five years of experience at the helm of the bank, you have stakeholders in the government and clients, you have had to write a letter to doctor kim and say, here are some things that i have learned in terms of not only keeping the bank relevant but keeping it at the forefront of the role it plays at this institution. what would you put in that? >> i spent three hours with him yesterday. by the way, i think this is something else that

kind of fits a broader civil society notion. i think change is good. it's good for me and for the institution and. he will bring in things i don't know that maybe i had less experience with. that is the starting point. within that constraint, i will say a couple of things. the simple focus on the client is very important. it may seem obvious. think, you are there to serve. but let me give you an example, in the course of the debate about my successor, there were some people who devoted themselves to development, but in my view they were repeating the mistakes of 20 or 30 years ago? where they said we know the answer and developing countries should just focus on 1,2,3. that is the lead, down model that is not going to work. frankly, i was somewhat disappointed that these people

don't recognize the way the bank operates is to say, what do you think the problems are and what have we learned from other countries about how to address those and here are some things we think are over the horizon. one of the lessons of the financial crisis in east asia and latin america in the 1990's was macroeconomics stabilization is not enough. if you don't have basic nutrition, you can lose a generation. if you don't get kids in school, you can lose a generation. starting in mexico and in brazil they started cash transfer programs that for half of 1% of gdp, which would make me envious if i look at u.s. budgets, and they're able to do a 15% or 20% of the bottom of the population and they connect the money with requiring kids to go to school and get basic health checkups. it has probably done more for

women's health in the history of mexico? . at the same time we learned lessons. in the study in brazil it showed if you get of money to the woman head of household, you get much better in the use of the community. in brazil and now mexico they are trying to expand it to financial inclusion by using cars to move beyond the cash system. we have helped expand that to 40 countries. one of my conclusions from the past years is every country needs some basic safety net system, because we are not calling to be able to control food or oil prices if and the other things that can get people. what we can do is to try to make sure you have in place something that helps those most vulnerable and crisis hits. so you do an inventory of every country. we are trying to figure out it is not -- it's not a conditional-transfer, can it be school feeding? that is an interaction with the client. it is to show them what has been

done but also trying to understand the problems they seem. so client focused. second, i guess would be inherent in this whole exchange, which is tuesday the bank as a partner and in some ways we are the support and in some ways we can teach and some ways we can learn, so an export model. but that is something i'm sure dr. kim knew well from his experience. on the list of items i did discuss civil society groups and foundations for. >> thank you for doing that. i appreciate that the world bank president has been so open to. that to it is interesting when we reflect on the relevance of the world bank for years to come and the level of capital flows out there, is the core relevance resources common knowledge, how does the bank play a critical role in what has been really a

transformative portion of human history in poverty as parts of the global economy have stalled and so forth? >> it's a great question, because there is still a tendency to dive with the bank by how much money it has had. frankly, we have had a quarter of a trillion dollars and that is not worth scoffing at, but on the other hand, that is a modest amount. i sometimes point out to people that one of the problems with understanding the world bank is it is called bank, so most people associate banks with lending money, at least they use to. [laughter] now they associate with losing money, i guess. but in reality, where the bank performs best is combining innovative finance. we have great financial capacity to think about how to do index

futures for various areas, tried to help with trade finance, but also to try to combine that with the knowledge and learning from that we generate, but other countries generate, that you generate and we create various platforms to be about to expand that. but then to try to make investments that expand market institution capacity. so it is not an individual investment alone, but it is how do you build a system by which others can expand? so it may be a carbon market. it may be a local currency bond market. it maybe michael finance market. it may be the capacity in a conditional-transfer system. how do you leverage that to expand it > but i would summarize is a we are in the business of development solution. some of those solutions will come through the private sector

