that was way out of my comfort zone as well, but designing a new generation of chevrolet trucks and designing the new cadillac escalade really cured that. today, as gm's vice-president of global design, i lead an organization of over 1800 creative people operating out of 10 design centers in eight countries around the world. first person -- -- i am proud to say that i am the first person -- [applause] thank you. i am proud to say that i am the design from a global basis and to lead these studios, and the first african-american to every lead a global design organization in the history of the auto industry. [applause] thank you. in addition to my role, gm was also the first to establish the minority supplier program, the first to implement a minority

dealer program, and the first and only of the company to have an african-american serve as the secretary to the board of directors, mr. rod gillam. at gm design, we are responsible for the design of every car and truck for gm globally, and you know what? i am not out of my comfort zone. i enjoy what i do. [applause] there are several significant steps that prepared me for this, and i hope the young people in the audience are listening. the support from my family and friends as a child, the education that i received from howard university, the opportunity to learn from great designers at gm, the risk of an

overseas assignment, of building a global design organization that i lead today, and writing that letter at age 11 to gm design. it did not come by accident. it was all through preparation, listening, taking risks and building relationships. all of these steps and the lessons i have learned have paved the way for me to be here today to share in this very special moment as we honor dr. king's legacy. thank you very much. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome guy vickers. >> good afternoon. i am the president of the tommy hilfiger organization.

i want to speak from the heart. i bring greetings on behalf of the tommy hilfiger corporate foundation, but more importantly, i want to talk just a moment about the man, tommy hilfiger. tommy hilfiger and i grew up in a very small town in upstate new york. i have known him since i was 10 years old. we went to middle school and high school together. he is the godfather of my son, who is here today along with my daughter and my lovely wife. the reason i mention that is that when we were youngsters -- i remember, we were sophomores assassinated.

we had no idea that 20-30 years later, we would be working together, running a corporate foundation. when i was in uganda this past june with tommy, we were working in an african village and speaking about some of the work we were doing, and we mentioned that we were investing and supporting building the martin luther king national memorial. it was so awesome to see the people in this village acknowledge dr. king. they smiled broadly, and they were really excited that we were involved with a remarkable. i can tell you, this has been an assignment that i have been working on for the past 11

years. it has been a labor of love. it has been something i have felt honored and proud to be associated with. again, on behalf of our company, we would like to say thank you for allowing us the opportunity. we invested a little bit over 6.2 $5 million for this effort. we have an executive on loan who has been with the foundation for years, and i have been working with this project for 11 years. harry johnson, i give you my salute, and his staff. i want everyone here to know, we only have 11 -- i believe, if i'm correct -- 11 staff- professionals, that have been carrying the banner. that is unheard of. this organization is top notch and they have worked very hard.

i would like to have everyone give them a round of applause, the memorial foundation staff. [applause] and now, it is my honor and -- i was a little anxious, because no one gave me anything to introduce this next person. then i stopped and said, there is nothing that i can write, and nothing that has not been said, nothing that we do not already know. the next person that i have the honor and privilege of introducing is none other than martin luther king jr. the third. [applause] >> good afternoon. first and foremost, on behalf of my wife andrea and the entire king family, we first want to say thank you to the

alpha phi alpha fraternity that began this idea over 20 years ago, of which i am now a proud member of as of november of last year. i thank my brothers and our president. secondly, and perhaps equally as important, the martin luther king memorial foundation is led by a chair and a board. as the primary person that we have seen over the last 10-11 years, brother harry johnson, thank you. [applause] and his entire team.

and then i must thank every corporate sponsor that has made this important, several folks that we have already seen today, and many others who gave, and the hundreds of thousands of americans that donated to this memorial. i come a little briefly with mixed emotions because when the project started and when we broke ground, my mother and sister were still in our midst. but i guess they have gone home with dad and are looking down smiling on this occasion as we approach august 28th. it is certainly my hope, and while this is a civil rights pioneer in luncheon, and many of us have been involved in the civil-rights movement and will be speaking briefly today, but i want to take just a moment to

talk about my dad as first and foremost a family man. because we knew him as a very articulate spokesperson. we knew him as one of the leaders of the modern civil rights movement. but probably around 1965-1966, he transitioned to a human rights leader, not just civil rights. it is a basic human right to have decent health care. it is a basic human right to have the best education that one can have. it is a human right to have a decent job, to have housing and to have justice. and he wanted to see this nation eradicate what he called

the triple evils of poverty, racism and militarism. while we have made great strides with race, we're not there yet. but in relationship to poverty and militarism, certainly poverty, we have made almost no strides. i would appeal that this is not just an issue that the president of the united states must address. it is an issue that all of us must address. i cannot be what i ought to be until you are what you ought to be and you cannot be what you ought to be until i am what i ought to be because we are tied together. what affects one directly affects all of us indirectly. we are at a critical juncture in america. while we're celebrating this monument, let us not just put dad up on a shelf and idolize him.

let us practice his ideals. he had a philosophy of nonviolence and we are engaged in three wars as we speak, just our nation. we must practice peace. i hope this memorial will inspire your young people specifically to both study martin luther king jr. and then embrace his ideals. finally, i want to close with something my mom often exposed us to, my brothers and sisters and i. we had the opportunity to travel with her to antioch

college. at that college is a statue of the educator horace mann. there is an inscription under that statute that i think is most appropriate today. what it says is, "be ashamed to die until you have won a victory for humanity." you might say brother king, that is still too grandiose. but not really. you can win a victory in the your neighborhood, in your place of worship, in your city, in your state, or even in our world. but be ashamed to die until you have done something to make this world we all must live and of little better than when we arrived. thank you and god bless you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome american operatic mezzo- sopranos, barbara conrad.

>> hello, everyone. i am greatly, greatly honored to be here with you today. very quickly, i just want to tell you that all those years ago when harry belafonte introduced me to dr. king, i was at his office and i was singing some him from down-home in the south, and he came up to me and said do not stop singing, baby. we need your songs. this is not the exact song, but this is one i would like to honor him to sing. ♪ ride on, and no man cannot hinder me.

he is king of kings, lord of lords. he is king of kings, lord of lords. jesus christ, the first and last. he is king of kings, lord of lords. jesus christ, the first and last. ride on, king jesus. no man cannot hinder me. ride on, king jesus, ride on, and no man cannot hinder me. he is the king. he is the lord. ♪ he is the king. here is the lord. oh.... jesus christ, the first and last.

♪ no man like him.

jesus. [applause] >> excellent job. thank you. ladies and gentlemen, another warm round of applause for barbara conrad. i also want to ask you to also join me in another warm round of applause for martin luther king iii and the king family. the king family gave so much of their own privacy because of the important work of martin luther king, and we sometimes forget the tremendous sacrifice that they have made over the

years. we remember the king family. ladies and gentlemen please give them another warm round of applause. i also want to echo something else that martin luther king iii said, and that is the very important role that the alpha phi alpha fraternity has played in this day coming to be. i want to recognize james williams, milton davis, harry davis and herman may send. while he will be introduced formally by thomas hardy, i do want to acknowledge that eric

holder, attorney general of the united states will be with us, and let me express my thanks to him on behalf of the entire civil rights community. under his leadership, the idea of enforcing the law that dr. king and others got on the books, has re-emerged as an important policy for the department of justice, and eric holder has not gotten enough credit for his work and leadership. mr. attorney-general, i want to thank you for that important work. at this time, i am proud to introduce thomas hardy, the

senior vice president of government solutions with at&t. [applause] >> let me say how honored and humbled in to stand before you representing the two hundred 58,000 employees of at&t as co- chair of this luncheon. today's luncheon and the events leading up to the unveiling of dr. king's memorial paid fitting tribute to an iconic american who inspired so many to stand for social justice and equality. i know that many of the blessings that are in my life today as well as many of us in

the audience and others -- we stand on the shoulders of dr. king and others. at the company at&t, we a taken much from the principles of justice and equality that dr. king and the civil rights movement so passionately advocated. we recognize that diversity and talented employees are key to a company's success. we said social and economic inclusion as top priorities. african-americans have made significant contributions to at&t dating back to 1876. lewis lattimore assisted alexander graham bell in securing the patent for the telephone. more recently, an at&t scientist named robert m. bell led an international team that won an award for data analysis excellence.

