in the gop. later, a harvard university economics professor discuss the legacy of rev. martin luther king jr. and the issues of race and inequality in america today. "washington journal" is next. >> we are the 99%. we are the 99%. we are the 99%. host: the protests chant marking 1% of the wealthy just americans and 99% of americans, the rest, the movement known as occupy wall street. it started with a few protesters camping out about a month ago.

this weekend, thousands marching in new city -- in new york city in the movement moving across the globe. this weekend, the issue of poverty, the world bank indicating that by the end of this month, the population worldwide will reach 7 billion people. of that, an estimated 70 million living in extreme poverty. here in washington, the man who led the march for civil-rights, the martin luther king memorial, situated between the lincoln and jefferson monuments. this ceremony delayed from last august because of hurricane irene. it will get underway in two hours. we will have live coverage here on c-span. we will begin on this sunday morning, october 16, with your calls and comments about the

occupy wall street movement. where is it heading? the telephone numbers are on the screen. from the "time" magazine, a number of photographs that we will show you, as well as overseas websites. in rome, a peaceful march erupted in a riot after a few thugs, according to the police, began the fight with the police. protesters had taken over much of the northern trying co of new york's times square. the -- triangle of new york's times square. this is a demonstration and that western pennsylvania city. looking overseas with headlines

beginning with newspapers in london, and you can see some of the demonstrations and the car burning that we had talked about, from the mayor of rome. hundreds turned out to turn out -- to occupy tokyo. the german newspapers have this headline, going after the banks of germany. and from spain, if you can see how massive, 100,000 people in barcelona. and this from the taiwan newspapers, and some of the demonstrations and damage as a result of occupy wall street, of movement spreading around the world thanks to social media, facebook, and twitter organizing many of these demonstrations. one other headline from the "new york daily news," the same photograph from the scene in round.

-- in rome. tim is on the phone from alabama. the independent line, welcome to the conversation. caller: i wanted to let you know that i support the movement, that i have been unemployed for three years, only work four months in three years, and i have only made $400 all year long. it breaks my heart that the republicans will not work with democrats to get the country working. i see that they need to work out of $8 trillion cut on the debt, which tom coburn came up with. it is not stimulus. they need to reinvest in american jobs. i come from greenville, south

carolina, squared textiles moved out of the country in the 1960's. so the 1% did not want to pay the rest of us $3.50 an hour in the 1960's. host: you can also send us e- mail at journal@c-span.org. this is the scene from times square. that is the nasdaq symbol, not far from broadway and became crown zero and the new york rallies go across the globe. here is a story, that the world wide protest were not court netted but not quite spontaneous. -- coordinated but not quite spontaneous.

that essentially summarizes what happened over the weekend inside the "new york times" and robert joins us from of rhode island. caller: where it should be

heading is that we have all of these people unemployed due to jobs being sent overseas. they should bring them back for the same about money, and i can almost guarantee you -- i am an accountant -- they could manufacture those jobs here in the united states, give people a living wage, give them pensions and fringe benefits and put people back to work. just like the person they call before, who has the skills in textiles, items like that. put them back to work by starting to open up those close the factories, and using american workers. and then having the people that are the 99% realizing that we need to tell these retailers we want american products. if you do not have american products in here, we will find places that can provide us those

products. they keep having these contracts like nafta, we need an american trade agreement where we demand that they start trading with us and open up the markets for the people that can have these new businesses. that's what i would like to say. host: thank you. courtesy of the newseum, the headlines from spain. massive protests over the weekend, as part of occupy wall street. and from our twitter page, what our viewers saying -- we found some photographs, ala courtesy of the "daily mail" in london. jim joins us from illinois.

cholera on this whole thing has come about because of obama. -- caller: this whole thing has come about because of obama. he has not done his job to turn things around and make things better. he is the one that threw stimulus-free money, whatever you want a college, welfare monte, to the bankers, the mortgage people, i could go on and on. in the problem is, it did not do any good. now that he has failed, spent all of his time and good will with obamacare stuff that is not going to work, either, now he wants to turn around and tried at lackey as part of this movement, and he is not. these people are socialists, neo-communists, your university types. they won a free ride in a socialist system.

they do not want real america. real america gets industry and people back to work, creates jobs, and it is the entrepreneurship that brings america to its greatness. obama has no clue about that. but few people -- you say a thousand here and a thousand there -- that is just a tiny, tiny percentage of people getting together, just like someone in the 1960's. they do not have a cold. they do not have been anything written down. any harebrained scheme is what these people with this occup y business are all about. host: it did begin with a few thousand. over the weekend, and moved into the tens of thousands. you can see the size of the demonstrations from midtown manhattan and times square's.

it did spread globally. one of the photographs from taipei, taiwan, as the demonstrators there marched throughout the city. and monte has this point on our twitter page. nick joins us from inverness, florida. welcome to the conversation on the independent line. caller: thank you for c-span. that last caller is why this demonstration is going on. his information is clearly -- that message being put out by news corp. and fox news, pitting one side against the other -- it is obama fault. the reality is that the giant international corporations like news corp. and big oil companies and that type of thing really control our government and the messaging in our culture.

they get the people like the last caller to turn against the idea that government is a bad thing, and these are socialist. i'm an entrepreneur. i am a job creator. the job creators, protecting their tax breaks, they are creating jobs in china or the cheapest places to create them on the planet, not here in america. people should not be confused about this. none of these problems will get solved until we get the money out of politics, especially now that corporations are people and money is speech. one way to do that is to get money -- getmoneyout.com, which is helping to ban private and corporate money from our politics. the debate starts when we get the money out.

people should go to that website and sign up. make your voice is heard and get the corporations out of our politics. host: we appreciate the call. from one of our twitter followers -- a political note on all this from the front page of the "new york times," it is a fund- raising tool for the presidential candidates. it is the secret that the relationship between the president and wall street has chilled. one striking measure that that of the last -- the latest campaign financing report.

there is also this from taking noonan. she writes -- ows is an acronym for occupy wall street. from the "new york post," what the scene looked like if you are in manhattan and times square, part of the huge crowd with the demonstrations unfolding about 5:00 yesterday afternoon. jason joins us from atlanta, the democrats' line. welcome to the conversation. caller: a couple of calls before talked about it was almost fall. the bailout started under george bush. he had one page to a bailout of

banks. number two, now we have the people involved, we need to get people registered to vote. the republicans are trying to the press or suppress the vote, and we should get our money out of these banks. number three, i think you're c- span viewers are more informed, but a lot of these people are low information. it's important politics because of the person allows a bumper sticker or an ad to sway their vote, it's not that strong in the first place. host: thank you for the culprit that question that we are asking, the occupy wall street

movement, where is it heading? one says that it is about economic inequality. "new york post" today, mayor bloomberg looking at those third term blues. he made his money through bloomberg medium and investments on wall street. on friday on wor radio, he had this to say. >> the bottom line is i do not agree with their message heard targets. wall street is a way to pay our firefighters and cops and teachers. you see the municipal unions helping the protesters. helping them is one thing, but destroying our tax base is not good. we've got a lot of calls from elected officials threatening

them, saying that if you do not stop this, we will make your life more difficult. if those elected officials than half as much time trying to promote the city and get jobs to come here, we would go a long ways toward answering the concerns of the protesters. host: michael bloomberg defending wall street and the impact it has on the tax base in new york city. one of the issues that came up over the weekend is the inability to clean the park out. the protesters saying they would not move. our resolution was worked out on friday. but yesterday, as we see in rome and london, tokyo, new york city, the demonstration called occupy wall street -- where is it all heading? the "national review" on its front page -- no tea party. and from inside the washington post, david ignatius talks about

the global discontent. he says that europe discontent will increase. what worries him is the echo of the 1930's, when the traditional business and political leaders seem to fail during the downturn -- this conclusion from david ignatius. tim joins us on the republican line from massachusetts. good morning. please go ahead.

caller: i guess i am part of the 1%. i am not sure i really understand -- i understand their frustration but not what they want us to do. when the civil rights movement and the vietnam protests they had tangible messages and things that could be done to satisfy their concerns, and rightly so. i have four children, three working full time because they went out and found jobs, one not working because she is not pursuing an. i want to understand where they're coming from, even though i am part of the 1%, we are suffering wall street manages money for everyone, not just the elite. and people have 401(k)'s they manage them for the stockholders. yes, hedge fund managers make of

lot of money but they put up a lot of risk than ever. host: when you say you are part of the 1%, in terms of your own portfolio of earnings? caller: economic level and i have built a net worth. i am fortunate enough. i have worked hard but i also feel that i have been fortunate. host: thank you for the call. from the "of new york post," pandemonium. kathleen wright as this. join the conversation online, twitter.com/cspanwj

our e-mail address is journal@c- span.org. felix from winston-salem, north carolina says this -- the independent line, john in saratoga, new york, good morning. caller: that was a good comment about people voting. only like half the people vote, and that is a big problem. as an independent, i have to say something about all of this socialist talk.

obama is not a socialist. he is bragging about getting a billion dollars, and you read the thing about him and mitt romney. they get all of their money from these guys. it called them socialists is ridiculous. but this is what it is -- full employment in this country is about 5%. we have over 9% unemployment, so for extra% -- so 4% extra right now, if you had the jobs, they would not be in the streets. until they get together run work together, and as an independent, until the democrats sit down with republicans and act like adults and hash this out and work on real problems -- and i am not talking about tax breaks and regulation. we have education. the problem is so much deeper than what people are admitting very we are not leaving it --

are committing. we are not even getting the truth out here. until people and admit that there is a problem and start to work on it, i see these things getting worse and worse. host: daniel has this on our twitter page. one of the photographs from the demonstrations available on- line. the scene in brooklyn and lower manhattan. this from the "in new york daily news," take it to the bank. there crisscrossing new york. from woodbridge, va., welcome to the conversation. caller: a long time viewer over 10 years. where this movement is headed, it is obvious.

