lived, on the "q & a." >> the nasa administrator vowed to maintain america's position in human space flight. the final mission for the space shuttle program will launch on july 8. the former astronaut expects private companies will ferry cargo to the international space station in less than a year, followed by a human transport in three years. he is joined by mark kelly, husband of gabrielle giffords. this is about one hour. >> to donate to programs, you can see our web site about that.

on behalf of our members worldwide, i would like to welcome our speaker. our table includes guests of our speaker as well as working journalists. if you hear applause, we would note that members of the general public are in attendance. i would like to welcome our c- span, and television audiences as well as those on public radio. it is also featured on our podcast from the national press club available for free download from itunes. you can follow the action on twitter. after our speech concludes, we will have a q&a. capt. kelly has agreed to make some comments toward the end of the program. i will introduce each of you. i would ask you to stand up as your name is announced. we will begin from your right.

he is a writer and editor of the kipling your and is a member of the speaker's committee. he is director of client services and the dynamic chair of our events committee. he is doing a fabulous job. jim is the managing editor. david weaver is the administrator for communications at nasa. mark is the managing editor for digital news at npr. captain mark kelly is an astronaut, shuttle pilot, shuttle commander, and commander of the final mission for endeavour. the only spouse of a member of congress who less traveled into space. he is not just any -- it is kebra a difference. -- gabrielle giffords. [applause]

we will skip over the podium for a moment. she is the committee chair who helps to get things going for our committee. we will skip over the speaker. he is the director of the associated press broadcast. he has organized lunches in a short amount of time and we're grateful for his work. lori is the deputy minister later. alain is director in chief of aerospace america. . he is a commentator for russia today. our partners in space. mark is the executive director and a former vice president of communication. he is also a former security assignment editor at abc news.

today's newsmaker luncheon is not just about administrator charlie bolton but also about the future of nasa. it is about his vision and some daunting and budgetary realities and how he will deliver. headquartered here in the nation's capital with more than 18,000 employees, many more working as contractors, nasa also runs 10 field centers, seven test and research facilities, and boasts of global leadership through a variety of strategic, domestic and international relationships. nasa has a rich history of unique scientific and technological achievements. the most visible -- visible projects have been the space shuttle missions for the past three decades. the shuttle program is now ending. there is no immediate

replacement in sight. critics have been skeptical of what nasa will or might become. our speaker insists there is no retreat from leadership in human spaceflight but a shift to doing even more more affordably and building on nasa strike and working with the private sector and partners. it is important to understand what makes our speaker tick and how limited to the top of our nation's space agency. lee the sacker not -- second astronaut in that role. in just two weeks, he will begin his third year as the 12th of nasa administrator and we will watch him watch the final space shuttle launch one week from today. he is a retired major general and he was in for 34 years. he was named administrator by the president in 2009. in 2002, president george w. bush tried unsuccessfully to name in the space agency's deputy administrator. the pentagon insisted he was too valuable to them, and a brief preview of his career may

explain why. born and raised in columbia, south carolina, his parents were educators. his staff helps save this -- say this helps explain a drive to inspire young people his father served in the army during world war two and taught history and coached football. our guest occurs naturally involved in sports while his mother kept her son interested in the community and academics. it was to meet his future bride when he was 3 years old. their parents had been classmates and a mother and father were also local educators. in high school, he was the water boy for his father's football team. that is good practice for working in washington [laughter] he was also the trainer, manager, and backup quarterback. he saved a game in 1963. he grew up believing he could do anything with hard work. he set aside on a point to the naval academy, something that was not in the cards in the segregationist south. unable to get a recommendation, he wrote vice-president johnson but was told to write back when he was older.

after president kennedy was assassinated and johnson became president, he wrote again in two weeks later a navy recruiter knocked in his door and the rest is history. at the naval academy, he was elected president of his classic graduated in 1968 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the marines and later was a naval aviator stationed in thailand and the more than if 100 sorties over vietnam, laos and cambodia. stationed in california, he served in a variety of positions in the marines and earned master's from usc in 1977. it is assigned to the naval test pilot school where he completed training in 1979. one of our speakers mentors was ron mcnair killed in the challenger disaster. he convinced him to apply to the after not corporate in 1980, he selected -- nasa selected our guests bigger as an astronaut candidate. in 1981 he qualified as only one of eight marines in the shuttle program and the first african-

american marine to become an astronaut. he flew four shuttle missions between 1986-1994. this first including representative bill nelson of florida as a congressional observer. others included commission that the plug the hubble space telescope. many important assignment ended. in 1997, he was named deputy commanding general of the first marine expeditionary force in the pacific. in 1998, he served as commanding general to the 1st marine force forward in support of operation desert thunder in kuwait. in 1998, he was promoted to major general and named deputy commander of u.s. forces in japan. is served as commanding general of the third marine aircraft wing and 10 air station and retired in 2003. his military decorations include the defense superiority metal and distinguished flying cross and was inducted into

u.s. astronaut hall of fame in 2006. he and his wife have two children, a son who is a marine corps lieutenant-colonel and a daughter who is a medical doctor and he is a proud grandfather. please give a warm and national press club welcome to a man who has worn many hats including a, or two and earned his stripes in the process, nasa administrator charles bolton. [applause] >> thank you very much for that introduction. i can tell that my mother was looking down on us from heaven right now wrote it for you [laughter] . she would love that. i don't believe much of it. it is an honor for me to be here with you today. to say i am humbled is to put it mildly. looking out on this audience and recognize and all of you who are here, is just a very humbling feeling to be here.

to have this opportunity to represent what i think are one of the two most incredible organizations on the face of the earth right now is nasa and the other is the united states marine corps. i'm especially proud to represent the nasa team and joined by my deputy lloyd garver who is a long time space enthusiast. she ran the national space society for a while. she is probably more of a space buffs than i am. she has a son who is 16 named michel was a football player. he is a good football player. i was a lousy football player who just was blessed to have my starting quarterback go down so i could get in the game. i could not throw. i could not run. i was a heady quarterback in my starting quarterback was

injured, my father looks down the bench and saw me and i could see his heart starts to pound. [laughter] he called me up and tell me to go in. he told me not to throw the football. [laughter] it was on the evening of the day that president kennedy was assassinated. for me, it was a day that i shall long remember. it was a dark evening especially to be playing for the state championship in south when he sent me in and said don't for the ball, i went in and did my best. as the game was winding down, my best friend came in with a play from the sidelines and the play was 88 left. that is a past life. i look to the bench that my dad and i knew that gary had made this up because he was a tight end [laughter] i figured he can and called his own plight. -- play.

i looked to my dad and he said yes. i call polite and faded back and through this wobbly pass and a good thing was that there was a really good tight end at a man is to catch the ball in the hands of and we won the game. i became a local hero if only for a moment. that is my story of football. mitch is a much better quarterback. i call him my adopted son or godson because i am really impressed with his ability. also with us on monday amazing group of astronauts who made a special program what it is today is captain mark kelly. mark is a dear friend and probably more important, but is the husband of a dear friend, congresswoman gabrielle giffords. the chief of staff is here and pia may give to me some time ago when i visited gaby in the hospital. when asked what these things

are that i wear. one is for my fraternity. one is just a bracelet. this is my 'i love gabby' band. it has now become even more special because in a trip to europe in the last couple of weeks, we have an opportunity to have an audience with the pope and the pope blessed the best. -- this. i count it as special for me. mark has already been introduced and you know what he has done. i want to thank you very much for your dedication and what you have done for nasa and the nation. it was very special, something you did not have to do and i understand the sacrifice you went through. i am pleased you're with us today. [applause] it goes without saying that our contingent present our continuing thoughts and prayers

are with gabby. we watch her ongoing a miraculously recovery and we pray that that continues. one week from today, nasa will launch its final space shuttle mission. we will be turning the page and remarkable. and then america's history and beginning the next chapter in our extraordinary story of exploration. from the early exploits of daniel boone, lewis and clark, and robert parry, to the break returns of alan shepard and john glenn, americans have always been a curious people. we're bold enough to imagine the world's, ingenious enough to chart a course to them, and courageous enough to go for it. the gifts of knowledge and innovation that we have brought back from the unknown have played their part and the building of a more perfect union. some say are final shuttle mission marked the end of america's 50-year dominance in human space flight. as a former astronaut and the current nasa administrator, i am here to tell you that

american leadership in space will continue for at least the next half century because we have laid the foundation for success. for us at nasa, failure is not an option. we have the opportunity to raise the bar. we will demonstrate in human beings can do if we are challenged and inspired to reach for something just out of our grasp but not out of our sites. president obama has given us a mission to focus again on the big picture of the exploration and the crucial research and development that will be required for us to move beyond it or bad. he has charged as the carrying out the inspiring missions but only nasa can do which will take us farther than we have ever been, to orbit mars and a dead man's land on it. he has as to start planning a mission to an asteroid and right now, our don space craft is approaching one of the biggest in the solar system, vesta and we are scheduled to

drop into orbit around that asteroid this month. what it finds out could help inform such a future mission to an asteroid. the president is asking us to harness that american spirit of innovation, the drive to solve problems and create capabilities that is so embedded in our story and has led us to the mon, to great observatories, and two humans living and working in space, possibly indefinitely. that american ingenuity is alive and well. it will fire up our economy and help us create and when the future. -- and when the future. only if we put aside our differences and work hard and dream big, and imagine and was possibilities. the space shuttle is an amazing vehicle. the incredible program it pioneered has taught us many things, and helped make

tomorrows exploration possible. every shuttle mission has showcased the amazing talents and expertise of each of our astronauts in robotics and science. each mission was different. each was exceptional and challenging and expanded our capabilities as a nation and the world. the atlantis destination next week, the international space station, is the centerpiece of our human space flight activities for the coming decade. with almost 1 million pounds of hardware clock measuring over the length of a football field and with an interior volume > i 747 aircraft, traveling at 17,000 miles per hour around the earth, 16 times every normal earth day, it is occupied by an international crew of sex, -- six actively participating in over 100 research investigations at any given time. and a little over a decade, the

iss has expanded our knowledge of living and working in space and has become one of the most important beacons of international cooperation as orbit our earth. the station is the pinnacle of our current achievements. it is a stepping stone to the rest of the solar system and the tip of what comes next. the shuttle allowed us to build and support the station and the orbiting outpost research capabilities are unprecedented. the station has housed more than 1200 experiment to date. it supports more than 1600 scientists representing 59 countries worldwide. every research investigation in all the systems that keep the iss operational out -- teaches have to explore for their fur from our planet and improve life here. studies from our boys refund -- bodies respond increased respond to environmental make

sure we can live and work successfully as we travel farther from work and better understand the impact of medical conditions encountered in space and here on earth. solar power and water processing are two examples of how we learn to better operate spacecraft independent of resources applied for murder. -- from earth. we need to break the ties to our home planet and learn to live and work in space without direct dependence on earth. the iss can be a platform to learn the skills. technology demonstrations on the iss will support future emissions and improve the reliability of future life- support systems. all the many other things we will need to understand in depth to really become a people who can safely reach our destination when i hear people listen to the media reports and they say that the final shuttle flight marks the end of u.s. human space flight, i have to tell you -- you almost living on another planet.