in keeping our commitment to diversity in education, the proceeds were dedicated to science and youth organizations. african-american and diversity is important to at&t. as a direct result, our commitment to recruit and retain the very best talent, 40% of our management, 31% are people of color. in 2010, at&t spent over $9 billion with minorities, women and veterans enterprises. but the cultivating and diversifying our base helps us keep our commitment.

dr. king once said everyone can be great because everyone can serve. at at&t, service is at the core of who we are. more than 300,000 at&t employees and retirees are involved with service organizations. in 2010, at&t pioneer's donated 9 million hours of time worth more than $192 million. also worth noting in 2010, at&t chairman and ceo co hosted a reception at the national archives to pay tribute to a texas for an opera star. i think you just heard her. barbara conrad did a great rendition of ride on jesus.

most of you have a cd on your chairs of the story that chronicles her rise from a student who faced discrimination to what i can truly say is an international opera diva. we are so proud of her. [applause] we are reminded of dr. king's insightful words, when the architects of our republic, constitution, and the declaration of independence, they were signing a promissory note to every american. it was a note that all men would be guaranteed inalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. if a man does not have a job or an income, he has neither life, nor liberty, nor the possibility for the pursuit of

happiness. he merely exists. at&t will continue to invest to expand our next-generation wireless, and to embark on a new era of broadband access to underserved urban and rural communities, increased access to vital services in these communities, and create new jobs and prosperity. in closing, at&t is committed to continuing jobs, social justice, and equality, to make it a reality for all. so thank you. it is now my honor to introduce the 82nd attorney general of the united states and the first african american. please welcome eric holder. [applause]

>> thank you. thank you. thank you. thank you. thank you. good afternoon to all of you. it is a privilege to stand with you all and to join with some many distinguished leaders and with so many members of the king family as to celebrate the life and enduring legacy of our nation's great drum major for justice, the rev. dr. martin luther king, jr. even the more than four decades of passed since his death, it is clear dr. king's spirit lives on. it's still has the power to bring ordinary people together to accomplish extraordinary things, to inspire an act of

courage, compassion, and collaboration, and to embolden people to blaze new trails, to overcome longstanding obstacles, and of course to make history. in three days, we will do just that. together before hundreds of thousands of people here in our ancient capital, and before millions of people on television all around the world, we will gather near the place where nearly half a century ago dr. king shared his dream with all the world, and called for the best in the american people, the best in all of us, and the presence of leaders who once struggled alongside dr. king, and shoulder to shoulder with many others who strived undocumented two events this cause still today. we will join with president obama to dedicate a permanent memorial to this extraordinary

leader, and also to his enduring legacy. this moment has been a long time coming. it has been too long. it never would have been possible without the tireless efforts of many of the people in this room. some of you have been working for decades to secure appropriate recognition of dr. king. you deserve a profound appreciation of your fellow citizens for all of your efforts. but personally want to thank you for everything you have done to make this historic commemoration possible. while we have much to celebrate this week, our times together must not simply be marked by revelry and pageantry. rather, we must seize this unique and important

opportunity to rededicate ourselves to dr. king's vision of racial and social equality, with efforts to expand economic opportunity, and to reaffirm the values which were at the heart of his service, the root of his actions, the core of his character, and the center of his life -- tolerance, non-violence, compassion, love, and above all justice. "we concentrate this weekend, a magnificent monument of grant that -- granite that will sit on the hallowed ground. one must also remember the spirit of the man who in life and our nation to the commonality of humankind and the equality of people. all of that has been achieved in recent years, empowering all

fellow citizens. it is in complete. as in every generation, this work is our work. this path is our path. this dream is now our dream. the challenges before us and the divisions that too often separate many of us from one another have evolved over the years. but addressing them will require the same skills, the same perserverance, and the same vision as those nobly exemplified by dr. king. the time to act has never been more urgent. let me be clear. it is obvious we have not yet reached the promised land that dr. king spoke of. a direct beneficiary of the civil rights movement is now the white house. [applause]

another direct beneficiary has the honor of leaving our nation's department of justice. but we are not yet where we need to be. [applause] still today, after some decades of struggle, even in america's most vibrant and prosperous city a, it cannot be denied that there are communities where learning and job opportunities remain firmly closed, or the promise of equal justice is unfulfilled, and where thousands of children, children of color, grow up at risk and in need. we must resist the temptation to give into cynicism and despair. we're called to look upon our country as dr. king did, san not only great challenges, but also

extraordinary opportunities. it is our moral imperative to remember what he left behind. each of us has the obligation and power to improve the lives of others. this will never be easy. it may not always be popular. very soon, a monument will stand as an internal testament to the fact that the work of promoting peace and ensuring justice -- one person can and must make a difference. individual action counts. individuals must stand and be counted. those who are willing to march toward progress to defend a principle, to reach out a hand to others, or simply to take a seat in a court house or a classroom, at a lunch counter,

or at the front of a bus can or will change the world. we have no excuses for failing to act. an extraordinary example set by a man who will guide our steps forward. on sunday, we will have the opportunity to rededicate ourselves to this journey and to the work of the fine and distinguished dr. king. as we dedicate the memorial, it is fitting to remember that as long as we have this site, the impact he had on society will remain as part of our landscape, with monuments to our nation's first president, its

architect, it's great demands of pater, and our great -- its great emancipator. -- there on our national mall, not a president, but more than an ordinary man will be honored among those who are his peers. his legacy will inspire generations to come. once again, i want to thank you for everything you have done to make this possible, for your continued commitment to dr. king's work, and for assuring his vision that we will walk together into the promised land. thank you very much.

>> once again, please welcome minister ernest pew >> ♪ let your glory feel this year all consuming fire but this tabernacle purify our hearts surround us in this place lunch every new light with finesse -- within us purify our hearts

of your glory build let your all-consuming fire yeas surround us in this place ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ [applause] >> look and comedian jonathan slocum. >> you did not clap for me. give me a little round of applause. i have my easter suit on from seventh grade. of is looking around the building and noticed -- raised a hand if you have in your pocket your aarp card.

just raise your hand if you have yours with you. [laughter] we want to pay tribute to the people who paved the way. this is about civil-rights pioneers past and present. civil rights leaders, raise your hand, if you're here in the building, if you called for civil rights. can you raise them higher? the need a little help? i have a special love for those of you that paved the way for us. because of this event, they have made arrangements for all of us to get around. i saw something yesterday that messed me up. i saw a lady who was waiting for one of the shuttle buses. every time her bus would pass by, her loose-fitted dress would fly up and she would grab hut. this is what i saw. i saw it happen again. the bus went by.

her dress went up. the woman did this. i was thinking maybe she did not know what was going on. i said excuse me. you should probably watch yourself, because people can see. she said look here. i am 89 years old. i know what is going on. i know when that bus passes by my dress was up. i do not care. my dress is old. i just bought this house. -- this hat. i had to let it go. and we need our old school people in the house to make some noise. let me hear you strong. we need for some of you to come back today. back in the day, nobody was hungry, because we fed each other. all we needed was a loaf of white bread and some baloney.

make some noise. thatarve there's less of government cheese. -- carved that slice of that government cheese. when we were thirsty, we have water from the faucet. there was something about the water from the water hose. what happened to kool-aid? all it took was the container full of water. you put the kool-aid in it. you get a 2 pound bag of sugar. you do not scoop it. you do not dip it. you pour the whole thing in on there. then we had that for living on sunday. you remember that? church was different gotten the day. they did not have the pre show

worship team. they had the old deacon who stood in front of the congregation. nobody knew what he was saying. all we heard was [unintelligible] we knew what that meant though, didn't we? raise your hand. the good old days. yes indeed. we are on a mission. we're going to start it today. we want our kids to have names that they can spell. can i get a witness? i sign autographs for a living. every week i get one of these. what is your name? my name is alqueeta shiobanna

jackson. my friends call me pookie. i cannot spell my real name. we have to stop that. people in their kids after things they can't afford right now. "escalade, come here. courvoisier. mortgage." does not cute. -- that is not cute. my people, my people. the good part about the afternoon is your food is coming up. get ready to eat and eat and eat. thank you very much for your love. >> please welcome executive vice

president and chief marketing officer of b e t networks. >> thank you so much. good afternoon, everyone. on behalf of that and our chairman and ceo, it is truly an honor to be here to not only witness this occasion, but to be actively participating in it. i am the director of marketing for b.e.t., and we are thrilled to be with you today. we have heard many people who approached the stage to say a debt of gratitude to the martin luther king jr. foundation, and the countless wars to and supporting this effort for over a decade. we join you all in expressing that debt of gratitude.