first of all we had the financial collapse. then we had the tea party. now we have the 99 percenters. it is obvious that the last 10 years is not worked with the republican policies. this is a result of the people out of work for so long. i was out of work for two years, and just part of working a temporary job. if i had the time, i would be out in the streets with them. we're seeing a political movement, a counter to the tea party, which this is much bigger than the tea party because this is really the people on the street talking about what is going on with the government, or they cannot compromise. that tea party has elected people who are basically standing fast in their views. they will not cooperate. we still have the debt crisis,

with speaker boehner and willing to do a deal with president obama, but the tea party stop that. we saw again with the budget where it congress basically went home. as we see this happen with the government, we feel like the government is now working for us and we need to of both those tea party people out there and put people in the compromise, whether republican or democrat. we need to solve some problems here. host: nelson, thank you for the call and thank you for tuning in for the last 10 years. how they occupy wall street began? a lot of different scenarios on the origin of the movement. the "l.a. times" has a piece on occupy britain.

you can read this story on line, and it is also the front page at the "l.a. times." of frequent tweeter has this on our twitter page. union join the conversation online at -- you can join the conversation online @cspanwj. and e-mail -- herald joins us from new jersey, the republican line. what is your take on all of this? caller: to answer your question, the occupiers are going to the banks. the reason they are going to the banks is to deposit the money

that they are getting paid. can you imagine what would happen if friday was that they that they really clean the park? they knew that friday was payday and they're probably getting paid their $600 a week, less than $100 a day, not a whole lot of money, but that they are on unemployment and they get this money, $600 a week to be an occupier, so they are going to the bank to deposit their money and get interest. the first caller talked about class warfare. others blame president obama and the republicans. actually, it is the democrats who forced the banks to give loans to people who had no jobs, no assets, no possibility to pay them back, and that obviously is

what generated it. or originally george washington, our first president, would have said to the occupiers, code a church. take your problems to god. fortunately, it got loves us all and loves the people on both sides. this is sunday. love all the people, and god loves us all, more importantly. let's go to church and pray for this beautiful country. our constitution is the best and the whole world. we have more blessings than any country. if you stop and think about what happened to rom or the soviet union, we are doing the same thing that the romans did and what the soviet union did. president obama, please, go to church.

take your family to a church, and stop and think. host: thank you for the call. the president will not be at the church this morning but at the memorial for they martin luther king memorial. it was originally scheduled for late august to commemorate -- commemorate the 40th anniversary of the famous "i have a dream" speech. it was postponed because of hurricane-force winds moving to the mid-atlantic region. it will take place today at 9:00 a.m., live coverage here on c- span. from the "atlanta journal- constitution," the front page above the fold. 48 years after the speech, a towering memorial has been erected.

so well with teams say today -- what would king say today? martin luther king iii has this op-ed. martin luther king ii in the "washington post," and live coverage with president obama among those at the event, with performances from stevie wonder and aretha franklin. you can see the have been to in its entirety here on c-span. this is from the "washington post."

thousands rally in that district calling for jobs and civil- rights. al sharpton and jesse jackson on hand. the stories saying -- like the king memorial dedication, the march was postponed as hurricane irene made its way to washington, d.c. back to your calls. where is occupy wall street heading? from boston, welcome to the conversation. caller: you are looking dapper as usual, brother. hello? host: we can hear you. go ahead. caller: i was down at occupied

boston on friday -- occupy boston on friday. i am a socialist and a machinist who was just laid off. i was there and struck up with a -- a conversation with the fellow who was laid off from i forget which bank, but he was making $150,000 a year and he was laid off. here you have a socialist machinist talking with an ex- banker who was making good money. he is not rich by any stretch of the imagination, but these effaces of the people down there. -- these are the faces of the people down there. it is not what you want dole label the people there, these are just regular americans who are fed up. i hate to say it, but i saw this coming a year ago.

caller: if you could summarize and in a sentence or two tell our listeners and viewers what this movement is all about, how would you do that? caller: is people tired of getting a raw deal. the wealthiest women from making 40 times what they make -- went from making 40 times what they make some more. if my salary was based on that, i would be making $800 an hour. what i am afraid of, i do not care if we get -- if everybody gets out there, the moneyed interest will come up with some funny attack to break out with martial law. if we were there with rifles the way that the tea party had, can you imagine their reaction?

the police action that they have had, or the republicans -- host: we had some static at the end but thank you for your call. clearly based on news reports, rome had one of the largest demonstrations that did turn to some violence. that photograph has been dominating a lot of the newspaper coverage around the world, a car set on fire in downtown rome. from our twitter page. that is really our question -- where is all of this heading? what does it mean? cathy joins us from michigan and welcome to the program. caller: i think the movement is good for the country and the world.

but i want to bring in martin luther king's speech, and the fact that when i was working a unionized shop this past school year, it was the first time we received martin luther king's birthday off. none of the teacher's aides were paid, the bus drivers were not paid, and the food workers were not paid. and we should it been paid as the teachers and secretaries were paid and the custodians. we were forced to make a sacrifice that others did not make. and that is one of the problems that is very wrong with this country, in terms of fairness and equity. i do not think that dr. king would have supported myself taking and ponds of pat -- unpaid day off in his name. i think timothy geithner, i have said this before, i do not like the attitude that he had.

i think that he should resign. in terms of manufacturing, most countries manufacture most of their own durable-goods and we need to get back to that. host: thank you for the call. you're seeing most of these photographs courtesy of the "daily mail." it is a british newspaper to get a sense of what it looked like in rome, madrid, paris, and london. here are some of the international headlines, beginning with the leading newspaper in italy, "la stampa." more headlines as we listen to johnnie from chicago. the republican line. caller: i am tired of people saying they do not understand what the movement is about.

the people occupying wall street, you do not understand what the movement is about? it is about them not having privileges of the same amount as other people on wall street. i bank and bank of america and they want to charge me $5 to use my own money, to use my debit card. when they are sitting on a bunch of money, and i do not understand why is it that they want to charge this amount of money? here is the point with the people that occupy wall street, is that they want equality. i want equality. everybody wants a quality. and the republicans call in talking about socialism. they are the ones that create socialism. they're the ones that drove the bus off a cliff, and they want to blame obama.

obama runs the white house. the white house cannot do anything of the republicans do not agree. host: thank you for the call. this headline for demonstrations in new york. this is the english version of the japanese newspaper. a number of references on -- to martin luther king. kerrey joins us from annapolis, maryland. caller: i would contribute to the question. there is a piece on page two by robert monks. it is about how stockholders and directors of boards of corporations ought to get involved in wall street, because

what is ultimately at stake is democratic capitalism, as we know it. he has spent his lifetime with institutional investors and is encouraging those institutional investors to get involved and make some changes. if things continue, the very basis of american economy -- capitalism -- is at stake. he has one line here and i will finish. the power of chief executives is currently at odds with sustainable functions of corporations in a democratic society. and he is a rich man, mr. m onks, involve with corporations all his life and he is deeply concerned about the direction of things. if the people run corporate stations -- to run corporations and institutional investors, if

they get involved, because democratic capitalism and that state. host: thank you for the call. from our twitter page. again, our twitter page is @cspanwj. this editorial from the newspaper. the occupiers do not represent americans or their beliefs. generallyarty erers more conservative -- again, this morning from the "washington examiner." from atlantic, the democrats' line. caller: this has been a long time coming.

the people. occupy atlanta, they are fed up with the people who of taken over the banks and they occupy our congress. they are running the government. they are putting the bootheel on any type of prosperity, any type of jobs plan that the president puts fall or to congress. they do not want anything to move because they want the american people, that they thought we would fall for their propaganda and believe that barack obama is the problem. they are raiding that tax paper -- the taxpayer money out of the federal treasury. this has been coming for a long time. we need to get people like speaker boehner, tim geithner,

all the people bailing the industry, out of congress. we need to get the banking out of congress and the government back over to the people. that is why all of these people are out in the streets. they want jobs and to be able to work and make money and put their kids to fiscal and both the black and white people, everybody, hispanics, they all want the same thing. they want to make that decent living and not have to worry night after night where that next breadcrumb is coming from or whether their houses will be pulled out from other them or whether the banks can snatch property from them or charge $5 just because they can. host: thank you for that call. those photographs from the "daily mail" in london.