and some will come with partnerships from civil society groups. some will help governments to use their resources better. it varies by country. i was talking to donald of the african development bank last week and he brought to my attention that now of 54 sub- saharan african countries, 46 have proven energy reserves. the big issues for many of those countries is how transparent will they be, how will they use it for inclusive growth, how will they avoid corruption? how do they take care of environmental issues? how do they avoided that disease with the currencies? the bank has to figure out how to have development for that. a practical example of this, i have a morning staff meeting every morning, so i have all the vice president's wife, regional and functional and others. one of the things we were talking about is how in some of the post-conflict states that have good mineral resources if they have big mining companies,

but one of the presidents said it is him with the mining companies, so could he give some legal help? we do some of that. one of the things we talked about was developing a quicker response capacity whether it is a chinese or european or u.s. firm to help the country understand, what should one expects, what are the norms and legal agreements and what are the lessons about how you develop this. so that is why i am very suspect of silver bullets one-size-fits- all. we will keep learning how to do that better. >> i would like to open it up to our audience here and someone has a question, do raise your hand and please keep it to a question or short comments. >> man make another comment? >> sure. go ahead. one of the issues i get asked a lot is developed countries are

all under stress, have been going through a terrible time, so why does this matter to them? why should developed countries contingent -- contribute to this? two thirds of global growth over the past five years have come from developed countries. part of the point i said is we are beyond a model of charity to poor people. is is not self-interest, because we want to create more pools of growth. is one of them and southeast asia and latin america and sub- saharan africa has grown 5% or 6% per year. these provide opportunities to also sell goods, make investments. as the world economy grows, it will benefit developed countries. if you don't pay attention, for they will become breeding grounds of problems. whether it is afghanistan, you cannot have security unless you figure out some way to have an

economy. whether it is based on the transnational spread of health, disease, representative duties, pandemic, immigration, you all have the commonality of interest. so it really covers security, it covers economics, it covers the environment. if you just take the united states, 4% of the world's population, 20% or more the world economy, you have an interest in what is happening out there, whether it is from your own sense of ethics or whether it's from your economic or security self-interest if. so institutions like the world bank help address some of those problems and help not only improve the lives of people in those countries but can come back and help europe and the u.s. and japan and canada and others. >> we are talking to a converted audience in terms of international desire to link ourselves together and create a common good both in the developed world and developing world.

now i'm open to question if you could raise your hand and identify yourself. don't be shy. it's always hard to get the first one out there. i have one over here. >> is this on? thanks so much for your comments. ken with interaction. you have had very broad experience internationally and within the u.s. government. i wonder if you could step back and reflect on, as an american, what single change or few changes in terms of our domestic politics you think would make the u.s. a more effective, more responsible and better global actor and citizen?

>> well, i met with bob carr in the past week, the new foreign minister of australia, there is successful premier of new south wales, wonderful gentleman, had a strong interest in the united states. he said his message in washington was the u.s. is one budget deal away from being restored on the world stage. [laughter] and i think he was also saying some countries in east asia were saying don't spend your time in the u.s., we are going to be the next hour, so attention to us. it is a challenge for the u.s. on how to deal with that. frankly, my feeling is that whether it is a question of the united states' ability to be a strong economy, to be innovative, to support the foreign affairs budget, whether it is security issues, it has to

start and home. i think that is a key issue of trying to restore the fundamentals of u.s. growth, which include dealing with spending and debt and deficit policy, not relying solely on monetary policy, as we largely have been doing, because if you rely on monetary policy for a long time, you will plant the seeds of other problems. but i don't only mean the fiscal issues. it is, also, what i find interesting now and my experience with the world bank is because i deal with so many countries, there's a lot of innovation going on in developing countries that developed countries should pay attention to. one of the concerns that a lot of middle-income countries have is avoiding the so-called middle-income trapped which you get to a certain level of income growth and it tends to slow down, so how do you keep up the productivity? these issues will lead to the u.s. as well in terms of energy policy, in terms of education. the u.s. puts a lot of money

into schools, but what do we get for it in terms of overall performance? these are infrastructure. when you read about the infrastructure proposals in the u.s., they are also talking about how to use public money? i cannot go to a developing country that does not try to figure out to have a public- private partnership. i can go to countries in part -- parts of china that will modify toll roads, but some parts of pennsylvania refused to do so. they are less open to developing assets than developing countries are. the basic point for the u.s. if it is it has to get its economic house in order. i don't only mean the budget, although that is key, if it also is kind of freeing up some of the ingenuity and entrepreneurialism and drive and building for next generation at. >> another question?

