extend this far or have to go this far. it is very limiting. >> i was fascinated as a kid to seek a plaster masterworks. you see the dots and i wondered what they were paired for someone like me, their points of reference so you can translate and transfer to the other stone. >> is a three-dimensional mapping 4. all these points -- it is a

three-dimensional mapping tool. all these points are for reference. it is up to the car how many points he needs for reference. i take a lot. it is a face that is recognizable. you need it to to be accurate. i want to be faithful to his style and his work. i do not want is to look like my work. i want it to look like his. no matter how good my eyes, it will not be accurate. >> this one back here marks the deaths and the lengths of this

piece -- marks the depths and the lengths of this piece. >> this is my depth gauge. this is in relation to the model of the stone on a wall. once something is satisfied and is to the part where it needs to be -- >> sure. >> from start to finish, how long does this project take? >> it will be a little less than two months. yes. it is hard to judge. i'm not on it all the time. i have other tasks around the building to do. if i were in a workshop doing this straight through, it would probably take about five weeks

working straight through. it would be a 40-hour work week. >> i do not know who has the harder job. >> the detail work is kind of hard to get some times. if it perhaps takes a while to solve. but in another week and a half, it it will be what it should be. one thing i caught was the chin. in profile, you would not see it much. it seems to be much more delicate or needing to be more delicate. it is looking good, though.

>> today, and general bush hager, daughter of -- today, gen the bush hager, daughter of president george w. bush begins at 4:00 p.m. eastern here on c- span. >> now a symposium on ethics in america. panels explore how public officials handle ethical issues from the intent of the founders of the constitution to e-mails by today's public officials. stephen for talks about how his father, president gerald ford, dealt with the dilemma of pardoning president nixon after the watergate scandal.

>> at various times and sometimes simultaneously, steve has been a cowboy, rancher, after, businessman, corporate spokesman, and motivational speaker. on august 9, 1974, when gerald ford was sworn in as the 30th president of the united steve and his three siblings went from being the kids down the block living typical private lives as suburban young adults to the only kids on the block at 1600 pennsylvania avenue. the spotlight was instantaneous and intents and not always easy to handle. but steve and his siblings survive and thrive. he is here to give as an insider's view of his father's values throughout his distinguished life and career

and to share with us the lessons he learned, first as the son of the president and then as a successful figure in his own right. please welcome the chairman of the gerald ford presidential foundation, steve ford. [applause] >> i want to thank the cooley law school and the grand rapids foundation for putting on this program. dad, if he were alive today, would tell you that this is what he wants from the museum-library foundation, to critics situation where this place becomes the town square where we all come together and discuss ideas, one side versus the other, and we find out what we think about different issues. the topic tonight, ethics,

certainly is a moving target. i am not sure i am qualified to be appear. i guess, to sort of drop a the drawbridge to my soul, 18 years ago, i can look back on my life and ethics was certainly a big part because i come at that time, was struggling with alcoholism. i found myself in many situations that i would look at today and think that is not ethical behavior. and i come here today with my own stories. but i am glad to say, 18 years later, i have 18 years of sobriety through the grace of god and a great 12 step program and a great mother who helped me get through that period. but i come as a humble human being that faces these ethical choices every day of what we should do and what we think

about doing. it is a fascinating subject. we could spend hours, obviously, on this and it could go on for days. you have medical ethics. you have government ethics. the golden rule is a fascinating subject. sometimes, it is a dilemma. it is a moving target. sometimes it concerns the law and sometimes it does not. i am fascinated by this subject. you think of somebody -- the old story of robin hood, stealing from the rich and giving to the poor. you can make a case that is stealing was unethical, but giving to the poor was moral. you could make the case for a spouse cheating on her partner and a marriage, obviously, and a couple, but probably not broken a law. so sometimes the law is involved and sometimes not.

it might be a law that would dictate something about that, but is never prosecuted. it is a moving target and a fascinating conversation for all of us here tonight. when i thought about this subject, i thought what were some of the most recent situations in which ethics get involved. i think about the recent financial breakdown and banks and loans and institutions like that and it worked both ways. you have a sophisticated loan officers who were dealing with unsophisticated applicants for a loan and convince them to, at times, not always, but at times to take out a loan that they cannot afford. the demand for profits, there was a lot of pressure there and what i would say was an and ethical decision. and it were to the other way. you had sophisticated people who are trying to get a loan and

walked in and purposely rea misrepresented their income or their worth to get a loan. so the ethics of it worked both ways, on both sides of the equation. tonight, my little time appear, i want to start the discussion with a few examples of how i saw my father lived his life. i think he tried, on a daily basis, to live it in a very ethical way. if you look at -- we were talking before the program -- if you look at the dad, the probably the biggest public example of his it administration, of his time in politics and dealing with a tough, tough ethical decision was watergate and the nixon pardon. before you can really talk about the pardon, you have to go back before dad would even president. some things had to fall in place for him to even have that

chance to make that decision about the nixon pardon. you have to go back to 1971 when a group of men, as we all know them today, were the plumbers who were established by a white house adviser, john ehrlichman. they were later called the special investigation unit. before watergate, some of you may remember the plumber's roken to daniel belzbergs's psychiatrist's office in 1971. there were trying to get information detrimental to daniel l. spurred to stop classified information from the war on vietnam. some of those papers showed the fallback position of the united states during the height of the cold war. they made a decision to legally break-in -- to illegally break-

in to david goldberg's office elsbergs'savid l. ber psychiatrist's office under the guise of national security. that situation was in 1971. in 1972, that is the same group of plumbers who broke into the watergate hotel, the democratic headquarters, and watergate was started. all of that fell into place, which cause of the nixon presidency to come tumbling down. dad, on the other hand -- and this is what i find fascinating about this story -- as all of this was happening, in 1973, as

watergate already started, richard nixon had to find a new vice-president because spiro agnew had stepped down from office also because of unethical behavior. .nd dad's name was all list he had been a congressman for about 25 years. his name was put on the list with about 10 other people that possibly might be chosen the next vice-president to replace spiro agnew. to be honest with you, we thought that's name was at the bottom of that list. -- we thought dad's name was at the bottom of that list. men that had greater national presence than dad, who was the house minority leader in congress -- the foundation was being laid in dad's life early on, as the group in grand

rapids, and the people who invested in his life. he had the image of being a straight shooter, the boy scout, the square. when it came to making a decision about making a new vice president, the most important thing that nixon at that time was to make sure that his church could make it through congress. there's no controversy about dad. he was that boy scout image. he was very ethical. he worked with both aisles of congress and both sides of congress. the could reach out across the aisle and find a compromise. going have a plumber's this way with an ethical decisions, you had jerry ford rising up and being needed because he was making very ethical decisions. as dad first became vice president, my mother had finally

got him to retire. that was going to be his last term in congress. use one to come back to grand rapids, michigan and be lawyer. he had been in congress -- he was going to come back to grand rapids, michigan and be a lawyer. he had been in congress for 25 years. mom was relieved. after 25 years in washington, d.c., she wanted to come home. all of a sudden, in 1973, richard nixon calls dad to ask him to be the vice-president. and my mother -- [laughter] was not happy. i will never forget my dad sort of trying to calm her down. she thought we would move back to michigan and now he was going to be vice-president. i remember -- i remember my mom saying -- i remember my dad saying to mom, "do not worry.

vice-president to do not do anything." [laughter] that turned out to be false, as we all know. a month after dad took office, the rest happened. let me take you back 30 days earlier. everybody remembers the image of the helicopter with nixon taking off from the south lawn of the white house. i stood there with my parents, watched nixon leave. we went into the south -- the east room of the white house, excuse me, where dad took the oath of office. this was not a joyous occasion. there was a constitutional crisis. you had a man that was now going to take over the reins of this country. we had the vietnam war going on. we had a huge recession. the stock market had lost 45% of its value in the last five months. there was the cold war with the russians. and you had a man was when to

walk in and take the oath of office who had never been elected by the american people. that had never happened before in this country. that becomes president and finds himself, 30 days later, in a situation where nixon -- let me back of a little bit. right after dad became president, nixon went to california. one of the first request that the president's staff had to the white house was to send all of the documents, tapes, and papers out to san clemente. my dad said absolutely not. there's still a criminal case pending. nixon had potential charges against him. but the justice department ruled that every former president allows their papers, documents, tapes. that was not dad's justice department. that was richard nixon's justice department. he had inherited it. but dad refused. he felt that that was not the

right thing to do. he felt that it had to be preserved as evidence. i remember thinking, wait a second, if this stuff goes to california, there will probably be a huge bonfire on the beach tomorrow morning. that was the reality of the situation that he found myself going against his own press department. congress, at that time, was spending 25% of their everyday dealing with richard nixon. he was still in the headlines. dad was spending 25% of his every day dealing with richard nixon, even though he had been no more, the cold war, and the recession going on. several people -- nixon could have dragged this out for four years or five years in the courts. that is when dad finally came to the decision that he had to do something to clear the deck, get nixon out of the way so that the country could move on and deal with the war in vietnam, the

cold war with the russians, and the recession. the pardon was the answer. they researched it and they don on a 1933art i ruling where a man was held in federal custody and the government wanted him to testify and they said they gave him a pardon and he refused it because he said he was not guilty of anything. i think the supreme court had ruled that, by granting a pardon, that was an indication of guilt if yo. if you excepted that pardon, it was an exception of guilt. so they went out to sacramento to meet with former president nixon. they explained to him that the pardon was based on the 1933 verdict case that, by giving the

pardon, there was an implication of guilt and if he expected the party, there was an exception of guilt. nixon turned it down for several days. he did not want to except it honors terms. they knew at that moment that he would not say publicly that he had committed crimes are had done anything. finally, nixon came back and accepted the pardon under those terms. it cost of bad -- it cost dad. cost him his political career. but, in his mind, and just knowing my dad and seeing how he operated, it was not about him. it was about the country. he felt very strongly that the

country had to move forward and the only way to do that was to push nixon out of the way. then they could start dealing with the economy and unemployment and inflation and the vietnam war. i think dads roots came back to grand rapids and his roots were about being a public servant, serving the public. i think he was willing to give up his political future, thinking long-term instead of short term. i am always amazed. one of the things that is forgotten about the nixon pardon is that, at the same time that he pardoned richard nixon, he went and gave a speech in front of the veterans of foreign wars, the veterans' association. he also recommended that there be amnesty, a program set up so that young men who dodged the draft and went to canada could come back, see their families, come back and not be prosecuted. it was very symbolic of what he

was trying to do. it was not about nixon. it was about putting your arms around the whole country and healing this nation and bringing people back home. it did cost him an election. there's no doubt about it. i do not think he would ever regret his decision. he knows he did the right thing of the right time. it does come full circle in the end. i highly recommend a book to read. i wanted to read some of the material by the people who are involved in the watergate situation. a great book that i finished a couple of weeks ago is by the crow, one of the original code directors of the plumbers unit that worked under john ehrlichman. he went to jail. he went to prison.