we stand here today on the brink of seeing an idea come to fruition. i am representing a generation whose lives were made easier by our forefathers and the warriors of the civil and human rights movement, who are actually here today. we did not face some of the troubles you can tell us about. you give us the opportunity to walk in your footsteps, and the idea that we truly can achieve greatness. they call us the generation of exurbs. we keep the dream alive. we are proud to be supporters of this effort, to help realize the first memorial of an african

american on the national mall. on august 28, we are dedicating our entire day of programming to dr. king's memorial and legacy. for those of us who are fortunate to be here this weekend, we know we have family and friends who would love to be here, but cannot. we will broadcast live on sunday to allow the masses to witness and participate in this momentous occasion. it is not possible to represent the extreme excitement and pride that the employees at bt deal about what has taken place this weekend. our employees did produce a video that represents a snapshot of the emotional toil and triumph of the civil-rights

movement. there was a tremendous amount of pride and excitement that went into creating this video. i am proud to share it with you today. thank you very much, and please roll the video. >> it is a threat to justice everywhere. ♪ >> the land of the free and the home of the brave. ♪ >> we are willing to be beaten for democracy.

>> it was like being involved in a holy crusade. it became a badge of honor. >> you had to stand up. >> we still advocate non- violence and passive resistance. >> with the freedom lovers, it was a genuine revolution. >> on trains, buses, anything they could get. >> will be demonstrating until freedom comes for negros. ♪

[applause] >> and i have seen the promised land. i may not get there with you, but i want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the promised land. [applause]

>> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome u.s. congresswoman from dallas, texas, sheila jackson lee, an actress and activist, and jesse jackson. [applause] >> hula my in this auguste room -- who am i in this august room, with pioneers, and laborers, to speak about justice? you have labored in the bellies of despair. who am i?

but i come as a beneficiary and an actor who uses the tools of the law to be able to implement and to call on those who can render justice to do so. i call with appreciation to the southern christian leadership conference, with which i had the chance to work, the naacp, the organ network, and so many others that i cannot name. cesar chavez worked with martin luther king. he understood that people need to come together. who am i? as a young child, and knowing the bible said justice, having the opportunity to see a man walk taller than he was, alongside a lovely woman who

continued to press forward, loretta scott king. who am i? justice is imbedded in our constitution. the open wards said we come together to formulate a more perfect union. the declaration of independence said we all are created equal with certain unnamed ninth ball -- in in the research and rights. -- with certain rights. we have strange ideas about justice. we feel someone else should do that. when i sit in the justice committee, with the honorable john conyers, who sat with my predecessor in the first stages of the watergate proceeding -- i wonder whether we recognize that we should be fighting for justice? martin luther king is asking us

never to give up on what is justice. so my challenges for you to be reminded that work can not come without action. it is for you not to give up on the tools, for you to be litigators' of life. as martin the third talked to us about dying for something he believed in, we have to be able to be willing to die for justice. and you wonder, in the 21st century, with our wonderful legacy president, president barack obama -- as general holder said, beneficiaries of martin luther king, we wonder whether there is work for you. let me provide you briefly with your challenges. you must litigate equal opportunity. you must not continue to slide

away from jobs without challenging whether or not you have been fairly treated. don't be afraid of the courts and the administrative procedures to insist upon a form of justice. martin king wrote in 1961 about law and civil disagreements -- civil disobedience. we must be determined to resist reactionaries. my friends, you are entering a reactionary. probably worse than post- reconstruction and the jim crow laws. i do not use race as an excuse, but i want you to litigate justice. that is whether or harder sentences for crack cocaine. we wrote legislation for barack obama to reduce the comparison between crack cocaine to take our brothers and sisters out of jail. you must litigate leave a child

behind. there are those bright-eyed minority children looking to you to wonder why a five been condemned -- have i been condemned when i am a talented artist or writer? you must challenge lead to a child behind. when we look to the elected officials who say here comes one more minority official, you must understand the tide is being turned by redistricting. you must litigate to ensure the protection of opportunity for the children who come behind us. you must recognize the scapegoating of public employees may not be you today, but as you are well aware, they may come for me at night and will come for you in the morning. as we go to our respective communities and shake our heads about school districts, and ask a question about why the performing poorly, you must stand against the closing of

minority schools and school districts. you must resist activities that take us back, and reactionary actions. it is so important to press forward on civil disobedience. the ends and the means must be coherent. my challenge to you, brothers and sisters, for someone who wonders how i managed to speak about justice -- it may be because andrew young and others managed to touch me as i worked in the deep south, registering poor farmers to vote. maybe it was at that time the soldiers of dr. martin luther king, who grew on civil disobedience, touched in me a desire to be a lawyer that would

find the opportunity to litigate her entire life to get justice. to the naacp legal defense fund, to the likes of kalanchoes and others -- of elaine jones and others -- let them know that justice is not come from a law degree, but your willingness to die for justice, and to find something to touch and say i am going to press. i am going to stand. i am going to make sure that martin's mountaintop, the decision for a people, is never brought down by reactionaries and those who wish to isolate us and throw us along the keep of a highway of garbage. we are a people. we are americans. we will litigate for justice. it is embedded. it is in our dna, or pedigree,

our legacy. it is the dream. justice stands justly and apparently. god bless you and god bless the united states of america. [applause] >> good afternoon. i am honored to be among such distinguished guests. i thank all of you for a love for children. i was asked to speak on love. i am ostrow, as a former foster youth of 18 years, being here in washington, d.c., and witnessing this extraordinary occasion. i represent the casey foundation

i thought it would be appropriate to read a brief expert from the man more of the woman who raised me. it bears mentioning as i hail from the free state during the missouri compromise that black children were not allowed to be raised by any other family but black families. and there are a lot of black people in maine. believe it or not good that said, my foster mother, born in 1902, whose sister was the first executive secretary to the united states gov., gov. deaver, give me this gift of love. at the armistice -- agatha arsis, room, i jumped into bed first. there were trinkets, be it, pill bottles, jars of cold cream, face founder.

all in the compact new england sleeping space. in the rare occasion that i was ill, there is always a jar of vicks they arrive at the ready. does anybody know what i am talking about? that cure that she would rubble on my chest with love and then give me a teaspoon of with love. i always thought it would kill me. i never asked why. i just swallowed. i could feel it like a soft ball of fire. i had to see how deep her wounds were pinned how heavy was her burden, still facing the wall. i watched her shadowed so what fighting against the patterned wallpaper. i had to see more. i saw the agonizing steps she

took with her over 30 finger and her bent over spine. not turning around to see if i was awake or asleep, she always remembered that the neck and chest were all up part of the face. add the new all and assumed that i had seen her restless body, curved and beautiful. she knew that i had seen her without her wig. how did she channel away the pain. after popping their role laid, she instantaneously look into the blackness of the time they cricket sang its first note. i join her in praying, not understanding why this foster mother prays for redemption or maybe i knew that she was as close to god as any human can be

and threw her i could be, too. i was still trying to figure out what god was and what god meant. just lying there breathing with those plastic beads between her fingers, this was my fortress. she was my belonging, along with 500,000 other foster children needing a mentor, needing love. she was my mentor god bless the child and god bless all of you who care for other people's children, giving them love unconditionally. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. it is a true honor for me to be here today during this historic week for our country. like millions of americans, i am filled with joy that dart took -- that dr. martin luther king, jr. is finally receiving the permanent tribute he deserves in our nation's capital.