they are all quiet. when used on civil society, you have done a very good job. >> all sit there quietly. >> i guess i have one in the back there. if you identify yourself. correct thanks very much. aaron from catholic relief services. how do you address the challenges posed worldwide by neo-patrimony allstate's? i'm thinkin -- neo patrimonial states? i'm talking about the article. it is a political economic system where the state essentially controls access to markets through political patronage.

so it overstepped the political arenas into more the economic and even social arenas where civil society organizations included are very much tied into the top down vertical network of patronage client networks. >> so it's like coming out of the 20's and '30's. well, let me start with this. i think what we have seen across the development field is there have been different approaches that have worked in terms of engagement of the state. so it starts out sort of 19th century liberalism, property rights contract, basic performance, basic education, services and others. but, obviously, there's been models sometimes of state-driven development. you have the very tricky

governance issues. if you look at history of a lot of state-owned enterprises, say, in latin america, they're not as competitive, they are protected, and they may be a good deal for those who are part of it, but not such a good deal for the society as all. and here's an interesting issue. you are starting to see in the discussion of mexico, the role of -- which was part of the role of a mexican revolution and the pri candidate has actually said maybe we need to look at this again. and because when you look at the revenues for mexico, a big share comes from jemex and the environmental performance is not good. on the other hand, you have some state-owned companies like the saudi arabia company and the malaysian company that have been run quite well. one thing we have tried to

encourage is maybe have the mexicans look at some of the other models if, but also whether they might approach sort of a change to consider additional roles of the private sector. i think what the bigger issue presented by that related to civil society is that old corporate model was almost like a pyramid, where everybody has to fit into the system in some fashion. the labor unions are kind of part of it. the businesses all kind of have to kowtow to it and so on and so forth. i think most experience is that was not as successful economically and did not lead to as free a society. in that sense, i think the need to create more space for individuals, for community groups and others, it will be done differently in different societies. i honestly believe in democracy. you can have a broader power to support your system.

there's another aspect that one will -- we will hear more about and that is the role of state- owned enterprises more generally. this is a topic with china we produced a report called the china 23rd report, which is really looking at the changes if in china's growth model over the next decade or more. frankly, i compliment the chinese. they have grown 10% per year over 30 years. realize the model they had coming out of 1978 with a kind of export and investment-led growth was not going to be successful going forward, so part of what they engaged with us on if is prompting their own debate in their own political transition about these issues. once you get these enterprises, the state-owned enterprises, they become interest groups and they have their own old and the kind of like the idea that they are given really inexpensive loans and they don't dividend things back to the public and

they have less competitive positions and so on. so i think in some ways it is intellectually intriguing, because when you see in the models of growth in some emerging markets and some of the difficulties of u.s. and others in the financial crisis, it is a more active debate, but i think that over time it is very important, my view would be the discussion with civil society recognizes kind of some of the dangers of some of these systems, under what conditions do they were better than others, and also what it says about the society you want to live in? let me give you another example from mexico in historical terms, i was very active with nafta. one of the reasons i thought it would be important was you could see that the old pri system in the mid-1980s was breaking up.

i would argue thatthe pri was a representative of that corporate client model. the question was where would the pieces attached themselves? the unions, the businesses, the school groups, and others? nafta was much more than a trade agreement. it was an embrace of north america with mexico. i don't think it is accidental that you then start to move to a competitive democracy. now you have started to be to centralize -- to decentralize power to the state level. what are the goals of the component of that system? this is still a fight in mexico today because with drug traffickers is a question of will they take over the judicial system and the local police forces? i admire president calderon and his team who have done heroic things in this. if you want to see the typical client, go to central america