i found it very interesting. he had a complete transformation of what i can tell by realizing what they tried to justify under the name of national security, serving the president, and breaking laws was not right. he finally a admitted his guilt. he went to prison. his book is interesting because he talked about making an ethical decisions. "we are allegiance to our superiors, to the president, to the president's staff "got in the way of -- to the present staff" got in the way of our lives as to the law into this country. "i am convinced that the collapse of integrity among those of us who conspired, ordered, and carried out this action was the principal cause" -- complete transformation. he talks about how he got caught

up in that power and serving a president. that, in his speech, talked- about how we found out that we were in a nation of laws and not just one man and that our laws were more important than one man's ambition. i am running out of time here. i do want to share one thing with you. i had another story that was going to talk about, but, as this comes full circle, 20 years after the nixon pardon, after dad lost the election to jimmy carter, it did make this complete turn. dad was invited to the john f. kennedy museum and library by caroline kennedy and senator ted kennedy to receive the john f. kennedy award for courage and public service because of the nixon pardon. and senator ted kennedy stood up there and talk about how, 20

years earlier, he thought dad had sold out the country and looked like another ethical decision at that point. he could see, with 20 years of history to see, what it was really about, killing a nation in bringing our country back together and heal the wounds of that nation. i want to close with one thing. i think it speaks of dad. this will become so competitive sometimes that we have to win at any cost and those kinds of things. dad wrote some ridings when he -- dad wrote some writing when he wrote some book and he wrote some notes for young women and young men growing up today, such as what is character and things like that. this one was learning how to lose. he down that book and give it to

all us kids. -- he bound that book and gave it to all of us kids. this is a copy of one of the pages. this is all learning how to lose. and you can see, it was handwritten. it was 1 pager less. i remember when he came to me, i was not as impressed as i should have been. [laughter] when you're that age, it goes above your head. 18 years ago, trust me, when i was going through my alcoholism and i picked up this book with his writings on the 20 subjects about character and integrity and things like that, core values, it was one of the things that helped save my life. i was living in some unethical areas. it was one of the tools i use,

his wisdom, to get up off my knees and reclaim my life and get sober. i will read one of these to you and then i will hand this over to victoria and the rest of the group. there is a great wisdom in this. he talks about learning have lose. "in this highly competitive society, there's always a winner and a loser. even the best sometimes lose because of circumstances beyond their control or because of an intended mistakes. but to walk off the playing field as a sorehead or with a public display is not good for one's conscience or for one's reputation. losing should be looked upon as a lesson so you can do better the next time. the disappointment should not be among the spirit, rattle once composure, sidetrack a well organized plan, or preclude another effort. learning to lose is to recognize that one set back is not the end, but reality can be a new incentive to reach and

achieve higher goals. -- hire goals." a lot of -- higher goals." a lot of wisdom there. there is a lot of pressure on young people, on adults, and we have to ask ourselves the question of what should we do? what ought we be doing? i think dad told me one time, he was that a talk -- billy gramm had spoken and they were talking afterwards. i did not quite understood it when it -- when he said. but i understand it better today. this is not a direct quote, but very) "-- a very close.

"the greatest challenge will be taming the heart, our appetite." and taming the heart, i do think you have to look at these ethical questions, what is right and what is wrong. thank you. you're a good audience. i love the discussion and the back and forth. at this time, i would like to invite victoria appear and hopefully have a lively discussion and be the town square for grand rapids today. thank you all very, very much. [applause] >> we are very fortunate today to have with us 3 outstanding leaders to explore and discussed

the role of the ethics in shaping and regulating our society and the question of whether america still has more integrity. each of our panelists will speak for about 10 minutes and then we will entertain your questions. the first is a predator general -- is brigadier-general michael c. h. mcdaniel. he will develop a program in

homeland securities law. he earned his law degree from case western university school of law. he has a master's of arts in security studies from the naval postgraduate school. general mcdaniel has been a member of the michigan national guard for 24 years. our second panelist today is terri land. she served as secretary of state in michigan. she is an advocate of voting rights. she partnered with disability advocates to implement the first boating equipment designed specifically for people with disabilities and to ensure that local polling places are accessible to disabled voters. the michigan rehabilitation conference honor her with the excellence award for these achievements. during her tenure as secretary of state, she expanded online services and reorganized the office structure to better serve

michigan residents. in recognition of her success, she was presented with the distinguished leader award by the michigan business and professional association in 2007. it is an honor given to women who have demonstrated successful leadership. she is a graduate of hope college. she was awarded an honorary doctorate of public services by central michigan university. our last panelist is filling in for the state bar of michigan president who fell ill. we all wish tony jenkins a speedy recovery. we are glad to have with us bruce courtade. has practiced law for 22 years. he is a partner in the grand rapids firm of rhodes-mckee.

he received an award given to one attorney each year by the state bar of michigan in recognition of outstanding pro bono contributions to michigan citizens. he has served on the board of directors for the grand rapids aids resource. he has been named as one of grand rapids' top 40 under 40. he has been designated as a super lawyer every year since 2006. he earned his of undergraduate and law degrees from the university of michigan. please welcome our panelists. [applause] >> we will start with the general. >> mr. ford, i appreciate you

mention in your father's career as a boy scout. in the 1970's, it was considered square at that point as well. having a president as the only recipient of the eagle scout award meant the world to all of us at that point in time. i appreciate you mentioning that today and in the grand rapids press article. your father exhibited a love of scouting up until the end. it was heartwarming to be present at the funeral procession and see all of the boy scouts of lining the streets of the great city. i want to talk to you about the concept of whether there is a separate ethnic for the american public. do we have a separate ethics for this country? it differs depending on the country. i submit we do have an ethic. continues. i would submit that is based in our constitution.

i would suggest this is not a new concept. the first decision that every law student reads from 1903, the chief justice specifically referred to the oath of office to support and defend the constitution of the united states that every judge takes. if you look at article 4 of the constitution, the oath is not limited to judges. it also talks about the president, members of state legislatures, every member of the judiciary in executive offices in the states. it is intended by the framers of the constitution that of public officers take the oath to support and defend the constitution. this is no small moment. impresses upon you when you take the oath not just the a gust

nature of the position, but more importantly the responsibilities and where those responsibilities are grounded. as an attorney and assistant attorney general, officer in the u.s. army, a general officer, a deputy assistant attorney general, i was recently police warned -- resworn into the michigan national guard. each time, i took an oath. an oath is more than a promise. it is a covenant with a higher being. it is a covenant with your god, whoever you believe him or her to be, with the supreme being, that you are taking the solemn oath to defend the constitution. how to get from that to a public ethic? there are two themes. one is not unique to the united states. that is contained in the preamble recess to promote the general welfare.

given our history, we were throwing off the political ties that bound us to the king. we were transferring sovereignty from the king to the people. we are transferring ownership of property generally from the king to the people. there was an understanding of the collective self-interest and the need to promote the general welfare. i will suggest that is one of the two maintenance of the public ethic in america that comes from the constitution. the sec is unique to this country. that is the idea -- the second is unique to this country. that is the idea of protecting self interest. it is perhaps more subtle, but it is of fundamental to the constitution. the framing of the constitution is not just democratic.

it was a federalist system as well. there was the idea they were protecting the small state and individual. it created a community. he created a balance and checks of power between the branches. they were assuring the interest of the individuals would not be lost. that was important to the framers for individuals and the larger space. those are always intentioned. there is a dynamic between the two of them. that is the part that causes this pendulum to swing. there is this dynamic where sometimes there is more of an interest, a selfish interest in individuals, and sometimes a greater interest in the collective interest during times of crisis. there is no black-and-white. there will always be a gray area.

a few weeks ago, the supreme court ruled 8-1 that the west river bob this church has the right to protest in behemoths fashion at the funerals of military numbers. -- baddest church has the right to protest in to him -- the supreme court ruled that the baptist church has the right to protest loudly at the funerals of military members. the constitution does permit that. there is the tension between the collective interest and the self-interest. no matter how abhorrent or detestable, we have to permit the speech. we can permit it to be 1,000 feet away and put other guarantees there, but we have to recognize that speech as well. there is a constant tension between these two values.

both of those are ones we have to uphold. to give an example that will resonate today from over 150 years ago, there was a young navy lieutenant in the war of 1812 and the barbary wars. he said at a dinner, he stood up and gave the following toast. our country in her intercourse with foreign nations, may she always be in the right. but our country, right or wrong. that has been seized upon by jingoists and self-proclaimed patriots. again, that only refers to the collective interest. it does not refer to the overall dynamic where we have to balance the interests of self with that of the collective nation. john quincy adams having heard about the toast in a letter to

his father said that he could not join his voice in the coast. he said he cannot ask of have this success -- he city cannot ask heavens success for his country if she were wrong. there is a freeze are often use when i talk with soldiers, students, or staff. let justice be done, though the heavens fall. that is one of the key lessons we learned in the army college. that is the mandatory school every officer has to have before they can be considered for anything above colonel. you have to be able to throw your stars on the table. you have to be able to give up. your rank and entire career to do the right thing. it is exactly as mr. ford said talking about his father's decision to pardon nixon.

he knew the decision politically was going to be devastating. so every officer taught these days that you have to be able to throw your stars on the table. let me give an example of that. in the time after september 11, 2001, over 400 individuals intered at guantanamo bay. the was a question as to who would represent them. army, air force, navy, and marine were assigned as counsel. you have individuals assigned to them. you had osama bin laden's driver. hee of the attorneys said th went from doing just driving cases to one of the most highly

visible cases in the world. they rose to the occasion. umsfeld insecretary ron spelle court that it violated the uniform code of military justice and the geneva convention. they were correct. after three or four years, finally getting the case to the supreme court, justice john paul stevens wrote the opinion on behalf of the majority. consider again justice stevens brought it full circle. he was the one justice appointed by gerald ford. similar interest and character and integrity must have existed all the way through. as we heard mr. ford say earlier, it was the understanding of the need for integrity in that decision. there was that sense that no man

is above the law. that was certainly true in the opinion by justice stevens. he specifically said in the opinion that individual rights and national security have to be upheld. let me find my quote. he concluded that the executive, the president, is bound to abide by the rule of law in this in every jurisdiction. in closing, i would say that there is always an ethical question. every ethical question will go down to the simple calculus -- to what extent does the general, collective interest prevail and to what extent do we allow the individuals interest as well? >> thank you. ms. land.

>> it is great to be here at the gerald ford museum and library. it has been a great asset to our community. i was born and raised here. as a high-school student, i have the opportunity to work on a presidential campaign. it was not until i was older that i appreciated what i have in the opportunity. president ford became a mentor of mine when i got involved in politics. i started out wanting to be a teacher. on the campaign, i realized i wanted to run for office. that brought up the question of how you run for office. there is the question when you get elected of how to make decisions and what you can do. i am up here today as a practical person and not as a lawyer. i think everybody is a lawyer. a was a support clerk for the county and served on the grievance commission. i do understand how lawyer's work a little bit. i think i can bring a practical part to all of this. that comes into how you make decisions and how important is to get the information.

as county clerk, my policy was i would talk to anybody. if you want to come in and have a cup of coffee, we can talk. nobody was buying lunch or paying for a conference. you do need to talk to everybody. i truly believe you need to have conversations with everyone. president ford wanted to hear all sides. my staff meetings in the secretary of state's office were always very engaging. i have folks with different philosophies. i had people very conservative, very liberal, people with government experience, business experience. that created a lot of dynamics and led to the decisions. i will talk about campaign finance in a minute. i wanted to first give you a view of how we make decisions in government and come to conclusions dealing with all of the influences out there. that is a challenge.

technology is part of our lives. we get bombarded on cable, tv, facebook, and twitter. you have to make sure you are getting the correct information to make decisions. you are dealing with taxpayer dollars, people's lives, families. it is important that you look into the information that you get to make sure it is good and accurate when you make those decisions. they affect a lot of people's lives. on the election cycle, i brought along bill ballenger who puts out a newsletter. he did a survey election poll to find out what people thought about ethics in michigan government on the campaign finance side. in michigan, we always say we do not have ethics. what i mean by that is that we typing have the same tim

procedures and rules as far as running for office in the clearing your income and any holdings you may have like congress does. in michigan, it is different. we are unique. we have one industry that dominates the state. no matter what income level, if you have gm, chrysler, ford stock. it would never occur to anybody it would be unethical to have the stock going to the legislation to vote on legislation that affects the auto industry. we're all on the same team here. in other states, we do not have the one industry that dominates the entire state. they do look at it differently. if you have gm stock and going to the legislature and vote on an issue that affects the auto industry, people should disclose that. it is important. we've never had that in michigan.