this is a piece by john a goldberg. berg.nah gold from twitter. from georgia, good morning on the republican line. caller: i mostly agree with that last caller. the way that this thing is headed, the entire middle class is heading to demonstrate on wall street. i am a frugal person and i see that my bank's net income is up 50% while i am only getting 0.5% on my money. they are being recapitalized at my expense. in 2005, georgia was number one in mortgage fraud for four years running. you had a petition complaining about appraisals being forced,

and now georgia is number one in foreclosures. bank failures, i am sorry. i am a republican, and down on elio-conservative -- a paleo- conservative. host: this on our twitter page. this week the president will spend days on the bus campaigning for his jobs bill. this morning in the "washington examiner," obama facing that changing tide as he heads back into virginia. this was the central to his primary win over hillary clinton and his last primary -- campaign rally was in manassas,

virginia. from inside the "washington post," by the time i visited the president in the oval office to talk about the letters that he reads every night, 20,000 estimated daily, a tenor put on his desk each night, so you had begun to wonder if his affection for the male had outworn its usefulness. host: genet is joining us from colorado, good morning. please, go ahead. we will try one more time for jeannette. the call is not there. coming up this afternoon at a

different time because of our live coverage of the martin luther king memorial ceremonies, the dedication ceremony, our guest is congressman pete sessions on "newsmakers." in the interview, we talked about congressional races in 2012 but also presidential politics and his home state governor, rick perry. >> it has been an interesting ride. governor harry kamen with high accolades and attributes. --. perry came in with high achill accolades and attributes. it is hard when there is a group of eight to single yourself out or present yourself. i think you will see him do more campaigning and self the large crowds and will aim for these primaries. none of us are immune from finding in a competitive world

is difficult. this is one thing we're mitt romney has been able to do a good job. he has been able to master the questions well and he has been able to master their response is even better. we are seeing a leader to begin emerging. host: " newsmakers" airs at 6:00 p.m. eastern after the martin luther king jr. dedication ceremonies. speaking of republican presidential politics, "the new york times"magazine -- " the weekly standard" its cover story --

the contender series will continue next week with our look at wendell willkie. you could check out the information about this 14-part series looking at candidates who lost the presidency but shaped american politics. the programs they air friday at 8:00 p.m. eastern and sunday here on c-span. coming up later, we'll have live coverage of the dedication ceremonies of the mlk memorial. we will dig deeper into the economic policies of the top tier republican presidential candidates but first a look at some of the other programs on the sunday morning programs. >> good morning, every sunday, cspan radio re-airs five network tv talk shows and the topics include the 2012 presidential election, the economy, and the martin luther king memorial dedication. at noon, we start with meet the press. they welcome herman cain and

former gop presidential contender tim pawlenti faces off in a debate with the louisiana governor bobby jindal who? rick perry. at 1:00 p.m., it is that this week with christianne common for talks with david axelrod about the president's reelection campaign. also house intelligence committee mike rogers on but failed to terrorism plot link to iran. at 2:00 p.m., here fox news sunday where they talk with eric cantor about the president's jobs proposal and the senate intelligence committee chaired by m. feinstein on national- security issues. the state of the union is at 3:00. they will have debbie wasserman schultz who is chair of the democratic national committee. also armed services committee ranking member john mccain and georgia democratic congressman john lewis. at 4:00 p.m. eastern, it is face

the nation from cbs. they talk with representative darrell issa, chairman of the house oversight and government reform committee and congressman elijah cummings, the panel's ranking democratre-airs of the network talk shows begin at noon eastern with meet the press, 1:00 -- this week, fox news sunday at 2:00, 3:00, state of union, and at 4:00 p.m., face the nation. listen to them all on cspan radio on 90.1 fm in the washington area. channel119 >> every weekend, the people and events that document the american story. this weekend, did thomas jefferson really fathered children with sally hammocks? hemmings?

montana state university professor focuses on our post- fdr leaders. also a look at justice byron white, the university of chicago law professor on how early success and celebrity as a football player shaped his career on the court. look for the complete we can schedule at c-span.org/history. >> i am the first one to admit every day i have to get up in the morning and tell myself i can do this, there is no one better to do this than i am. >> harvard medical school, presidency and neuroses jury, associate prof. of neurosurgery and oncology johns hopkins university, homeless, illegal, migrant farm worker. >> i have to believe that every time i go into the arena, the operating room, i have someone's life in my hands and i am fully capable of getting vespasian in and out of the operating room

because that is a trust that these patients have on me. i walk that fine line between confidence and arrogance. >> he shares his life story tonight on "q &a." >> it has been almost 30 years since a small group from the alpha phi alpha fraternity proposed building a memorial to honor dr. king. today, wash the official dedication of the martin luther king jr. national memorial in washington, d.c. live coverage begins at 9:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> "washington journal" continues. host: we welcome a research fellow at the enterprise institute and spent a year working with george w. bush as an economic adviser. thank you for being with us. >> thank you for having me on. host: our goal is to look at the economic plans put forth by

the gop candidates. this is the headline from the weekend edition of "the wall street journal." the speech on friday by a governor perry was focused on only the energy sector. it was 90% energy policy and a little bit on the tax front. coming from texas, a major oil- producing states, he has expertise in that area. his comments thus far on the energy front are similar to things we have heard from other candidates, opening up more u.s. production including production from pennsylvania in the marcellus shale and anwar, alaska and promoting more security with domestic production and taking some of the subsidies out of the tax code.

he has put together a series of estimates in terms of how many jobs will be produced. overall, it is something not out of step from what we have seen from other candidates. it is the knot -- is not the last thing we will hear on this front. host: is there anything new? opening up energy production is something george w. bush push for a years. guest: i think it is similar to previous republican administrations as well as some of the proposals we have heard from other republican candidates. host: this is what governor rick perry had to say -- >> my plan is based on this simple promise -- make what americans buy, buy what americans make and sell it to

the world. we are standing on top of the next american economic boom and is the energy underneath this country and the quickest way to get our economy a shot in the arm is to deploy the american ingenuity to attack american energy. we can only do that if environmental bureaucrats are told to stand down. my plan will break the grip of the dependence we have today on foreign oil from hostile countries like venezuela, those unstable middle eastern countries. it will allow us to grow jobs and our economy here at home. america has proven that on tap supplies of natural gas of oil, of coal. governor rick perry

outlining his economic agenda. to summarize -- you get more by logging onto his web site. he wants to expand exploration on private and public lands and reduce the epa federal regulators, returning authority to state that level the playing field for all energy producers. let me go to the second and third point which is the epa which has become a target from republican tar -- critics. guest: we have seen the epa come into play. of anpresident obama's energy agenda. he talked about using the tools of the epa to achieve his agenda for reducing carbon emissions. host: was of a smart tactic to focus on energy issues and with

an economic speech? guest: this is a first japanese series of economic proposals from governor perry. this is a smart move. this is an area where he has comfort and experience. if we see other speeches in other areas like tax, and salomon reform, spending reform, then i think he is on the road to play at a more comprehensive agenda. if this remains as primary focus as a position for job creation, i think it is somewhat limited. energy is a key but it is less important today that was a generation ago as we move toward a different economy. host: you could say that herman cain at least as the catchiest slogan which is the 9-9-9 proposal. he talked about last week at the debate in hanover, new hampshire. >> 9-9-9 will pass and it is not

the price for pizza . it starts by throwing out the current tax code, continuing to give up the current task will not boost this economy. this is why we developed 9-9-9, 9% corporate tax, 9% personal income tax, 9% national income tax credit will pass because the american people want it to pass. host: let's summarize what he is planning. this plan will impose the 9% corporate national sales and flat tax and replace the corporate income tax and the personal income tax, eliminating capital gains and payroll taxes but it essentially sets up a value added tax guest: it does and that is what the pieces that

is most poorly understood. a 9% retail sales tax is pretty clear. a 9% income tax is also relatively simple. the business tax is being described as a 9% corporate tax that is actually structured as a 9% value added tax. it has the same benefits as a retail sales tax in the sense that it is not discouraging savings and investment. it is structured in a way where the wages are not deducted from the base. in "theere's a study washington post" looking at herman cain taxes. he set to make $50,000 per year, you pay $10,000 in taxes for a family of four which is not the case. you pay much less under the

current tax system and potentially could pay more because of the value added tax under the herman cain proposal. guest: in general, the 9-9-9 plan is a significant shift in the tax code it seems logical ago for a system that taxes the wealthy at 35% to a series of flat tax is at 9%. the burden of the tax will be shifting down the income stream. host: if you live in new york which has among the highest sales tax in the country, it is between 5% and 8%. if you have this tax, you could be paying $1.40 on every $10 you spend on clothing articles if you live in new york state. guest: that's absolutely right. herman cain and his advisers have argued that the benefit of the low rate will increase the efficiency and productivity in the economy and we will get an

economic boost which will translate into higher wages and is some cases lower-cost goods so there will be offsetting factors. host: governor romney has a 59- point plan that he outlined earlier this fall. it is on our website at c- span.org. herman cain challahs the former governor of massachusetts on his economic agenda plan. >> to get this economy going again, we will have to deal with more than just tax policy and energy policy even though both of those are part of my plan. the other parts of my plan is this -- one is to make sure that we stop the regulatory group that has occurred in washington would put a halt on the obama regulations that cost jobs. we have trade policies that open up new markets to american goods. i lay out a number of things to open more markets to american goods and we stop the cheating that goes on. also have to have rolled law and

that means you cannot have the federal government through its friends of the national labor relations board saying to a company like boeing that you cannot build a company -- a plant in a state like south carolina. we need to create human capital. we are a capitalist system but we don't just believe in fiscal or financial capital, we believe in human capital. any great schools and you have to have a government is in the but that does not spend more money than it takes in. those are the seven major pillars. host: that was last week's bloomberg debate. his economic plan includes --

guest: there is a lot in his proposal, 59 specific items. one challenges it is difficult to put that on a bumper sticker on like herman cain's 9-9-9 plan. met romney is dead -- demonstrating a degree of the awful mess. -- thoughtfulness. it is more than just more energy production and it is more than just a tax code of low rates. there is a lot that washington does and that means there is a lot that washington can do better. host: our guest is a former economist for george w. bush. he is a research fellow at the american enterprise institute in washington, d.c.