[laughter] we are not ending human space flight. we are recommending ourselves to it and taking necessary and difficult steps today to ensure america's pre-eminence in human space exploration for years to come. we have to do things differently. for one, we have to get out of the business of owning and operating lower orbit transportation systems and hand off to the private sector. when to exercise sufficient oversight to ensure safety of our astronauts. we need to focus on deep space exploration while empowering today's and abettors an entrepreneur is to carry out the rest. this new approach to getting our crews in part of into warburg will create good jobs and expand opportunities to the american economy. let me be crystal clear about this -- i believe -- i believe that american companies and their spacecraft should send our astronauts to the international space station

rather than continuing to outsource this work to foreign governments. that is what this administration is committed to and that is what we are going to do. along with supporting this iss and commercial crew transportation, we will pursue a deep space crew vehicle and an evolving heavy lift rocket. we will make the technology investments required to begin the year of deep space exploration today. our destinations for human beings beyond earth remains ambitious. they include the moon, after riots, and mars. -- asteroids and mars. our investments and the systems, and research will prioritize a logical sequence of future human exploration missions and 40 -- forge a tighter bond between robotic and human exploration. the debate is not if we are

going to explore, but how we will do it. not if there will be human space flight, but the right path to the next generation of systems. the shuttle is an expensive system to maintain. it has served us well, incredibly well, but now is the term to cut the cost of transportation to lower ore and foster the american aerospace base and it's amazing potential to become a job-creating engine for decades to come. the 21st century mission will focus on the transportation systems that will carry us beyond where we have been, to new destinations and new milestones in the annals of human history. we are one week from a very important spaceflight milestone but far, far from the final one. we celebrate the shuttle bus 30 years of success which is longer than any other human spaceflight program. the shuttle has expanded our picture of what it means to be an astronaut and we salute the hundreds of men and women who have carried out the programs

missions both in space and on the ground. we also remember the hard lessons that have helped us to continually improve safety. we shall always remember the crew is asts-51l challenger and columbia who made the ultimate sacrifice. i spent 14 years at nasa before leaving and returning to head the agency. some of the people i respect most in the world are my fellow astronauts. some of my best friend died flying on the shuttle. i am not about to let human spaceflight go away on my watch. i'm not going to let it flounder because we pursued a path that we could not sustain. it is vital that we keep exploring not only so we can learn to live and work other places and find out what it

means for us as the human race but also so the benefits of that exploration continued to return to earth. we keep generating new knowledge about our planet and universe and new solutions to the challenges our planet faces on many levels. president obama has quit nasa -- put nasa and several other technology-focused agencies at the forefront of innovation for our country. we are pleased to be an essential part of this national focus on research and development which will greatly improve our future and give coming generations more choices in how they face planetary challenges and seek knowledge about the universe beyond. we will maintain and grow u.s. leadership in space and derive all the benefits that flow from it. tomorrow's space program is taking shape right now. earlier this year, i made a decision to base the new multi- purpose crew vehicles ormpcv on the original work we have done on the overall encapsule.

-- orion capsule. the spacecraft will carry four astronauts 421-day missions and be able to land in the pacific ocean. how is designed to be much safer during ascent and entry than the shuttle. we're nearing a decision on a heavy lift rocket, the space launch system, forsls and we will announce that soon. complement by technology development, these two systems will open up the entire solar system to us. i have established program offices for bothmpcv and sls at the johnson space center in houston and hawksbill, alabama respectively. i have established our crew at the kennedy space center and will work on upgrading the launch facilities. we will accommodate more kinds of users. speaking of those facilities across the agency, we have had a tremendous interest from our commercial space partners in

reusing releasing these assets. we're close to making some major announcements about them soon. the reuse of our unique nasa assets like the orbiter processing facilities will help these companies keep their costs down and create jobs for the space industry of tomorrow. the mid-atlantic regional is taking shape our plight facility in virginia. while the first customers will be the orbital corporation. last week, we issued a call for proposals from mission concepts studies of a solar electric assault -- propulsion system demonstration. that is what the many technologies we need to advance and validate as the sea to reach those farther destinations. consider how the architectural options for human exploration of our solar system will change as we develop space technologies for which there is wide consensus that we need.

better in state -- and space propulsion, refueling depots on orbit, inflatable habitats, high reliability life-support systems, high bandwidth communications at, adaptive avionics, radiation protection, integrated human and robotic systems, and precision navigation. our partners in the commercial orgel transportation services program continue to meet milestones. the new participants in the second round of our commercial crew have met their first set of milestones required by nasa had are on a path for continued success. recently, my dear lauri garver have visited our partners who are working diligently the systems that are developing are amazing. the energy and ideas in the field are palpable. all of this in the early days of our push into the next chapter of human space flight.

in addition to this human -- to our human spaceflight progress, we have a large number of amazing science missions coming up. in the next six months, we will launchjuno to jupiter. we put the don satellites into orbit around a giant asteroid in the main asteroid belt for the first time later this month. in september, we launch a gr winail probes -- we launch the twin grail probes. we will peer deeper into the universe. at the same time, we will advance aeronautics research in partnership with other agencies and the aircraft industry to create a safer and more environmentally friendly and efficient air travel network call nextgen. the aerospace field faces many

significant challenges but challenges can also serve as catalysts for innovation. hop no dou we will have to -- no doubt we will have to develop new ways of doing business for the zero ryan government and industry team has shown exceptional creativity in finding ways to keep costs down through new management techniques, technical solutions, and innovation. at this historic moment, america is leading once again by making hard choices that will define the an usew. we're taking the bold actions because that is what we need to do to create and win the future. thanks to the many achievements of nasa and its partners, the brave and talented men and women who have soared into space and developed so many cutting edge science missions, we now have a strong foundation from which to pursue these larger goals. the show gave us tremendous insight on how humans can live, travel, and work in space.

because of the shuttle, a we haveiss which is giving us the breakers in human health research that will help us reach and return from those new destinations and inspire the next generation of leaders. we have choices today -- do we want to keep repeating ourselves or do we want to look at the big horizon and to inspirational things we have already challenged ourselves to do. my generation to the moon. iss and today nasa wants to touch an asteroid and send humans to mars. nasa is moving forward in making change because the status quo is no longer acceptable. when the future generations to be able to do more than we can to that. the students and early career scientists and engineers i speak to around the world have a ton of energy and enthusiasm.

they are excited about the chance to do something new and be on the ground floor of the next big frontier of human exploration. baked -- but they're to put their big ideas into practice and they should. if you're studying in a discipline today, you'll have a great career ahead of you. it is not just that nasa but other government agencies or in private industry or academia. when that final shuttle landing occurs and the cheers and tears subside, we will keep on moving toward where we want to go next. your kids and my grandkids, they will do things that today we can barely dreamed of. our nation has made great progress throughout its history by innovating solutions to meet grand challenges, to build an intercontinental road, or landham @ moon and return safely to earth. this created new technologies and innovation along the way.

these achievements inspired generations to pursue challenging goals, created new industries, and ultimately improve our country and our world. 50 years ago, a young president gave nasa a grand challenge -- one chosen not for its simplicity but for its audacity. "to best measure and organize our collective energies and skills." in accounting that goal, nasa not only defined america, it made a lasting imprint on the economic national security and geopolitical landscape of our times. today, we have another young president, barack obama, who has outlined an urgent national need to out-innovate, out- educate, and out-build our competitors and create new capabilities that will take us farther into the solar system and help us learn even more

about our place in it. president obama not only honors the kennedy space legacy but also, again, challenges this nation with his vision for the next era of exploration. let me tell you, nasa is ready for the grand challenge. thank you all for blessing me by allowing me to be here. i will take questions, i guess. [applause] >> thank you, administrator. we have a lot of questions coming from the audience area. we want to give captain kelley an opportunity to speak before the top of the hour. i want to talk about the environment we are now operating in in washington.

the news of the day involves the budgetary reality. it seems as if right now there are a lot of wheels in motion there seems to be a lot of risk to the federal funding environment. the white house and congress are trying to come to terms with an agreement avoiding a rather dangerous debt ceiling deadline. we have a short-term problem and we have a long-term problem. can you talk about the risk to the work you're talking about in the short term as well as the sec intermediate or longer-term because of this problem alone? >> as i have tried to say in my remarks, america is the foremost leader in space exploration. there is no question about that. when i talk to my international partners, they acknowledged that. we will explore and we have

said on a course where we will explore even farther into deep space. our focus right now is to safely fly out the shuttle program was started some six years ago with a very well- organized transition plan. markell the next the last mission and will launchscs-135 next week and bring it safely back to earth and effectively close out the space shuttle program. we have the 2010 authorization act produced by a bipartisan vote of congress and signed into law by the president and formulated or supported with a full year cr that provides our funding. through boat -- through bipartisan action the elements of that act, i talked about my comments. i am very confident that in spite of all else around us, our future is bright. it is most important that america remain the leader.

our primary focus after the shuttle will be to make sure that we have a viable, domestic space industry so we don't have to rely on international partners to get us to and from the international space station. >> it seemed as of the cause of the budgetary environment we are encouraged that there is a general acceptance of the idea that we need to hand off a good deal of this work to the private sector. in an environment where the rest seems to be rising and essentially america cannot afford a lot of things, is the risk of growing that the government cannot be as much in the business of space in the future? >> i want to remind everybody that our turn to him rely on commercial entities for providing access to lower orbits started long before the present economic crisis. a national space act of 1958 which established nasa said to

the greatest extent possible, use commercially-viable companies to achieve your goals. we have been doing that for years. the previous administration after the columbia accident said we need to bring about a viable commercial space industry so that nasa can be about exploration variant everyone has always known that owning and operating a lower orbit transportation system is not in the best interest of the nation. it detracts in the ability of our industry to grow and run that particular aspect of space flight. this did not start as a result of the crisis and it is not a response to our financial crisis. this is the smart thing to do. >> what about at the moment? >> why first became the nasa administrator, my pledge was maintained -- was to maintain the safety. i want to maintain the safety of crews operate on the international space station and that has not changed.

we will safely fly out the shuttle and safely operate the station and safely operate or oversee the operation of the commercial space entities. i am very confident that will be done well. if you look at any of the major companies today whether they are under an oral or otherwise, in many of them, you'll see faces familiar to you. they will be former astronauts who are now in executive positions. spacex has a few former nasa folks. i am very comforted and confident that safety will not be compromised. we have nasa engineers, scientists, flight directors, and flight controllers who are now transitioning to the new of arena for access to lower orbit. >> we have had some of our

space heroes testify on capitol hill. they said that they think the national security is innately tied to the nation's space program. they say there's a certain level of uncomfortableness with doing business with international partners to some degree. to what degree can you recognize the ability -- the validity of the passionate argument they make? >> i consider everybody personal friends and i have the utmost respect for them. some of them are mentors and heroes but i respectfully disagree with the positions they have taken because we are doing things that are in the national interest that will insure our national security by producing -- by facilitating the

success of a viable commercial space industry for this nation. we'll grow our technology and jobs. i think everyone will admit that what is most important to the nation today is increasing our technological work force and ensuring our people of places to work, and the space program that president obama and visions and -- envisions and it is my task to carry out with the help of our nasa contractors and civil servants is a viable and vibrant commercial use to get to lower orbit while we explore. when i flew the hubble space telescope mission, i don't anybody imagined what it would do to change our world and our perspective on the universe. without shovel, hubble would not be in existence today. it would not be writing the text books on planetary science and other things of that nature.

we will continue to do that. i was with some congressional intern's earlier in my class than if anybody had had a parent or relative had to go to the hospital in and ems vehicle and several than said they had. i s to that struck you as strange that the doctor know everything about their vital signs and new exactly where to put them? that was not planned that way. it happens because we decided following president kennedy that we were going to send human to themoon and we realize that a quarter of a million miles is far away and we don't have that much cable. we had to have find ways to find out our astronauts are doing. wireless communication and instrumentation develops. it was not because we knew we needed it but because of necessity. that is what space exploration does. that is what is so important that i be able to carry out

president obama's vision for increasing the amount of technological development we do in this nation. it is vital for our national security. i would say don't be fooled by anybody who says that space is not important and the things we do are not important. they are vital for our national security and. >> you mentioned earlier that orbital science andspacex are the partners you have now. since there is a great deal of hinterland between defense contractor and the space business, how do you guard against transfer of some of this technology to governments that might be hostile to us? >> i don't have a real problem with that. there are lots of laws that help me make sure i don't do that. if i go back to how we will explore -- you may have mentioned that we will be awhile without being able to do things in space and that is not

entirely accurate. those two entities in less than one year will be providing under contract for us access to low-earth orbit and access to cargo. we don't want to rely on international entities and there will be certain things we can do domestically that take care of national security interests. growing international partnership and expanding our international outrage is critical. is a vital part of our national security policy. we need to have our on domestic capabilities used in times where it is critical for us to do things alone. >> realistically, how soon you think a commercial company will be flying astronauts? how would you feel about flying commercial? [laughter] when we asked the commercial

entities how long it will take, about three years after we let the first contractor in. we should have a viable commercial capability to take humans to space. i think that is correct and some say it will be even shorter. we say about three years. roughly, 2015. what do i think about commercial for an active astronaut? i would not be standing here touting it if i was now willing to go get on it. people ask me if i would fly a given the opportunity and i was they don't tell my wife but in a heartbeat. [laughter] >> if someone had the money and is apparent some people have the money to buy a ticket to space, there are efforts to facilitate that with the

enterprise by sir richard branson. when you see that opportunity happening by more progressive basis? >> we are very, very close to having the capability to do sub-orbital flight. it is the type of operation that sir richard branson wants to do where scientists and plain people who want to experience space flight have an opportunity to launch and do like -- is a repeat of the allen sheppard first flight into space. someone will get to fly and then view of our planet. i think that is around a corner. it will not be that many years away and not within one couple of years. >> considering the number of expeditions to the international

space station each year, what is the future of the astronaut corps and how you attract, motivate, and retain those who would be attracted? >> i don't have any problem attracting people to the astronaut corps. i have a problem warding them off and selecting out of the thousands that apply. america is the leading nation in terms of exploration and that attracts young men and women. the fact that they can see there is a real possibility that they can go to very sen because we are not leaving space and we're occupying the international space station until 2015 or beyond. we can get them there and we will get them there. the fact that they see that we're trying to get a viable commercial entity in place means that even more people have an opportunity to venture into space.