i look forward to welcoming members of my community to washington to visit our newest monument. we all know that dr. martin luther king, jr. was a man of great faith in that faith included his unshakable belief in our country. he reviewed the majestic documents of this great nation, the declaration of independence and our constitution. he knew that the path to equality and justice lay in embracing our country's most fundamental values and principles. in his iconic "i have a dream" speech whose anniversary we commemorate this week, he spoke eloquently about the declaration of independence. part of history, in fact, was that this nation would one day live up to that creed. we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are

created equal. i believe that he did this in part to demonstrate that those core tenets of our democracy cannot belong just to a few or just to one party or just to one group of americans. they belong to all of us. i think there is no better time than right now to remind us all of that. he quoted from these cherished documents to reaffirm to other americans that democracy and living up to our hour -- to our ideals are not just abstract concepts, but a breathing and

living reality. it is why his words also resonated so deeply with the latino community. thousands were on the mall that day, including my predecessor, who marched with dr. king. i am a child of dr. king's hope. i know about the power of his dream. his team was -- his dream was an inclusive dream. it was universal and transcendent. and he lived his words. we are caught an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single sermon of destiny. when he wrote to one of our communities great leaders, caesar traumas, during one of the fasts, in that telegram he said our separate struggles are really one. a struggle for freedom, for dignity, and humanity. dr. king's telegram was a call to action and his words are just as relevant today as we continue

to fight to make the promises of democracy real for all americans. it is what -- it is why we are working so hard to make sure that all of us have a voice and that all of us exercise our right to vote. nothing is stronger than our commitment to civil rights and human dignity. nothing is stronger than our commitment to full and equal political participation. nothing is stronger than our commitment to increased opportunity for all good nearly 50 years have passed since dr. king's legendary speech. so much has been accomplished yet it is clear that there's so much left to do. it is my hope that 50 years from now we will be able to look back on this time and that historians will say that we took advantage of this moment, that we came together, reminded of the vision and his great dream, and that we wrote a special

chapter in our country's history, that we came together and stepped up to build a coalition, the bridges, the understanding that allows us not only to advance our respective communities, but to move our entire nation forward. together, we can move mountains. thank you all so very, very much. [applause] >> let me express thank you to god for being a part of this. i wish for all the men of the fraternity to stand. give them a huge hand. [applause] a really big hand. [applause]

the children of martin, please stand. the king family, please. [applause] a member of -- and the members of the king staff are here who marched on birmingham. i want you to stand. otis moss and j.t. and so on all of you on dr. king's staff, please stand, staff members of dr. king. [applause] give them a big hand. [applause] dr. king's staff, give them a hand, will you please. [applause] give them a big hand all of them. [applause] let me ask you a series of questions, please.

how many of you have a family member in jail? please stand. if you have a family member in jail, please stand. a family member in jail, please stand. be seated. those of you who are in hong foreclosure or are behind in your hand, please stand pin someone who is in home foreclosure or behind in their rent, please stand. be seated. in your house, there is a student loan debt, please stand. we will get to it. someone in your house is in credit-card debt, please stand. how many of you need a job? please stand. [laughter] be seated.

you know someone who has contemplated committing suicide, please stand. today, i consider myself blessed having just left to jail a1963 to come to the march on washington and to hear and see dr. king and will wilkens and dr. russo and whitney young and john lewis. i prayed with them, talked with him, to walk with him in the battles, they confrontation bottles of selma and chicago and birmingham and cleveland and new york and gage park. we made our case against war in new york and united nations. many see the dream as an idle dream. why is dr. king down there

talking about dreaming? unless you understand the broken promise, the dream does not quite resonate with you after years of legal slavery, african americans were in the slave trade industry. congress made a promise that was passed by one vote, the 13th amendment. the court made a promise in brown v board of education. the promise had not been honored.

the check has bounced. mark insufficient funds. [applause] give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses, of those who reach the port in jamestown, va., it is 165 miles from where the slave trade was initiated in this country. dreaming of equal protection under the law, dreaming of ending skin idolatry, dreaming for a day public accommodations bill, dreaming for the right to vote, dreaming of open housing, dreaming of it will have quality public education, dreaming of a poor people's campaign, dreaming of ending immoral unnecessary wars.

so the march on washington was an act of defiance. engaging in civil disobedience, and we wind up party and not what about the poor. -- and we wipe out poverty and not wipe out the poor. we speak of this idea of hope. faith is a substance of things hoped for. i see ministry churches and names on their finance, faith baptist church, hope church of god, substance church of substance hope, of substance

institutions. we hope we hit the lotto, but we will not talk about that type of hope. hope for things unseen. today, we hope for a national jobs summit. we hope to bailout homeowners and not just the bank system. we hope to have the glass- steagall act. we hope that drones can drop

bombs in pakistan can drop food in somalia. we hope for a fairer tax code where the will of his pay their fair share we hope for the repeal of the bush tax cut extension. we hope for change and we fight for that change today. we hope for fair trade policies. lastly, we are in a pain because way have a captain -- those who engage in states' rights want to overthrow the captain and threaten those on the deck of the ship.

but we are all in the same boat. they will not allow the top of the ship. we must stop them in 2011 and 2012 could the tea party is not new. it is just a new name but an old game. their interest is not a negotiation. their aim is to and the reign of democracy. too much wealth in the hands of too few people, too many wars, and too much violence and too much pain and too little will to fight back. this is the time to act when the state's rights voices are trying to take the voter rights back. many are facing voter rights suppression.

as we meet today, workers want collective bargaining under --

workers have collective bargaining under attack. it is time to leave the fighting to make the dream alive, to make the dream real. today, we pray for our capt. of this ship of state. to stop the mutiny, we must fight back. we have come back. we're in the whole of that ship. that is a painful reality today. number one in short life expectancy. number one in unemployment. while we have a captain of the ship who is african-american, the president of our choice. we need a ladder those who put us in the hull -- we must march out. do not let them break your spirit. i know is hard and difficult. do not let them break your spirit. that is what marching is about. we march because we are not afraid. we fight back because it is time to come back to washington. we fight back in dr. king's name. we fight for jobs. the lord is our life in our salvation. it is healing time. it is hope time. we leave here to go back. to maintain gains, to maintain our present, to make the case of my people.

god will hear our prayer and heal our land and we will all keep hope alive. march on. god bless you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the one and only chairman emeritus naacp julian bond. [applause] >> thank you a great deal. it is not right that i should be asked to follow rev. jesse jackson. and you know it is not right. [laughter] i want to thank back some of you to august 20, 1963. i was one of 260,000 people from

around the country who gathered at the mall here in washington to hear this amazing array of speakers and a witness with what -- witness what we did not know at the time to be the biggest civil rights demonstration to be held in american history. the civil-rights organizations that sponsored the march each had a press spokesman who spoke for the organization and who worked in the march. bill this organization then and now was the naacp. and the spokesman for the naacp was a distinguished man named henry lee moon. i was the youngest person of the spokesperson group. representing the youngest organization, the students' non- violence coronation committee. my job was to give coca-cola's to the movie stars.

one thing i will remember was giving a coca-cola to sammy davis, jr. and him saying to me, "thank you, kid. the king family lived three doors apart in atlanta. their children and my children, the king children and my children, they played together and went to school together. i saw martin luther king in the grocery store, in the drug store, and the bank. to me, he seemed to be a familiar figure. it had not yet reached the heights of fame he was destined to reach. you could almost say doomed to reach. his assassination sadly propel them into the atmosphere of

distinguished people that we are so, sore, so sorry to have lost. but he was a famous person, but an ordinary person and a person who was easy to approach. one man who was put to follow me in this program, amos brown, i was looking up to be a student of martin luther king's. another are lots of people in this room and lots of people in this world who will say that i was a student of dr. king. but amos brown, julian bond, and six other people are the only people in the world who can honestly say that we were students of martin luther king. martin luther king only taught one time, only top one class, with only eight people in the class. i am one of the eight. if you hear somebody else say that, they are telling a big lie. [laughter] i wish i could tell you that i had the wit to take it to a reporter to class or that i had taken extensive notes in class and kept them until today. but i did not do that.

in fact, i remember almost nothing that passed between teacher and student in the class. in one day class was over. we were walking across campus. i said, how're you doing? case that i do not feel well. i feel awful. i have a nightmare. turn that around. i have a dream. i made that up. no one had to write back for him. he was such a marvelous personality with a marvelous

gift. he is one of them back and talk to black and white people and have each of them understand what he was talking about. this monument is a fitting testimony. a more fitting one would be if each of us decided to carry on this work. we will make the dream come true. thank you. >> please welcome will gray. [applause] >> everything has been said that ought to be said it said those of you who may say anything bad

about me. i want you to remember that the person he wrote my recommendation was martin luther king, jr.. the person it came to new jersey to install this was martin luther king, jr.. i want us to reflect on one historical point. there were three revolutions in america. the war of independence, the civil war of the 19th century, and the civil rights movement of the 20th century. all three were watersheds in american history that fundamentally changed the direction of this nation.

america has honored the leaders of the war with the washington monuments and the jefferson memorial. we have honored the leader of the civil war with the lincoln memorial. this week, located between all three, we need to gather to honor the leader of the third comment the civil rights movement. when we go on sunday to that great moments, i hope all of us will remember that the memorial truly represents the beginning of the filament -- the fulfillment of american democracy and movement.

it was the culmination that defines who we are. it is the direction we decide. i am honored and delighted for those that live on the apartheid site of america as well as the struggle for freedom in america. i would be delighted to stand there on sunday and rejoice. thank you for this moment. >> please, welcome.