michael is john is from utah, independent line, good morning. caller: i have a question -- what are your personal faults as far as the 9-9-9 plan? what are the cons of that and how will that affect the bottom 10% of the population that normally would not pay taxes and usually get earned income credit? how will that affect them as far as their lifestyle? guest: great question -- no question that the tax burden under the 9-9-9 plan will shift and, to some extent, middle income and lower income households will have more tax burden.

under the herman cain proposal, the payroll tax would be repealed. that would be a benefit for low income workers. the net effect would be an increase in overall tax burden. offsetting that, i think, would be a certain degree of economic growth we would experience. that would help everyone, low income as well as high income individuals. one of my concerns with the proposal is that while i think for the economic perspective it is likely to promote more growth than the current system we have , is unlikely to get a lot of support in congress. it is an open question for the candidates -- to what extent do they need to position themselves relative to what we might refer to as the doable vs the desirable in washington. it is admirable that he is not concerned with the typical

washington tax policy approach of making incremental changes and he is leading with a bold proposal but at the same time, we need to recognize it would be difficult for a proposal like that ticket off the ground. with regard to the corporate tax, brain b. 35% corporate income tax into the 9% proposal, i think, is a good strategy but it is a vat. we should be clear in terms of the marketing on this that he is proposing a 9% vat to replace the corporate income tax. there are people who are concerned about implementing a v.a.t. -type tax system but some have said is more efficient than the system we have today. host: twitter.com/cspanwj --

guest: it is the case that we have had relatively stagnant wage growth for it. of time. we have not seen wages rising. one of the opportunities tax reforms presents is it encourages more investment in the economy and increases the returns for individuals to get an education and ultimately, the view is that will lead to more economic growth and higher wages. host: california, democrats line, good morning. caller: i would like to know what kind of reception the republican candidate for president would get if they were to show up on wall street.

guest: i think the candidates to some extent has spent some on wall street doing some fund- raising. with regards to the protests that are going on on the street, i think the candidates in general, politicians in general are very sensitive the fact that there is a lot of unhappiness that has to do with the stagnant economy we are experiencing today. % unemployment, millions more who are underemployed, the unemployment rate is high among those with less than a college degree. any candidate, republican or democrat, principal project presidential or congressional, can appreciate the difficulty in the economy. in terms of what reception they would get from the protesters on the street, that i cannot speculate about. host: congressman ron paul will

be announcing his plan tomorrow. this includes cutting $1 trillion in spending and cutting his pay to $39,000 per year as a member of congress. guest: he is a candidate i have not follow as closely as some others. he certainly has a strong following. he had a good fund-raising quarter in the third quarter this year. i welcome the idea of timbering more specifics to his campaign. host: s.i., new york, republican line, good morning. caller: good morning, i like the show and please give direct regards to brian. i think he is a genius. host: we do, too. caller: it is my opinion, i am

not an economist, i have been a stockbroker for 35 years -- it is my idea that when you moderate the marginal rate of tax on the affluent in comes, when you moderate the marginal tax rate, you really don't change their consumption. you change their investment patterns. it seems to me that the jobs we have lost overseas are gone. it seems we should not be engaged in the creation of repetitive laborer jobs. it seems we should be involved in the creation of value added intellectual jobs where there is labour involved but intellect and academic involvement. it seems that if we lower the marginal rates on these people, what will happen is there a big new investment, new ideas. i'm not talking about steve jobs but ideas we don't even know today that will provide employment and provide new employment. that is as far as the personal

tax burden host: we will follow up so stay on the line. guest: about the marginal tax rates on high-income individuals -- i think you are exactly right. the academic evidence suggests that entrepreneurs and innovation are a function of the tax rate on the proceeds of those enterprises. it is not the only thing that matters. there are other factors. one of the things that we would expect when we bring down the top marginal rates would be a greater willingness to take risks. when you take a risk, you're able to enjoy more of the returns from a successful venture host: police, go ahead. caller: as far as the corporate tax rate goes, they put it at

35% and it does not collect as much revenue as they expect. what good is it to have that 35%? they just don't understand it. 9, butt know about 9-9- it seems to me that if we had a very dramatically reduced personal income tax rate and we introduced a national sales tax or a vat, we would capture taxes from the underground economy that are not otherwise recognized. host: thank you for the call. guest: with regard to the corporate side, there is an emerging view, a board partisan view on the corporate tax. the 35% rate is 10 percent higher than other nations and many believe that is out of whack.

the bulls since and commission advocated a drastic -- the bowles-simpson commission advocated a drastic reduction. the trouble is the scoring of this issue with the budget impact. where it in a place the most economists would say that a reduction in rates will lead to an increase in revenue. therefore, there is a need if you wanted to revenue neutral type change, to find other sources of revenue. it could be an additional tax as he suggested by adding new taxes to this system is a concern for some republicans or it could be the elimination of certain deductions and credits in the current tax code. host: let me use the words of richard grimes. based on the current economic environment we are in are"the

financial times" says however president obama is vulnerable, the ascendancy of herman cain is evidence that the republicans remain deeply divided about who should take him on. we have seen this with rick perry faltering and armond gained number 1 in some polls and mitt romney maintaining a lead but not getting beyond that 20%-25%. guest: it is still early. we have been talking about the campaign for a while. we are deep into the season but we have not had any primaries yet. we have only had straw polls. there will be a lot of ups and downs between now and iowa and new hampshire and north carolina. the herman cain search has been quite remarkable. i attribute it completely to the simplicity of the 9-9-9 plan

which is simple and it's on a bumper sticker. other people have come and gone. rick perry cannot strong early and in a sense, it was difficult to main that mode -- momentum for them. it a strong fund-raising quarter and started to put together, creepers -- proposals and to put more campaigning. governor romney has been at this for quite some time. he has more ideas and people on the ground. he has more resources. he has been a steady leader in the polls since the beginning. host: cape cod, mass., independent line, good morning. caller: thank you for taking the call. i have one question i have been working on for two years, emailing everybody about it. host: two years? caller: yes, it is about this one particular question and it

cuts across all party lines and all the rhetoric of tax rates and everything. it is very simple. i would like for somebody to explain the time line of how and when they are going to employ 15-25 million people in the private sector when there are no businesses, no product shortage, and all the people have no money to buy a thing and it is getting worse? it is the timeline to do all this that nobody is talking about. guest: that's a good point. the economy has been in despair for. quite some for the unemployment rate had been high for quite some time. we have high long-term unemployment so that is concerning to me. many people have talked about

the policies to get the economy back on track. you are narrowing in on what is difficult in the solutions is that there is no quick fix. in 2009, we saw an expectation that we could quickly get back on track. we can have an uncomfortable but short reception and we have had those in the past. we have had a deep recession followed by rapid rebound and that is not the recession we had this time. it is not the recovery we are having at the moment. the recovery is sluggish. it will be a while, in my opinion, before we get back on track. i think we will. i think the economy will continue to strengthen. i then people start to innovate and develop new products. people will return to the work force but i agree with you, it will take some time. host: from twitter --

draw the biggest differences or distinctions between what mitt romney is proposing and the other republican candidates are now offering. guest: distinction would be the number of proposals. the medtronic plan is the most well fought and developed. the hermann kant plan is the most popular single agenda issue. it really just as one piece. the other candidates have come in with proposals as well. michelle bachmann has advocated for a temporary tax holiday to bring money back that is held offshore as well as a couple of common beams from a number of candidates, repeal obama care, repeal of dodd-frank, the financial reform bill, the energy agenda. a number of candidates are

speaking more about domestic energy. emigration is another issue where we have had a number candidates talk about the need to enforce the rule block and laws that are on the books. one area where we have seen a little difference is on the trade agenda. both governor hunt spent as well as governor romney are talking more aggressively about trade agendas and not just passing the three agreements with columbia and south korea. looking for more opportunities to establish free trade agreements. that is of the areas we have seen distinguishing between the candidates. in general, it is still early so we're talking brought things in general.

host: were talking about the republican presidential candidates and this is of the economic proposals. you can check out many of the policy speeches by the candidates on our site for politics at c-span.org/campaign 2012. irene is joining us from maryland on the democrats' line. caller: good morning. i noticed c-span has definitely been touting the republicans point of view. all republican candidates have displayed nothing but short-term thinking. they want their number one objective is deregulation. when i get on an airplane, want to make sure that that plane is not going to crash. this is one example of

deregulation. i want to drink clean water and breathe clean air. i am 80 years old. i have reached a point where i live very carefully. you people shown nothing but agreed. all you care about is how much can i make in the next month or the next week and that does not hold out for the future, young man. you should be ashamed of yourself. i know you never will because this is your objective. cspan, i hold responsible for having so many examples of short-term thinking. you favor the right. host: this is your forum and we want to share your thoughts and we respect your opinion. we are certainly focusing on the republican party politics because there is a primary.