there are many things we are doing to attract young people to follow in my footsteps. i am hoping we led many more do that. >> we have a member of the astronaut corps like to make a statement. >> mark kelly needs no introduction he has become quite a figure after deciding that he was going to split his time, if you will. he is an incredible hulk and and -- husband and father and an even more incredible commander for space shuttle missions. he's a veteran of four flights and was the commander forsts-134 which was the last flight of endeavor. ur. if you come forward and give us a message . -- [applause] >> good afternoon, everybody. it is great to be here and it is good to see some familiar

faces in the audience. i appreciate the kind words from generalbolden about the time i have spent at nasa. it has been a tremendous honor to be an astronaut and to follow in the footsteps of some really great pioneers like alan shepherd, john glenn, neil armstrong, and so many others that have led us into the space age. since i joined nasa 15 years ago, i have been privileged to take four trips into space all for the international space station. and has been an amazing ride. as i what iss fade away into the distance when i last departed them on the 30th of may, i cannot help but think that what an amazing accomplishment this has all been. american ingenuity and the vision to build a strong

international partnership is what made this such a great success. with the addition of the of the magnetic spectrometer which we installed on space station six weeks ago, we now have a completed an incredibly capable laboratory in space. i expect that this new instrument will revolutionize particle physics research and add to the significant discoveries that will certainly be the legacy of the space station program. has anybody hurt amf's? ams was a $2 billion carbon particle detector which we did not pay for. it was paid by 16 different countries. there are six universities and ball than 600 physicists. ams does what hubble does not do.

hubbell has been an amazing tool for astronomers and astrophysicists. it shows us galaxies and how they looked to within 500 million years or a bill or -- or 1 billion years after the big bang. ams will tell us what those things are made up. the way it will do that is in the beginning when the universe was created, there was a lot of hydrogen and helium. we know that. another was a lot of matter. and something comes out of nothing, if there is a positive, there should be a negative. not only should there have been a lot of matter but there should have been a lot of antimatter. we don't know what happened to be antimatter. we know that matter light atoms of oxygen and nitrogen are created in such as stars.

-- inside stars. if it is an anti-oxygen or anti-nitrogen atom, that would be created inside a store, too. if we can detect one particle like that through this detector, then we know it came from something like a star made it antimatter. a lot of those galaxies that we look at with hubble space telescope's and the stars we see out there might actually not be made out of stuff like this. it might be made out of the opposite of that. it is really an exciting time for science on the space station. it will certainly add a lot to the science program. as we continue to live and work on iss, we hope to launch new vehicles, new destinations in and beyond earth's orbit.

how exciting will it be to see the next generation of astronauts, how exciting will that be to have someone visit an astronaut or venture further into our solar system. it will really be something. as we enter into this for the july weekend, i cannot help but reflect on how we have a nation of explorers for over 200 years. it is our responsibility, all of us, to maintain that leadership in the exploration of space. president kennedy told us "our leadership in science and in industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others all require us to make this effort." many of have the -- many of you have been following the recovery of my wife and is going well and she is sorry she cannot be here today. we're proud of the outgoing support.

the hopes and prayers of so manypeople are a tremendous source of strength to her but also to her staff. i love her very much. i also love the space shuttle very much. [laughter] the space shuttle has been very good to this country. it is an incredible ship that is difficult to let go. in one week, the space shuttle will rocket off the planet one last time. how many people have not seen this before? there are a couple of hands and lummis and everyone else has seen a space shuttle flight in person? probably many of you haven't. you have one week to figure it out. [laughter] i suggest you get down there and do this. charlie and lori can help you with that. [laughter] [applause] as atlanta's head off on its

last mission, we can all be a little sad for a little while. that is okay because i will be sad. also know that nasa will open a new and exciting chapter where we will continue to inspire our children and we will be, continued to be a great investment for the american people. as some of you might know, i announce my retirement from the navy and nasa couple of weeks ago. it was great to complete my last flight and the navy and nasa by landing the space shuttle on june 1. it was the highlight of my career. since then, there has been quite a lot of speculation about what my plans are and if i plan to run for public office. it means it must be really slow summer out there. [laughter] i will go into more detail about that next week when i visit, iowa and new hampshire. [laughter]

in all seriousness -- but [laughter] my main focus right now and for the foreseeable future b iagby's recovery and spending more time with my kids. she is the politician and the family and i am the guy and i see no reason to change that now. thank you, folks. [applause] >> we are almost out of time. before i ask the last question, i have a couple of housekeeping matters to take care of. i want to remind you about some of the upcoming ones and speakers. ted leonsis will be our guest speaker. july 15, tim armstrong, ceo of a well and we will discuss the future of journalism and july 18, j jerryazzco had of the

nuclear regulatory commission will join us. if i get asked are both speakers to come up, i have on lase last question. -- it like a best of of our speakers to come up for a moment. for both of you, what was your favorite food in space- [laughter] >> mind is easy. a shrimp cocktail. it was real jumbo shrimp with cocktail sauce and everything. we have used dehydrated food so that is without a doubt my favorite. >> charlie still my answer. most people tend to like that. those cupcakes looks pretty good [laughter] the way we package stuff, they would be smashed down and you would not be able to read the word nasa. we have 400 options of food.

i also like the creamed spinach. many of my crew members think it is pretty disgusting. [laughter] >> first of all, for the administrator, our complimentary coffee mug. [applause] i said as gary sinise yesterday, i noticed short haircuts are all the rage these days. i want to present you both with a complementary national press club baseball cap. [applause] how about a round of applause for our speakers today? thank you. [applause] i would like to thank all of you for being here and i like to thank the national press club staff including the library and broadcast center for guys in today's event and you could find out more about the national press club at our website at you and get a copy of today's program and

www.press.org, thank you and we are adjourned. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011] [room noise] [general chatter]

>> >>, a briefing on the situation in sudan. after that, timothy diner takes place in a discussion on u.s.- india trade relations. then a conversation with the texas governor rick perry. >> this fourth of july weekend on american history tv on c-span 3 will visit the smithsonian to learn about day expedition to circumnavigate the globe and the treasure that they found, 40 specimens which became the foundation for the smithsonian. laura bush on her time in the white house planning her part -- husband's library. and her memoir. then a panel including mike mccurry discussing jfk's relationship with the press.

it the complete schedule as c- span.org. >> he says he is optimistic that sudan is on track to become an independent state in july 9. the obama ministration warned sudan that it continue to block humanitarian aid from landing, it could risk relations with the u.s. this briefing is just under 20 minutes.

we touched upon various issues which focused on the economic and financial partnership opportunities between our two countries. while many industrial speakers, government speakers, regulators, institutions air their views and

debated several topics during the course of the day, this was a session that we have been waiting for, to hear our two leaders. and we are honored to welcome them in the midst of this fantastic gathering of had in washington today. and while we welcome our leaders, what we have discussed over the course of the day have posed several issues, and have identified challenges we have in taking this collaboration and partnership forward. we talked about the u.s.-india two-way trade which has grown exponentially since 2009. and india featuring high in the administration costs goal of doubling imports by 2015. we have seen india's ambition by

doubling imports by 2014 to $500 billion. india is looking at the united states in this regard. the possibilities we listed were limitless. also when we talk about india wanting sustain economic growth in the coming years, we talked a lot about the massive infrastructure needs for india. we said in the five years, in the estimates a total amount of investment of $2.50 trillion. several models we have talked about, and several opportunities emerging at how the u.s. would participate in it. we saw new sectors we which -- which have come up where we acccan partner together.

and so on and so forth. especially, india house financial services sector. there's no one else who can expand at about and give us thought and ideas to take this relationship forward in the years to come. i present to you most proudly and mr.y bgeithner mukherjee. >> let me thank you for bringing this to to get there. thank you for talking about what is our agenda. i want to welcome the minister, and they give for making this a long trip, and we will have the chance to night over dinner and tomorrow to talk about all the great issues between our two countries. we view this alicia as having

enormous potential. we are at the beginning of unlocking this potential, and we will spend our time talking about a list of the list of foreign challenges between us. as we always do, we will start by talking about the global economy, the risks and challenges ahead, and talk about economic to the elements in both countries. our main purpose is to look for ways to expand and strengthen the economic trade, investment relationship. from our perspective, the key thing is the outlook for reform, economic reform. that is true in the united states. fiscal reform is true in india as well. india is reaping the benefits of the past reforms set in motion by a minister in 1990, and india is at the point where future growth will depend on success in

the next wave of reforms, not just in the financial sector, but in many ways the indian economy has outgrown its financial system, and with the huge needs for capital financing and business, the success of the indian economy is going to depend on the success of this next wave of the next generation of financial reforms. we hope to be a significant part of that. we faced challenges in the united states as well. on the trade investment side, we thinking there are substantial opportunities to improve access for indian companies in the united states and for u.s. companies competing in india. indian technology and ideas and talent already plays a major role in the american economy, and that is only going to grow over time, and we are committed to not just running an open

nondiscriminatory investment regime, welcoming indian investment, but we want to find ways to make indian companies have a greater role in our economy. we will talk about things that are important to us in the indian market, as the authorities look for ways to improve the quality of the investment environment. growth requires capital and investment and ideas, and there is a lot of room for improvement. we are working carefully to build a strategic economic relationship. we do that in the budget areas. we have very productive technical working exchanges under way on things like that management or how to build a more effected -- regime, a whole range of issues. we work closely together and all the major international economic and financial furm, an indy g- 20 in particular, not just

because of the credibility experience of indians economic leadership, but india is a model for with a more balanced system. a good example for the rest of the world in that context. that is one reason india plays such an important role in the g- 20 process to bring the emerging-market economies it together on things that are good for growth. that is our agenda. it is a personal privilege for me to take part in these talks. i spent a large part of my youth in india growing up. i think i spent more consecutive years in india than any other country by the time i was 20. it had a huge impact on my view of the world and that makes it a particular privilege for me to have the chance to work to build a much stronger economic

relations. i look forward to our conversations. >> thank you. i would like to express my deep appreciation to the brookings institution for organizing this conference. in particular, secretary geithner. i will have the opportunity of discussing with him in detail not only how to respond between india and the u.s.a., and also there are issues on which we share common perceptions. one of the fundamental principles of our relationship

is we share many common patterns. we have now engaged not only in strategic partnerships but also to expand the relationship in various international forums, particularly the g-20, as an important forum to address the problems [unintelligible] it has developed into a major financial crisis. the weaknesses inherent in the

system, and too much dependence on market results. effective regulations point out the weakness in the system. we have taken certain measures in this forum and a full cup summit, the latest one, which has clearly outlined the measures to be taken by the various countries to ensure that there is a proper and orderly development on a sustainable basis. i would like to share with this audience the problems and prospects of the indian economy.

many economies were badly hit, but not to the extent that many others suffered. one simple fact will point out the depth of the problem. at the beginning of the year to designate, our economy was growing almost at the same pace with the previous year, that was around 9%. but with the growth scenario, we noticed -- in the last quarter, and indications were it would be as low as 5.8%. therefore we had to step then, and like many other countries,

we had to provide the fiscal based by injecting a stimulus package, almost 3% of our gdp, but it had its cost. the fiscal expansion literally created a distortion that we prevented the [unintelligible] of the gdp growth and we had modest growth of 6.6%. the next. with 8%, and in 2010 it was 8.5%. of course in my budget, when i presented the details are predicted the 2011 level would be around 8.5 to 8.75%.