[applause] >> good afternoon. to all your members, individuals gathered. you are coming to this house his star -- this historic proceeding.

there are heroes and zeroes. i am amos brown. i am the senior pastor. we will rest assured. you better know that they did not get up there by himself. i am up here today. i am here with my it fraternity

brother. the person that labored with me with human dignity. i stand before you today. my school made references. dr. king taught only one class in his lifetime. we sat in that seminar. it is a social philosophy.

dr. keing rose. he had a great mentor he passed on to other and yours pearls ofgreat wisdom that we received from him. i want to frame my comments. after all is said and done, we must never forgets that t was a black baptist preacher.

many have not understood that. he was also employed. another baptist preacher in packs -- impacts it. in 1926, when howard university decided it was inclusive, was president. this is what they know it to be today. there are many others.

they have the right to be possessed. that shows a preacher we have not said enough about. when they arrived in washington, he did not look into what the next cocktail party would be. he saw out justice louis brandeis. he said to him, if you were the bill, what advice would you get to the builder?

he would not say what he meant until he was dead. if i were to take this loss go from being a night school to a first-class cool, i will not build it. i would not be in law school. i would teach him how they need to be criminal lawyers. he said i will build a school. it still keep young, black minds after constitutional law.

he told an to get to work. it was the confidence that there was a black boy named pirogen marshall. they will be for that high court. it is better than thomas jefferson. it is public education on the

grounds. a baptist preacher laid the groundwork. martin luther king was a preacher. they got this under equal protection. they are under equal protection under the law. handicapped people have a better day.

>> in that class, but dr. kean told us third a dart through dr. martin luther king told as not to be come preachers. he said be a profit and speak truth to power. my daddy had diabetes. he also have hypertension. his oldest brother had a stroke.

one year ago, i suffered a stroke. god spare my mind and now. i will come here and speak to you today. we still need a therapeutic team to get this out of our minds. out of our souls and bodies. we can make this more than stones. we hear the message of martin luther king, jr..

he said at the feats of other teachers. he learned nothing about professionalism. i say that we need some therapy in this land. and so we get busy. get out of our system. homophobia is something that martin luther king would stand up 4 p were alive today. he knew they gave man was the logistical frame and the

organizer behind the march on washington in 1963. god knows we must not become that which we hate. we should not marginalize. people who are different will stand up. stand-up for truth. stand up for consistency. do what the teacher but have us do. all of god's children will be able to say i am black and proud. i am yellow and i mellow. i am read but i ain't dead. i am straight but i am sensible.

i am white and i am all right. that was the message. give them another round of applause. i am proud to announce that according to this, we needed to be out of this by 2000 -- by 2:25, every speaker has complied.

it is along with the accompaniment of music. let me say thank you to all of the program participants today. today began four days a celebration. we celebrate the formal dedication of the martin luther king memorial. we give thanks to all of these supporters. everyone was given money. give them any sense of support. when it was envisioned, there were many doubters and said it cannot be done. this is a chevy to many people. it is a warm thanks to harry

johnson's incredible leadership. [applause] i just want to say as the contemporary leader, but one thing is the continuing debt of gratitude we all zero. we all owe to the men and women organized the effort. also, this was one parts of a broad movement for social and economic justice. all of us today have to continue to remind ourselves that our accomplishments cannot have been possible without the sacrifice

of others it generation ago. it is touching to say many others. they true they were alongside within an inch apart of the effort. most of us know that while leadership has expanded in change, what we do have an african-american and the white house, we do have one at the department of justice. our continuing role as to be the conscience of this nation, to challenge this nation and continue to work to achieve his dreams. it is important.

those who say nothing has changed since the 1960's are absolutely wrong. those the say america has lied, that they have lied, are equally wrong. we must give credit to the distance we have come. we're seeing the dedication of this wonderful memorial. we are reaffirming our commitments to social and economic justice. it is the important work of this nation. they said the 20th century would be about the color line. i think it'll be about the economic line. combined with the color line. we have important work to do. thank you for being here. congratulate ourselves one more

time. give yourself a round of applause. >> it is accompanied by an outstanding music group. >> it is an honored to be here. it is such an auspicious occasion. we feel right at home. we would like to bless this house. ♪ blrdess this house

oh lord praisess thi night and day bless these walls so fine and sound keep me warm and travel around bless those chimney matchmen who are tall

lay thy peace over all bless this door it may be full of joy and love ♪ >> we live like to mix the old with the new. tommy people here love motown? -- how many people here love motown that i know you would.

my brother is line to start a little something up. ♪ ready or not here i come when you herar the thunder

come you better be wise i'm going to expose what you going to do what am i going to do since i've been waiting for you every time was the wrong time now it's my turn to move ♪ you better be wise i'm coming what are you going to do tonight?

i'm coming ready or not ready or not ♪ ♪ i don't care what they say, what they do ♪ ♪ ready or nooot ♪ ready or not here i come if you're trying to side i'l rock your side i'm coming what are you going to do tonight? ♪

♪ i'm coming ready or not ready or not ♪ ready or not here i come youcan't hid going to find you ready or not here i come you can't hide gonna find you ready or not if you hear the thunder roll, that's my bass and my drum i'm coming hey, hey, \ ♪

i'm coming ready or not watch you going to do tonight? i must just give you everything tonight ready or not ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ we have no use for a bass guitar. give it up.

♪ ♪ [a capella sounds] what're you going to do tonight i'm coming ready or not clap your hands just a little bit just a little bit louder

clap your hands clap your hands what're you going to do tonight? i'm coming ready or not? ♪ [applause]

please rise for the benediction ladies and gentlemen and

keeper of the dream, please hold the hand of the person next to you and recognize that drug their friends, relatives, husband, wife, child, you may never have the opportunity to hold this hand again in this world. we regret that sister could not be with us today. revolutionary a

task. the body is now fral. -- frail. the legacy and labors are immortal. may we bow our heads. i looked on a hill and i saw men, women, and children standing with their hand united. each one looked into the e yes of the other and nobody was

afraid. i asked the angel "what is this?" the angel said "this is the kingdom of god."' i asked the angel "wher eis this?" the angel said "in your own heart."

. . . .

cabes [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011] >> since 9/11, not a single one has stopped because of security measures. in fact, there was a shooting at a ticket counter at l.a. x. nonetheless, congress has poured millions of dollars into the transportation security,

including confusing messages like the four-ounce liquid rule. the real help is that information sharing and intelligence are the absolute cornerstornse of counterterrorism. simply throwing money at the problem is not the answer. just as much as relying on luck or the quick reaction of the american people to protect the united states. continuing american success is important to fight riss-based security. only in this way can terrorists be stopped before they hit the public. >> just a little on our counterterrorism strategy. there are probably a lot of things in confusion.

homeland security is really about protecting targets, responding to threats. anti-terrorism is really, for lack of a better term, pick the bad guys off as they come through the wire. counterterrorism, whether it is domestic counterterrorism or global counterterrorist measures is about stopping the bad guys before they get to you. that includes everything from taking out leadership to disrupting organizations to frustrating on rages and planning to decreasing funding or fund-raising and recruiting. so we published earlier this week and talked about the homeland security part of that. here the focus of what we really looked at is where the bang for the buck is. we've been in this business

since before 9/11. repeatedly, time and time again, i come back to the argument that the biggest bang for the security buck is in stopping the bad guys to begin with. so the counterterrorism piece is really essential. you know, obviously, stopping cancer is the best thing, right, you know? it is nice to be able to treat it and recover from it. you wouldn't do everything in your medical system to just stop cancer, because someone is going to still get cancer and recover from it. so likewise i would not say don't have counterterrorism and anti-security measures. but if you don't have measures in place, it is like waiting for the cancer to strike. it is important to get them right. that's what homeland security 4.0 is about. the counterterrorism strategy is really about killing cancer.