no matter what party, you have a role to the works in the auto industry. those issues were never brought to the forefront. in the poll, they asked people if it made a difference if they fully disclosed sources of income. only 43% of the people in michigan thought it was important. it is not something michigan has talked about. they also asked whether campaign funds coming from lobbyists was important. 20% thought it was important. you can go down the list of campaign finance issues and it goes to 20% and 18% with public financing of candidate. in michigan, we have the ability to public finance the gubernatorial campaign. every year, fewer people contribute. it is now down to 8% of the

people who think that is important. it is interesting when people talk about campaign finance. the reality is most people do not think there is a problem. we do have transparency in michigan. i think it is important. as long as you did a contribution, if you need to let folks know what it is. when i was secretary of state, i had legislation that i put forward. i was not successful in getting it passed and signed by the governor. i wanted to have real time campaign finance reporting. if you get $100 from joseph, before he could spend it, you have to put it in the bank and declare it on the website in real time. you would actually know what the candidate scott because you voted for them. -- you would actually know what the candidate scott before you voted for them. this way, you would know ahead of time within a month.

as the billboards go up, you can find out what is going on. the public will know they have not disclosed their contribution. that is one thing i put forward. it is still out there. i hope somebody will take that up. i think transparency is the biggest issue. people want to know where the money is coming from. the polling numbers showed it does not make a difference of how much. it is just the transparency the people want to know about it. that is where that should go. there are a few other things we deal with in the secretary of state's office. when you talked about my resume, it reminded me that there was a big discussion about having the polling places accessible to those with disabilities. discussions before said it would cost too much money and we could not afford it.

that is an excuse. if it is the right thing to do, you should do it. that is why we did that when we were in the secretary of state's office. we improved polling places and made them more accessible because it is right. my favorite story from the process of modernizing elections in michigan is of a woman who has been site in. -- she has always been sight impaired and has never been able to vote in secret. she was able to vote in secret for the first time at 65. she stood up in the middle of the polling place and said, "god bless america. " the clerk called our office and told us the story. that is what is about. making it accessible, having a transparent. that is what government should be. that is my presentation for you. [applause]

>> it is and honored to be associated with anything associated with gerald ford. i was told once that ethics involves -- being unethical person is being someone who always does more than what is required and less than is permitted. in the legal context, that brings very true. in michigan, the bar association is self-regulating. the attorney discipline system is run by the lawyers. it has ultimate oversight with the supreme court. all attorney grievances filed with the state bar are self-

police. i came up with statistics. who is trying to figure out how we were doing ethically in the state of michigan. in 2001, there were 34,473 members of the state bar. that year, there were 3575 request for investigation. there was a 10.37% rate of infection -- infractions or incidents. in 2010, there were over 41,000 attorneys and only around 2800 requests for investigation. that would seem to suggest we're doing better and ethically. that runs contrary to what one would think. i think we have to focus on a few things. one thing i would urge you to consider is that there are a lot of challenges going on in the legal profession that impact the way we do business and the pressures on us as practicing

lawyers. as weeve in today's world become more high-tech and fast- paced and less interpersonal, there is a change in our cultural ethos that affects everything, including the way we practice law. i feel fortunate to be practicing in the state of michigan, particularly in west michigan. i will explain more later. i want to focus on a couple factors that affect what is going on in the legal business right in. the first is the slowing economy. martin luther king said that the old and a measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience but where he stands at times of challenge. anybody in michigan understands we have a challenging economy. according to published reports, 20 years ago, michigan had more

than a hundred and 40 publicly traded corporations based in michigan. they came up with the michigan stock index. it featured the top 100 of the companies. two years ago, there were fewer than 90 companies publicly traded debt were based in michigan. they cannot even come up with the top 100 anymore. the michigan department of energy, labor, and growth -- we have lost 593,000 jobs since. 14% of the michigan work force has been eliminated. we are the only state that has lost population in the last census. what does that mean? the impact on lawyers and law firms is predictable. there is a new term going around in the legal business. it is called the "unhiring of associates.

" they do not get fired. they get unhired. graduates are not being hired by the law firms. they're forced to become solo practitioners. some of the best lawyers i know are at small firms and individual attorneys. but for a new attorney, they do not have a mentor, somebody who can show them the ropes and point out potential minefields they will step into if they do not watch out. the other thing is that there are more lawyers being pumped out. when you think about the declining employers based in michigan and the lack of jobs in michigan, you have more lawyers competing for fewer opportunities and fewer clients. a thriving middle-class has been an important staple for lawyers. that is where we get a lot of our business. in michigan, the middle class is not thriving. that impacts the bottom line.

the results are threefold. none are good for ethics complaints. the first is young attorneys without mr. shipp to avoid problems. the second is more experienced lawyers who used to have administrative support at big firms being forced out to become sol becauseos the economy. we're seeing grievances filed against them because they do not have support staff and are getting sloppy and careless. the third is the most experienced lawyers are still forced to fight to keep their clients because they are becoming less loyal. when you have a win it all costs mentality to keep your clients, that is when you see in ron, wall street, lawyers trying to maintain their client relationships and willing to do

whatever it takes to keep the plant. that sometimes means they may turn a blind eye to things they would normally object to. that causes serious problems. the other thing that impacts is technology and the increasing pace of life. when i started practicing in 1988, we have one computer in the office. we had one plain paper fax machine. now, fax machines are outdated. nobody uses fax machines. we all have instant messages and e-mail. clients expect they can send a message instantly and get an answer instantly. there is pressure on lawyers. it used to be if someone said you a letter, he would have days to contemplate the issue, dropped a letter, and send in the mail. they may call you on the phone. that does not happen any more. there was a great story last

week about the death of a telephone call. nobody is talking on the telephone anymore. it is all instant messages. but like to talk but indigent defense. one reason many lawyers went to law school was because of atticus finch in "to kill a mockingbird." that is who we wanted to be when we grew up. recently, a national study showed the state of michigan is failing to meet its constitutional burden to provide free legal defense for criminal defendants. that is something that has to be addressed. in today's economy, how can you pay for that? that is another issue we have to address in the short term i will

submit that criminal defense attorneys are modern-day john adams. a lot of people do not realize this. john adams defended a british soldier accused of murder in the boston massacre. he felt it was more important that one guilty man -- excuse me. that 99% might get often have one innocent man wrongly convicted. that is where a criminal defense attorneys are. most of the prosecutors are devoted civil servants who tried to see that justice is done. one side or the other inevitably slips. when that happens, it is on the front page. we hear about a criminal defense attorneys been paid in something other than money.

you hear about prosecutors like ted stevens from alaska. one of the prosecutors in that case committed suicide after he was accused of unethical behavior. there was what happened in detroit with the terrorism trial where they were accused of prosecutorial misconduct. things like that can happen. what happens, the reaction is that we realize the person without was superman was really clark kent on steroids. that hurts. there is good news. west michigan is a great place to practice because the economy has not hit us as badly as others. there are fewer attorneys here. it is a small bar association. there is a collective reinforcement of our professional ethics. we really look at each other. we go in front of the same judges. if you cut corners in front of the judge wants, they will let

you remember it the next time. accountability is crucial for why i enjoy practice in west michigan. wrapping up, this goes towards what mr. ford was saying. how i conducted myself, why i conducted myself a certainly. i used to say that my guiding principle was that i did not want to do anything that would embarrass my parents. now i have a daughter who is a freshman at u of m. now, i live my life so that when my daughter thinks of what honesty and integrity mean, i want her to think of me first. that is my parting shot to the law students here. that is the way to conduct yourself. thank you very much. [applause]

x the first question is from mr. ford. one of the most important things you said was about how technology has changed our society. we somehwat isolate ourselves with technology. how does that affect going deep enough to think about ethics as opposed to saying it is my own personal opinion? >> people say things on the internet they would never say face to face.

ethics is the golden rule. if you are seeing someone face to face, you would treat them the manner you hope to be treated. we're so reliant on technology now and do not meet the personal connection. i think that inevitably leads to a greater sense of "me" versus "we." as far as pop culture, it tends to glamorize those who are out of the norm. the people getting away with things are in the news. the teenaged mothers shows. if i had mentioned teen-age motherhood to my mother in high school, i would have had a bar of soap in my mouth. now there are websites.

we have to have a serious discussion about keeping that in check and making sure people realize that is not the norm. that is nothe aberration. >> technology has made it tougher. you are more cautious than you used to be. when i first started emails in government, my answers to my staff were yes, no, and thank you. [laughter] you did not want to say anything that could go viral. i have changed a little bit. unfortunately, it makes it hard to make decisions. you do not get all of the information. for my staff, yes and no was probably all be needed to get things done.

same thing with constituents. talking one on one, you could have more nuances to help people get to a decision or understand where you are coming from. i think it has hurt that. i still try to have face-to- face. i am big on that. when you have a group of folks to make decisions and then go forward from that. technology has changed. there is so much of it. consistency on what you say is huge. i feel for elected officials because they have said it one way a thousand times. the newspaper reporter gives them a little off, and there they are. that is even if they have said at 1000 times the same way. that is the challenge. your word is your bond. >> about six months ago, and was working at the pentagon. one of my staff came up to me.

he is a former member and now they do the civilian. he was upset because he got a phone call from "the times of london." they have figured out from wikileaks where he was over in iraq in 2004. they were retreating certain behaviors to him based on the incident reports. this court unlike any other war we have prosecuted before, any time you leave an operating basis and have some sort of contact with the na or civilians, you have to do the equivalent of a police incident report. all of those are classified to protect civilians and soldiers. thousands of those were put on wikileaks. they did not have a lot of intelligence value to an outsider. here was this individual. because they're able to figure out who he was because there was

a favorable story about him in "washington post," there were able to combine the two and make certain assumptions which may or may not have been correct. they made assumptions about this soldier who had served his country honorably and had to make quick, ethical decisions in an adverse environment. now they were trying to make him a public figure as a result of that. the calculus, the tension between the collective good and the individual good has not caught up with technology. there is still too much of a focus on individual self- interest. the collective good in this case does not balance that out. >> the first question is for you general mcdaniel along the lines of the balance.