but that does not mean that we are coming back to the path of higher growth scenario without any problems. one of the problems is inflation. inflationary pressure is putting a serious constraint. if we can have a moderate rate of inflation and a reasonable level of growth, the monetary and fiscal policy must move in tandem. in india, where growing slowly.

therefore, the point i would like to emphasize is that india, the growth potential is there. the rate of savings and the rate of investment is reasonably high. the various -- it will insure there is investments that can attract investment from different parts of the country. sometimes questions have been raised, looking in the short term, in the initial months of

the current calendar year. the question was raised, almost every year in the past few months of the calendar year, there is a slow down, but in the latter part of the year, it makes up. this is not in one year, but it has happened in the past. as i was mentioning, inflation is an important constraint that we will have to tackle.

to be very frank, a tolerable level of inflation is difficult to define. but in our economy, we have seen that if we cannot give the inflationary pressure -- keep it within 5% to 6%, it would have been ideal. this year i hope it will be a little more, not because of real supply constraints. we have substantially address that by taking appropriate measures. but the international commodity price is causing serious

concern. we are appreciative of the 60 billion barrels for the month of july, but when i look at the $90 billion, the 2 billion barrels is not very significant. nonetheless, it has had its impact. the prices have started coming down. we have adjusted the price of oil and also by providing [unintelligible]

appealing to the provincial governments. i hope it will have some impact. this is going to be a major problem and it will have its impact on our world. we have taken certain steps, as i was talking of, we have recently finalized the guidelines. we have also decided that all investment of policy to be more

friendly -- more user-friendly. it has been consolidated into one comprehensive document that will be reviewed every six months. we have gotten the specific intent of our policy. it has been clearly defined in this regard. certain important legislation like reforms of the banking regulations act, the

announcement on the insurance sector [unintelligible] these three important legislation as i have introduced in the last session of parliament, and i do hope it will be possible for us to get these legislations past, but i will -- as i was mentioning to secretary geithner, in our system, we have to have the consensus from the other party because we do not have that simple majority to get the laws passed in our parliament. the talks about the consensus are going on and i hope it will be possible, with the help the parties concerned, we will be able to get these decisions past.

in that area of taxation, we have allocated new reforms. i hope from the next financial year we will be able to it.ational lieize the goods and services tax, we are trying to evolve a consistent as part of our constitutional practice. there are areas of taxation which the constitution has authorized the federal government and provincial governments to enforce taxes. unless the state agreed and a

solution is introduced fast, this is not possible to make it effective. for that constitutional amendment, a special majority and 50% of the provincial government. the consensus among the major political parties, we are working on that to get this legislation passed. we have decided to allow the internal cost to directly affect the investment from foreign investors who meet the guidelines with a view to

facilitate investment opportunities in india. only to the foreign institutional investors. [unintelligible] it has been enhanced considerably from the existing $15 billion. the original limit being available for the bond offerings. for this announcement also there will be a lockout. three years.

introducing this subject, during the next five years from 2012 to 2017, our infrastructure investment will be very substantial. is about $1 billion u.s. 50% of that is to come from the private sector. we do expect that these immediate measures including the recent guidelines which we have issued, it will be possible for the present sectors to come and make investments. in order to make it successful, we are providing a funding

mechanism which is quite effective. the last point i would like to emphasize, as i mentioned at the beginning of my observations, that in order to prevent the dissolution of growth, in 2008 we had to lessen the fiscal expansion. today with the problem of fiscal consolidation, while presenting the defense budget, with the mandate of the people, i declare that we shall come back to this sooner than later. i am happy to inform this this thing which gathering that we

have been able to do so. for the year 2010-2011, i predicted that the fiscal deficit would be 5.5% of our gdp, but we have been able to manage it to four 0.7% of gdp -- 4.5% gdp. for the next year we have predicted 4.6%. i hope in the next couple of years it will be possible for us to come back to the fiscal deficit to the level which we had before the crisis. thank you, ladies and gentlemen. i have taken more time that i intended to. [applause] >> thank you, mr. minister. thank you, mr. secretary.

we will now join our discussion session. >> thank you very much. it is a pleasure and an honor. perhaps the first question to secretary geithner, i know that you and the obama administration or admire in india's growth rate. >> and fiscal deficit. [laughter] >> but there is some time of feeling in the advanced countries in europe and the u.s. that this growth rate somehow subtracts from progress in other countries. how do you explain, how do you elaborate on the interdependence of economies on how, in fact, wrote in the emerging market economies, particularly in india, in some circumstances is

actually quite beneficial to the u.s. economy and u.s. consumers and investors? it is sometimes a hard thing to really explain and get the message out. maybe you can take this opportunity to say a few words on that. >> it seems self-evident to us, but it is not necessarily accepted immediately by anybody. the way i think about it is this. if you look at the american economy today, the most rapidly growing and strongest parts of the american economy are those most able to benefit from the rapid growth we are seeing in india and other parts of the world. export growth has been good in the early stages of recovery. if you look across agriculture, high technology, manufacturing, the most resilient and dynamic

parts of the american economy are those most exposed to the growth opportunities we see in india and the emerging economies. with that export growth, you see more jobs, more opportunity, you can demonstrate to the average people why we have such a strong taken this relationship. growth in india is good for the united states. it is no threat to the united states, and the more successful they are in putting in place reforms to help a lot future growth, the better it will be for the united states, just as is true that we benefit greatly from the sheer scale of indian talon we have operating in the u.s. economy, the ideas and innovations they bring is good for our economy. as president obama was so successful in doing in india,

you can point to the tangible benefits that come from more investment opportunities and they understand it better. >> this morning there was discussion on the world economy on current account deficits and so on. one point that was made by several speakers is that india contributes to world a man. >> as do week. >> in terms of absolute size, maybe you want to reduce your as a little bit. >> you are right. let me step back and make a general point. for the world economy as a whole, to grow at the kind of highest, most sustainable level possible, we need to see more balance across the economy as a whole. we need to see more modest

deficits over time in countries like the united states but you need to see more modest surpluses over time in countries like china. if you are not able to achieve that, the risk is that future growth will be more volatile. you see more volatility in exchange markets they can put pressure on governments trying to develop. for the united states, that means that we have to see the basic pattern of growth shift dramatically from what we saw in the last decade. it was an expansion built on a more tenuous foundation of consumption fueled by borrowing and a substantial decline in savings rates. to be successful in the future we need to see a growth strategy were driven by investment and export growth, and we need to see a shift to

more responsible saving pattern, not just by the average american, but by the government itself. we are seeing that pattern start to take shape in the united states. >> these are the questions much debated in the g-20. india is now a member of the g- 20. it is a wonderful development to be emerging economies like india. how do you see the role of india in the g-20 and cooperate -- cooperation with the u.s.? exchange-rate policy issues -- how would you about your weight the discussions and the progress made at the g-20? -- how would you evaluate the discussions? >> the establishment of the g- 20 has clearly demonstrated the

-- 85% of the world economies are represented by the countries of the g-20. it is because of the g-20, [unintelligible] to prevent money laundering and to counter terrorist activities, the positive contribution made is the contribution of the g-20 to ultimately [unintelligible]

it compels the jurisdictions to cooperate to prevent money- laundering effectively. i am just giving you one example. there is a sustainable framework as you look for sustainable development. without taking into account [unintelligible] but we are basing the current crisis by providing resources and there is an important ingredient in that some that is

an important contribution. the most important piece, the free and frank discussions which take place. at least that is my experience. the secretary will agree with me, in most of the issues, we arrive at consensus. this practice should be encouraged at all times. i think the g-20 is doing well and we should encourage it to play a more effective role in the coming years as we reach sustainable growth.

>> there is sometimes a simplistic view that says in the g-20 you have the old d-7 and then there are the developing countries. there are quite a few issues. on some issues, maybe it is closer to the emerging markets. would both of useppa few words on the dynamics of the g-20? are there two separate groups, where is it much more intact and flexible -- would both of you say a few words on the dynamics of the g-20? it goes across that line of emerging markets. >> it might be cultural, there

will be convergence in india. one of the characteristics of in the yet, we say there is community in diversity. therefore, when we meet in the g-20, there are countries having different perceptions, different culture, different values, but having a common approach of approaching the issues that affect all of us in a consensual way. there is a convergence of views in certain issues in all of the emerging economies, whether g-7

or g-10, all are converging into the g-20. the divergence will be narrowed down. >> i agree, there for coalitions depending on the issue. one of the things we have done together over the last few years was to build consensus on reforms to make the governing structure of the international financial institutions more balanced and open and legitimate. in that context, many of the europeans have a somewhat different view. our position was closer to india than to them. there are lots of other issues. we all recognize that for there to be better economic outcomes for the world as a whole, we have to find a way for countries to work together more carefully to make sure they take into consideration the external effects of our policies.

think about international financial reform. you cannot create a more financial -- more stable financial system by leaving the design of capital requirements assembly to national authorities. if you do that, you will just raise them in one place but shift all the risk to somewhere else. we saw that happen in the years before the crisis. there is a compelling compared to for closer cooperation because we are more integrated now. the g-20 is doing a good job of building a foundation to take advantage of that natural interest we have together, mutual interest in negotiating better, and outcomes. >> the projections in india, very convincing projections for growth of to 10% in a couple of

decades. china may go down a little bit, but growth is more likely to be rapid. we hope the u.s. will grow at 3% in the long run, it seems possible. all this when you add it up, given the bigger weight of this rapidly growing economy, adds up to world growth that is unprecedented. are there any worries about natural resources, environment, climate? how to manage an economy that grows so rapidly and provide so many new benefits to billions of people, but do we have the natural resource base, are we investing enough in new technologies to allow this to be sustainable from an internal point of view? >> i do feel there are areas of

cooperation. many of the countries, including india, require technological support. the cooperation we are having with a usa, education and development, in our concept of sustainable development, the climate is most important ingredient. we cannot allow all the internment to be disturbed further. it will have to be preserved but essentially there is no confrontation between environmental protection and development.

we will have to synchronize it in such a manner that development takes place, maintaining the environment as required. sustainable development, the most important ingredient is maintaining the environment. >> the world at the moment is such an interesting mix of huge promise in terms of the growth trajectory of the emerging economies, not just india, and much of the rest of the world still digging out of a crisis that could have been a second great depression. there is huge promise in the growth potential of emerging economies. that will help the world heal the damage caused by the crisis more quickly. it will bring tremendous pressure on resources, and

demands for capital, and a lot of pressure on the system as a whole. that is why it is important that we build a better framework for cooperation so we have a better capacity to manage the inevitable tensions that come with that growth. >> we will have to request is. you'll have to tell me when we are out of time but want to take advantage of this wonderful opportunity. i have to give someone in the back the first question. >> i have a question for each of you. what do you perceive to be the biggest obstacle to greater u.s.-india economic and financial partnership?