this admission is about to makes an -- a big move in their strategy, and it is dead wrong. and i don't use the word "dead" lightly. the problem with where the administration is going in a nutshell is they are ceasing to hold the initiative in combating terrorism. so in every conflict, there is offense and defense. there is going after the bad guys trying to score, and there is waiting for them to come to you and reacting to that. if you deconstruct where the administration is going, it is shifting from a proactive strategy to going out and stopping problems to basically a conservative defensive reactive strategy. and ceding the initiative to the enemy is always a bad idea. so more specifically there are four fundamental problems that we talk about in the introduction to our strategy where the administration is going. the first is that they really are consciously trying to revert

to the law enforcement paradigm that we had before 9/11. this is the fundamental strategy that we use to combat terrorism in the 1990's, which is treat it as just another law enforcement problem. don't give it the respect it is due. treat it like an arsonnist or burglar. that is not -- treating that as a simple crime is like treating hitler as a simple crime. the second problem is what's going on in afghanistan. the administration simply is intent on prematurely leaving afghanistan. the problem is, that will create space for the taliban to come back in and restructure a space in the country. that will cause a problem for the taliban to reconstitute. then they will have a decision,

to reconstitute in pakistan or afghanistan. the pakistanis presence will wayne as u.s. presence declines. their opinion is we don't need an enduring presence on the ground anywhere. we can do this by drone strikes. again, this is a repeat of the prob strategy of the 1990's. the problem with the small footprint is you don't have knowledge of what's going on on the ground. you are relinalt on other people to give you that. so whether it is targeting a drone or understanding which people are on your side, you simply become dependent on others for your information. the more you are dependent on others for your information, the more they use that information to drive their agenda and not yours. the fourth problem is there is a consistent effort on part of the

administration to simply deemotionalize this by, in a sense, not naming the enemy anymore. if we don't name the enemy we are fighting, then nobody gets angry about it. the problem with that is, you lose your sense of moral purpose and strategic purpose when it is not clear who you are fighting anymore. what we argued for in our strategy, and i'll just briefly put it in terms of what we think are the key things that are very, very important, the united states is going to have to be actively engaged in afghanistan and pakistan and india for some time to come. this administration can walk away. i'm telling you, in two years we're going to be right back there again. that is the reality of the next decade. we spent a lot more focus in our strategy on two emergent problems, which is state-sponsored terrorism, particularly by iran, and

transactions of criminal activities in mexico which are increasingly taking on characteristics of not only a terrorist organize but also an insurgencey. this administration has simply refused to come up with a long-term sustainable program for the detension of terrorists. that is a serious problem, because detaining and investigating terrorists is probably the most valuable source of operational intelligence. i talked to senior police officials in new york and they will tell you 90% of the most valuable information they get comes from ininterrogation -- interrogation. and almost 80% of that interrogation information comes from overseas. the administration will say we're doing this now, and they can make an argument. but we're not doing it in anyway

that i would consider effica tious or efficient. we spend a lot of time -- we spent a lot of time talking about naming the enemy and talking about an islamist ideology and how islamist ideology is different than the religion of islam. how battling that ideology is as important as bat ling -- battling terrorists on the ground. the administration came out with a strategy not long ago about countering violent extremism. there is actually some valuable information in the document and some valuable tools. that document, of course, is not a strategy. the administration hasn't revealed a plan on how they are going to operationalize that and use the federal government to

give local governments the tools they need to combat criminal activities and maintain and construct health societies. the final point we make in the strategy is that a robust strategy is completely affordable. i keep getting under the -- i keep going pack to the thth point that it is said we cannot afford to defend ourselves. i disagree. this nation can afford to defend itself. and we can't defend the country on the cheap. we talk bd that. if even through the super committee or the sequestering that you went through cuts on the level they are talking about, which would be in the national security committee well over a trillion dollars, you are not going to have the ability to protect that you need. will you have a significant decline in intelligence capability. you will see cuts to programs in

the homeland security and in the terrorism world that are really valuable, and we're not going to be able to do the efficient capacity building that we need to do. those cuts are our biggest threat to our security today as much as any security concerns that we have in the world. with that i am pleased to take your questions or your comments. if you have a question, please state your hand, and if you would wait until you get to the microphone to folks listening on radio and tv can hear your question. also if you would state your name and affiliation, that would be helpful. >> my name is adam nixon. i'm with middle east broadcasting. i want to talk specifically about the massive terrorist attack. we all remember back in 2003, 2004. a lot of the conversation was

about anthrax, serin gas, dirty bombs. we've seen that conversation wayne somewhat -- wane somewhat. meaning we have probably gotten better with some of these things. how is that affected by the arab spring. it seemed to happen on a different track than islamism. yesterday we saw a story in "the washington post" which said libya may be unsecure. so where are we today regarding all that stuff? where are we regarding the massive terrorist attack? >> that's a great question. i wanted to jump up when dave and jess are talking, like with stocks when the guy jumps up and

says, "pass, secure" all that sort of thing. we have seen terrorists in the nation. some of it quite dramatic when you think back to the japanese cult which were the innovators of all innovators. if they didn't have the world's most stupidest scientists, they would have killed a lot of people. if you look at the chatter, there is still plenty of talk about aspirational attacks and killing large numbers of people. so it remains out there, but it is aspirational. there has been good work at focusing on weapons of mass destruction. i think that is money largely well spent. i hate the discussion where they say, well, nuclear terrorism, they say that's a low

probability but high consequence of that. that's stupid talk. if you are going to have -- to issue a probability, you have to have a data set. how can you issue a probability? you can't. you cannot issue sta activity cal -- statistical probability to these attacks. it is a meaningless term. these are things that can happen, and when they do happen we'll all pretend we're surprised like the 6.0 earthquake, when it is perfectly predictable, right? so i think we worry about weapons of mass destruction, but what we are seeing in the data is that while people still have interest in getting those materials, the trend is in what

i call weapons of mass dispresumption. that is, stringing together a bunch of activities to create a larger scale event with small scale items. i think mume buy -- mumbai was an example of that. armed attacks are kind of on their way back. multiple bombings are another good example, where you have a bomb, and then people respond to the bomb, and then there is another bomb. it doesn't take a genius to say, let's take a couple of those and some other attacks. if i were to pick the terrorist trend of the future, i would say you want to look at people stringing together a bunch of things that you don't need sophisticated technology or very scarce materials to do but can have a consequence out of scope

of what they are doing. so meab adding a cyber-attack as the rugs did in the georgia war. if that is the wave of the future, i think that is it, stringing things together to make a larger-scale attack. the flip side is, the more sophisticated your plot becomes, the more signals you send off that you are doing something. it should be easier to counter. that's kind of the state of where we are. sir? >> private citizen. should someone in this country who would tend to lay low and not be a small criminal while he's waiting out his plot, has anyone made a correlation between this latest, we won't deport the illegal aliens that we round up for some reason or

another, versus potential terrorism and/or being both? >> i think what the data shows is that terrorists send to be a small data set of any data set other than other terrorists. there is almost no community that you can say, well, that's where you are going to find the terrorists. in fact, where we have seen that happen, law enforcement has been able to zero in somewhat effectively and address it. we saw a lot of activity in the somali community sending them overseas. that community is a red flag. if you run around in the somali community and try to recruit someone, i think you are as likely to recruit an f.b.i. agent as you are a terrorist. you raise a really good point p. though. the secretary came out and said, the problem now is the lone

wolf. and everybody throws out the lone wolf as if that is something we should all be scared about. the reality is, few lone wolves are truly lone and hidden and give off no signal. for example, when we went back to look at the norway guy who killed an inordinate number of people. that was actually a good example of a weapon of mass introduction act. we discovered there were a lot of signals of things that guy had done which should have drawn the attention of legitimate law enforcement. i'm not talking about violating someone's civil liberties or freedom of speach or whatever, that guy did enough things at least in the united states that would have been indicators that would have triggered if not an investigation at least a law enforcement assessment. few lone wolves are really lone so that if you have signals you could really pull that off. again, you are going to find

someone that would be totally lone. the good news is, if they kill a lot of people, it is because they are lucky, not necessarily because they are good. the other thing is, they are probably only going to do it once because there is no network to support that. that's what you really worry about, right? if someone has a network that can do bad things, that is a threat to your society, not just a threat to a couple people. one of the things we talked about in the report is transnational criminal activity and why that is a great concern. that is an organized network with a lot of money. it is like $40 billion a year for people, drugs, money and guns. they are the only people that didn't ask for any stimulus money. they have a vested interest. they have an organization. they increasingly have characteristics that look like

insurgent terrorist groups. those are the people we really, really need to worry about -- about. what i really wanted to comment on is the patriot act and why it was significant in terms of the plot that -- plots that we thwarted. >> specifically, if you look at the three plots that were thwarted by luck, if you look at the christmas day bomber, his father went to the airport and gave warnings. that again points to intelligence. within that is the patriot act. there is the lone wolf provisions and things like that. there are three key provisions that have been up for renewal every year, but they have yet to get permanent authorization. they have been key in thwarting several of these attacks.