in 2004, i was here we were criticized for being too much on the democrats' side because there was no republican primary. well on theng as present proposals and the democratic proposals. today we're focusing on what the republican candidates are putting forth as a way for you to get a sense of what they are offering and how that matches with your own point of view. >caller: i know that cspan is a corporation. you are obviously in that same realm where you have short-term thinking and short-term gains. host: we are not a corporation. we are a nonprofit agency funded by people like you. our website, cspan radio, and if you watch is never any given day, you'll see in its entirety, hearings, speeches, forms, a chance for you to make up your

own opinion on what you are hearing and we cover the gamut, left to right, democrat and republican so i would take issue with that sentiment. caller: occasionally you have a representative with another point of view. generally, you focus on the right way of thinking. host: we will agree to disagree but i thank you for your call. we welcome your thoughts and opinions. guest: she called you a young man. thank you for that point. i'm not sure who that criticism was directed to were made directly. on the regulatory question, there is a view that there is an increase in the promulgation of regulations. dodd-frank would be one example. i think the number one priority for all the republican

candidates is not a deregulatory trend are. i think it is an economic priority to get the economy back on track. i think that's what the candidates are hearing from the polling and the voters. that is workers represented in the proposal. one of our viewers says this -- katherine next joining us from oklahoma. how you pronounce your city? caller:cash, like money. i am a senior citizen and i sole survivor myself security check. i also have my blind 16-year-old granddaughter she gets the fsi

checks of our total income is just over a third -- $1,300 per month and that is what will survive on. my state has almost 9% sales tax on food and everything. my concern is that we will be paying an added nine% on top of that. that would really hurt us. that would be like spending a $100 bill and getting a dollar's worth of groceries. it is so high now. what you have to say about that? guest: first of all, you are narrowing in on an important issue -- individuals living on fixed income is a drastic change in the tax code the results and highest -- higher prices would be painful for someone in your

situation. more broadly, so security beneficiaries and other payments in general, there has been some chatter and i think the war will be more discussion of the campaigns go on about reforming the social security system and reform in the medicare and medicaid system. in all cases, and this is democrats and republicans, none of the candidates are talking about making changes to today's beneficiaries in terms of the payment that they receive in so security or other programs like ssi. the discussion about so security is about changing the benefit formula for future retirees like people like myself. host: our next call is from the independent line in tennessee. good morning. caller: good morning, i would like to ask your guest how many economists are in the country?

guest: certainly not enough i'm not sure what the number would be. it would be in the thousands, i would think. caller: do you belong to the association of economists? guest: the national association of economists is one of the larger organizations. caller: this is not a loaded question but the national association says there is 50,000 economists in the country. host: is that enough or too many? caller: based on what they have done, it is too many. let me ask you a basic question. the situation we're in right now, do you see us as the

financial crisis and housing bauble, do you see it that way or was it an out and out fraud? guest: i think there certainly has been some evidence of mortgage fraud around the country. an earlier caller referred to activities in georgia and there were reports in florida. it is not my view that fraud associated with mortgage origination of last few years was an event of an important factor in driving up to the housing bubble we have experienced, or the broader commercial crisis we have experienced last few years. host: a couple more minutes on the economic plans by the republican candidates. arkansas, good morning. caller: good morning. you agree that most items that are made now already have an

approximate 22% at on? 22% of an automobile cost our taxes that were put items for when the car was made. >> that i will not agree with. the tax system we have, the corporate taxes that automobile manufacturers pay and suppliers pay, or not -- though none as early text for to the price of a car. they're often pass through in terms of lower wages for the workers. host: our last call is joe joining us from philadelphia, democrats line, good morning. caller:alex is from the american enterprise institute and the economic adviser to the president, the council there, in 2001-2002.

isn't the economic advice from that era why we are in this mess right now? the american enterprise institute was pretty much in support of the iraq war. i do like his attitude and i don't like is ideology. that is all i have to say, thanks. that's all i have to say, too. host: as you see this campaign on fold and the economy will be the driving force, what to the republicans need to offer? what about the president dealing with 9.1% unemployment. if it begins to go down as you saw in 1984, how does that impact republican strategy? guest: i am all that between now

and election day that the economy really gets going. i hope the unemployment rate comes down and start to create jobs, 200,000 or 300,000 per month. the consensus for most economists is that it will be long road to recovery. i think it will take a while to rebuild both the balance sheet in this country to readjust. we've got on the individual side as a result of the housing market, a situation where a number of homeowners who either have no equity in their home or very little equity. that is absolutely affecting their competence and limits their ability to move to find a new job in another town or state. the balance sheet of the federal government is very much out of whack. we are in a process now whereby the super committee of congress

will make recommendations toward the end of november to address $1.50 trillion in deficit- reduction. the sad part is that would be a large and significant step forward. we would still have a road ahead of us in terms of fiscal reform. i think some of the longer-term issues will need to start to readjust before the committee comes back. i think both candidates on a left and the right should be and will be looking for solutions that are not just near term quick fixes. their long-term structural reforms. host: let me conclude with this twitter comment? = 0 - could you from what we are

seeing in europe with the banks and the occupied wall street here and what this means? guest: that is a lot. what we are seeing in europe is a serious threat to their economy and our economy is slowing to two hours. it poses a threat to the u.s. as well. historically, most of the western european countries have grown more slowly in recent years than the united states and have done so with a higher unemployment rates. they also based a higher tax burden and have more government services. i'm not sure that things have been better off there either. the prices we had started in 2007 did not hit them as hard and now they're banking system is facing a lot of strain. what it says generally is that globally, we are facing a lot of economic challenges and imbalances and in a world of twitter and facebook and global

communications, those sentiments can spread very quickly. the protests of wall street are. other big cities around the world. alex brill - thank you very much for being with us. guest: thank you. host: and about half an hour, we will take you live up to the mall in washington, d.c. + there is the dedication ceremony of the martin luther king jr. memorial as the washington monument is a backdrop. president obama will help dedicate this historic ground in washington, d.c. it is an event that will last at least two-three hours and only run cspan can you watch it in its entirety. this is "washington journal" for sunday, october 16, 2011. we're back in a moment.

>> every weekend, the people and events that document the american story. this weekend, did thomas jefferson relief other children with sally hemings. testing suggested yes. that is being disputed. montana state university professor focuses on our post- fdr leaders and a look at justice byron white, the university of chicago law professor dennis hutchinson on how early success and celebrity as a football player shaped his career in the court. look for the complete weekend schedule at c-span.org/ history. >> i am the first one to admit every day i have to get up in the morning and tell myself i can do this, there is no one better to do this than i am. >> harvard medical school,

residency in neurosurgery, says the professor and a neurosurgery and oncology johns hopkins university, homeless, illegal, migrant worker. >> i have to believe that every time i go into the operating room, i have someone's life and my hands and i am fully capable of getting this patient in and out of the operating room because that is a task that they have on me. i walk the fine line between confidence and our against. >> he shares his life story tonight on cspan tonight"q &a." >> it has been almost 30 years since a small group from the alpha phi alpha fraternity proposed building a memorial to honor dr. king. today, what's the official dedication of the martin luther king jr. national memorial in washington, d.c. coverage begins at 9:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> "washington journal" continues.

on host: this day in which we are dedicating the martin luther king memorial, we want to welcome a professor of harvard university. thank you very much for being with us. guest: thank you for having me. host: as you reflect on his dedication ceremony and the life and legacy of dr. martin luther king, what comes to mind today? guest:, progress minorities in america have made in the past 40-50 years. and how much there is still left to go. this is a great, great day but there's still a fight for equality. host: for you, personally, you have become the youngest professor at harvard university at age of 30. if a merger ph.d. and studied african-american history but grew up in a pretty rough neighborhood in daytona beach, florida. can you share your life story

with us? guest: how much time you got? i did make it to harvard for a circuitous route. it was not extended trip. maya angelou said whatever doesn't kill you makes you stronger. life is good. host: that journey began in a neighborhood of daytona beach that included the sale of crack , drugs were pretty prevalent? guest: yes, unfortunately, my story is not unique. lots of kids are growing up like that right here today. mike -- my work is to try to figure out how we can change the odds for students like that. >> let me put a couple of issues on the table.

there is a new documentary out on the life of harry belafonte. it basically takes a look at how his career evolved over the years and concludes with a point that as he visits prisons around the country, a predominantly african americans and young black men in these prisons, what does that tell you about our society and the challenges facing your community? says we have a long ways to go. there are tw million dollars two million people mostly african-americans who are locked up every day. we have to account for that. the question for me is not just there are a lot of folks in prison but what else can we do about it. host: this morning in "the washington post "--

what is his impact today? guest: the enormous. my story is not possible without the civil-rights movement. the obama story is not possible without the civil rights movement. there has been enormous progress on every dimension of economic well-being, wages, unemployment rates, home ownership, etc, life expectancy. there has been enormous progress of but that is not to say that we have equality now. the zip code that you are born in unfortunately really is a her highly predictive way of high level turnout. martin luther king would not have wanted that way. we have work to complete his dream.

host: what is the next so-called civil rights movement? what is the next cause that were motivated -- that will motivate this generation? or is it there? >> i don't know what will allow us to get folks motivated to rise up. there are issues on the table that are important enough. i think the civil rights issue of the 21st century is quality of education. folks like martin luther king and others fought for access to education. now the fight is for equality. we have to ensure that there is a phenomenal teacher in every classroom, a dynamic principle every school, engaging curricula. we're not even close to that. the racial achievement gap in america is enormous. it has not gotten better in the last 20-30 years. once we truly equate educational

equality and opportunity, i think you'll start to see these other things like unemployment and wages and other things that martin luther king fought for. you will see those mesh. host: is a graduate of the university of arlington in texas. steven is joining us from rochester, new york, democrats line. go ahead let me try one more time for stephen rochester, new york. we will go to don in california, republican line. caller: on originally from erie. i will try to correct your guest. he is using the term that originally went to nietsche, that which does not kill you makes you stronger i will now be painted as a racist because i am taking a tenured teacher and

i may homeboy from erie, pa. who worked his way up and i go back on to that town and i see what has been done by democratic policies, union teachers that believe in global warming but they don't believe in god. they are missing the whole point. get in the military and see userability is. idea ofuther king's measuring a man by who he is is fundamental. i will teach my harbour boys about why mr. cain is the best thing. we have a totally incompetent suit in the white s. house. the white people who are leaving obama is a sign of racism instead of his failed policies

is ridiculous. i know -- i talked to every guy in the service and they did back care of their body next to them was whatever color it was incapable and did he do the job? i will die for him. host: thank you for the call from california. guest: he is absolutely correct. the quote i meant to attribute to maya angelou is that i would not trade anything for my journey. thank you for the correction. i don't know if there was a question in the rest of what he said. host: he seemed to be saying that the economy is really motivating the white middle class who may be alienated from barack obama. it is not a question of the color of skin but a question of the u.s. economy. guest: i think that is fair.