and they are much weaker in terms of institutions and drug traffickers and that's where the drug traffickers will go. one of the things we had a spring meeting was i've worked with central america lot over the years. we were bringing together the private-sector in central america and civil society groups and some foundations and universities to deal with the broader question of violence in central america, which is part of the gangs and narcotics and others. i don't have the numbers in front of me anymore, but the population of spain is about the same as the population of central america. if you compare the murder rates in these two, is exponential. part of the message, this was intriguing to me, was this group that restarted out with, was in some ways catalyzed by a business school in coaster rica and nicaragua and it creates a regional business group. one of the dean of the business school at came to me and said we

are worried about the public administration in our society is, can we work with you to develop the capacity of our governments to deal with these issues? sometimes the private-sector said we will stay as far away from the government as we can, is corrupt, it takes our money, we will build walls. i think the lesson i have seen in colombia or mexico or elsewhere is that will kill your society. so i thought it was a good sign the private sector business community said we have to get into this fight. so part of what i was trying to do is to show how we could also worked in support. it is part of the larger aspects we talked about, about the private sector is not only the profit-making private-sector. it's the non-profit as well. >> one more question, write up here. >> thank you for the work you have done at the world bank. name is gabriel.y i'm from tanzania.

about 90,000 students this week will graduate in tanzania. 20% of them might go to college. the rest will probably have no employment or no alternative way to find a job. what is the bank doing to advise countries or to advise governments and what can you tell your successor to do when it comes in to deal with the problem of youth unemployment? >> let me start by saying, around the world, so not only in tanzania or in africa but in countries, developed countries and developing countries, what i find is a huge area of interest is the interconnected betty between education, skills, and work force -- interconnectivity between education, skills, and work force. restarted with the islamic development bank to do research on education and youth

unemployment. we came up with an education from plummet initiative, including how you can do public- private partnerships and sometimes private-sector performance if, which, by the way, it turns out in malaysia and others, is a much larger if sector of this done by the private sector to help connect people. but it also talks about the education and having the feedback for the schools about what employers are looking for without just making it sort of an arrow training. but the bigger issue is this, i think, our next world development report -- these are some of the landmark reports we try to do to push the agenda, so when we did on food and agriculture and gender and conflicts states, the next one is on jobs. it is basically -- this will come out later this year -- just to give you a short form perspective of this, some of the questions it is asking is -- i don't want to reduce this, but

many of the economics profession would say jobs is an unemployment issue and simply is a derivative of growth. you get growth, you create jobs. we are twisting the prism a little. we are trying to say let's understand the value of jobs from different dimensions. for example, individual self- worth. social cohesion. broader productivity in the society. so some of these are what economists would call externalities. what are the gaps in? they may be discrimination gaps, institutional gaps, information matching caps. what policies might you want to try to do to address those? when you think about jobs, it varies by country. if you are a country that has large informal sector, if you have a big agricultural sector,

if you are post-conflict, if you are urban? one of the things i hope will come out in the study is to recognize there's a loss for society as well as individuals if you don't make special efforts for people at the early stages to get engaged in the workforce, the field that they have learned skills and also a sense of social worth and other aspects. there are lessons -- we've seen from various countries things you can do that are consistent with markets and incentives to encourage them. it may be under. a new ship in some countries it may be public works programs. it may be different things that allow people to get that transition from school to work to jobs in a way that is good for them and good for the society as a whole. so when you ask what will i do for my successor, i will say you inherited a good world development report. [laughter]

>> just to wrap up, we tend to look at the world as the glass half full and economics are often the dismal science. perhaps looking the other way, what are the bright spots? where are the places that we can build on and look at that you think might be the shining spots of him and prosperity in the years to come? >> at the big level --think about what we talked about in development, think about the fact that countries used to be considered as charity cases are now driving the world's growth. this is a huge opportunity. and it is not only in terms of gdp statistics but it is in terms of the individual fulfilment of each of those people. the scientists, the engineers, the potential created by entrepreneur is, this is an enormous thing. people, is not given an

opportunity -- rather than be negative about this, i see huge potential. but you need to keep being able to try to find a win-win solutions. at the most individual level, what i always find motivating, when i work with the very theest and i've worked with self-employed women's association in india and networks in south asia, helping to million women, these women are very poor and they have been given no chance in life. you just start to see what's a little opportunity makes and a little difference makes in the empowerment of them in terms of whether one of the things we helped finance and take credit for was a solar lamp and they helped to design it so it could before reading, general lighting, help with their cell phone. within the first week, they make it and the manufacture it and they had over 10,000 sales of this, which again we helped create the basis of financing.