zazi, the surveillance provision was useful in thwarting zazi, the guy in colorado. we have seen several instances that this is an important provision that should get permanent authorization. >> one of the things people don't realize, criminal investigations don't work on a calendar. many can go on for months and years. if you are using investigative authorities, you don't know if those authorities are going to be around six months from now. so you are planning an investigation not knowing what tools are going to be able to you later in the year. that makes no sense. this annual renewal of these authorities, that is the worst of all possible -- well, not having them is the worst of all possible worlds.

the notion that once we renewed it is not possible anymore. we have to have investigations that may last three or four years. in some of these cases, it takes a long time to build the case you need to build. >> and we are not giving them several of the tools that are already present in criminal investigations. >> phil white. i'm a congressional staffer. looking around at the political environment, do you per seeve -- perceive there could be a flood-in-the-water effect if we contract with our involvement in the rest of the world? i would just ask for some of your philosophical thoughts on some of that.

>> i want to bring dave in here. dave has a powerful and telling chart in his report. where, you know, as -- there are two hills in the terrorist trend. one goes up in the late 19 0's, and then it plumets like a rock. what that was a result of was the soviet aggression post-u.s. failure in iran. the soviets believed that america was on the ropes, we were on the decline, and all we needed was a handle to push us over the edge. so you saw terrorism being sponsored literally worldwide. so the numbers through the 1908's, they just go up and up and up. then the cold war ends, and the numbers fall off the charts. so there is a case where we went to sleep in the 1970's and things got worse.

the cold war ends, and we live in this land of milk and honey. we are literally using the law enforcement paradigm. you find one, you arrest him, and you're done. what you don't see in that trend is, as the numbers are going down and as america's interest in combating terrorism is wayning, despite the -- as america's interest in combating terrorism is waning, despite that, what's missing is the set-up for the 9/11 era. so you see that being organized and the terrorism poths -- plots pick up. so in 2005 all our plans are being put back in place, and

magically the numbers start to go down again. in my mind, what the administration is doing is repeating the mistakes of the ends of the cold war. they want to turn their backs on the problem because the number of attacks is declining. do you want to talk about the trend numbers? >> if you have the report it is on page 5, chart number 4. as tim said, you see that during the 1980's terrorism is taking off against the united states. after the cold war ends, we have a significant drop. we go into this lull period. then we have al-qaeda and other terrorist organizations plotting their activities. then you have a spike up representing the 2001 and thereafter period. hopefully our resources have resulted in the decline. you can see we have this huge

wave. it decreases. we have another wave and it decreases. the question is with policy, are we going to go into a lull and feel that we have defeated the problem and we can contract, or are we going to realize that while we are restracting -- restracting the terrorists pr -- are plotting against us. we want to make sure that even though terrorist acts against the united states are going down, we want to make sure we are still diligent. >> what is interesting, while we have seen the number of plots go down, the number of instances is going up.

>> i have a question for mike and jessica. when you were looking at outcomes, doing your statistics, did you look at economic impact as a factor? for james, in the strategy, you talk about leading the south asia in pakistan and giving it 80% of the i.d.'s killing our troops over there are based out of precursors from fertilizer bombings. what do you think about the administration's recent efforts to try to reign in the -- rein in the fertilizer-based explosives?

>> basically it is a scriptive analysis. it tells you what tactics are used. this report doesn't take another step to draw conclusions for things such as the economic impact. >> so in terms of ricks on materials, when you look at the homeland security side, it really is kind of a cold cal cluss -- calculus of cost and benefit. the question is, we're at -- where is the break point between doing something and taking something bad off the table and the cost of loss of economic freedoms and everything else? the constitution is a good guide, because it creates clear lines of what government can and

cannot do. but then we get into areas where it is about choice. there is a large gray area between what you definitely shouldn't do, you know, ash trarely -- arbitrarily take away someone's rights and dual use. dual use is something you can use for something good and something you can use for something bad. a baseball bat can be a good thing in the hands of the yankees and a bad thing in the hands of the red sox. [laughter] you can perpetrate evil with a bat, right? what do you do with these things in the world that have good applications and bad applications? i would say on the high end where you have duel -- dual use technology, which clearly leads us to nuclear, certain bio-things, certain chemical

things, certainly you want to pay attention. for example, chemical is a good example. there is an attempt to regulate a lot of things in chemical that do not rise to the level of weapons of mass destruction. when you get to where it is a w.m.d. thing, i think it is legitimate for government to pay a lot of a -- attention. when you get to things like fertilizer, i think things in the balance shift somewhat. that's not saying you do nothing. it is like a gun in the home. well, you could have a law banning guns in the home, right? problem solved. i wouldn't do that because it is a violation of the constitution. i might tell a parent to have a

on the trigger lock and keep it out of the hands of children. so on the low end, i would put my investment into the investigatory tools. i would give you an example of a wasteful action we took. almost every driver has -- truck driver has to have a has mat -- hazmat license. they have to have a special background investigation, even with fingernail polish. that's a little nuts. having to have a hazmat license for every driver in the country is a drag on our country.

i am not in favor of restricting more things in people's hands. i would be more interested in investigations to determine what >> i wonder if there are things that you would cut to constitute the exit strategy you would take .

>> there were more things on the anti-terrorism side. this is where i find things that are simply inexcusible. on the homeland security side there is a good deal of that in terms ever homeland security grants and some of the other grants we are getting no vool ewe for. we have a list of those in our homeland security report. but the basic areas are homeland security grants. as a matter of fact, i'm going to let dave talk, because dave is doing some groundbreaking research on evaluating the efficasy of grants and one thing in particular is the fire

departmented. >> we looked at fire departments over a seven-year period. about half received funding to purchase equipment in addition to paying for salaries of firefighters. we compared them to the other half. after looking at various socioeconomic factors, we found fire departments that received funding did no better in taxpayers of fire departments that received funding in terms of saving lives due to fire and injuries to firemen. the federal government is putting a lot of money to pay local fire departments to be local fire departments. it is saying we're going to assume the federal government -- the federal government is going

to assume part of your budget now. it is away from helping cities and towns build capacity. that is a value-added role rather than paying fire departments to be fire departments. that's what the federal department is into right now. it is not really a value-added role to help protect the homeland from terrorist events or natural daffletters -- disasters. >> the notion behind security grants is a post-9/11 initiative. they went on the grant vehicle because that was the most obvious vehicle that we had in the past. it was the weapon of choice because it was the weapon at hand. what we have seen after 10 years

of doing this thing is that by and large, if someone was spending a dollar on something, and someone gave them 50 cents, they would say thank you very much. we didn't actually do any capacity building. now, that's a double problem. one is that we're not doing any capacity building, but the other problem is what we are doing is we're diverting resources from federal enterprise into the state enterprise. you are saying, what's the problem? i'm paying taxes in maryland, i'm paying taxes in d.c. the difference is, in one you are not building any capacity. the second problem is, you are making the federal government less responsive to things that are a responsibility of the federal government. when you look at a shift in the coast guard, for example. we are chronically under-building ships in the coast guard.