>> clearly there is a different in the perception, but for discussions and negotiations, we have been able to remove the obstacles which were there. for example, after the visit of president obama, the restrictions on exports in the entities from the list of the u.s.a. is a major step forward. of course the cooperation agreement is an important landmark.

therefore, i do not think there is any big hurdle. sometimes there are concerns to be addressed and we will be doing exactly the same. >> i cannot improve on that. i think if you look at this relationship, one of the things that is so encouraging is the relative absence of trauma -- of drama. there is a complementary interest that the private sector has ample room to take advantage of but there are a lot of things that stand in the way of that. we will try to work through some of those things. >> i think we can do with a less

drama in some parts of the world. we'll take to questions as a group and then go back to the ministers. >> in the context of the u.s.- china relationships, secretary geithner laid out exactly what the u.s. wants from china and what china wants from the u.s.. despite the notions of generic cooperation, do you have a similar specific list for india? i would be interested in mr. -- minister mukherjee's views. >> i am really happy to be here because i have a slightly different view on the economies.

i have lived both in india and here and identify with both equally. what i am trying to do is add a little bit of drama, but it will depend on your answer. you talked about strategic bought -- partnerships and there is definitely room for collaboration and mutual benefit. one industry i am curious how this applies to is the outsourcing industry. obviously, india faces inflation or if they are able to cope with inflation, it has an impact on the u.s. economy. i would love to your boat your views on that. >> i will talk about our side of the ledger, our objectives. from our perspective, the most important things we would like to see our progress on financial reforms that provide a deeper,

more liquid market for corporate debt, infrastructure financing that allow more access to american companies. our interest are pretty complementary as a whole. we are working with the grain of the reform imperative as well, which is the only way to make progress. i do not see any conflict between our interest or objectives there. that is where writer at a good motors -- most of the near-term emphasis. -- that is where we put most of the near term if this is. if you look at what is going to happen to wage costs, the cost of doing business, in india and in china, to, they will be increasing more rapidly over the next decade or so. what that means is the

economics of the decision about where a u.s. firm may decide to produce or build something is going to change. it is tilting back in the direction of investment in the united states. you can hear more people talking about reintegrating the supply chain, bringing some things back. i think that is encouraging for the long-term competitiveness of the u.s. manufacturing industry, but it creates no risk for india. most of india's growth is going to come from the natural dynamics of an economy that has a huge amount of room. that will not be affected by this modest shift in the relative competitiveness of where some services locate going forward. it is good for us at the margin

but i do not see any risk to india's growth and development agenda. >> i would like to clarify one point, that india's growth is essentially [unintelligible] a 2014 we have a $500 billion. but still, the momentum coming from domestic demand, and our inflationary problem, apart from high oil prices and international commodity prices,

it is the supply constraints. from the demand side we hit take appropriate measures by adjusting the crucial rate and controlling the demand side. appropriate steps have been taken. from the supply-side constraints, i mentioned my observations that it was largely related to the bottle neck and supply constraints which have been addressed. [unintelligible] it all contributed and this trend is going to continue in subsequent years.

secondly, even the growth in highly developed countries is slow down as far as expanding our cooperation. we did not have any defense cooperation with the u.s.. it has started within the last couple of years. it is expanding very fast. therefore that areas of cooperation whether it is in the area of technology, knowledge, education, agriculture, you can

have cooperation. growth, inflation, these are temporary measures to be tackled, but let us not stand in the way of long-term cooperation and understanding. thank you. >> is there anybody from the press? >> both of you touched on the importance of the g-20 meeting. it is clear that for the past two years, one important point of the g-20 was to reform the international institutions to ensure [unintelligible]

tomorrow there will be an executive board meeting to decide the next managing director. it has been reported that china has already expressed their support, and it is an important opportunity for both countries to express your views for the future of the financial institutions. how are you going to cast your vote tomorrow? [laughter] and based on what kind of thinking. >> secretary geithner era, banks were too big to fail before your bailout, and now there are even

bigger. when you talk about financial for -- reform, what do you think of that? it is widely regarded that you have not had the political will to push through reforms. the thing that is true, and if so, are you going to change that action? >> we will go back to the ministers for their final remarks. who would like to start? >> i would like to answer the question about the internal institutions, [unintelligible] i must say that the institutions when they are

established in a particular context, and when that context no longer demand irrelevant, new institutions are to be formed. the world has undergone a major change since 1925. this is in the process of these institutions. at the same time i am quite confident that these institutions will be in default. other institutions have attempted under similar pressures, but it did not

materialize. after 30 or 40 years, we could establish [unintelligible] therefore, institutions ought to just -- ought to adjust. the point is a continuing one. [unintelligible] in india we are going to work continuously for those reforms. 20 years ago, it was to deregulate, and that process was

complete. we had to make reforms in other areas as required. most of it has been done, but most new reforms, it is a constant exercise. the structural differences, i have given some examples as my colleagues have stated. , rabatin the bond market's

-- reforms in the insurance sectors, the banking sector, pensions, the necessary legislation have been introduced to ensure its passage. there has to be a consensus and get support from the others. they will have to carry on the process of default. >> on the first question, i have no interest in announcing our position to you right now. [laughter] i do think we are on the verge of having what i felt is necessary, which is an open, contested process two excellent candidates and a quick resolution. i am sure we are on the verge of

having someone emerge that will be able to command. it is a time when you need strong leadership. on the question about the u.s. financial reform, let me sell you things quickly about this. if you look back at the top 20 financial institutions in the united states before the crisis, almost half of them no lumber exist today as independent entities. we had a huge restructuring of the american financial system, huge amount of failure of very large institutions. the ones that survived had to meet a market test. could they raise enough capital on their own so they could exist going forward? the surviving institutions today are on average, much better capitalized than their major international peers. but is better than that. if you look at our system in comparison to that of any other major economy, it is a much less

concentrated banking system. look at the shares of the top five u.s. firms compared to the top two banks in most of the other major economies today. our banking system is smaller as a share of gdp. banks at the root in the united states together are only about one times r annual gdp. a comparable number is about five times gp in the u.k., eight times in switzerland. despite the fact that we had such a lot of restructuring or because of it, we are less concentrated and there is a much better capacity to withstand the risk of failure of a major institution because there's more capital in the system.

one of the great strengths of financial reform in the united states was that we took away the ability of the executive authorities, regulatory authorities, to intervene, to sustain nonviable institutions and give them a chance of living again. women did that discretion because of the moral hazard risk -- we limited that discretion. we are at the early stages of preparing reforms, but we have a lot of work to do. i am confident we will have a much more stable system and better capacity to withstand shocks in the future and to insulate well-managed institutions from the barriers and mistakes of the less prudent. >> thank you very much. the way addressed in a very substantial way and an open way

the questions that asked and engaged with the audience conversation was wonderful. i would like to add my hope that these two democracies will cooperate together and both will contribute to the rest of the world economy for the many countries that will benefit from the good performance of both the american and indian economy. i will turn over to our chairman. >> it has been an expanding -- outstanding session by the two leaders today. thank you for your time and giving us this honor and this interaction. it has been one of the most outstanding sessions in the recent past that we have had between the united states and india. we saw several opportunities as we discussed the challenges throughout the day. the outstanding team from india,

including the chairman, the chief economic adviser, and the deputy governor of the world bank. also a very strong team from the indian industrial. it has been an outstanding day and thanks to both of you we get so much on the table. the support we have received from the indian embassy and the u.s. treasury has been exemplary in making this conference a success. thank you so very much. [applause] >> thank you so much.

[applause] >> good afternoon. >> good afternoon. >> let's begin by giving a big round of applause for trey martinez fisher! my state representative, i live in his district. thank you for the introduction and you know, well, we can tell rebecca forest we don't need 36 or 37 latino legislators, all we need it trey fisher. welcome to san antonio. welcome to america's seventh largest city. the second largest in texas, the fifth fastest growing city in the united states. i want to take a moment to really thank sylvia garcia,

arturo vargas, all of the naleo board members and each and every one of you who are here for coming down to san antonio today and the next few days to be part of a vy special conference. all of us, as elected officials, i know, he a million different things going on, very busy lives, but i believe this conference will be well worth your time, your energy and effort. it's an exciting time to be here in this city. we have seen san antonio grow in the last 30 years from a city of about 700,000 to a city of almost 1.4 million. the city, over the last couple of years, has been ranked as one of the most recession resistant cities in the united states. our unemployment rate right now is at 7.5%, a full point underneath the state of texas and well underneath the naon. we fl very blessed about san antonio as a community.

more special than that, though, is, i think that what defines san antonio is its fundamental character. this city is the kind of place that, eventhough it's grown to a cityof 1.3 million people, is the kind of place that, if you're in a restaurant and you sneeze, two or three people still say "bless you." if you're walking down the street here in the downtown area and you pass someone, they still look you in the eye. i won't name any other cities. but try doing that in some of the other big cities in the united states. there's a sense of connection, a sense of less guardedness than what you find in many other places. and that's because over the centuries, over many generations, folks from different walks of life, different backgrounds, different perspectives and nationalities have come together to create a confluence of culture where

people live together well, they work together well, they pursue a common american dream. it is, for san antonio, also, a very proud moment, because this ci is the perfect place to host naleo. as trey mentioned, it's been the birthplace of organitions like maldef and southwest voter. it was the site of the first spanish language t.v. station, one of the first print media newspapers in spanish that continues strong today. in the present day, san antonio, the university of texas at san antonio, is the second largest u.t. campus and one of the largest number of classes of hispanics who receive a

bachelor's degree. our medical school graduates more hispanic doctors than any other school in the united states. over the generations, our community has seen the rise of icons in the community, like henry cicneros, thefirst hispanic mayor of a major american city. the story of san antonio has been one that i know every single person here who is part of naleo can be very proud of. we also gather, though, at a moment that is crucial for the progress of the latino community. and i have to tell you that these days sometimes i feel like i'm at the beginning of a dickens' novel. you remember "the best of times,

the worst of times." a few months ago, we were greeted by official census numbers that proclaimed that latinos fueled 50% of the growth in the united states over the last decade, not just in places like california and new york and texas, but also almost doubling in places like iowa and nebraska, georgia, north carolina, south carolina, idaho and so forth. and here in texas, contributing to 65% of the state's growth. we see, just because of sheer numbers, more latinos today receiving their college degrees, becoming doctor lawyers, countants, engineers, architects, all of the things that generations past had as the dreams for themselves, but oftentimes because of the circumstances of their time, we not able to accomplish. we see more than ever in the

america of 2011 the fullness of the potential of the united states spreading out in front of the latino community, and places like san antonio truly are the new face of the american dream. there was a song in 1977 that was popularized in 1979 by frank sinatra, the theme from "new york, new york." you know that song, "if you can make it there, you can make it anywhere." in the 20th century that was the case for places like new york. in the 2t century, that describes better places like dallas and austin and san antonio and phoenix and albuquerque and los angeles. it is an exciting time for our community. it also, though, is, to be fair, quite a challenging and distressing one. while we gathered last year, we

knew of legislation in arizona, f.p.1070 that was aimed at trying to go afterolks who largely have tried to make a good and honest, hard-working life in the united states. since that time, more than 20 other states have taken up legislation similar to that. we've seen, in this state of texas, the call for arizona-type legislation. we have seen in this legislative session easily the most anti-latino agenda in more than a generation pursued without shame. we have seen the proposition of a voter i.d. passed by the legislature, a sanctuary cities bill, a re-districting map that does not respect the growth of the latino community in the

state of texas and doesn't reflect the aspirations of texas in general, and all of thai believe against the backdrop, against a veneer of success in xas, and so much that this state has to offer. let me explain that. today, texas is headquarts to more fortune 500 companies that any other state in the united states. today, our unemployment rate in texas is significantly lower than that in the united states. today, just about every state in the united states would like to be growing the way tt texas is, and over the last decade, we grew more than a other state, grew by 4.2 million people. but, if you've ever had the experience of finding a coin on

the ground, one that is shiny on the outside, theide up, picking it upand turning it over, and finding a rusted out bottom, it's what you can't see right now in the state of texas that is so distressing for the latino community. let me give you a few facts. the tas education agency a few months ago reported that over 50% of e children in our texas public schools are latino. in the census numbers that were reported, of the one million new folks in our state 18 years or under, fully 95% of those young people were latino. at the same time, in the texas

legislature, education funding has been gutted by $4 billion, even though the money was there in a rainy day fund to do otherwise. texas already was 44th in term of spending per pupil, and our results show that. in the latino community, our dropout rate is more than a third. the number of uninsured children in our state is nearly 30% and texas is ranked 50th, dead last, in the number of uninsured, or insured children. we have the highest number of uninsured children. and 748,000 latinos are uninsured in our state. and so we have in 41 -- front of us these days something that looks like a pretty picture of low taxes and low regulation but

when you start to look at the future of our state and particularly the latino community, it is a completely different picture and it often goes unsaid. it often goes unanalyzed. as policymakers, though, it is not our job to just complain about reality. it's our job to change it. th future is cerinly a cause for concern, but it's not a concern that is completely outside of our corol. we have the opportunity, through engaging our constituents to ensure, for instance, that more of them get to the polls and vote, we must acknowledge as a community that those generations who have worked hard so that we could have the positions that we have, that they did not work hard so we can have a voter

turnout rate that is significantly lower than any other group in the united states. we must bear some responsibility for changing that. the fact is, that oflatinos in texas of the united states voted at just the rate of african-americs, they could make a major difference, we could make a major difference in the policies that come out of places like texas. we must re-engage the parents in our community to be effective first teachers of their young children, to not rely solely on the school system or others to do the job that we can start off doing as parents so that they can be good shepherds and put their children on a tjectory to accomplish the american dream. and we can insist that we only support folks who are for making

the right investments in the future, investments in education, investments in hire hire -- higher education, investments in healthcare, investments in immigration reform. and those things that will truly ensure that those words in our founding documents of folks being created equal and the ability to psue life, liberty and happiness, come to pass for all americans. itas been 33 years now since, in 1978,time" magazine declared the 1980's were going to be the decade of the hispanics. three decades have past since then. but i believe that if we're serious in this room, that if we recommit ourselves to doing the hard work that it takes to

mobilize our communities, if we work at that harder than ever, then we can help ensure not just that these next 10 years are the decade of the hispanic, but really, that this 21st century america is a century of prominence, of global superiority, of excellence and economic prosperity for the entire nation. thank you. [applause]