many people are hurting. with unemployment rates the way they are. it is quite plausible that president obama may be losing a lot of voters especially independent voters because of the unemployment rate and a bleak look on our economy. host: senator rick santorum said one of the key problems facing minorities is the absent father and single-parent homes that lead to a generation of a tough economy and tough financial situation for those families. how do you address these issues? guest: again, i think it gets back to the quality of education. single female-headed households are a given drugs, you mentioned that before, are a given. the question is, what will we actually do?

i am not one to sit around and say woe is me. my approach is to say what can we do given all those circumstances. i think we can make sure we -- they have a quality education. if we do that, there has been countless examples that these situations can be overcome. is it easy? of course not. it can be done. host: next call is from new york, independent line, go ahead caller: thank you for taking my call i don't have a rant. it seems we're having lots of rants this morning. i have a simple question for dr. fryer and you alluded to earlier. we're with dr. king be today? would he be hanging out with the occupied wall street movement and what would he say? what is your opinion of what is going on today as related to

what would dr. king do today. that is my simple opinion and question. host: the piece this morning in "the washington post" is available online. professor fryer? guest: that is not a simple question but it is a good question. i don't know the answer but let me guess. i think martin luther king today would be motivating parents, church groups, and other folks to understand the importance of providing a good education for kids in every zip code. it is unbelievable to me that there are schools or 5%-6% read at grade level.

on service, the parents say that 90% of the parents say the school is good or great. a key would be tried to run a campaign to educate parents to what is possible and what we can expect from our schools. i think that is the civil rights issue of the 21st century. host: let's go back to steve in rochester, new york, go ahead. caller: [inaudible] i understand he did so much for us. host: you're talking about the memorial itself? caller: yes, i am. host: professor fryer, the seeds for this memorial day back to 1995 when president bill clinton signed the initial proclamation that dedicated this land as the site for the mlk memorial. the fund raising is not

complete. there is more than $100 million needed to build a memorial. this year's marks the 48th anniversary of dr. king's "i have a dream" speech. guest: i think it is a good question the caller as but i don't know the answer. there is a reluctance in our country to have honest conversations about race in the past my sense is that it has contributed to the delight of other than that, i don't know. host: charlottesville, va. the ceremony is scheduled to get underway in about 10 or 15 minutes in washington. caller: good morning, how are you this morning? host: go ahead with your caller: question my family moved to virginia when my son was in third grade. was enrolled in a school that was mostly african-american,

about 75%. the problem i saw was that when we had our pta meetings, the only parents who can and the principal is african-american, the only parents who care more white. none of the african-american parents gave. the only participation i could see locally in the community was a retired woman who was african- american who came and sat with the children after school to help them. i think that maybe the help is to start an elementary school and how we encourage parents of the african-american children to participate in those kind of activities with pta meetings getting interested in school? i think that would be a good start. host: professor brier? guest: it is a good point. i don't know about this particular school but i will say that the general rule i would not agree with the caller. i think there are a zillion

examples of black parents being involved are the issue, to be frank about it, is that if you do not believe that the school, that your actions will be rewarded, the schools will change and teachers will get better, why go? rather than put a bunch of excuses on the table, or how to educate them because the group of drugs, we have to say that no matter what we will educate them period. we have 50 million children in our country, this country, who cannot read at grade level. that is unacceptable. the education gap is enormous. in houston, 75 percent signs of what students are proficient in math.

we have to figure out a way to educate inside the school building. host: our guest is our role in the fryer, jr., professor at harvard university. -- our guest is roalnd fryeer jr, professor at harvard university. he is the august average american professor to be awarded tenure -- he is the youngest age professor to be awarded tenure at harvard. malcolm x was a great leader. i remember he spoke out against the store owners and corporations that were taking a advantage of the poor blacks in the poor neighborhoods. and overcharging them. he told people to boycott those businesses. i can understand why malcolm x does not receive more attention.

i wonder if that is because more and luther king was christian and more attractive to white america and malcolm x who was a devout muslim. host: did you want to respond? guest: i don't have anything to add because i don't have an answer to that. malcolm x has a very different history and the minds of many americans. they're fighting for the same things that used different methods and the fight. other than that, i don't know the answer. if it took this long to get a martin luther king memorial, i can imagine how long it would take to do the same for malcolm x. host: from our twitter page -- agree or disagree? guest: disagree, it has gotten

better since the 1950's. the education achievement gap has decreased from the 1950's in 80s but i have not gotten better since then. i would not agree with that at all. host: jeremy joining us from new york city. good caller: king, this may be outside of your area of expertise but you emphasized the fact that we should get inspiration of teachers and principals in order to make education better black as well as white. do you have been suggestions as to improving bill level of teaching of principles. the teachers' union says to pay us or - and that will improve

things. most teachers i know since it went into teaching because they could not think of anything else they reached it in. host: thank you, jeremy. guest: teaching is hard and great teachers -- i'm the biggest advocate of great teaching around. also, i believe that everyone cannot teach. i don't see what it should be a place where you have a job for life. everyone can't do it. it is a difficult task. i do not have a magic wand to figure out which he could -- teachers we should select. i believe that especially of our most underperform schools is there is a teacher that is ineffective that we have to figure out how to develop them or remove them. i am not against the unions or for the unions. i am for kids. we need to do whatever it takes

to make sure that they have every opportunity to achieve the american dream. i think we've got to figure out a way to get great teachers in there and realize a teacher is not cutting it, we have to figure out another profession for them. host: this is also from our twitter page -- we will have live coverage right here on c-span of the dedication ceremony. kentucky, good morning. caller: good morning. i agree that education is

important. i have worked at a job academy. they don't have the patience. it is really black teachers that i work with. the kids that they job corp are from a different breed. and get't understand it. they don't have the patience with them. that let them get away with anything. they want to get the troubled kids out of the classroom. host: give protocol. you for thest: thank

call. guest: to the extent that folks don't have patience with the kids, maybe another career choice is the thing. i would disagree with the caller in the sense that to allude to the fact that maybe only one ethnicity or race can educate minority children, i don't believe that all. i think it is that having the right mind set and it truly believe that every child can learn. not all teachers believe that. many of them do but all of them don't. if you have the right mindset and the right support, teachers need support -- my grandmother was an educator for 30 years and she will tell you that teachers need to be developed and they need support and once you do that, if a teacher is not able to educate the kids regardless of their race, they have to be removed.

host: you can't talk about dr. king without talking about his ability to steer a crowd. this is from twitter -- what about the words of dr. king and the way he presented those words to the american people? guest: he was just unbelievable , one of the best that history has to offer. i think that is part of the reason his mission was so successful. host: detroit, good morning, welcome to the conversation. go ahead. caller: 90 for the opportunity to speak. -- thank you for the opportunity to speak. we have african american mba's and economists such as yourself and has not really raised our

economic standard as far as in the community. the key is are learning. they learn from what they say. they learn as society has treated them. the line from how teachers treated them in class. it is higher learning but they autocracy of this country is what they are learning. host: your closing thoughts? guest: they are not learning enough. we can debate the fact that so many children cannot read at grade level is a national crisis. is there discrimination in the world? are there stumbling blocks and hurdles oliver? i am certain there is. i am here to talk about

potential solutions, not blaming anyone for the problems. i believe one of the best things we can do is to provide a great education. that will give them the opportunity to go further. host: we have been reflecting on the life and legacy of dr. martin luther king. thank you for being with us on c-span. we take you live to the mall in washington, d.c., for the dedication ceremony of the martin luther king memorial. president obama and members of the king family will be on hand. there will also be activists from that era including the rev. jesse jackson. dan rather will be speaking. he covered the civil rights

movement for cbs. this is taking place at the site of the mlk memorial in washington, d.c. the ceremony was originally scheduled to take place in late august. it was moved because of the storms. you can see is a gorgeous day in our nation's capitol. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2011] >> now, ladies and gentlemen, we welcome you to the official dedication of the martin luther

king, jr., memorial. [applause] please rise for the presentation of the colors. remain standing for the national divas by three mo' followed by a very special rendition of "lift every voice and sing." [drum rolls]

>> present arms. ♪ theo! say can you see by dawn's early light, what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous

fight, o'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? and the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; o! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

home of the brave ♪ [applause] >> that is fine. [drum rolls]

singt every voice and lift the harmony of liberty. sing a song full of the faith that the president has brought

us facing the rising sun of our new baby done, let us march on 'til victory is won. tony the road we trod, bichir the chastening rod, felt in the days when hope unborn had died; yet with a steady beat, have not our weary feet come to the place for which our fathers died? we have, over a way that with tears has been watered, we have come, treading hour passed

through the blood of the slaughtered, out from the gloomy we stand at last where the white lima -- gleam of our bright star is cast. ♪ god of our weary years, god of our silent tears, thou who has brought us thus

far on the way; thou who has by thy might led us into the light, keep us forever in the path, we pray. lest our feet stray from the places, our god, where we met thee, lest, our hearts drunk with the wine of the world, forget thee,

shadowed beneath thy hand, may we forever stand, true to our god, true to our native land. ♪ [cheers and applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please be seated.

welcome a master of ceremonies, but when i fall -- gwen ifill of "washington week." >> you have no idea how beautiful you all look today. thank you all for joining us on the national mall in washington, d.c., finally on a beautiful, sunny day.