one woman, the poorest of the poor, these are people that would spend eight months a year in salt flats trying to gather salt. one woman told me now because she has a sense of making a difference for our children, they leave the children in a village with grandparents or others so they can start to get an education as opposed to spending eight months there. this is very interesting, because i was talking with them about water sanitation projects that i was trying to work with the government of india and some of the women started to cry, because this is so fundamental. they don't have proper sanitation, they cannot drink or eat properly. things at the core of their lives and with a little support, you can make a difference. and so, what i find, going back to your question about the u.s., sometimes i see people in the united states and to be honest they have a lot of good vantage

and don't take advantage. i see people in poor countries that just give them a little chance and they will try to use it. that is inspiring for people. >> i would like to really thank you both for your comments now but also for the leadership role that you have played at the bank, or openness was so exciting and the vision that you have. please join me in thanking bob for his leadership from the top. [applause] let me close because i know our time is up and you have a long three days. i want to thank you for all you do. we just touched the surface. what we can learn from civil society groups, the information, the ideas, the delivery, and it is enormous. i know that many of the people in this room make their own sacrifices to do this and you

are very committed. and so, i want to thank you but also on thanks sam for doing such a great job of pulling such an important group together. >> thank you. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2012] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> former speaker of the house newt gingrich withdraws from the presidential campaign. then washington journal features your calls and a guest on british phone hacking, the cost obamallege, and the administration counterterrorism strategy. the chinese dissident chen guangcheng appeals to washington to help him leave china safely with his family. he said that he fears for his life and it that is after fleeing the u.s. embassy in beijing. a congressional commission on china today will get an update on this situation and hear from chinese human rights activists. live coverage at 2:00 p.m. eastern on c-span it 2.

>> between 1971 and 1973, richard nixon secretly recorded nearly 4000 hours of phone calls and meetings. >> always agree on little things. then you hold on the big one. i have done this so often in conversations with people. i say make them all feel good but don't give them the big one. >> every saturday this month on c-span radio, hear more of the nixon tapes, including discussions of with future presidents, key white house advisers, and intelligence officials. saturday on c-span radio. conversations with reagan and george h. w. bush. >> thesenewt gingrich did not

formally endorsed mitt romney for president. this is about 25 minutes. >> well, thank you all for coming. on may 11, we formally announced our candidacy. i want to thank everyone who helped through the last year. it has been an amazing year for the entire family.

i want to thank kathy and paul. i want to thank jimmy and jackie, who brought with them, i think, the two best debate coaches. [applause] whenever i did well in the debates, i ascribe it to maggie and margaret, who were diligent in briefing me on the debates. -- maggie and robert. i want to thank calista's mother who faithfully watched this campaign online, filled with questions and wondering what exactly was going on. she put up with almost as much as we did. i also want to single out the over 179,000 donors who helped us at newt.org. i should single out my brother

and his wife, who are here. randy has been all over the country, campaigning for me and i am very grateful. bob walker was our chairman. we go all the way back to the days in the house. i think we helped coinvent c- span. we did a number of things to help create a house republican majority. i also want to thank the team that stuck with us throughout the whole process, which was a truly wild ride. i could never have predicted neither the high points nor the low points. they were all amazing and astonishing. there are some key election officials i want to thank. i spoke to linda upmyer who stayed with us when we were

supposedly dead and when we rebounded. linda was just spectacular, solidly campaigning all across the state of iowa. i also want to thank speaker paulsen of iowa and speaker bill o'brien of new hampshire, who worked very hard and, by the way, is a model of balancing the budget the right way. in new hampshire, they first get the revenue number and then appropriate up to the revenue numbers. they do not start with a spending number and try to figure out how to find the taxes. they start with what is coming in and figure out what to spend. it is a remarkable project remarkably successful program. i want to thank the georgia house members. and governor nathan deal. i think one of the high moments of the campaign was carrying