>> that is one good man. good to see you. thank you all for coming out, mr. mayor, it's a pleasure to be in the beautiful city of san antonio. all of you that are here for your first time, lcome to what many would consider to be one of the most beautiful cities in america and one of the most dynamic. you look at the economic impact feat this city has gone through that's frankly a metamorphosis of becoming a real magnet for economic development and a lot of the players in that great play are standing here in front of us, sitting here with us today. but aaron, i want to thank you for your work in the legislature. i know there are a number of your colleagues that are with

you today. will y'all hurry up and get out of town. i know there's florida legislators here and from other states and we have a special session going on right now and i know for a fact everybody wants to go home and be with their families and get back to work. so, anyway, we're putting the finishing touches on a special session and these membe of the legislature are playing an important role with it. one of the things that i would suggest that each of these not only legislators but the local elected officials that are here, the men and women who really make economic development happen in this city and in this state, it's about putting people to work in the state of texas. i mean, that's one of our things that i think that we're most proud of and rolling up your sleeves and getting the job done

and that's what i'm so proud of the legislators for. so, how many of you are from out of e state of texas? just a quick show of hands. that's awesome. welcome. as i said, you are in the job creation capital of the world. you might have heard us talking in texas that we tend to brag a little bit from time to time. aaron will tell you, it's not bragging if you can do it, is it? so we have been really focused on job creation over the course of the last 10 years in particular from 2001 to 2011, more than 730,000 private-sector jobs were created in the state of texas. and just to kind of put that into balance, the next best state managed to create just a

little over 90,000 jobs during that same time span. i don't need to remind any of you that during that period, our nation as a whole lost almost two million jobs. when people around the country -- i know that these members of the legislature go to national association meetings just like i do and traveling across the country and they get asked, you know, what's the secret of success in the state? why has it been easier for you and texas to create jobs than it seems it has been across the rest of the country? and the fact of the matter is, a great deal of the credit goes to just hard-working men and women that are out there and have been given the freedom to risk their capital because they know they'll haven opportunity to have a good return on their

investment, and our state work force, it can truly feel the -- fill the needs of any company, no matter how demanding the job requirements might be, whether it's a hh-tech job or what have you. representative martinez fisher and i will be at boeing here in an hour or so and again, sending the message that no matter wha the need of your company is in this state, that you can come here and you can find that skilled work force. we do what we cano maintain an economic climate that attracts businesses, that industries that are looking to expand, for instance, the need to relocate, and it's, as the mayor said, it's pretty simple.

it's about keeping the taxes low, having a regulatory climate that is fair and predictable, a legal system that doesn't allow for over-suing. but again, it's that rank-and-file texan that truly drives our state's prosperity. whether it's companies that are big like boeing or a small mom and pop business here in san antonio and it may be in big cities like san antonio or it may be in a small community somewhere. it's those texans and we come from a variety of backgrounds but the fact is, we're all united. we're united with this common spirit, to make life better for ourselve for our families. and texas has always been this unique place. people from all over the world have come here to pursue their dreams. according to the most recent census, we welcomed more than four million new citizens to the state of texas over the course

of the last decade and that's helped us create a really unique culture here. it's a diverse group of people. it's a diverse thought heritage that it's just a little bit different. i will suggest than any other place i've ever visited before but it's a culture that emphasizes good schools for our children, safe neighborhoods for our families and a chance to succeed based on your own merit. in texas, one's work ethic, their character, they can take it wherever you want to go. it doesn't matter who your parents are, how you spell your last name. it doesn't matter whether you're from the valley or you grew up in a shrimping family on the gulf coast of texas or even if you were raised, the son of a

tenant farmer in aittle community you never heard of before like me. no matter what or who you were, growing up in texas, no matter your race, your creed, your heritage, you have a role model to look up to, someone who proves that any obstacle can be overcome, there's no limits to how far you can go. that's especially true for a hispanic child in texas. roughly a third our citizens identify themselves as hispanics in texas, making them part of whatis our state's largest demographic group by the next decade. and it's no stretch to suggest

that the future of texas is tied directly to the future of our hispanic population. during my time as governor, i have worked very hard to point the best, the brightest, the most qualified individuals in leadership roles across the state. it gave me great pride to appoint the first latina secretary of state in hope andrade. [applause] it gave me great pride to appoint the first latina to the supreme court in this state, justice eva guzman. [applae] it gave me great pride just last month to appoint the first latina to the texas court of criminal appeals, justice elsa

acala. the young hispanics in texas can aspire to be the next rolando fablos, the chairman of the texas racing commission, maybe the next roberto dehoyas who heads our economic development shop and one of my favorites, the head of the texas alcoholic beverage commison, jose querveose. is that awesome? that is the right job for that man. these are truly leaders. these are individuals who, you know, so many more in our public and private sector just like them, they really make me proud to be a texan. they make me proud to have associates and be able to work with men and women like them. hoping really makes me

optimistic about the future of this state. indications are that our younger generation is getting that message about those opportunities. their heading to school to pursue opportunities in record numbers. between 2000 and 2010, in that 10-year period of time, hispanic enrollment in texas universities increased by 88% compared to 48% for all the other ethnic groups in this state over the same time period, the amount of bachelor's degrees, associate degrees and certificates earned by hispanic students increased by over 100%. hispanic owned businses have been experiencing an explosive growth. you've seen it right here in this city. their numbers expanding by 40%

during the previous decade and according to one study, generating 62 billion dollars in revenue just in the year 2007. that same study indicated that hispanic owned business employed almost 400,000 texans that year. the sky's the limit. those of you that aren't from the state of texas, we welcome you. i can't get by without offering you the opportunity to come live in this great state. it truly is the land of opportunity. it will stay that way as long as we adhere to the principles and the values that got us here. the future of this state is incredibly bright because of men and women just like you.

men and women who continue to be pioneers, individuals who love this state, love our country, and will continue to make sacrifices to make it even better. god bless you and thank you all for letting me come and be a part of it today. [applause]

schroeder. this is an hour. >> it is time to start the last panel of the day. i'm going to introduce the first speaker, sarah diaz. the best way to describe her as tireless. she is an attorney, a first-generation american, a policy expert, and an absolutely

tireless advocate for women's rights in the workplace. she's the director of the women's bureau of the department of labour. the only federal agency mandated to serve and promote working women. and parenthetically, sara is assisted by our own. not immediate tasks members of the vice president. [applause] sara growth in the puerto rican family in harlem where she also served as translator for her parents which we have been her first experience and at his feet. she went as a prosecutor in new york and then in pennsylvania as the second highest ranking latina in the pennsylvanian government as the deputy secretary for the state regulatory program and also served as the regional council

diplomat. sara manzano-diaz has an understanding of the complexity that face women in the workplace today we're juggling work and family responsibility is still flawed and true equality is still a goal, not a reality. we are glad to have a champion in the women's bureau and i give you sara manzano-diaz. [applause] i can multitask. good evening. buenos aires. very good. can you rolph your "r"? and [laughter] that's how you do it. all righty. first of all, terry, thank you for that kind introduction.

i was just thinking how tired i am. [laughter] so that was good. i like that. and i also want to thank you for your incredible leadership because we rest on the shoulders of the lee visa came before us and we are linked to these women's is important and i want to appreciate the fact that i want to thank terry for recognizing these pioneers and leaders because they are the legacy we stand also thank you so much, i appreciate it. [applause] i'm very excited to be here. i look out at all of you and must say that she talked about my beginnings and i want to thank you because mike family came from puerto rico and i'm the firstborn in the mainland united states and i was a

translator in the translation was the first step for efficacy because i realized the institutions or not giving my parents would be needed. my parents were brilliant and was up to me at a very young age to be the translator and the advocate and that is when my love for lahoud group and a justice who grew from that experience fighting for housing. we were in a single room occupancy public bathroom for the whole building so when someone in washington decided to create public housing, we moved into public housing, i got my own better with my sister, my brothers had one, my parents had won, and we finally got our own kitchen and our own bathroom and we thought we were middle class at that point. nobody could tell us anything but, you know, it is those kind of experiences growing up in a

way in which by virtue of who you are by birth people make certain assumptions about you and want to deny rights. and as well as a latina, so the reason i tell you this is because it really shapes what i bring to the women's bureau in a lot of ways. the struggle has been there from dave wan on behalf of my family, struggling to try to get an education because people thought by virtue of the fact i was latina i wasn't entitled, or i tell people at a very early age i want to be a lawyer and they would laugh and say you are poor, you live in public housing, for did that. but the more people told me know, guess what, the more i said i will show you.

so what i am really excited about is that in that struggle to try to get an education, in that struggle to be the person my dream of, the person i wanted to be, unfortunately that struggle still happens today to our girls and you should be aware of that because as i go around the country and speak to the girls it is important why these discussions and these plenary session are important because we do need to be linked not only to the past, not only to the present but also to the future so this is very important. that's why i say that now serves as a great katulis for all of the change, and the struggles i had a family than of my neighbors, too, my community, mining region and now the nation so the struggle and its global why the week. i get to meet with international delegations from all over the

world. they have the same problems we have exactly, equal pay, the fact there's the violence against women, the issue of the workplace flexibility want to know what are we doing to a certain extent they hope it is a gold standard and behind the kerf but won't say it's an incredible honor for me to be here to talk about what we are doing in the administration to help women and i am proud to work under the leadership of president barack obama. [applause] that's right. the secretary of labor who is the first platina in the history of the country to be in a provincial cabinet. that happens because our president understood the need for inclusion and diversity and that's why it makes a difference

who sits in the seat. [applause] or president demonstrated a genuine commitment addressing the challenges women face and one of the things he did was the council on women and girls headed up by tina and many of you work with tina across the country on many issues but so do we. to share with you the council has to missions, one is providing coordinated response to the government on the challenges confronted by women and it's been sure the cabinet level agencies consider how their policies are impacting the families so this is something i have the honor to work closely with the white house in particular. the president also early on what did he do? he appointed two women to the supreme court, not one but two. [applause]

degette bragging rights right elena kagan went to the high school i went to which is hunter college high school. not at the same time. but also the first latina, how big is the, that's a huge. then you have women, so data by women, valerie jared who's the senior advisor to the president and allin rosenthal in the white house and is there as a white house adviser on violence against women. that's the first time i've ever created a position like that in the white house and that is because i to the gobi is the president and vice president care about the issue of the violence against women so they have someone right there in the white house fighting for us. [applause]

women obviously have unique, healthy and as you know one of the major pieces of legislation the president was able to get enacted in the affordable health care act which affected now 39 million people now have health care that didn't have it before the passage of our legislation. [applause] in the 2014 it will be illegal for insurance companies to deny women any coverage because of pre-existing illnesses or to charge more because they are women also to 15 million women who were uninsured to now game subsidies for coverage for health care and 14 print 5 million that aren't insured will benefit from the provision of improving coverage and reducing premiums. but the great thing is it expands access to health care and that is part of a wraparound

support women and families need and the great thing about it is that allows kids, for those of you that have kids whether the are in college or not they can stay on the plan until the or 26-years-old, which is really important, and also, women can receive preventive care without having to pay a copay for mammograms and that's something that is really has helped i think to improve the lives of working women went to leave to women. the president of the recovery act also spent $2 billion on child care development block grants, a billion for head start and another billion for early headstart. that's important. we need the record of services on behalf of women. [applause] the child care tax credit as well as the enacted unemployment insurance to help particularly women in for instance to cover part-time workers. but the important part of the

act was they put $225 million to address violence against women and that was huge. [applause] as you all know the first bill of bill lee ledbetter fair pay act. [applause] and he has called on congress to pass the paycheck fairness act. [applause] the number of small businesses that are being created are being created by women, and part of fog small business job act as well as the recovery act, the president put 16 times texas for the small business is coming and you know when the women create the business she hires other women's that's good for the economy and good for us. [applause]

the wall street reform and consumer protection act puts strong consumer financial protection, the strongest in the history of the country as a result of the crisis that occurred and that is also headed by elizabeth warren. [applause] our administration supports the healthy families act which would provide seven paid days for all workers and that is part of workplace flexibility is important for the components through the policies and our president has been a consistent champion of the reproductive choice and preserving the women's rights on the roe v wade. [applause] but our secretary has been a champion for the women's issues as well and so she doesn't stay behind.