[applause] welcome to everyone across the country and around the world watching and listening. today, we celebrate the dream and dedicate the martin luther king, jr., memorial. reaching this day and getting to this destination has been a long journey marked by setbacks and the scars will been deeply into the fabric of our american history. that journey began before many of us were born. it paved path towards freedom and justice, and the dawn of the civil rights movement. it would be easier to dwell on the adversity come indignities, injustice -- to dwell on the adversity, the indignities, and the injustice. dr. king knew about the uncashe

d promissory note, but he also embraced the dream. today, we get to hear reflections of those who marched with him, were inspired by him, and those of us benefited from his vision. dr. king would have been the first to say that his vision was not a unique one, but he gave an eloquent voice. he gave voice to people like my father, an episcopal preacher, who taught his children to say "thank you"when they were insulted to take the power out of hateful words. my mother guarded her children fiercely and never told them there was something they could not do. he gave voice to those striving to be heard. he gave back bone to the downtrodden who discover they did not have to stay on the ground. yesterday, i decided to use

some of today's technology to bring some of those voices to life. i asked on twitter what martin luther king, jr., means for you today. the answers came immediately. belinda of harlem is an attorney about to start a second career as a physician. she said she tries to live daily to live his words because we all can serve. jerry from tulsa said he helped people -- him weed out people around him were bigoted. someone else wrote that dr. king continues to teach me from his gift of language and wisdom. his words are scripture for me still.

someone else said that they always remember that there comes a time when silence is the trail. dr. king spoke for us all, even for those of us who did not realize it at the time. he spoke of hope, expectations, and of a dream deeply rooted in the american dream. we welcome dr. jobe samuel l-- joe samuel ratcliff. >> may we pray? we have crossed this river, but oceans of lie ahead. oceans of challenges, opportunities. we thank you this day for the journey. we thank you for all that you

have afforded us as we pursue democracy, love, justice, and peace. when our ears become too full of our own sounds and our eyes become full of our own visions, deliver us so that we can continue to fight the struggle and make the dream come true. it is in his name that is more than able to keep us. amen. >> ladies and gentlemen, the honorable vincent gray, mayor of the district of columbia. [applause]

>> good morning. it is my great honor to welcome all of you this morning to the nation's capital, the city that has the privilege of hosting this long-awaited and long overdue memorial. the district of columbia is proud to serve as home to the king memorial celebrating the american ideals that dr. king heroically sought to make a reality. freedom, justice, democracy. today, we gloriously honor dr. king's legacy and dream. for the 601,000 residents of the district of columbia, that dream remains unfulfilled. as a resident of the district of columbia, i know all too well that most americans do not. if you live in washington, d.c.,

you do not have a vote in congress. we pay our nation's taxes. we fight our nation's wars. but we have no vote. ironically, the nation's capital is the last remaining battlefront of the american revolution. residents of the district of columbia live in a state of tierney, taxation without representation. -- live in a state of terror and the -- tyranny, taxation without representation. are king marched on this issue. he said congress was derelict in their duties and sacred responsibility to make justice and freedom in reality for all citizens of the district of columbia. yet all of those years later, those who live in our nation's

capital are still denied the right of self-determination and representation. the district of columbia cannot even approve our own local budget, a local laws, without permission from congress in which we have no voting voice. day in and day out, the residents live under the yoke of injustice. it is time for this to end. [applause] as we celebrate this momentous dedication, i implore all of you, mr. president, members of congress, stand for the people of the district of columbia. stand for the legacy of dr. king. remove the shackles of oppression so that when we recite the pledge of allegiance, we truly mean liberty and justice for all.

[applause] on behalf of the citizens of the district of columbia, let me underscore how honored we are to hold in our city the stunning memorial to an extraordinary man and his powerful dream of freedom and democracy. we join with all americans of good will to keep up the fight to make dr. king's dream a reality. thank you very much. [applause] >> i am honored to introduce a man who has been on the cutting edge of social change since his days as a college student leading demonstrations in atlanta. he was founder of the student- nonviolent committee at morehouse college, chairman of the naacp, prof. of history of

the university of virginia. julian bond has been an active participant of the movement for civil rights, economic justice, and peace. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the honorable julian bond. [applause] >> thank you. i am one of those boat region vot -- i am one of those voteless citizens of the district of columbia. dr. king was my friend. i have known his children since they were children and his sister just as long. our families lived next to each other. the people who will follow me at this podium or a constant presence in our neighborhood. i was not far from him on the washington mall on the magic day

in august when he delivered his famous speech. it is hard to summarize all that he meant to us when he was alive and how great our loss is now upon his death. the true measure of any man is how his message continues on after he has passed from the scene. we have recent proof that martin luther king meets that standard. 32-year-old winner of the nobel peace prize said just last week that martin luther king inspired him because he sought change peacefully. we tried to create change using the same methods. his message resonates around the world justice is stored millions of us and continues to do so today. since he died, a constant question are received.

i received whenever an advance was made was what with dr. king think of this? would he say that these things would not have happened if he had not lived? i have always felt he would be pleased whenever any element of racial progress occurred, but he nirvanat think upsethat had come or try to claim credit for everything. i think he would say that he would like someone to mention that dr. martin luther king, jr., tried to give his life serving others. i wanted to say i tried to be right on the war question. that i did try to feed the hungry. i wanted to be billed to say that i did try in my life to clothe those who were naked,

tried to visit those in prison, tried to love and serve humanity. say i was a drum major for justice, peace, righteousness, racial equality, economic justice, world peace. those were the themes that occupy the life of dr. king and his family members. three of them are with us today. here to tell us of their father and brother are his oldest son, and brother. now let us welcome dr. christine king farris.

[applause] >> thank you, mr. bond, the king family, the fraternity, staff, friends, and all of you assembled here today. i stand before you today as the person who knew martin luther king, jr., longer than anyone now alive. in fact, i was there in our home the day he was born january

15, 1929. he was my little brother. i watched him grow and develop into a man destined for a very special kind of greatness. it has been quite a journey from the cold january day more than 82 years ago to today when i first laid my eyes on my baby brother. now i am standing alongside an african american president at the dedication of the martin luther king, jr., memorial on the national mall. [applause] during my life, i have witnessed a baby become a great hero to humanity who provided a

hope and inspiration to the freedom-loving people everywhere. i just want to say to all the young people coming up that great dreams can come true. america is the place where you can make it happen. i know that our president will agree with me on this. it was not far from here where my brother, martin, told america about his great dreams for our country on this day 40 years ago -- 48 years ago, he shared the dream with us on the sweltering august afternoon. it is really the heart and soul of the american dream. it is what this country must always be about so that we can

light the way forward to a new era of peace and prosperity for all people in all nations. i remember a another lovely afternoon in 1983 when another president of the united states signed into law a bill to name my brother's birthday a federal holiday. that too was a day of hope and healing. i do not think my brother's legacy could get much larger, but i was wrong. here i am overjoyed hand humbled -- and humbled to see this day when my brother martin takes his symbolic place on the

national mall. [applause] it is near america's greatest presidents, including abraham lincoln, thomas jefferson, and franklin roosevelt. this is just overwhelming. my brother was never one to seek great honors. in fact, he was self-effacing. he was amazed and humbled to receive the nobel prize for peace back in 1964. i want to thank the alpha phi alpha fraternity for having the commitment and dedication to

conceive of this project and see it through by honoring dr. martin luther king, jr., was such a wonderful statute on the national mall. you have insured that his legacy will provide a source of inspiration for people all over the world for generations to come. my brother was an alpha himself. he was deeply proud of his fraternity brothers when they came to the aid of our non- violent freedom struggle again and again with urgently needed contributions and volunteer support. now against all odds, you have built this beautiful monument which brings honor to our country and hope for coming

generations. in closing, i want to thank each of you for joining us today. your presence is also an affirmation of my brother's legacy and the great blessings of liberty in america. let this wonderful day mark another step towards the fulfillment of the dream. let all hearts be joined together as we move forward into the future united and determined to create the beloved community in america and throughout the world. i thank you. [cheers and applause]