georgia by 156 counties to 3. it gave us a good feeling that back home we had a very solid base. my daughter's in carroll county, we had 60% of the vote. we had a a strong base of support from the people who knew us best. i could not be here and not thank governor rick perry. he stuck with us all the way through. towards the end when things got the call, i called and he said i am with you until the cows come home. he said, "i am pretty comfortable as a farmer in texas understanding that." i also want to thank herman cain for campaigning for us and michael reagan who campaigned for us and communicated pretty clearly the relationship we had with his dad. todd palin, who also worked very hard.

although there were not associated with the campaign, it would be impossible for me to be here and thank everybody without thinking sheldon who single-handedly came pretty close to matching mitt romney's super pac. we share a combined concern about the middle east, american security, and the survival of israel. we are very good friends. i have to thank the voters of south carolina and apologize. we have a broken their tradition of always picking the nominee. this will always be me fell slightly guilty every time we go through south carolina, but they were tremendous. they were welcoming, enthusiastic. the size of the victory were the story. -- was historic. i expect our whole family will always remember south carolina because it was a tremendous, tremendous experience. today, i am suspending the

campaign, but suspending the campaign does not mean suspending citizenship calsita and i -- calista and i are committed to being an active citizen. we owe it to america. i have been an active citizen since august 1958 when my dad was serving in the army in europe. this will be 54 years of work on three things -- what does america need to do to be free, safe, and prosperous? two -- how would you explain that to the american people said they gave you permission to do what is needed? three -- how would you implement the changes at the american people gave you permission? starting in 1960 when my father was assigned to fort benning, i was a volunteer in the nixon campaign. in 1964, i dropped out of college to run a congressional

race. we lost twice for congress -- once in the middle of watergate, and once with jimmy carter. from 1978-1984, a 16-year journey to build a majority. helping reagan in the eight years as president, with bob walker and others developing a generation of solutions and training, building a contract with america, which led to the largest one-party increase in american history. 9 million additional votes. it was a positive campaign that attracted people and mattered to them. in the process, which won control of the house for the first time in 40 years and past welfare reform working in a bipartisan manner with a democrat in the white house. in 1996, we were the first

reelected republican majority since 1928. we did it not by flinching, not by compromising, but by standing firm for balanced budgets, more taxes, smaller government, and reform. -- lower taxes. in that period, we were able to work with president clinton on four consecutive balanced budgets. we did it in a bipartisan manner because we represented the will of the american people, not the will of washington, d.c. from 2001-2006, i worked as a volunteer on national security and health issues in the breast administration. -- bush administration. in 2008, we develop the american solutions -- drill here, drill now, pay less. we raised the central importance of an american

independence energy plan so that no future president would ever again about to a saudi king and so we would not be dependent on the strait of hormuz and dealing with the iranians. i have tried to move the national debate, including 22 books, starting with "window of opportunity." i have released seven documentaries. calista is trying to lead and educate with "sweet land of liberty," which educates four- year olds about american liberty. we are now going to put down the role of candid and candidate-spouse and take back up the role of active citizen. i thought to date -- i happen to get an e-mail from polymers -- from congressman tom cole of oklahoma. he had once been the head of the congressional campaign committee. he captured the moment when he said the following -- "newt is liberated to do what he does

best -- adapt conservative views to the challenges of the 21st century. in some ways, his best days may be ahead of him." we want to focus on a series of key issues and find a way to educate and move the country and policy in washington, d.c. central to all of this is our deep commitment on american exception alyssum and american history and our sense that we cannot truly be americans if we have amnesia about who we are, where we came from, and what principles have made us great. we will spend a great deal of time on religious liberty. my newsletter today specifically -- is specifically on the whole issue of religious liberty. i appreciate the working relationship we have with human events in developing issues like this. i want to continue to work on american energy independence. this is central to job creation, our balance of payments, the strength of the

american dollar, dealing with radical islam. if we do it right, we will not only create energy independence and with millions of new jobs, but we will create trillions of dollars in royalties, which if we impose discipline in washington, could be put into a fund to repay the national debt and leave maggie and robert's generation debt free. balancing the budget and using american energy to pay off the national debt. in a real sense, we could be free of both radical islam, saudi kings, and chinese bondholders all with the same strategy. in addition, we will go to college campuses and talk about personal social security savings accounts are maggie and robert's generation.