and she has been a champion for women's issues as well as environmental issues. so i want to share with you some of the things we are doing in the department of labor because our society has made tremendous progress eradicating barriers for the women to succeed but as we know we still have a little way to go. so, for example, in terms of the inequality continues to persist in the pay gap we know the winner earned 81 cents per dollar. african-american women make the gap merger at 69 cents per dollar and for the latinas it is 59 cents per dollar. if you look back in 1963, the pay gap was 59 cents per dollar for all women, and so the latinas in the 1963 era so we have to get a lot of that. so, president obama believed in the equal pay, and all of you i

think in your book in your hand out received this book. that's what we put together because we want to make sure you have the information at your hands and this information the last time the government produced it is when eleanor roosevelt in 63 was part of the commission so this is a way of updating the 21st century data on women. [applause] if you go on the web site we also have several publications i want to point out to you. one is women's employment through the recovery. the other is black labor force in the recovery and the latino labour force so i want to point that out to do as other references on the research information. let me just share with you a few things that report shows.

in 2009 when one of eight women which is 16.4 million women living in poverty the largest number since the census began collecting this data in 1966. this is nearly 5 million living in poverty now. women of all racial and ethnic groups experience higher poverty than white males they're more likely to be poor than white females and slightly more than a quarter of both black and latino females have family income below the poverty line compared to white which was 11%. older women are more likely to be poor than older men and it is a real big issue as the baby boomer generation starts to come on line. we know that women spend a lot of money and as part of the spending of like to do it turns

out that we account for 80% of all of the u.s. consumer spending right now. so, what does that mean? that means women have the underpinning of the economic health and we cannot ignore that and the policies address and ev the issues of poverty and ensure economic viability for all women. i also want to share with you a couple of things with regards to our secretaries. she talks about the job for everyone. my translation of that is good job for women. and i have for priorities i want to share with you that i've been working on the last year-and-a-half. one is equal pay because it never goes off the table. and i was looking at the 90th anniversary and went down to the archives. in 1920 the first women's bureau

they were advocating equal pay for women back then. so the struggle has been going on for a long, long time. we also are promoting higher paying jobs for women. we want women to get on the ground for this new economy. we want as i call it a conscious inclusion of women to the grain economy because we know those will be the higher-paying jobs of tomorrow. the women's bureau will come out in the next month or two with a guide is called wide-screen is a color in its for sustainable green hotjobs. look out for that because we have tried to concentrate a lot of information about the green jobs and green of entrepreneurship. as a that is second. third is workplace flexibility. in the history of this country you never had a president talked about workplace flexibility to read the president had a forum and in that forum a year ago, he

and the first lady talked about the issues real to them as a family trying to juggle the kids, the law firm and careers. so as a result we want to amplify that information. we've been going around the country getting a national dialogue on the workplace flexibility. many of you participated in our dialogue across the country and we talk about the issue for the business cases that's important. many of them will not want to try so we already know that the businesses. the other thing we talk about is how we make it work, workplace culture and also the work effective because we cannot let that go by. so we've been having this through the year. our last dialogue will be june 30th. will be in new york city, and we talked about in various places

how to get flexibility for small business, how do you do it for manufacturing, retail, health care, but a new yorker would be white collar jobs and we are very excited that the highest ranking woman will be one of our keynote speakers so we are very excited about that. and last but certainly not least is homeless women veterans. as i go across the country, most people understand women are serving the military more and more every year but what they don't get is the fact on any given night there are 6,000 to 7,000 homeless women veterans, and every city that i go i visit them, talk to them. yesterday i was in a shelter here in tampa called tampa crossroads and, you know about it, the official her during a couple of things coming sessions

across the country across the country. we ask about how they got there what was the trauma we were coming out of a trauma guide for the providers to understand the unique and multiple trauma as the women are facing when they come home and have to deal with this and sometimes they don't tell anyone. sometimes it's post-traumatic stress if they are married to someone domestic violence see and fees on top of each other then you have a situation in which there are higher risks of being homeless so with this guy is intended to do is explain to the providers how do you treat the trauma and get them back into the job to the communities and with families so we are very excited about that. [applause] we are also doing a stand down

here in tampa sometime in september so stay tuned for that as well. there are many things we are doing in the department and the administration on behalf of women whether it's non-traditional jobs, whether its employment and training there's a lot of things we are doing, so sometimes no one gets the message out as well as we would like to but because you are here i want to make sure you understand we get it and we are here for you and i can tell you that as far as the women's bureau is concerned we are here to advocate on your behalf. so, let me say we work closely with our partners and what i would like to end with and conclude with is a couple of quotes. one is by president obama who has made it clear that, quote, these issues like equal pay, family leave, child care and others are not just only issues,

their family issues and economic issues, and of quote. he's also gone on to say our progress in these areas is an important measure of whether we are fulfilling the promise of democracy for all of our people. and roosevelt once said women are like teabags. you never know how strong they are until you put them in hot water. [applause] she was right. women are strong and proven caretakers. we've proven it in the classroom and in the workplace, we've proven it as breadwinners and we've proven it publicly time and time again. change has come about because women like yourselves have been strong and put a good fight and a good fight not just in itself but for others. these issues are our issues and it's important for us.

dorothy height said no one will do for you when you need to do for yourself. we cannot afford to be separated. we have to see that all of us are in the same boat together. so together we will proceed forward and i want to say thank you so much and i appreciate the opportunity to talk to you. [applause] [applause] >> thank you so much, sara. i know we do appreciate all the work you are doing in the women's bureau. we can't do with it without you and i am thrilled to see the women's bureau reinvigorated in the past years. [applause]

our next speaker is a scholar, and author an entrepreneur for social change and justice. she is the founder and ceo of global policy solutions, a social change strategy firm based in washington, d.c.. she is best known for her advocacy and analysis of health care issues, security, education and civic engagement, and especially for her analysis of these issues on outlets like cnn, fox news, abc news, national public radio, c-span, black entertainment tv and al jazeera. her latest book is called "the political action handbook: a call to buy it for the hip-hop generation," which michael moore, yes, that michael moore, called a hard hitting analysis of what it takes to become

politically active. at a global policy solutions dr. rockymore for its strategic leadership and coalition building for nonprofit organizations like the robert wood johnson foundation, the alliance for excellent education and congressional black caucus foundation. she serves on the board of the leadership for healthy communities and the national committee to preserve social security and medicare. [applause] it's a wonderful adlai organization. and just so she doesn't get bored with her life, she's also a member of the delta sigma theta sorority. please welcome maya rocymore. [applause] >> moore terry. i appreciate the invitation, and i am especially thrilled to be here before the national organization of women.

[inaudible] for women. excuse me. i want to follow-up with sara and sending olga and sonya and also patricia schroeder for her leadership. [applause] for laying down the foundation we all stand on. and so it is that when i was in graduate school i actually taught in the women's studies department in addition to being a political science student. so i taught multiculturalism, women in politics, and through that process, i became an activist if you would come and there was a group of us who were really engaged in really standing up. we organized take back to the -- take back the night marches and

we got various people to come on campus to talk to us about women's issues. we even organize our own protest movement, okay? so one day we heard a woman had been assaulted in a frat house off-campus so we were sitting together in the room talking about the injustice of it all and how the women's assault issues are taken over by universities that don't want to acknowledge violence against women on campus is etc, violence in general but especially against women and to take matters into our own hands and we actually coordinated a commander of operation. we decided to meet -- we developed the plan and got our cardboard boxes and cut out a

little letter and get that today and in the morning and some was postponed one corner to another post on the other, they were watching out for the cops and we got our stencils and we snockered up to the frat house and we stenciled on the wall of the garage "a great disk lives here." [cheering] [applause] -- "a rapist lives here." in the past three years or so, i have been having fantasies about doing a commando operation on the capitol. [applause] and you know how the shrink-wrap buses that have a sign on them i have a fantasy of coming to the capitol and shrink wrapping it and putting a sign across it that says misogynist work here. [applause]

[cheering] now what do i mean by that? how many of you have heard of paul ryan? is anybody from wisconsin in here? all right. this is pretty cool. he recently introduced in the house and the senate considered a bill focused on the wrong and plan and the ryan plan said listen, we are facing as a nation a budget crisis and guess what, we can't afford -- we can't afford -- jr saying let's raise taxes on the wealthy who can afford to pay their fair share of what's going on in this country where are they paying their fair share in terms of making us the alleviating budgetary problems we are facing? instead of doing that, he said let us redo -- in fact that us eliminate medicare as we know

it. let us create a black grant program for medicaid and let us, for all older people let's give them a voucher, about $13,000 where they can go and try to find medical care. i don't know about you, but let's 65 or older you have heart disease, you might have any number a provider in this country who's going to provide you with all the medicare that you need come all the medical care you need for $13,000. but what they are doing is basically trying to de construct and actually destroy the social safety net, the social infrastructure system as we know it, and that is unacceptable. [applause] that is unacceptable.

there's been bills introduced introduced recently by prominent republicans in the house to go back to the old proposal of partially privatizing the social security program. when the women here medicare, social security, medicaid, women in general are not hearing these are gender issues. these are gender issues. why is that the case? when you are looking at the older age population guess who lives longer, ladies. that means we are represented disproportionately a moment of those dependent on medicare programs. when it comes to women and their children who are low-income guess who's disproportionately represented in that, ladies. women who are the caretakers and primary caretakers of the

children, so medicaid is a woman's issue. when it comes to social security, it is a women's issue and this is why. social security is an old age problem, it's a disability program and it's a survivor program. now i already told you that when men are disproportionately among those who are older age because we live longer periods of the retirement benefits under social security are incredibly, incredibly important to us. disability the net or important to us as well. the survivor benefits, because we are often left with children and another breadwinner dies leaving us with children to take care of social security providing life insurance benefits to our dependent children, and our households actually benefit disproportionately from that. in fact, when you look at social security across the board, women and their children are a majority of those receiving social security benefits. but when you hear that they want

to privatize or cut social security in any way, know that it's a direct threat to hugh? women. okay. why isn't it ironic that women are not responsible, certainly, for taking our economy over the cliff but there were not any women who were the head of the universe or the international companies that kind of did what they did to the housing market and also do what they did in terms of all these strata evidence and everything else but when it comes to having to pay for it is it not an acceptable the first thing that you're going after the programs important to the women in their families to be i think it is unacceptable. and so we also have another situation going on. not only is it the assault on the social insurance programs that person's important to our families, it's also the cuts they're talking about to the feeding program.