>> please welcome rev. bernice king and. [applause] >> i thank god for the presence of our aunt. good morning. thank you for joining us today as we dedicate this monument to a man inspiring vision and transformative action, father,

dr. martin luther king, jr. it has been a long time coming. the vision of my father's return to take was to build the monument, the establishment of the king memorial establishment. an act of congress, 10 years of fund-raising, and a lot of hard work, an earthquake, and a hurricane. but today, we are here. thank god we are here. it is a great time of celebration. the entire king family is proud to witness this day. i am especially proud to stand here as one of the four children to whom my father spoke of thes thhe american dream that someday we will live in a nation where we are not judged by the color of

our skin but by the content of our character. today represents another milestone in the life of america. this is a day that all americans can be proud of. may i remind you that this is not just a celebration for african-americans, but for americans and citizens around the world. no doubt, today the world celebrates with us. today, our nation acknowledges that this memorial represents a stairstep beyond segregation. a preacher from the south effected a social change that helped to redeem the soul of america. i want to express my gratitude to each person, organization, corporation, entity that contributed to what we see here

today, from its conception to its realization. however, we would be remiss if we did not also recognize and honor the life and legacy of my mother, mrs. coretta scott king. [cheers and applause] after the assassination of my father, she raised the question of children. she also raised a nation in our fathers teachings and values. -- after the assassination my father, she raised the four children and raise the nation in our fathers teachings and values. she spearheaded the effort to establish the king center in atlanta as the official live and memorial -- living memorial to

dr. martin luther king, jr., and then went on to champion a national holiday commemorating our father's birthday and a host of other efforts. in many respects, she paved the way and made it possible for a man who was the most hated man in america in 1968 to now be one of the most loved the man in the world -- one of the most loved men in the world so that we would be able to build a memorial in his honor. thank you, mama, for your dedication and sacrifice. we're proud we were able to share our parents with the world so that we are able to be in a better place. [cheers and applause] she did not just institutionalize his words and principles so that we would only

remember him, but also so that we would be compelled into action utilizing his philosophy and strategy of non-violence. it is no accident that the official dedication could not occur on august 28, the anniversary of the "i have a dream" speech. powerful, prophetic, and passionate, one of the most well known speeches around the world. could it be that the speech not taking place on the anniversary is indicative of god wanting us to move forward? as we survey the current events and the global cries for the alleviation of poverty, we are being pulled from the familiar

and comfortable place to focus on another aspect of dr. king's life. perhaps the postponement was a divine interruption to remind us of the king and move us beyond the dream of racial justice to the actions and work of economic justice. perhaps god wanted to remind us that 43 years ago when our father was taken from us that he was in the midst of starting a poor people's campaign. he was galvanizing poor people from all walks of life to converge on this capital, stay here, and occupy this place until there was a change in the economic system and a better distribution of wealth. perhaps god wanted us to move beyond the dream into action.

maybe we were not able to dedicate this monument on august 28 just because of that. he said to us that it was time to readjust. over 43 years ago, he told us that we must become maladjusted to certain social ills. we should never unjust to 1% controlling more than 40% of the world. we should never adjust to a high number of people unemployed. we should never adjust to any person being without health care because they cannot afford it. we should never adjust to an increase in people moving into poverty. we should never adjust to violence of any form, bullying -- form of violence, bullying,

practices that profile people because of their color, ethnicity, or nation of origin. we should never unjust to a -- and just -- we should never adjust to a judicial system that allows us to take a life or of guilt is still in question. as we dedicate this monument, i can hear my father say that oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. the yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself. as we dedicate this monument, i hear my father saying that what we're seeing all across the streets of america and the world is a freedom explosion, the deep rumbling of discontent we hear today is the thunder of disinherited masses rising from the dungeons of oppression to the bright ills -- hills of

freedom. as we protest, we must conduct ourselves on a higher plane of dignity and discipline. we must have a radical revolution of values and a reordering of our priorities in this nation. i hear my father saying that as we dedicate this monument, we must rapidly begin the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society. i hear my father say that one of the great liabilities of our history is that too many people in greatemain awake times of social change. every society has its protectors of the status quo and its fraternity of the indifferent

who are notorious for sleeping through revolutions. today, he says our very survival depends on our ability to stay awake, adjust to new ideas, remain vigilant, and face the challenges of change. these words are dripping with truth and conviction as much now as when originally spoken. we can allow them to propel us into action that response to the discontent of the disinherited, conveying that we stand together in seeking a distributed inheritance for all. the action reflects our commitment to not allowing a focus on gaining things to deter us from compassionately engaging people, action that reverberates with the common desire for the manifestation of freedom, action that resonates

assesthe discontented mouse' supporting social change, and demonstrating that we are way -- awake at this time of revolution. let us walk together, children, and not get weary. let us work together and not get weary. let us struggle together and not get weary. let us hold on together and not get weary. let us bus and fight to get over it together and not get weary. most of all, we must pray together or we will get weary. one day, we will all be able to say, "free at last, thank god almighty, we are all free at last." god bless you. [cheers and applause]

>> please welcome martin luther king, iii. >> first, let me thank god for the opportunity to be here on this day that many in our nation would say is the sabbath day. to each and every dignitary here, and i would say that everybody, but to especially brother harry johnson and his

staff for the tireless work to make this memorial a reality, we say thank you. also to the martin luther king foundation board and chairs, every contributor, every corporation, but perhaps most of all to the masses of americans who chose to contribute to this effort that would not be here but by the contributions of men, women, and families. we think each of you -- we thank each and everyone of you. on behalf of my wife and daughter, we say thank you. today we have come to participate in this unveiling ceremony to my father and to

celebrate his legacy. let us not forget that he paid the ultimate price for our civil rights. he was a champion of civil rights and social justice for all people regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or nationality. we must stand up for social and economic justice. 48 years ago, our father stood in this facility in the shadows of the lincoln memorial and gave a speech that was to resonate around the world. he said that he had a dream that with faith in ourselves and our country we would be able to hew out a mountain of hope. with faith, we would be able to transform the discord of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood and sisterhood. with faith, we would be able to

work together, stand up for freedom together knowing that one day we would all be free. i repeat his words because i believe it is important to emphasize that while it is great to have this memorial to his memory, a national holiday, streets, schools, and hospitals named in his honor all over our nation and world, it is also important to not place too much emphasis on martin luther king, the idol, without enough emphasis on the ideals of martin luther king, jr. while we commemorate his memory with this great memorial, let us not confuse or forget what he stood for and died for. young people around this nation organizing is interesting.

let us not forget the ideals he gave his life up for, love, peace, equality, jobs, education, non-filers, decent housing, and then in the -- and an end to war. the young people of the occupy movement are seeking justice and jobs. they want justice for working- class people barely making it, middle-class folks who are not able to pay their mortgages, justice for elders terrified that they are losing the value of their savings in health care. justice for the young people who graduate from college and are unemployed and burdened by its to lows they cannot replace -- repay. justice for everyone who are

simply asking the wealthy and corporations to pay their fair share. sometimes we get caught up in the brand of my father, but we forget to focus on the beliefs of my father. we must stand up for economic justice. we have lost our love force, our true force. you could make the argument that we have ultimately lost our souls. we have lost our souls when i see james craig anderson was brutally murdered in june of 2011. we have lost our souls when i see children bullying others and young teenagers killing each other. we have lost our souls when prisons are a growth industry.

there are more black and brown folks in prison than in college. that must change. we have lost our souls when the united states supreme court decided in brown to strike down a state law that regulates the sale of violent video games to children. we have lost our souls when 30 years of failed public policies -- taxes fortax break the rich while breaking the backs of the poor. it has sent this country in the world into an economic crisis. we lost our souls when we continue to fight two wars that cost us $3 trillion and thousands of american lives, iraqi lives, afghanist lives, ad

others. we're here to commemorate my father. we need to live like him, love like him, and care like him. yes, my father had a dream that was deeply embedded in the american dream. the problem is that the american ago has turnedars was into a nightmare for millions of americans. there is no house because they have no job. they cannot give their kids the proper tools to prepare them for a better life than they had. i submit we need a new american dream of connectedness, mutual purpose, caring, and being responsible for each other. we need to live up to the promise of the statue of

america that says, give me your tired, huddled masses yearning to break free. we need to understand that none of us are free until all of us can be free. we need to have a new spirit of cooperation in this country based on love, respect, and a sensitivity to the least of these among us. that is what my father wanted for this country. i am proud of this great memorial to my father and hope it will serve as a catalyst for us to adopt his ideals and beliefs. a renewal of decency, sensitivity, and love. love, he so often talk about. we must stand up for justice because now is the time for all humankind. america, this is our chance and opportunity to show the world our greatness, to throw off the

shackles of all of the conservative policies that exclude masses of people. we must finally get rid of racism. today of this great moment in our collective history, join with me to stand up for justice. everywhere, we must build a brighter day for everyone and create the opportunity for people to once again acquire wealth. therefore, we will ultimately triumph over the triple evils of poverty, racism, and militarism that my father championed often. let us celebrate my father's life. more importantly, let us live as dr. king envisioned when he described how all of our destinies are tied together.

we are linked together. i cannot be what i ought to be until you are what you ought to be. our destinies are tied together. that is what he said. today let us meet the challenge to finally embrace and become what we know we must become. that is a beloved community. no matter how far we have to go , do not get tired because we have truly come far from where we started. nobody ever told any of us that our roads would be easy. i know our god did not bring any of us this far to leave us. thank you. god bless each and everyone of you always. [cheers and applause]

[cheers and applause] upthey perform "can't give now." >> it is and honor and privilege to be here and part of this dedication ceremony. we know that we did not get here alone. god did not bring us this far to leave us.

♪ that is not our track. [laughter] it was lovely, though. [laughter] if we need to, we can sing this acapella. ♪ out here not bring me to leave me lonely even when i cannot see clearly, i know that you are with me.

i cannot give up now. i have come too far from where i started. nobody told me that this road would be so hard. i cannot give up now. i can't give up now. i have come too far from where i started. it is not going to be easy, but i do not believe that god has brought me this far to leave me.

i have come too far. nobody ever told me it would be easy. it has been a little rough. i cannot give up now. i have come too far from where i started from. no one said it would be easy. nobody said the road would be easy. easy.