in texas, two counties have used that model so that people of their generation can have larger retirement accounts while growing the national economy, independent of political influence and a system much fairer than the current system. we are going to also reemphasized the work ethic, something i know was controversial in one of our debates. one proposal will be to modernize unemployment compensation to attached to it a training component so that if you sign up to get the money, you have to sign up to learn because by definition if you are currently unemployed, you need better job skills. in north dakota, 3.5% of people are unemployed. they cannot fill the oil fields because people who are unemployed do not have the skills. there is no reason to give people money nine weeks are doing nothing. 99 weeks for doing nothing. this is an important national debate about a country that was

formed in 16 07 by john smith saying to aristocrats in st. paul, if you do not work, you do not eat. talkl see us come back and about that. beyond that, i want to come back on one of the projects i feel sad about not saying very well. if we reorganize the food and drug administration, we can have a remarkable short time absolute revolutions of better health, or independent living, longer living, and at lower costs. part of the great challenge of washington is how you take an idea like that and move it from the scientific world where everyone says it is right into the political world where no one has a clue what it means? this is an enormous challenge to us. we also want to focus on what a post-obamacare health care

system should look like and take back something i worked on my entire career. just before i ran for president, i was the longest serving teacher for one and two- star teachers -- generals. i will focus again on national security and free zones. -- in 3 zones. radical islamist who still do not have a strategy. it is nice that the president broadcast from afghanistan, but the center of islam is yemen. -- but the center of al qaeda is yemen. i think we have to recognize we do not have a grand strategy in this zone. we have to deal with the rise of china, which is not automatically a threat, but is a reality. we have to deal with new technologies that do threaten us, whether it is cyber warfare or electromagnetic pulse. finally, on the topic of new technology, i will cheerfully

take back up the issue of space. my wife has pointed out to me approximately 219 times that moon-colony was not my most clever, met in this campaign. -- clever comment in this campaign. i thought it was helpful for my role on saturday night live. if we want to be the leading country in the world, we have to be the leading country in space. what i call for is beginning to happen. the founders of google are talking about a private-sector effort to mine and afterward. -- to mine an asteroid. there is less red tape to mine an asteroid than the epa of the united states. the space-adventure program hopes to have a private-sector opportunity to circle the moon by 2015. as many of you know, there is a

low earth orbit project under way. next week, nasa is building on something george w. bush started and obama expanded on. they will launch a private sector rocket in an effort to broaden our capacity. this is not frivolous. -- not a trivial area. it is the fundamental question about whether we are a country that dreams and has the courage to say to young people, yes there is a wonderful future doing really important things. i happen to think there is a better future than methamphetamine and cocaine. i will argue for an american future of doing things that matter. we also need to have new models of an effective, affordable life-it project lifetime learning. we have to replace the 130- year-old civil service model with modern management systems. this is a big issue that is fundamental to the united states. we have been obsolete system that is impossible to make work effectively.

the forces that support it will fight every inch of the way. this may be too big a challenge, but we do need to have a national discussion about how to get congress to be effective. congress has decayed dramatically in the last 20 years. the senate has become a dysfunctional institution. under our constitution, if congress does not understand things and cannot legislate things, you cannot fix it. it is really important that we have a much bigger national debate. because we will pursue solutions, we want those solutions to be real. we will campaign for a

republican president, a republican house, a republican senate, republican governors, state legislators. america is a complex, mosaic government. the presidency matters. but so do all the other offices of self-government. if you are going to have change in america, it has to occur in many places simultaneously. as to the presidency, i am asked sometimes, it is mitt romney conservative enough? my answer is simple. compared to barack obama? this is not a choice between mitt romney and ronald reagan. this is a choice between mitt romney and the most radical, leftist president in american history. if you simply take judges and ask yourself, who are the kind of people governor romney would be inclined to a point? who are the kind of people barack obama of points? -- appoints?