it's the assault on unions. many of them are provisions disproportionately represented by women like teachers. it certainly also -- i want to expand the notion of the public goods by looking at even asking you to pay attention to what's happening in the public education and certainly the squeeze placed on the families in terms of rising food and gas prices. now, it's also ironic that we know the wages have been stagnating for the middle class and the rest of america for quite some time that the rich have been getting richer and the wages for the rest of us have been stagnating, okay? it's ironic that stagnation has happened as the women have become a larger portion of the work force and of course if you are a conspiracy theorist what was the quote, you know it probably is. they are out to get you. if there is a conspiracy in this i certainly think that that is

not coincidental. we know about the feminization of poverty but we also see the feminist u.s. economy. so what do you do when all of the economic forces are lined against your success and well-being? when the people in power currently are seeking to destroy the things that have made the country so great for the past century what do we do as a country? the title of the session is beyond the war on a whim and a feminist vision for a just society and i would like to pause at several things. one is something you absolutely already know, and that is that we have to have and have to strengthen our agenda and it is an economic and social justice agenda. so one of the tenants of that agenda, one of them is when you

are talking about tax cuts we have to say no. it is a zero sum game. [applause] that policy should be part of a feminist agenda. when they are talking about taxes, giving tax breaks to the wealthy know that it's a zero sum game because as soon as you allow the break they will turn around and say we need to take it from somewhere else and that's where the threat to the program rely on come from so we have to have an expanded notion of economic justice the requires wealthy corporations and individuals to pay their fair and we need to take a stand on that. [applause] and you know, -- [applause] they say americans coming in the coming year aspirational, if you're poor, middle class, you

ought to be wealthy one day, so we don't really have the guts as an american society to really go after the wealthy. we don't believe in class warfare. i want to tell you this, if you're losing your home, if you can't pay your bills, if you have no food on your table, if you have no clothes to wear, then you certainly believe -- and if you know that the policies are in place to go after everything that would support you but then protect those who have everything in this world that something is wrong and we have to step up and do something about it. [applause] we need to put pressure on corporations, we need to operate not only as voters but also shareholders putting pressure on

corporations to go after excessive executive compensation. we need to have enlightened leadership. no of course i know that with a series and literature that women bring a different type of leadership. i would beg to differ. it depends. i've worked for women who have been wonderful leaders and i've worked for leaders to act like men. so when we talk about the enlightened leadership, first we are talking about both men and women. that they have to be enlightened to understand the importance of gender dynamics, but we also can give a path to making sure that women in our leadership can keep and maintain the notion of a public good and that we operationalize that how we interact with each other and certainly lead our organizations. the last thing i want to say because my time is up and i have a whole lot to say that the

economic and social justice and a practice political party engagement, so that means that it's never time to sit down just as soon as you win one battle the next battle begins. you either have to strengthen and protect what you have already won or you have to expand the agenda to go after other pieces of the agenda that hasn't yet risen to the top of the public profile. and so with that, that means that warriors like yourself, like ourselves can never rest. we have to keep going and that also means we have no permanent friends, no permanent enemies, just permanent interest. [applause] and so with no disrespect to the president of the united states of america, i supported him and i will support him in the next election given the lack of other options, but we absolutely have to maintain and hold their feet to the fire to do the right

thing. [applause] and that does not mean being polite, that doesn't mean being polite. sometimes it means speaking the truth to power, sometimes it means stepping up saying what do you think? sometimes it means calling and instantly saying you need to do the right thing. the reason i'm worried about that right now is because president obama has just stepped into this debate of and the debt ceiling. the republicans want to take the country over a cliff yet again and they want to do it by basically destroying the full faith and credit of the u.s. currency of the dollar by basically making us desalt. the president stepped up to the party and is going to directly into the negotiation. we know the president likes to be liked. and we also know that he's very sensitive to criticism for the

other side and also leads to him actually getting enrolled in any negotiations we serve in the form. so i would argue that we are at a moment here. social security is under threat, medicare is under threat, medicaid is under threat, a union bargaining is under threat. you name it we are at 80 moment we need to a rise or fall and that means we need our leaders to be strong but it is going to take you to make these leaders stay strong and that means holding the democrats to the fire and that also means being in the face of the republicans. thank you. [applause] [cheering]

[applause] >> i've heard maya rocymore speak before and she does not disappoint. thank you so much. for your words. [cheering] >> i think that sam bennett has already had to leave but definitely her name is maya rokeymoore. gough longline to sheshouldrun.org. [applause] i am absolutely thrilled to introduce next a woman who has

opened so many doors for so many women. we have a point of personal privilege, yes, marion. [inaudible] >> my name is marion weather.com indianapolis, indiana. next to me is stephanie of washington, d.c.. this year stephanie and i both became breast cancer survivors. on behalf of stephanie and i and other breast cancer survivors in the room and now across the country and across the world we want to thank patricia schroeder for saving our lives. [applause]

>> my name is stephanie and i'm surviving breast cancer. some two months ago i was diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer but because of the stellar work of this woman before you, i and thousands of other women have a new lease on life. in 1993i believe in addition to various other pieces of astounding legislation, patricia schroeder was the driving force behind the women's health equity act, and also, i hope i get this long name right, the cervical and breast cancer mortality

prevention act. who got it out. the determination of these two bills and other things patricia schroeder did have in fact made it presented its breast cancer and cervical cancer screenings available to hundreds of women who have limited financial resources and in fact most astoundingly directed the dramatic change in the way that the national institutes of health did research on women because of course historical the they had done research on women's disease such as breast cancer and many others including the high incidence of lung cancer to my older sister among the women who never smoked. who did they do that research on? it was men and they were researching women's diseases on the mn. thank you. knute testing has been developed such as the test which i just had a mere 4,000-dollar tested

but, you know actually it's a kind of good company that does that. anyway, so -- [laughter] we are here. thank you. >> i cannot think of a better introduction for congresswoman patricia schroeder than that. [applause]

[applause] >> thank you. thank you. thank you. my goodness. that was very moving. i also want thank albany for scheduling that wonderful vote right here. [applause] to [cheering] what we have to remember is you keep working and sometimes it works. i also want to apologize to the woman over here the sheriff for an hour now and my sticker won't stay. >> i'm sorry i meant equal rights amendment. my sticker will stay on. >> we almost didn't have her come. she said she couldn't. i said what the heck you're on the agenda, and she said that

engagement was changed. any we come here i am. anyway, thank you. equal rights will ever come to florida, but us help. [applause] >> i have this terrible problem i made a mistake and i moved from colorado to florida to years ago and then i discovered what kind of a government we have down here. [laughter] you may notice i do have my pink uterus but then on and for those of you -- [applause] those of you who don't know, i was totally flattened when the speaker of the house told an assembly scott randolph from orlando, where i live, what he did is he sat on the floor of the legislature and he said i have told my wife that if she really wants to be saved in this

state on reproductive health she should incorporate her uterus because republicans never go after corporations. >> he should be disciplined for using the uterus word on the floor. some people on the floor are you wearing uterus buttons. but it only further is what this wonderful woman says about the war on women that is going on in the house none of this that is going on and legislatures of around this country and they are trying to push us back as far as they can and if they can get as economically dependent that's what this is all about. they really want to pull us back in and get us back in there. the whole group of will lead the male has to be the dog had.

you know that whole thing. it just scares me but they are all over the place and they are on the hill. they are part of that family group, remember? and so it is a real concerning thing that this is happening. and i also want to underline what she's saying because i think many of the democrats that we know and love are suffering from the sun from. [applause] this is america. we send them trying to explain but she did it again, a $20 million funded campaign already against all these democrats including the president, it goes forever until they get it all and they are

getting close to getting it all. but the good thing is then they have the money for the people and that is what we've really got to talk about tonight. [applause] there's so many things i want to say. we now have the splint slips and i can go on and on and i want to thank all of you who have worked for the equal rights movement and have rocks thrown at us and have been called everything we can, and then we get to stand there and watch urning for those open doors the pro-life people hockey mom and wonder what in the world we were doing. now, i got into trouble with the press because someone said what do you think of sarah palin?

[laughter] and i said well, about the same as i thought as phyllis schlafly and others like her. [applause] but i said the one thing we know is when you were to push open the doors you don't get to control who runs through. we are opening the for everyone. and they've really shown their ill manners. they've never stopped and said think you nor have they tried to open the door for one more person, so we kind of know who they are and we have the right to point out. and there is some good news that came out of that. think about this. if we can get more women running and we ever hear any of those cultural or years of their attacking working moms, you can put in there not because they

aren't defending little sarah. they're all out defending her working as a cultural war your. they also kept talking about how she was being harmed by six is on which i thought was hysterical. i loved watching those conservative commentators talking about sex is on and poor little sarah. period is really that is quite interesting. and the other thing i thought was quite interesting is they were talking about the daughter's pregnancy as a challenge. really? they did have to do a little twisting as they tried to get from that but i must say the rest of it is total badness. we have about women out there that, well, i don't know what they are, but you're absolutely right, we have to look at the

leaders that are standing for the right values and there are many people my wonderful friend, god love her, gerry ferraro. she lost because the red next i'm not going to vote for her because she's a woman. it's the guys are going to let them in the club or what was going on because the guys were not going to let them but invariably they went over and said i'm happy to hear you say that because i had said that they would have said i was a sexist. and i think my gosh, aren't be proud of ourselves how we stand together here and i do think that is one of the problems we have to learn to stand together so much more we have in the past

[applause] now, here is the amazing thing. we women are the sleeping giant in this country, we really are. if you look at the obama election in 2008, she carried the man 49-48%. over one sliver. among women it was 56. you have 56% of the women and lost 43%. what happened in 2010? we stayed home. we heard about health care and about part stupak remember that wonderful family member, and we heard a lot of our space friends one more time say to women you've got to take one for the team. it is a team they never let us play on until it is time to take one and then it's okay you can

come off the bench now you're going to take one for the team. wait a minute. i wanted to play on the team before i had to take one for the team. [applause] >> and women were just so doggone angry about it that they just didn't bother and it was hard to go out. but look what happens. and i am telling you we cannot let that happen again. and we cannot let the perfect the enemy of just getting by. now, what i think we really have to do is leave here and i will commit to have everybody go outside and find women that you can really work on and make sure to get to the polls. i will tell you something about this state that made me cry. i literally was out registering people in the state, and the

third time this happened i was just devastated. the first time i thought somebody is a little nuts. the second time i thought hmm, that did it. what happened is i would not and say you should register. it's important. honey, you're not from here are you? i said no, you can tell from my axson and not from florida but i live here now and blah blah blah. she said if you were from here you would know it makes no difference because the account our votes -- they don't count our votes in florida. [laughter] [applause] you know, there's a lot of people thinking that. so we've got to get out and they are doing everything they can to take the votes away from us. they really are. i could go on and on to the i know we are looking at the line of sight. but my answer to stupak and these people talking about don't

fund planned parenthood or contraceptive, people have to get a special rider they can buy their own writer for that. we won't have it in health care. okay then let's put men's viagra, the vasectomy, the macho men who won't wear helmets of a motorcycle, let's get them a little better for that, too, show them equal rights. [applause] i'm going to quit because i could go on for four hours but just remember if your dreams are not big enough and they scare you, then they are not big enough to beat the dreams of dhaka to scare you and we have to dream about when we are really on the team and when we are really on the team we may take one for the team occasionally. only when it is our turn. but if they are not letting us on the team we can't take it anymore, and the fact that this is really serious, this whole thing about social security,

about health care, all of this could come unraveled, and these dharma courts the decision and all was that, these are all impacting women and children and all of the cuts are women and children that is not the america that i am a part of. so, when in, people were going to tell you ten reasons they are mad they don't want to go vote, just tell them get mad and go vote. but the real reason to go vote, or you will not believe how bad your next time. thank you for everything you've been doing. thank you. thank you. [applause] [cheering] [cheering] >> and next, the nasa administrator on the future of

the agency. live as 7:00 a.m., your calls and comments at "washington journal." >> if decided before president mckinley arrived that he was going to kill him. he bought a pistol and the follow the president. he began tracking him throughout the fair. >> on september 6, an anarchist fired to fatal shots at president william mckinley. sunday, scott miller looks at the president and his assassin and the era in which they lived. >> monday on c-span, the dollar llama and martin luther king jr.'s speechwriter talk about nonviolence. they spoke to 10,000 people at the university of arkansas discussing osama bin laden's debt.

-- death. >> the number of people who have killed, over 200 million. the problem is not solved. also exploitation. lay down the seed of hatred. >> watch this discussion monday as 6:30 p.m. eastern on c-span. monday night on c-span, a look back at president nixon's foreign policy. members of his administration discussed communism, invading vietnam, and the 1967 war in the

middle east. >> the discussion in the newspaper was nixon's secret plan for peace. was it? he never talks about a. -- it. rockefeller did not think nixon had a plan. i was waiting for patricia to change her closed. he is relaxing. he liked to listen to music. i asked him, what is the plan? do moscow.o go there we will bring about peace in viet nam and the world. >> once the discussion -- this discussion monday night on c- span. span. >> speaking at