portions of the original patriot act seemed to overstep our rights. how do you respond to that? how the thing develops has been struck in the legislation? if you have the i think the balance has been struck in the legislation? -- how do you think the balance has been struck in the legislation? >> the controversial provisions were a result of the fact congress was trying to get the act through quickly in the days after september 11. date sunset in those provisions. they have come up for renewal on a couple of changes. those have to do with the wiretaps. those have come up to congress since then. there has been debate that we need to have. you can see there is the tension where they are trying to find the balance. congress is still struggling

with that. that is absolutely appropriate under our constitutional system. >> what was the most difficult professional and ethical challenge you have faced? what guided you? [laughter] >> i am not sure i have the courage of steve ford on this one. one of the earliest was when i first started with the attorney general's office in michigan. frank kelly was the attorney general as he was for almost four years at that point time. he was one of my earliest mentors. we had a lawsuit where it was necessary -- i was in the environmental decision. it was necessary sue five citizens in macomb county because the rich ground water contamination in a land fill the owned. it was getting into the drinking

water and drinking wells of the citizenry. they responded in a political way. i was called to frank kelly's office. there were the mayors of five cities with state reps and senators. they went through. frank kelly comes in and does not say anything to me. they are chewing me out and demanding that the lawsuit was brought by the government by the government -- against the government was not good. frank kelly heard them out. he looked at them and said in his candid style to stay the hell out of the judicial process and we would stay out of the legislative process. he said i could answer any questions they had. i will not tell you the response

of some of the representatives. my point is you will always have that question about whether you are doing the right thing. few of us will be in the position that mr. ford's father was in. the decision was ultimately his. in most cases, we will have a mentor to rely on. i say to students that you will have an ethical dilemma. have your mentors in place. make that decision based on what is right and most transparent for your client in yourself. >> you have to live with yourself. that is the bottom line. on a daily basis, when i was the secretary of state, i had a republican senate and democratic

house. there was this give-and-take between the branches to make decisions. it is the art of compromise. you have to make sure your are not compromising yourself. i will not blame the -- name the legislators. there were a few in my party that were very consistent on what they wanted. i said we were in it for the long haul. you have to keep the up. it was explained to me my budget would be looked at closely if i did not help them on a certain issue. i said that my budget was pretty good and i would not worry about it. the reality was that the next year, they were not in the legislature. you cannot make decisions on what they say now and what could

happen in the future. you have to make the decision on what works now. the future can change, let me tell you. i have worked with a lot of candidates and newcomers. i remind them that what happens to date may be so different tomorrow. do not worry about that. may the decision today in the process -- make the decision today. the next day can be very different. >> as a practicing lawyer, i take very seriously my role as an officer of the court. i think it is critical as a litigator that the court has to know the one i am telling them something, they can count on my word. i ran into a situation i am sure other attorneys have run into. when it hits you in the face, it is a jolt. i was representing a woman on a

pro bono basis. she is having your house foreclosed upon. -- she was having her house foreclosed upon. i absolutely believe what she was telling me was true. they had forged his signature on documents. it was not her signature. i felt so sure about that that i hired an expert from lansing, a former fbi agent who came in and took writing samples from her. he came back to me and said he had good news. he said would not have a pro bono case much longer. he told me that based on his analysis, it was her signature. given that, i could not in good conscience go before the court with it. i had to withdraw as her counsel. the firm had spent a lot of resources on it.

i had invested a lot of personal time. i commit to my clients. that was a difficult conversation to have with her. it was absolutely the right one. >> a compound question for each panelist. is there a decline in mutual respect and ethical behavior in american society today? if so, what accounts for the decline? how can we address it? >> i was trying to come up with my definition of an ethic. whether it was the behavior of the states during the articles of confederation, the political climate when and rejection -- and andrew jackson was elected and the slurs towards his wife, whether it was the state of the country with the rutherford b.

hayes and tilden election, or as mr. ford said with watergate -- it is hard to say that this is the worst of times. i reject that if we look at the country on an historical basis. we are incredibly resilient as a people and nation because of the way our founding documents and the constitution were worded. having thought about this getting ready for today, i think i came away reassured. it is easy to pick examples. we have so many different media sources now. it is to the point where a

everybody who has their own iphone is their own media source and can create their own media. instead of having three networks, we now have 300 million networks out there potentially. as a result, we are bombarded with bad news. the good news is somehow filtered out the way spam used to be. i refuse to believe that we have lost stability compared to before. if anything, it is just the swing of the pendulum politically once more. >> i do not think it has changed. when i was in the campaign meetings in 1976, everybody was yelling and screaming. it was not civil. we all just walked out and small afterwards. i do not think that has changed. what has changed is the technology.

watergate was breaking in to campaign headquarters to steal files to find out what the opposition was doing. what is the difference between palin's when sara email was hacked? it has not changed. it is just the technology and what has happened. i had some experience with that. president bush gave a speech to a while back. they left his speech in the room. he went off to do a private reception. somebody went and got the speech. it was a major speech on the economy and manufacturing. they were able to meet it before he gave a speech. -- they were able to leak it before he gave the speech. we are human. that has always been a problem. >> i am pleased to say that when

i run into an ethical conduct by a lawyer, it shocks me. i think that is a very good sign. going back historically, i agreed that there were so many battles that were hard fought and and civil along the way. i did come across a quote from mark twain that said it was curious that physical courage should be so common and moral courage so rare. this debate today has been going on -- mark twain died in 1910. it has been going on for over 100 years. i believe things are not as bleak. i am always a glass half full type of guy. >> every older generation

bemoans the ethical behavior of our youth. do you share the concern about the ethics of our children? >> i am sure my daughter is the most ethical person. [laughter] she knows if she runs afoul of me, i learned things from my italian grandmother. [laughter] our kids are struggling. part of it goes back to pop culture. the role models they are seen broadcast on tv do not reflect what we want them to see. it is more important than ever for parents to set the guidelines and a good role models. we need to have conversations a lot earlier than my parents have to have with me. i do think our kids -- i am on a

nonprofit board with the michigan center for arts and technologies. we deal with urban students. we expose them to fine arts and technology. the kids i need over there come from the worst but grounds you can imagine. -- from the worst backgrounds you can imagine. i never come out of the building without being uplifted. they renew my hope. i am very confident in our use. -- i am very confident in our youth. >> i have noticed in the younger ones that there is not a lack of moral values but it is about cutting corners that i find interesting. i am from the old way of doing it right and getting it done. maybe technology is part of that or finding other ways to do there is more of that than

realizing in the long run it will hurt you. that is what i find most interesting. there is more of that taking the shorter way around rather than the long way. when i was younger, he started at the bottom and work up. there is not so much of that anymore. it is getting to the top right now. in doing that, you do not gain the wisdom from the years of experience. it is not that some people cannot do that when they're younger and move up. i do think the experience, relationships, the fact of work at it a little bit and understand how it works is important. that is what i see as a challenge. >> a fix is not innate. it is learned behavior. -- ethics is not innate. it is learned behavior. it is the boy scout law. is the behaviors been taught an early age to become so inculcated the they become the ethical base for the individuals.

if there is blame, it is on us as the older generation. >> one final question. we will start off with you, general mcdowell. -- general mcdaniel. iran or libya? >> to maintain our moral place in this world has the nation on the shining hill that we like to perceive ourselves as, we have to be a moral as individuals and as a nation. we have to have reasoned debate before we make decisions about the use of force in countries like libya. we could have had greater debate in some of our other recent incursions. i remember the reaction of my colleagues in the military when decisions were made. decisions were made quickly to

go into afghanistan and iraq. when you commit this nation's blood and treasure, that is a commitment -- it has to be a commitment of the entire nation. the people of libya are looking for democracy. they will model themselves to the extent that they can within their culture after the united states. it is not because we are a nation of military force. it is because we are in nation of democracy and moral values. >> well said. i agree. you have to reflect on why you are doing this and make sure you understand the reasons. it has to be a total commitment. it has to be a world commitment. we're on the world stage. we have to talk to our fellow countries to make sure we are on the same page. we also have to make sure we're loyal and that our word means

what it means. i think that is hugely important. sometimes you have to make the tough decisions. it is a challenge. we are in these times del. -- we are in these times right now. >> i think that question wraps up the discussion perfectly. it is only when you are forced to face evil, to face a bad choice, that you have the inner debate. my mom used to say that if you go to bed with dogs, you will wake up with fleas. that is the debate you have to have. whether it is dealing with a a political opponent that wants to take advantage of some leverage that they perceive, dealing with an unethical lawyer, you cannot back down and engage in behavior that you yourself would condemn.

>> all right. thank you very much. [applause] >> what a fascinating debate. we could go on for hours. thank you for being here. dad would be so pleased today. this was the town square. we got to discuss things. i speak to kids across the country. i tell them about my alcoholism and what i went through to help them avoid some of the pitfalls and choices. i do not have children of my own. my girlfriend's two kids are teenagers. there is instant access. there is no delay of gratification. everything is right now. it does wear away. as adults, we need to teach

this. we need to show young people this. we need to plant the seeds. the seeds were planted a about ethics, character, integrity, leadership -- this is not partisan politics. we need to plant the seeds of ethical behavior in the kids today. we will see the harvest later. my old ag instructor in college used to tell me that you cannot stick broccoli seeds in the ground and expect to see corn the next spring. it does not work. whatever you put in the ground today will show up later. our biggest commitment must be to our young people. thank you all very much. there is a reception in the lobby afterwards. thank you very much for being here. we're very grateful. thank you very much. [applause]

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> i give you the ipod nano. [laughter] >> in his monologue, he comments on the world as he sees it. his latest work examples -- examines apple and the world of technology. >> my monologues spring out of my obsessions. >> find out more about his obsessions tonight. you can also download the podcast. it is one of our many signature

interview programs available online. >> now, jenna bush hager delivers the women's history month lecture on the bloomington campus of indiana university. she talks about her memories of the white house during her father's and grandfather stearns, teaching in washington, working for nbc's "today show,"and working with unicef that inspired her to ."ite the book "anna's hope >> tonight is our annual keynote lecture in celebration. we have our featured guest tonight jenna bush hager. that would not be possible without the support of our sponsors. we would like to recognize the beta chapter, the indiana school

of education, the indiana university college of public silence, and the department of political science. we wish to recognize the tireless efforts of the outstandingpublishers and unione proud to present to indiana university and the community at large, speaker whose actions speak far louder than words. she is a teacher, an author, a literacy at forget, and an avid supporter of unicef. please welcome jenna bush hager. [applause] >> thank you, guys, so much. we had dinner with some of the

students before, and i have never seen such a student in power and student one group, said that is a terrific that you have this at this university. in myave three women family, and you cannot help but be a real supporter of women. especially remarkable women and teenagers to have affected my life. in fact, the first time i saw the white house was 3-d innocent, optimistic guise of a seven-year old.

-- was through the innocent, optimistic eyes o0f a -- of a seven-year-old. a little over tenures ago, and will not say how long, because i do not want to age myself on a college campus, but barbara and i thought about trying to veto the idea of data running for -- idea of dad running for office. there was a privilege of living history. during those eight years, and we met interesting people, heads of states, royalty, and the pope,

and the texas along warrants. -- longhorns. i was fortunate to go on foreign trips. this motive may need -- motivated me. i see this as an opportunity. the more likely are to help others. while teaching the schoolers, i started a new job.

one of my first pieces for the "today" show was about delia perez, in a one-road town. it is rich in p -- many things. when delia was a young girl, she would migrate with their family to work in the field. when delia was growing up in the considered then community college, but she had one teacher who urged them to apply to college and pursue their dreams, and he bravely

rented a 24-passenger van and drove them to the ivy league schools he said they should apply to. his faith in his students encouraged her to do something someone in your family had never done, apply to college. she was accepted at yale university, one of the school she had visited during her spring break. after graduating, she returned to ed koch to teach. she said she could have taken more high-paying jobs but that she could think of nothing better to do that to help as your beloved english teacher had done. last fall, i visited her at the same after-school program for teachers started, which she now runs. 150 students each year in the program, and 100% of teh -- them

go to college. at least 50 students from this tiny, tiny community have gone on to id the colleges since she graduated from yale. i was told about just returning from the midwest where she migrated to work in the sugar cane fields. one woman said she would go to heartburn because she is tired of working in the fields -- would go to harvard. i could see how much aw angela had for her mentor. and delia was like this.