if you look at his pledge to cut spending, something we will help him with, to balance the budget, to work with paul ryan and others on the entitlement crisis, to focus on economic growth by creating private- sector jobs, something i would suggest governor romney knows about 60,000 times more than president obama. think about appointing common sense regulators. as compared to the obama epa regulator his said, it is nice to crucify industry because it teaches them a lesson. you cannot get a much bigger gap. a republican sweep this fall would revitalize america just as the reagan sweep of 1980 revitalize america. we have done before, and we can

do it again. i always tell people, economic recovery will begin late on election night. when people realize that obama is gone. by the next morning, people will make new decisions about investing, hiring. but beyond this election, the election is just an interim step, and then you have the next struggle. we had to work for eight months to pass the reagan tax cuts. 1981. look at what scott walker is going through in wisconsin. the election just starts the dance, it does not end it. every conservative should be prepared to work every single day to bring to bear the best ideas and to develop the best future. i think in the reagan tradition, there is a shining future ahead. i think maggie and robert's generation will live in a safer and more prosperous generation.

i am certain -- it is almost inevitable. i am certain they will be able to get to the moon colony. i think they will live in a generation that has resolved the challenge of optimism. of alzheimer's, of parkinson's. that has mastered mental-health. i think their generation will look back in the olden days when people did not have holograms at home and had to do so many things manually. they will live in a very different world. i am confident about this feature for maggie and robert because i have written three novels on at george washington, and i know what he went through. i have written four novels on the civil war. i know what we went through as a people to preserve this country.

the germans and japanese, underestimated us and thought we could never mobilize and we did not know how to fight. the soviets said that they would bury us. the japanese in the 1980's were going to be the next superpower until their system collapsed in 1989. currently, the chinese are the latest example of somebody else who is magically going to appear, who will take on 305 million people and somehow be more innovative, more effective, more clever. i do not believe that. with every great challenge, americans have reinvented themselves and their country. building within the framework of the declaration of independence, the constitution, and the federalist papers, we are liberated to use common

sense and courage to create a better future. we pledge to work with you and with every american who wants to create that better future. to once again challenge the institutions that do not work, challenge the premise is that do not work, to create new solutions, new opportunities, so that the 21st century will be the third century of freedom in american exceptionalism. thank you very much. [applause] >> that was former house speaker newt gingrich ending his presidential campaign. mitt romney was in virginia today and we will have more on him in a moment. first, on c-span 2, former treasury secretary robert rubin

and lawrence summers joined other fiscal scholars this morning to discuss the u.s. tax policy and the national debt if. live at 9:30 eastern on c-span 2. then later this afternoon, the congressional commission on china will get an update on china's dissident chen guangcheng and hear about human rights abuses in china. that is live on c-span 2 at 2:00 eastern. >> bin laden was a strategically irrelevant communicator with various and disparate outfits. i have to confess i worked on the problem of iraq and we knew bin laden personally was involved in communications, trying to bring under his control al-zawahiri. we knew that he was making out reached in somalia and involved in all these types of things working through individuals. as a consequence, bin laden was

relevant. >> counter-terrorism and national security, how they changed in the year since the death of bin laden. analysts and intelligence community members weigh in on it. see what they have to say online at the c-span library, all archived. >> up next on c-span, your calls, e-mails, and tweets live on washington journal. will be live in a couple hours with a panel of veterans of the heritage foundation at 10:00 eastern. mitt romney campaigns in portsmouth, virginia, with governor bob mcdonnell at 1:15 eastern. coming up in 45 minutes, minutea roundtable of the impact of the british phone hacking investigation. jon swaine and melodies loan join us. then economics