if you take that same amount of money and put it in the grant program, here is what would happen. they would pay for the things they need, because they are public safety requirements. let's go over here. >> thank you. my name is john tkachuk from the national federal security agency. my question is, do you feel this is a fair critique in light of the threat following 9/11? the threat was identified as bin laden, then iran. i seem to recall he made that a

campaign theme. do you think it was fair? >> i do. i think it would have been fair to extend that back to the bush administration as well, who i don't think had a good answer to this either. i think this is one of the key findings in the report or one of the key assessments in the report, which in addition to the great work that jeff and dave have done and a lot of the work that we have done at heritage is that based on some pretty extensive open source intelligence research, there is a difference between an insurgencey and a terrorist campaign. even terrorists that have an ideology, right? so the beider-meinhoff gang was strictly speaking, terrorists. a terrorist is someone who uses the thraut slaughter of

innocents to further a political gent. their ideology was primarily exercised through the act of terrorism. an insurgencey can have the same goal, which is radical political change. an insurgencey can use terrorism or other acts of violence as a component of that goal. but the difference is an insurgency also uses other tools including propaganda, political advocacy, psychological warfare. insurgency is abroader attack than just slaughtering people on the street. you have to have a different tactic in treating an insurgency . if you have a whacky ideologist

and you do something, we just kill you. look at the an ar communists -- anachist, the problem is, they work alone. they aren't well organized because they are anarchists. an insurgency is more insidious than that. look at the mafia.

if you haven't seen it, you should watch it every day. it prepares you to work in washington. [laughter] or the "sopranos." there is an ideology to these criminal organizations. it is true. the point is, the primary expression of that ideology is through their criminal activity. we can battle the mafia without battling their ideology. now, if their work was broader than just criminal activity. for example, you had corruption wike -- like we see with the cartels in mexico, then you would have to battle not only them and their ideals. this administration has

basically said we will battle them but not their ideals. battling their ideology is difficult because then you get into what's the difference between islam and extremist islamists. in this document they talk about giving chuents tools -- communities tools to defend a healthy society. how do you have an open debate about issues? how do you combat extremist ideas? how do private citizens combat extroomtreemist -- extremist ideas. when they say we can't fight a war of ideas, it isn't true. you can't battle counterterrorism without

battling a terrorist idea. many of the things it knows are effective aren't politically correct for them. therefore they either have to not do them because they are not politically correct for them, or they have to do them and pretend they are not doing them. they can't be seen to be doing them, because they don't like them. [laughter] is there a question here? sir, you get the last question. and it is the very last question because we have to end promptly at noon. it has to be a short question. >> on page one of your counterterrorism strategy report under the heading "why the president's strategy will fail" you state slammists are rooted in a strat -- state islamists

are rooted in a belief that islam swals equals power. >> i think it is a cultural statement. our belief system is rooted in chivalry and rooted in practices of value. if you are a good person, you are an honorable person. there are alternate conceptions of value based on power. if people fear you, you are the most honorable person. that is a perfectly acceptable anthropological explanation of differing views of honor.

this is one of the problems with warfare. the enemy gets a vote. the enemy thinks like the enemy thinks. if you don't appreciate how they view the world and what they are trying to do, you basically wind up in the end fighting yourself. we are out of time. you have been brilliant co-partners in this effort. all these materials are online at heritage.org. please join me in thanking our panelists. [applause]

>> even though the dedication ceremony for dr. martin luther king's memorial has been postponed because of the approaching hurricane, others are still scheduled, including a lunch honoring women in the civil rights movement. participants include maya angelou, bernice king, and juanita abernathy. live coverage is on c-span. in a few moments, a discussion on freedom of the press and national security. and "washington journal" live at 7:00.

the atlantic council is hosting a forum this morning on the future of libya. live coverage is on our companion network, c-span2 at 9:30 eastern. >> tour mount vernonon slave quarters on american history tv. former deputy assistant to the president talks about the secret taping system in the white house. the civil war resulted in a tremendous loss of life, but also great advances in medicine. the life-saving lessons learned during four years of bloody conflict. throughout the year we will visit frankfurt, kentucky. get the latest on c-

span.org/americanhistory. >> now from the aspen institute wikileaks and freedom of the press. this is a little more than an hour. >> wikileaks was dispursed so quickly. the u.s. has tried to determine

the appropriate tradeoffs between transparancy and privacy. the disclosure of government information is not really new or unique. for example, how is this any different from he can pose sure of the pentagon papers many, many years ago? what is new, however, is the use of anonymous technologies to instantly disseminate massive amounts of data. we need to ask ourselves, what is different now? how will the acks -- actions of wikileaks affect the actions between government and traditional media? how will it enhance our actions as citizens and voters? is it investigative journalism or is it, as some have said, promoting a culture of anarchic exposure of openness and

transparancy to be picked apart by the sound-bite culture of the 21st century. this event has raised some fundamental questions, questions which defy simple answers. at one extreme the disclosure can be seen as a natural consequence of a society using web technology to do business and represents nothing wrong. that is, you can't take the benefit of instan -- instant access without incurring some risk. the other point is it is a violation of law. it is the result we must focus on. both points may be reasonable, based on your perspective, but neither really satisfies. today we will discuss what follows in the wake of wikileaks.

we have a diverse panel to help us explore these issues today. all have written on the technologies which afford much greater access to information and how they impact a society. we have one full-time journalist and three law professors who, as the one-time -- long-time surnt journal -- journalist has said, has a spiskbent. jim is a national correspondent for the "atlantic."

jim has been a finalist for the national magazine award. he is the author of flying in baghdad and postcards from tomorrow's square from china. a professor of law the at harvard. he is the author of several books and "fix congress -- identificationcongressfirst.org. he once worked for judge posner on the second quart of appeal and for judge anthony scalia on the supreme court. george is from washington university. he is a senior fellow at the brookings institution where he speaks and writes about technology and the future of democracy. he writes frequently about the

effect of privacy on technology and liberty, including articles about the 4th amendment implications. finally, jonathan citron is a professor at the har -- harvard school of engineering and applied science. jonathan performed the first large-scale test of internet filtering in china and saudi arabia. as part of the open net initiative, he has co-edited a series of studies of internet filtering. his book, the future of the internet, was published in 2008. so let me begin with letting the panelists talk about this question. i would like to ask each of you the following questions. is wikileaks good or bad?

is wikileaks legitimate journalism? if not, what is it? >> my leagues athe the as espn spirit would say wikileaks good and bad, second wikileaks should not be prosecuted. third there is an alternative. it preserves the benefit of wikileaks while avoiding its troubling aspects. wikileaks might use a remarkable memoir recently published by julian assange's number two man for years before he was expelled from the organization. he praises its early successes, like publishing the records of swiss banking house which exposed tax shelters. there were other successes, like the release of the u.s. apache helicopter strike that killed unarmled people in iraq.

but the -- but he believed the troubles seemed to overwhelm the benefits because assange had a paranoid resistance to transparancy, he had a lack of political neutrality, and he was addicted to compiling power in his own hands. ironically this was the device wikileaks was put together to oppose. whistle blowing requires editing which is in the public interest. this led to serious privacy invasions, which berg deplord. there was the migs mistaken identification of a german citizen as a tax evadeor, and last year they published a man who pas was associated with a pedophile. the allegations were that this man was involved until

pedophilia, which were completely false, but his reputation was damaged. wikileaks released the names of dozens of afghans who cooperated with america with little concern for their safety. assange didn't engage in basic harm mitigation procedures which he should have, namely blacking out names of afghan citizens. he called this an ebay for wikileaks and he fused to make wikileaks finances transparent. finally he believed assange was interested in getting himself on television and embarrassing america at all costs rather than making moves in america's interest.

eventually assange kicked him out. his reins why -- his reasons were taken from the espionage act, which are the very reasons he is being prosecuted. now we are all lawyers. [laughter] >> the question is answered. first first amendment purposes is that julian assange should not be prosecuted. there is no principled way between differentiating between wikileaks and "the new york times." secretary of defense robert gates, the former secretary wrote the effect of the leaks on u.s. dip nationalic stables b tables was varely modest.

in an effort to expand the wikileaks are troubling. senator joe lieberman has called to allow the prosecution of publishers. lieberman has sort of risen as the bain mitch pell-palmer of this case. what is the alternative? if prosecution is not an option, the option is open leaks. a generally neutral platform for whistle blowers that avoid the trap of becoming pop stars like assange. wikileaks is not a publishing platform. it allows whistle blowers to deposit anonymously and specify