"note one person changed my life." i have seen firsthand, quality education can help people break the poverty cycle. my mom did the same as a little girl -- [no audio]

>> hello? >> ok, we will switch to a hand mic. korea looking as lovely and composed pops my mother did note -- as my mother did. i was a mess. my sweater was covered with ink, and my pants full of chalk. i felt i had a perpetual cold, and i lived on coffee. i dreamed of students. ask any teacher. teaching can take a lot out of you, but the good things in life

are often hard one. -- won. trying to herd 30 kids on the subway, i was rewarded the creativity, and joy, then you can early learned by seeing them through the eyes of a child. independence, -- independent and eager learners. i became more interested in exploring the places they called home. i volunteered to in turn for unicef let america and the caribbean office. these are areas of great

economic and social contrast. poverty, disease. many lack even a basic primary education. far too many have hiv/aids. guatemala is a lush country. yet, 50%, one out of every two children, has chronic malnutrition, and in one area, and least 70 children are malnourished. they will never have the chance to grow physically strong or mentally.

in a small village, a visitor a mother and her five kids who lived in a one-roof huts made of twigs. she showed me because it's where she and her kids huddled for warmth during the night. -- she showed me cots. $5 to feed six people. the youngest son ludwig's stomach had begun to swell. he was chronically malnourished. she knew the symptoms all too well. luckily, she is not part of a program that helps to keep her baby is healthy, -- he per baby

is healthy -- babies healthy. sprinkles contain vitamins, everything kids need to develop normally. the paternoster tastes of like nothing. she spreads in on their own fortified tortillas -- unfortified tortillas. she told me there are nights and days when she and nothing to feed your kids, so she had to put them to bed early, sometimes long before the sun has gone down. she continued with tears in her eyes. "i do not care about the pangs of hunger i feel. i just care about them, my children. when i have food, i give it to them. i asked her at the end of the interview if there is one thing

that she could say to the people of the united states, she just said thank you. thank you to all of you who care about our plight and for those of you who donate to unicef so that i can keep my baby is healthy. i want them to know that i appreciate all of their help. i appreciate everything they do. grus yes. -- gracias. i trust and document the lives of children's and the programs to help them lead better, healthier lives. the truth is numbers do not provide a real insight into the way that people live. their life stories are what encourage us to take action. during our time working and unicef, there was an obviously

well-known vacation destination with pristine beaches and fine resorts. yet, there is another side. many of the people who live there have to deal with upwards economies, poverty, violence, and other social issues. for instance, the caribbean is the area with the second highest area of hiv/aids, only surpassed by sub-saharan africa. until i went there, i was unaware of the dire circumstances there before the earthquake. 50% son, one out of every two children, was not in school, and 80% of the population made money from an informal and come. i know that we're still in shock by the massive loss of life and the devastation brought

on by the 7.0 earthquake, but as i visited, the statement haiati now -- haiti now is still covered in rubble. tented cities are scattered around the capital. many churches and homes have yet to be rebuilt. so where is the hope in this haiti? it is in the giving and compassionate nature of its people. over the week, we met here as everywhere. a woman who started a clinic herself wenches other was madison -- medicine in her tented city, a young girl, who, even though she lost her mother in the quake, was helping. in a tented city, we met a 35-

year-old woman named lucienda. she is a nurse and provide relief for all of the people there. they live in a home with their two children. her house was ruined in the earthquake, and like others, she was forced to move from light to a tent. but she was happy and relieved, she said, knowing that her whole family has survived. as she said, "we made it out pretty good. my kids are still here." but she slowly met 74 kids who have lost their parents. they were orphans, wandering the city alone. she knew she must do something. these kids could not grow up wonder worse. -- wanderers.

so she built a tent next to hers where they know live, and she calls all 74 her children. and they call her mom. her husband told mate note that he thinks she is crazy, but she is now a process of finding them poems or adopting them herself. she even opened a school so that the kids, hers and others, could get the education they so deserve. she could have just taken care of her family of four, but as she said to me, "these kids are my kids, too, and i hopefully other people in the community would have done for my kids what i am doing for these kids. we must take care of ah -- haiti, because if we do not, who will?

i attended a conference for people with hiv/aids, and i met a woman by the name of ana. she had lived an extremely difficult life. she was infected with hiv/aids. she is an orphan. her mother and sister of both died. she had been shuffled around most of her life, abused, neglected, abandoned by the people she cared about forced -- most, and she was forced to drop of school after she had her baby. beatrice. we were talking about the power of education, and understood it on a much more global level when i was working with ana. mother was abused,

and she did not know that she had hiv living in her body, and she passed on to the father. she got education to help young mothers get the information they needed so that their babies would be borne hiv free. when we first returned to let america, the first thing we were able to do was to take ana and beatrice to get their hiv test, and i am really happy to say that education has the ability to break the cycle, and beatrice has tested negative for hiv. i was in an area four or five times the size of this. ana had beatrice wrpped in her arms.

she said she wanted people to know that they are living with hiv, not dying from it. it is not the 80's. for the next month and lived in the region, we began meeting daily, and i listened to the tragic and beautiful details of for life, and though i did not go to lunch in america with the thought of writing a book, i was so moved by her story and the dozens of children i met that were like her, they all wanted to their stories told, so we worked together and had a book called "ana's story." she wanted others to understand they have the right to protect themselves. she wanted kids to get the facts about giving -- living with hiv. one year -- one time i had written the word "sickness" in my notes. i thought i head spell the world

wrong. but it was not the spelling. it was the word that bothered her. she told me, "i was born with hiv/8aids. i was born with this. it cannot be a sickness. it is the situation in my life." and she lived with the best she could. these were stories of hope. i was so happy that i had been y paren.visit with there was a peace corps worker who saw the need for hiv/aids patients to receive treatment. he used his life experiences growing up on the kansas farm and called his product developing and gourmet --

garden. it offers patients fresh vegetables and a fun activity of gardening. my mother and i joined a circle of women infected with hiv/aids and listen to how they had been affected. two new women had been in the group, and they told stories ever similar to ana. they had been abused by men in their communities and were hiv- positive. it was hard for them to hold back tears as they told graham taylor of abuse, a stigma, and isolation, but after they finish, my mom help them close and told them aboutana's story and that with the proper medication, ana was doing well and that the baby was healthy. one of the girls looked at me with glassy eyes, "can you not

please tell our stories?" so, today, i am trying to do that. i am hoping this will inspire at least one of you to act. i want to thank you for all that you do. i know you're very active on your campus and making sure that you give back. you are already making a huge difference in your community. kids like ana do not just live there. there are teachers that say that there are kids just likeana who live here. poverty, illness, ignorance, it transcends borders. whether you put your time or your money, you teach or tudor or sponsor a teenager, whatever you do, where practical steps you can all do to help others. you have the chance to change

people's lives. every small act will be an investment worth your while. life is a precious gift, and it is a privilege and an opportunity as much as a responsibility to give some of yourself for people in need. i have learned invaluable lessons and, in fact, i have found that sometimes you will find teachers and some of the most unexpected places. thanks so much for having me. i appreciate your sharing your tuesday night on the college campus. i am sure there are more exciting things to do, and thank you so much for having me. i think we're going to be some questions and answers, so thanks so much for having me. [applause] >> thank youj againthankenna. i am being lectured director, and we have a few questions to ask. we have selected eight of them,

so we will do that. and if you want to talk to her after the lecture, she will be outside, and she can sign a poster or something for you. >> a poster. am i on that poster? the be scary. >> the first question, how do you think college students can best be involved in humanitarian efforts? >> well, there are a lot of ways you can get involved. i tutored, and when i was in college, there was a great program in east austin. i went to the university of texas, but there was an amazing program that a college student started actually, partnering with a school boat in one of the most marginally -- marginalized places in austin. you would go and spend time and to do these kids, and it was so

successful that it really change the trajectory of the students' lives, and it is now one of the best schools in austin in one of the poorest neighborhoods, and a college students started that. there are so many ways. my sister just started and non- profit call the global health corp., which uses the teach for america model to give a recent college graduates to give clinics -- get them in clinics around the world. i was at an age conference -- a conference in san francisco, and i met two kids from stanford, and they were the founding team. it was two kids from stanford who were seniors, and then my sister, we have been out of college of of a longer, and that is ok. nobody judged us because of our age. and then one of the founders of

global held court had already started a very profitable group. i think a lot of people underestimate how dynamic college students are, and i know that unicef, just being one example, and care another, they have college campus clubs all over the country. i am not sure if there annie. indiana. somebody will have to got me out with that, but there is plenty to do to get involved. it is hard for me to say what you guys have your address school, and we can even ask somebody in the audience that knows, but there are so many ways, and my one piece of advice that somebody gave me in high school but is still regretted buys is to find what you love. i worked in a children's shelter in austin high school,

and i loved it. i loved being with kids. people would say of my sister, "that is so good of you to do that. she does not do it because she is good. she does it because she really wants to change the face of global health. " she works 24 hours a day. " nobody would do that because they passed you on the back. she does that because she is passionate. find something you're interested in sports, where are, there is so much art therapy it goes on around the country. there are so many ways to get involved. >> next question is, as a public-school teacher, do you feel a public school system in america is in need of an overall? >> yes, yes. there is no doubt about it. i don't want to get too controversial here, but yes. in urban schools, in west baltimore also in the b.c., i

trust recently interviewed the founder of teach for america and michelle rhee, the chancellor, and everybody who cares believes the there is a crisis going on. when i started teaching in washington, d.c., they needed more teachers in the area i taught because it was marginalized because it was such a really poor area, and that is such a sad statistics, that kids living in a poor area can i get as good an education as kids living in a wealth your area. that is not typically american, as the chancellor said. we promise good education for everybody, and that is not what happened. i interviewed a teach for america teacher recently been told me that the reason he does what he does is because he

thinks the biggest social injustice in our country right now is the education system, and i have to say the i am in agreement. there are some really amazing teachers up there. do not get me wrong. there are some teachers up there making sure that everyone gets an equal education, but there is a lot that needs to be done. we talked about it. the answers are pretty simple, making sure every teacher in every classroom is highly effective. that is important, and michelle rhee wanted to do that, and she laid-off teachers who were not being highly effective, and she lost her job. this is a hot-button issue, and people are conflicted about it. i met with some before we came here. they want what is best for kids,

and what is best for kids is what every child, no matter what the color of your skin of what neighborhood you live and, to get the very best education, and that is not happening. >> how do you find your stories for the "today" show? >> i love doing that. when i got the job to work on the today show, it was really kind of crazy, because it was nothing i wanted to do before. i was in english and creative writing major, and i loved it teacher and, and when i wrote " producer trust me down and said, "i think you would be really good on tv. n.i.i. kept coming back to it. there are seven ways to make a difference. one way is to make sure we get really great information out there and that we are telling

stories of people who were doing inspirational sayings. my husband was, "given a chance. do it for one year. you can always stop." i love it. one of the stories i just got done doing was about a charter school. this is an amazing charter school that teaches music education, and is rigorous, a really rigorous curriculum, in a very poor part of memphis, and the kids are thriving. they were so much fun to be with, and they are brilliant, so to be able to document a school like that, and i have just heard about that through friends and education. to be able to make sure the others knew about the school and a hopefully note get it so they could make -- do more terrific

things, that was terrific. my favorite stories program are when i got to go to ethiopia and guatemala and tell stories their. there are such amazing experiences, and because i have worked in the world. unicef and care and other organizations, i am constantly on alert " for stories that hopefully will change our world and make it a little bit better. >> what was it like to be in the white us of the time of 9/11? what was the emotion like? >> i was not at the white house on september 11. i was away at college in texas, but, of course, we can all remember what september 11 was

like, and it was hard because my parents or their, and i was away from them. i think we came back, our parents got was plane tickets, and we flew home a couple of weeks after to make sure that we could all be together. i did not hear from them. i got taken to a hotel. and looked outside my apartment, and there were a lot of secret service, and i did not have a lot of secret service. i knew something was wrong. i turned on the tv. we got taken away to hotel. we did not hear from our parents until later. i am constantly meeting people vote the loss someone in the

world trade center, so i think it is something that will stay in our culture. and living in new york, 2, new yorkers of not forgotten. i do not think that most of america have not. it was no different from the event was for anybody else in america. >> how has college shape your life? >> i love college. i miss college preview of a very lucky. just remember that. one piece of advice that my mom had given me that both my sister and i tried to do, i think a good piece of advice is really to treat collidge like a job, because you are eventually going to have one, and the harder you work, the better you will do. also " take the hardest classes. find the best classes.

i know the mentality of "i just want the easy is class," but you are really in class to learn. you do not have that long. four years goes by so fast. especially junior and senior year, wrote i would try to find out who wrote the book, who is the best in the poetry class, who is the visiting writer, because i wanted to write. ... to get your masters or ph.d., there is no other way to get an amazing amount of information and to learn from these really talented professors calm so i would say that is my one piece of advice. i am sure you are like, "i wish but -- i do not want advice from her anyway." make sure that it is an excellent professor and that it is hard. that is what you guys are here

for. i love college. it shaped my life. i still write what they said to me in the creative writing department really shaped me. i can still hear it. one of the people of love is a published writer, a doctor in texas, he was at my wedding. i love him. he is really instrumental in helping me understand that i have the talent and not to be worried to put it out there, so enjoy college. >> jenna, do you see your mother and grandmother as role models for your teaching career? >> sure, my grandmother was not

a teacher, but she was a firecracker, so i find her a role model in terms of being a strong woman, and my mom, yes. she was a teacher. i was saying earlier that when somebody is so passionate about what they do, you can feel it, so when she would tell us stories about her kids and teaching, i always wanted that, to have that passion for something, and it was really fun, because my first teaching job was in d.c., and she was living there at the time, so i would go over at 7:30 or 8:00 to talk about the kids, and a lot of people would be turned up by back of the book of education, but if you are passionate about it, she loved it. she would always love to hear the stories, and she gave me great advice, working with

patience, as every first-year teacher needs to do. that was very memorable, those times with her. >> what do you think are the most challenging problems for america? >> i think education. we have talked a little bit about it, but i think education. you know, when you look get all of these issues, like health, malnutrition, nutrition, in disease, everything, poverty, every single thing, even violence can be broken, all of those cycles can be broken with education. that is all there is to it. education has the power to literally change people's lives, but it has to be a great education, and, unfortunately, in most of the world, kids are not getting that.

you see it on a larger level when you see lives being saved. in guatemala, she has got an education about to keep personnel and healthy and the supplements to help him do it. there is nothing more powerful than that, so i think education. i am also very interested in hiv/aids, but there is a lot. there is a thousand issues in our world, but i think we're becoming more of a global society, too. when i talk to young people, and i am sure you guys will agree, with the internet, phillie with a connected with people in other countries, to me, global issues are more important than some of the silly things we think about here in the united states. >> this person wrote the note

"my grandparents want to tell you that you are a "jm -- "gem."" >> grandparent's love me. it is not the young person feel i was going for, but that is better than nobody. thank you ever said that. i appreciate it. >> that was our last card. i want to thank you for coming to speak. >> thank you. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> and we are going to move outside now. you can have a picture with her. again, thank you for coming.

>> on "newsmakers," the head of drug policy for the white house talks about white house efforts to prevent prescription drug abuse and the efforts for a drug improvement on the mexican border. that is tonight on "c-span. bob dole was honored for his role in the creation of the world war ii memorial on the national mall. the interior department ceremony was led by former nbc news anchor tom brokaw. ken salazar was there. this is one hour 15 minutes.

>> senator dole, it is good to have you here, and the national park service is proud to be entrusted with the care of the memorial. >> the support of countless millions on the home front, and the bolten will sacrifice of 405 -- americans during world war ii. thank you for joining us today to honor one of those warriors, the man who led the campaign to

erect the national memorial. a citizen, a soldier, and statesman who has served this nation honorably and well for many years, senator robert dole. [cheers and applause] . [applause] to begin our ceremony today, i invite you to stand again for the presentation of our callers, and remain standing for the playing of our national anthem by the u.s. army band. please present the colors.

♪ [band playing \]

>> thank you. please be seated. may 29, 2004, it is when the memorial was dedicated. he is an author, his works have helped shed light on the generation. please welcome tom brokaw. [applause] >> thank you all very much, mr. vice president, mr. secretary, my great friend bob dole, distinguished guests, and all of you. i must tell you that it is so gratified to come to washington and be at an event that is a unifying moment in our lives. there are no red states or blue states here. we all belong to what i call the army of american citizens. we are all here because we're here to pay homage to what i call the greatest generation.

people have challenged me on that before, and i have told them that that is my story and that i am sticking to it. [laughter] we are your honor a man who has spent his entire life giving back to this country, my friend bob dole. [applause] when i got of the plane from new york, it was raining very heavily. my driver said to me, what are you going to do? this is going to be an enormous storm? and i said do not worry about it. god would not rain on bob dole's parade. [laughter] we are here to pay tribute. what we were witness to a

generation whose early lives were formed by not the great recession but the great depression, whose lives were of deprivation and sacrifice, but mostly about a common cause. and when they were just beginning to emerge from the darkness of that great depression, they were asked to go thousands of miles across be atlantic and thousands of miles across the pacific and fight the two greatest military machines that had ever been assembled, and they did that without hesitation, while a home, people grew more food. people went with less. factories worked overtime. we gave up on civilian vehicles so that we could turn out new armament, so the country could save the world, and it was nothing less than that at the end of that war. it would have been easy for those veterans to come home and

say, "i had done my share," but they did not. they did not put down their weapons and retreat to their communities and say, "it is up to someone else now." what they did instead was step forward, every waking moment of their lives, and no one represents that better than bob dole. now, it is my pleasure -- [applause] now, it is my pleasure to introduce a man who i had that conversation about the complete participation in world war two. a couple of years ago, there were some documentary's done that did not acknowledge as completely as they might have the role of latinos and hispanics in world war ii, and when of a stalking to then- senator salazar about that, he

said his family has been here since the 1500's, and he says he goes to the cemeteries and looks for those names of men primarily who were born, say, primarily in 1920, the then served in world war ii, wrote and then i look any newspaper of the people we lost this week in afghanistan, and once again, there was a latino marine whose home was in puerto rico, so these are unified events as we remember wars past, and as we remembered that we are now engaged in two of the longest wars in american history. and i am very pleased to introduce to you a man who has always been listed in the services of this country, a citizen of public service, the secretary of interior today, our host, ken salazar.

[applause] >> thank you very much, tom, for that wonderful introduction. on behalf of president barack obama, vice president joe biden, we want to welcome all of you here today to the national law as we welcome senator dole for his contributions. i welcome all of you as distinguished guests who have come here to honor him, including current and former members of the cabinet and united states senate and united states house of representatives. all of you have been very much a part of the wind beneath the wings of bob dole. it is an honor to see so many of you from both the senate and house who are here with the vice

president today with senator dole. american history is etched in the stones of our monuments and memorials. a book for a children and grandchildren to share in our past in what we call the front yard of america. we're joined today by world war ii veterans, public servants who have dedicated their service to our nation. senator dole brought people together. he was a statesman. he was a hero. he is a hero, and he is an unwavering advocate for the men and women in our military. it is because of the singular leadership that is world war ii memorial stands here today, and it is why millions of americans have better health care, better benefits, and more just treatment here at home. almost two years from today, i

was asked to help create this recognition for senator dole today. they talk to a national resources and rich history, and he said it was my job to recognize bob dole for his work. thank you. [applause] and in that effort, wrote those of us who were on the senate floor, like the vice president and myself, we will also often go on the floor, and i can remember senator robert saying, "you have to get this done for senator dole." so think you, senator robert, for your effort on this, as well. [applause] today is a rare and very special occasion.

i do not anyone who could do it more eloquently than tom brokaw. in celebrating bob dole for his lifetime of commitment, we also celebrate the greatest generation. in honoring senator dole today, we honor all of those of that generation, not people like my father and mother who were soldiers in that great war. as we honor them, we honor all of the men and women who answered the call of service during world war ii. more than 400,000 died, and millions more supported the war effort back home. we remember and honor all of them here today. we cherish their legacy, and we think one of their greatest heroes, bob dole, for what he has done for all of us. welcome, everyone, to this

event. [applause] >> when i began to write to "the greatest generation," i was remembering a senator dole, and i did not know a story that i would repeat wherever i go. as you know, senator dodd came back from the war deeply wounded from the italian campaign. he went to the hospital and stayed in a small war, next to a japanese american citizen from hawaii, who in heroic action have lost his arm, and in the third bed was a man from michigan, from detroit, from a family of political influence, and these three veterans would talk late into the night about what they would do with their lives next, and they decided at

the conclusion of their stay, as they returned to their home states, that they would devote much of their life to public service, depend it was bob, dan, and phil. these three men wounded in different theaters of the war really synthesized why we pay tribute to this generation and how much we owe them all. ladies and gentlemen, the senator. [applause] >> mr. vice president, elizabeth

and bob dole, and my fellow veterans, ladies and gentleman, 66 years ago, on april 14, 1945, a young platoon leader, in attendance, was leading his platoon in the mountain tops of northern italy, and suddenly, it became the major target of an artillery barrages. he was just filled with shrapnel and nearly lost his arm, but he kept on fighting, and he is still keeping up that fight, and that is bob dole. [applause] one week later, i got hit, and

we ended up in battle creek, mich., in a hospital, and somehow, we gravitated towards each other, and when i asked bob what are your plans, he said he was going to open in the state legislature but, first opening in congress, that is where i will be. so i said, "that is a good idea. [laughter] i got here in 1959. i said to bob dole, "bob, i am here. where are you?" i am fortunate. he is my buddy. he never gives up.

he was a tiger in battle creek. the physicians wanted to cut his arm off because it was useless. he said that he came here with two arms and legs and was leaving the same way. i just told elizabeth a few moments ago that this fellow is going to outlive us because he is a -- i will not use that word. [laughter] he is persistent. he never gives up. this monument in front of you would not be here if not for bob dole. there were hundreds of different groups having their own ideas of what should be done. there were hundreds of people against it to come and go into

court and fighting it. one man got all of us together, got the money raised, and here we have it. he went to court and did everything else. although we should not be recognized here individually, i felt that without one man in particular, this would not have happened. i persisted to have bob dole recognized for his work here. i am glad we're here to do exactly that. thank you very much. [applause] >> center roberts of kansas and

i have not talked about this, but i think we can guess that we have had shared experiences. we were both born before the war broke out. he was born in 1936. i was born in 1940. my entire life has been imprinted by the earliest memories i have of that war. i lived on an army base. everyone was going to war coming home from war. the restoring ammunition there in south dakota. i thought that war would go on forever. when it ended gratefully and we began a new life in this country , ithe late 1940's and 50's was surrounded by veterans of that war, the greatest generation, who never talked about their experiences. they were my coaches, sunday school teachers, the wives of the most heroic figures in our community.

they imparted to us in that generation the values that i hope are still with us today. i am confident that is the case of our next speaker, the distinguished senator from the great state of kansas, senator pat roberts. [applause] >> thank you, tom, for the kind introduction and the poignant remarks. i was listening to the timber of your voice and how your straight on with the message. have you ever thought about a career in broadcasting? [laughter] a would point out the fact was born in 1936 was classified until you let that out. [laughter] anyway.

what a great reunion. this is the dole family reunion sponsored by the people in the crowd. we have not had so much fun since we were campaigning in russell at the dairy queen. [laughter] it is both an honor and privilege for me to represent bob dole's home state of kansas as we dedicate the most fitting que.u the memorial would not exist if not for senator dole. my marching orders from on high are pretty clear. three minutes. i wondered about that with the vice president, but anyway. [laughter] he was writing his speech when we came in. three minutes and no cornball

roberts humor. on order is some of bob dole's american legislative record. that is like giving american history in three minutes. the challenges that his achievements are legion. to be honest and accurate, he did so much more as senate leader. he gave others the credit for it. as a marine, i take orders. hang on. most know or have a friend in hospice care. bob dole, house but it's care act of 1981. -- hospice care act of 1981. every rancher in kansas and american knows that bob rode point on every farm bill that came down the bill, emergency relief, conservation, and rural development, and a true champion for small-town america. social security reform, 1983.

yes, it can be done. millions of disabled americans live safer, better, and richer lives because of the americans with disability act of 1990. millions more are now partners in government with the voting rights act of 1965. 1983, the martin luther king holiday bill. what jumpstart of the multibillion-dollar biotechnology industry in the united states? alone dole act -- the little known dole act of 1980. millions of single parents do not have to worry about their kids facing on nutrition and hundred today because of food stamps, school lunch, breakfast programs -- 1997. the odd couple, dole and mcgovern. the telecom bill of 1995. the tax reform of 1986. the economic recovery and tax package of 1981. stalwart for our national security and troops -- every

year. i think you get it. the truth is his fingerprints have been on almost every piece of legislation prior to and during his years of leadership either in support, changing it for the better, or giving it a proper burial. the man was and is amazing. his record of public service, this memorial, the wounded warriors programs -- all of it. the world war ii has become a wonderfully unique place not really expected or predicted where veterans whose heroic efforts and sacrifice to preserve our freedom. they now come by the thousands. somewhat pretty slow. some not at all. -- some of them walk pretty slowly. some do not want it all. they come to recollect, shed tears, tell stories, left, and pray, and meet their brothers

and a once-in-a-lifetime remember this. it touches your heart. i know because i have taken part in these reunions with many others. i try to steal the way to the regina -- he would jima -- iwo jima memorial. it is a marine thing. the important thing is it is being recorded and understood by high-school students for years to come. americans across this country tell the tom brokaw's of today that there would like to see those of us in washington work together to face up to the challenges threatening our future and get the job done. well, you have shown that can be done. we all come to washington to make a difference. senator bob dole did just that. and with this memorial, he did so much more.

thank you. [applause] >> senator, thank you very much for those very appropriate remarks. i could not help but think as you were reciting extraordinary list of accomplishments initiated by senator bob dole is somehow -- that somehow he managed to do that without the help of regional -- rachel maddow bill o'reilly. someone else who has served the country in many capacities is with us today. you know her in washington as the two-term secretary of health and university services -- human services. i have always been impressed by a little-known fact of her earlier life that probably prepared her for the rigors of washington and being a university president in the modern age.

donna shalala grew up in cleveland and played on the girls' softball team that was managed by george steinbrenner. [laughter] if that does not prepare you for life, nothing will. ladies and gentlemen, donna shalala. [applause] >> i think i will live without it. thank you. i was taller before i came to washington the first time. [laughter] let me start by acknowledging my co-conspirator, sheila burke, bob dole's longtime chief of staff who worked three hard to make sure the state came to pass. it was a great honor to work with senator dole to help americans wounded warriors. to understand bob dole, you need to walk for veterans' hospitals and military hospitals and stand outside this memorial as he took

people who have served in the war on tours. you need to know how he touched so many americans and how he kept his commitment. here is a leader of intelligence, decency, and courage. every generation of my family has served in america's military. my earliest memories as a child were the two gold stars in the window of my grandmother's house. they remained there until she died 30 years after the end of world war ii. my grandmother wanted everyone to know and remember the ultimate sacrifice of her family, of her two son. what is remarkable about my friend is not that he never forgot the sacrifice of his generation but that he never let us forget the sacrifice of later generations. he spent his career working to define the role of government, to make every succeeding

generation the greatest generation. senator dole believes in the kind of politics "where conviction coexist with civility and the clash of ideas is never confused with holy war ." we honor the son of kansas today because he did not move on. he did not forget the men and women who served and sacrificed as he continued to serve and sacrifice. for all of that and more, he will always be my leader. thank you, senator dole. [applause] >> continuing in a bipartisan spirit, another man who has given so much of his life to public service. he lives next door in the state of idaho that has just as many

vowels and fewer people. the former secretary of the interior, former governor and senator from the state of idaho, the honorable dirk kempthorne. [applause] >> tom brokaw, thank you for all you do. vice president biden, secretary salazar, senator inouye, senator robert from the secretary -- senator roberts, secretary shalala, senator bob dole, senator elizabeth dole, and all citizens of this republic -- this is a magnificent memorial dedicated to those who sacrificed so that we would be the republic we are today. it seems so right and appropriate that this great memorial be here. but great things do not just happen.

three people make them happen. bob dole made this happen. recently, i spoke to two former senators who have the honor -- who i have the honor of serving with. they told me about a trip they took with senator bob dole in 1990 to the mountains of italy. morgan four decades after the battle has raged there, the citizens of the community young and old -- more than a quarter decades after the battle raged there, the citizens of the community, young and old, to affectionately greet come embrace, and honor a returning hero -- bob dole. on this trip, bob showed his fellow senators where he fought, was ultimately wounded, and where a medic and fellow soldier save his life that day on april

14, 1945. his life came dangerously close to being lost because of his sacrifice for freedom. the senators told me it was one of the most emotional events of their lives, when they will never forget. nor will america ever forget bob dole. on memorial day dedication three or four years ago, 5000 people gathered. these included veterans, families, and fellow citizens, members of the cabinet like myself were seated waiting for the president of the united states, george w. bush, to be ushered in after greeting the veterans. unaccompanied, unannounced, bob dole quietly entered the amphitheater and moved to his

seat. one by one as citizens began to see the figure of bob dole, they began to individually applied. the applause grew into a universal standing and a sustained ovation. you see, america recognizes a hero. america respects a hero. america reveres a hero. america honored a hero that day, bob dole. it is altogether fitting that today, we recognize, respect, and revere an american hero who is also the hero of this monument having been built. bob dole'names will be permanently etched into this magnificent monument as it will be permanently etched into the hearts of his fellow patriots

because that is where he rose reside -- heroes reside. god bless you for all you have done for this republic, the united states of america. [applause] >> nothing stops bob dole. nothing would stop this celebration, even the rain storms that were coming. this tent is here to protect all of you. this event would not have been possible if not for the national park service under the leadership of peggy o'dell with the park rangers. please give them a round of applause for keeping this going. thank you so much.

[applause] i would like to call center inouye -- senator inouye and senator roberts to join the vice-president to my right to help in the unveiling. this is not part of the script, but it makes more sense. all of you cannot see this. we had to put this together from 7:00 last night until this morning. otherwise, it would have been lifted up to a place very high. after the ceremony, we invite you to come and see it. it will be located on the world war ii memorial site itself. it is a dedication and recognition of senator dole and his efforts here at the world war ii memorial.

if you were standing here on what is hallowed ground for our nation, if you look to the east, you will see our nation's capital where so many of you have served. if you look behind us to the west, you see the lincoln memorial. if you look to the south, you will see the jefferson memorial. if you look to the north, you will see the white house. this plaque will put bob dole in the right place in history. he will live forever in our view. he has a long life ahead of him. the installation of this is very important to all of us who have worked on this so hard. i would like to have the vice president joined by senator inouye and senator robert, if senator dole would come up here for just a second --

danny, i think this just comes out. [applause]

[applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, we put this event together.

that is the plaque over there that will go up on the world war ii memorial. the vice-president is great at helping us when we miss our cue. thank you for pointing that out. ladies and gentlemen, we're absolutely inspired by people who served in that generation of world war ii people like senator dole and senator inouye. we're also so inspired by the fact that we have a vice president who has lived a life of sacrifice and courage. in his life, he has overcome huge obstacles that very few people in this country would have overcome. he never let those obstacles get in the way of serving the people of the united states. he was a very proud center for several decades in the senate. we're honored to have with us

the vice-president of the united states and his wife, jill biden. [applause] >> thank you very much. mr. secretary, thank you. i noticed when he said that we missed the senate floor, everybody grimmest. we actually do miss the senate floor. i miss the days when some of my colleagues sitting out here and i were serving on the floor. danny, it is always great to be with you. pat, i can see his face when he was saying that biden overcame a lot of obstacles. he was saying, "being biden was a hell of an obstacle." [laughter]

bob and elizabeth, it is great to see you. i also want to say hello to donna shalala who served this country with great distinction. it is an honor for jill and me to be here today with two men in particular, danny inouye and bob dole, from whom i learned so much over 30 years or more that i served with them. bob would suggest that i have not learned enough. i am trying, bob. [laughter] you all know the phrase from the great inaugural speech that the torch has been passed to a new generation of americans. born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of human rights to which

this nation has always and committed. we have heard those words hundreds of times since 1961 in that inaugural address. during his inaugural address, president kennedy was not only describing himself. he was describing bob dole and others of view who were so instrumental in shaping a generation that has become referred to as "the greatest generation." i believe my friend bob dole was one of the greatest of that generation. this memorial is testimony not only to what bob was able to build. this plaque is testament to all that bob and his generation

accomplished, defeating tyranny of broad, securing a said home, and sowing the seeds of freedom throughout the entire world. you all know what jill and i knew. bob's valor in the mountains of italy was matched by his moral courage as a political leader. sometimes that is as difficult. bob's courage on the battlefield was no different from his courage in the legislative arena. i was kidding bob as pat listed your accomplishments. i said that you would have a tough time today. but you never let anything stand in your way of helping people, giving them a second chance, and particularly helping your

beloved veterans. bob spent his entire career fighting to improve the lives of is that -- fellow veterans in making sure the record of the respect and dignity they had earned. in my 37 years of working with bob dole, he was all about serving the of her -- the other man and woman is dignity. i learned from bob dole going all the way back to 1972 as a 29-year-old kid when i got to the senate and had to wait to be sworn in. i learned that although we have multiple obligations to the nation, we only have one truly sacred obligation. we have numerous obligations, but once sacred obligation. that is to prepare those who we sent into harm's way and care

for them and their families when they return. it is the premier obligation. it is the first among our nation's obligations. ladies and gentlemen, no one has been more committed to going that obligation than bob dole. no one in the 38 years i have served in this town has been more committed. it seems appropriate that a plaque bearing his name for all of history to remember because of his life and service what he represented for an entire generation. it was not merely to be brave but also to be noble. long after wars come to an end,

long after the welcoming home parades have ended, long after the streets are renamed and the monuments are built, our nation's obligation to those who sacrificed so much will insurer -- endure. it must endure and recognized by all americans. i am absolutely confident that feats of hisand the generation will endure. they are all about what that generation stood for. every time we reach out to save a mother and child huddled in the mountains of sarajevo avoiding the hands of a bloody butcher, every time a young woman leaves the navy and is able to go from a modest background to receiving an education at one of our great institution, every time a

veteran heads to a v.a. hospital in gets the care they deserve, every time that happens, we will remember bob dole bo. bob, my generation and every other generation owes yours in debt of gratitude, one that can never be repaid. i remember being with him on the anniversary of d-day along with others in this room. i remember going all the way to normandy. i remember standing at the service. after the speeches were finished, i remember looking out of literally hundreds upon hundreds world war ii veterans walking along the beach, not

saying a single word. i remember going up to the cemetery overlooking the ocean. it was so perfectly manicured. i remember kneeling down in front of a small headstone. there were three names in a row with the same last name. it was a father and two sons. as i was squatting down looking at it, i could hear a man that sounded like my father. i turned around. there was a man in a wheelchair being wheeled across the grass by his three sons and his wife. they looked like hoss cartwright's boys. i walked up to him and said,

"thank you, we owe you so much." he saluted me. i saluted him back. i said that i should be saluting him. he reached back and padded his wife's hand and said to salute mary because she was the reason we won. she was building the landing craft getting ready for us. mary, mary. talk about an effort where everyone is in, all were in. of will remember this. i remember coming back to the floor, you, hal, danny and others began to reminisce before the morning business. i stood up to say some things. i say things i believe.

i said was an honor to be with all of you that i in the view -- envied you. i was 4f and did not serve in the vietnam generation. i said that i envied you standing there on the beachhead. as awesome as the task was, not a single man or woman got the landing craft without knowing why they were there. there was certainty, the absolute conviction that you knew what you were doing would determine the fate of your wife, children, parents for an entire generation. the uncertainty has been lacking in so many -- that certainty has been lacking in so many of our encounters since then. that generation is amazing. i will conclude by saying that

the reason i love bob dole is because he understands that there is still a generation making the same sacrifices. only this time, it is only 1% of the entire population making the sacrifice. over 1 million women and men, tens of thousands killed, wars that lasted longer than any war in american history. deployed three, five, seven times. i went to visit bob dole of the hospital. he was a walter reed telling me about the kids and telling me they're the greatest warriors this nation has ever produced. this is a man who knows who he is and what his generation did. this is a man who has as much faith in this generation of young americans as any man or woman alive. for that and so much more, we

owe him. bob, god bless you. may god protect our troops. [applause] >> it goes without saying that when you are in washington or anywhere in this country and you say "bob dole,"he has had at his

side another distinguished public servant serving at the highest echelons of government service and non-profit as well as serving her state in the congress of the united states. ladies and gentlemen, the woman who knows more about bob dole and the rest of us all do. we will hear some of that probably today. elizabeth dole. [applause] >> mr. vice president, you and mrs. biden honor us today with your presence. your participation makes this wonderful morning even more special and memorable. we deeply appreciate the commitment to america's veterans that you have exhibited throughout your remarkable public service career. mrs. biden, we are so grateful

that you and our first lady are doing such tremendous work for our military families. thank you so very much. [applause] thank you, tom brokaw, what a wonderful job you do as a master of ceremonies. a key for all you have done to shine a light on the courage, character, and contributions -- thank you for all you have done to shine a light on the courage, character, and contributions the in of athlete named as "the greatest generation." senators, donna shalala, thank you for your beautiful tribute to my husband and for all that he did to make this day possible. god bless each of you for what you have done. when secretary salazar asked me to introduce bob dole, i was tempted to talk about his many

accomplishments and remarkable qualities. i am resisting the temptation for two reasons. first, such an endeavor would keep us here until sunset. second, if i did so, i would only be repeating what you already know. you know the remarkable courage the bob exhibited when he wore the uniform of our country and the courage he has shown every day since his life was changed on april 14, 1945. that was 66 years ago this thursday. you know that america's veterans could not have asked for a more committed or effective advocate. you know that the plaque dedicating this morning is richly deserved because this memorial would not have become a reality without his leadership. you know the esteem in which he was held by his congressional colleagues on both sides of the aisle and that he was elected six times by the senate

republicans to serve as their leader. time after time, senate employees, elevator operators, cafeteria workers, capitol police voted bob dole of the nicest senator. you know his fingerprints can be done on almost every major piece of legislation passed during his years on capitol hill. you know that he has shown a strong leaders not only need a good bet to, they need a good funny bone -- not only needed the back bone, they needed it funny bone. throughout his life and career, he has steadfastly exhibited the qualities of honesty, integrity, modesty, decency, fairness, love of god, and the love of country. you know all that and more. but what you may not know is that the qualities that bob dole exhibits in public are also the

qualities that the exhibits in his private life. he may not know the many programs he has established since leaving the senate to help solve the problems of people with disabilities, senior citizens, and those suffering from cancer. no one will ever know for sure how many lives is very private man saved when he decided to talk publicly about his experience with prostate cancer and a crusade for psa tests. you may not know how many veterans this private man inspired when he shared the impact of his war experiences, he finally shared them in his book "one soldier's story." you may not know the number of friends in need and strangers to whom he has given generously and anonymously. 30 trusts that he has set up for his nieces, nephews, great

nieces, great nephews, and even their babies. you may not know about the countless letters and phone calls he has responded to from family members of veterans asking him to write or call a loved one in need of encouragement or the fact that for decades, he has quietly visited patients in veterans hospitals and veterans' homes all across america. you may not know about the hundreds of times at this memorial he has welcomed his fellow world war ii veterans traveling on on our flights in the hours that he spent with them sharing stories and tears. you may not know that during the recent bout of medical challenges that would have defeated those half his age, he persevered without a moment of self pity and without complaint -- just as he did when he returned home severely wounded after the war. whenever he could during his hospitalization, he would spend time talking with wounded

warriors from iraq and afghanistan. i think these heroes inspired each other. you may not know that nearly 15 years after he left the senate, he still spends his days thinking of ways to encourage our lawmakers to make america better. you may not know how much bob dole means to me. what do you say when you introduce the man who for 35 years as did your precious husband, your best friend -- has been your precious husband, your best friend, and personal rock of gibraltar? you say, "i love you, i admire you, i thank god every day for bringing new into my life. " ladies and gentlemen, my husband bob dole. [applause]

[applause] >> i was all right when i came. well, i am very honored to be here. i am speaking for all veterans

when i speak about the plaque and what it means to me. i share that view with millions of americans and veterans, 25 million others. i want to thank elisabeth for saying such nice things about me after 35 years, but even more for believing them. [laughter] [applause] what i would like to do as i look around the audience, there are not many people i do not know in this room. i picked up ed hammond yesterday from kansas state college. i am glad you are here. no refunds. [laughter]

if i introduced everyone, that would even push senatorial standards. i will just say a special word of gratitude to tom brokaw. when i called his office, his secretary said -- i think you were overseas somewhere, saudi arabia or solme foreign place. i thought he might say yes because we are. friends. within three or four days, i had a positive answer. that made me feel like this event was going to be a great success. emcee, i brokaw is the m know half of you are here to see tom brokaw. [laughter] i appreciate it very much. he has done as much for his generation to tell the story

about our generation as anybody i know. i kind of doubt that the memorial would be here if it had not been for all of tom brokaw's influence in making world war ii veterans realize they did provide freight service and did make sacrifices. he kind of broad everybody together. -- it kind of brought everybody together. i want to thank my co-chaired who could not be with us today. without his incredible dedication and generosity, this memorial probably would not be finished. it would be started but not finished. i want to thank ken salazar, ed roberts, dirk kempthorne, sheila burke, rodney armet, who joined forces with senator inouye to make this day possible. i know others participated. i was in walter reed hospital

for 11 months last year. i sort of missed all of the action about who was working on this. if i have missed anybody, i apologize. i want to recognize a more recent colleague in secretary shalala who is a distinguished public servant with a passionate commitment to america's veterans. we shared a commission on veterans' care -- we chaired the commission on veterans' care. i cannot tell you what a worker she is and how she is committed. there is never a dull moment when you work with donna shalala -- when you work for donna shalala. 1 i got that wrong. [laughter] most of all, i want to thank the citizen-soldiers, farm boys,

factory workers, recent immigrants as diverse as america itself for all that you did to preserve civilization when it was most endangered. in my lifetime, i have seen walls go up and walls come down. i have seen planes flown into buildings and murder confused with martyrdom. that is not all that i have witnessed. mine is the generation of vanished polio, jim crow, invented the computer, and left footprints on the surface of the moon. i once described myself -- this was in 1996. [laughter] i describe myself as the most optimistic man in america. how could you live through what i have and be anything else? 66 years have passed since another april 12 when franklin

roosevelt's great heart gave out in georgia. that morning, he put the finishing touches on the jefferson day speech to be delivered to the days later. he wrote that more than an end to war, we want an end to the beginning of all wars. we want an end to the brutal, in human, and in practical mess of settling differences between governments. to some, this might appear visionary, but not to the leader whose last words were appropriately words of encouragement. "the only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. let us move forward with strong and active faith." like president roosevelt, we can all pray for a world without war and no monuments in the

meantime. we can thank god for the qualities of courage and character, service and sacrifice that protect our freedoms and dispel our doubts. let others imagine the worst. i am still the most optimistic man in america. thank you. [applause]

[applause] [applause] >> thank you, senator dole. there's not much more that can be said, obviously. one personal reflection. when senator dole began the campaign to raise the money for the world war ii memorial, he called me and said he could use some help. we began to talk about who he could go see. he went to see a very wealthy hollywood mogul who had a lot more money than he deserved, quite honestly. [laughter] bob asked for his help.

the hollywood mogul turned him down and said that he had other priorities. bob said to him that when he was 22, he had other priorities but went to war. [applause] a just past the vice-president mrs. biden is still here. she had to leave to go back to the white house for a ceremony that will take place shortly to help the families of those who are in uniform now. i think that might be it. note on which to end. we gather here to remember the great generation and the sacrifices they made for all of us. we realize how we are the beneficiaries. there are young men and women in uniform at this hour or going out on missions in afghanistan

and iraq. i just got back from eighth or ninth trip to iraq. we still have 45,000 people they're in harm's way. -- that are in harm's way. during world war ii, we were all making sacrifices and contributions. these families now, too many of them feel that they are living in their own kind of war zone. in minneapolis mother is said to me that you know you are the mother of a serviceman in iraq when you go home and pull the blinds across the front window so you do not see the military vehicle with the chaplain arriving in your driveway. as we leave here today, i hope we will pay honor to bob dole especially in the members of that generation. remember as well that we have another great generation serving all this right now in harm's way in distant lands. it is my pleasure to introduce to you the reverend barry black

, united states chaplain who will offer the benediction. >> let us pray. gracious god, you have blessed us beyond our deserving, making our nation a land of liberty. you are the giver of every good and perfect gift. lord, we thank you for the exquisite gift of bob dole, for his patriotism, passion, optimism, and perseverance. help us to learn from this

nobleman, to # hour days so that we may have parts of wisdom, glorifying you with integrity, inspired by his selflessness. give us the grace to think not a full weekend get -- to think not of what we can get of what we can give it with a new purpose that will please you. less senator -- bless senator dole and his beloved elizabeth. staying with your presence in their coming out and going in, rising up, line down, moments of pleasure and sorrow, their labor and leisure, until they cross

the bar. there they will see you finally, face-to-face, and hear from your lips the precious words, "well done, good and faithful servants. you have been faithful over a few things. i will make you a ruler over many things. enter now into the joys of your award." we pray this prayer in the name of him who has been our help in ages past and our hope for years to come. amen. >> ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much. that concludes the ceremony.

[applause] ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [band plays "god bless america"] ♪

>> now available, the c-span u.s. congressional directory. inside, new and returning members, committee assignments, and number -- informational the white house and governors. order online at c-span.org/shop. " newsmakers" is gil kerlikowske. thank you for being with us. let me begin with the news of this past week -- the biggest problem in terms of drugs, not illegal drugs, but prescription drugs. are their pockets in the country

where you see a higher rate of this due to the economy? >> we do get more pockets, as you said, but i am not sure it is related to the economy. quite often, when i talk to people affected by prescription drugs, it was perhaps because of an industry -- an injury in the mining industry. that would rollover into addiction. >> why are doctors providing these kinds of drugs to these people? >> there are good reasons. the medical profession came to the conclusion they were under treating pain. that was probably quite true. the pendulum has swung the other way now and the number of prescriptions being written for -- the difficulty around a medical community is in the fact they do not actually have as much information in training and education about addiction, pain education about addiction, pain