those responsible for such acts in syria or elsewhere must be held accountable by the international community. ladies and gentlemen, i began these remarks with a call for a collective efforts, putting people first. we need to create a more human world, a world of resolutions for ordinary people. a world of greater justice with a proactive protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms with a greater security and equity for all. as i see it, justice and integrity are not abstractions. they are not mere aspirations.

they are rights of people. they are the responsibilities of governments to deliver. none of these ideas are alien to anyone here this evening. they are core american values. they are core transatlantic values. increasingly, widely shared around the world. our challenge is to continue to spread these principles all around the world. that takes leadership, your leadership. if i could leave you with just one thought, it would be this -- the atlantic council has always stood firm for justice and equal rights. now is not to the moment to lose heart or change course.

thank you for this honor, and thank you for your leadership and commitment. let us work together to make this world better for all. [applause] thank you so much. >> ladies and gentleman, the great anne-sophie mutter. [applause]

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>> thank you, anne-sophie mutter. what a brilliant performance. this ends the celebration. thank you for attending. see you all next year. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2012]

new conceptnato's and its response to emerging security challenges, proliferation, and cyber attacks. the british american society and nato watch are hosting the forum. we will have it monday at 1:30 p.m. eastern on c-span3. >> local content vehicles have taken book tv and american history tv on the road from charles sent to knock sell the and last month to oklahoma city. they have visited places that

define a city's heritage and literary life. watch for our special programming from wichita kansas on c-span2 and 3. >> a president obama urged congress to work and passing his "to-do" list -- mortgage assistance, tax credits, manufacturing, and veterans assistance. kristi noem deliver the republican response, focusing the challenges facing college graduates in the market. >> we all know the past few years have been difficult for this country. after the worst recession of our lifetimes, it will take longer than any of us would like for the economy to fully recover. but there are plenty of steps we can take to speed up the recovery. there are things we can do - right now - to help create jobs and restore some of the financial security that so many families have lost.

now, the other side isn't so optimistic. they think all we can do is cut taxes - especially for the wealthiest americans and go back to letting banks and corporations write their own rules again. that's their plan. but i think they're wrong. we tried their ideas for nearly a decade, and it didn't work out so well. we can't go back to the same policies that got us into this mess. we've got to move forward. we need to build an economy where hard work and responsibility are rewarded where you can find a good job, own your own home, maybe start a businesses, and give your kids the chance to do even better. that's where we need to go. and i've been pushing congress to help us get there by passing a few common-sense policies that would make a difference. democrats and republicans have already done some important work together - from passing tax cuts for workers, to opening up new markets for american products, to reforming our patent system. but now we need to do more. that's why we made congress a handy "to-do" list - just like the kind i get from michelle.

it's short, but each of the ideas on this list will help create jobs and build a stronger economy right now. first, congress should stop giving tax breaks to companies that ship jobs overseas, and use that money to cover moving expenses for companies that bring jobs back to america. second, congress should help the millions of americans who have worked hard and made their mortgage payments on time refinance their mortgages at lower rates and save at least $3,000 a year. third, congress should help small business owners by giving them a tax break for hiring more workers and paying them higher wages. small businesses are the engine of economic growth in this country. we shouldn't be holding them back we should be making it easier for them to succeed. fourth, if congress fails to act soon, clean energy companies will see their taxes go up and could be forced to lay off employees. these companies are putting americans to work and helping break our dependence on foreign

oil. congress should extend these tax credits. and finally, congress should help our veterans returning from iraq and afghanistan by creating a veterans job corps. our men and women in uniform have served this country with honor. now it's our turn to serve them. so that's congress's "to-do" list. but now we need them to start crossing things off. i need you to call your members of congress, write an email, tweet, and let them know we can't afford to wait any longer to get things done. tell them now is the time to take steps we know will grow our economy and create jobs. you're working harder. you're meeting your responsibilities. your representatives in washington should do the same. let's push congress to do the right thing. let's keep moving this country forward together. thanks, and have a great weekend. >> hello, i am kristi noem.

a m a y, mother, a rancher, and a member of the house of representatives. last week i took on another title -- college graduate. i had to leave school when i was 22 after my dad died in an accident on our part. after many years, i returned to school and was grateful to walk across last saturday with my political science degree in hand. commencements are happy occasions but i could not help but think about the challenges that this year's graduates will face. last week's figures were a sobering reminder that our economy continues to struggle. over half of the recent graduates cannot get a job in president obama's economy. policies make our economy is worse by making it harder for small businesses to hire new workers. the president claims to be leading us forward but his policies have bus stop.

instead of working to resolve the economy, the president is ignoring the tough choices and trying to distract from the real issues. when the house passed legislation to prevent a student loan rates from dublin, the president claimed that by targeting an obamacare/fund, republicans were slashing support for women's health. news organizations did belong to these allegations. the president has twice cut money from the very same fund. most recently in his own budget. this is proof he is politicizing this issue to distract the american people. the challenges and people and women face in this economy needs to be addressed, not exploited for political gain. i want to know that our kids and grandkids will have greater opportunities than we had and that the free and prosperous america that we grew up in is

still going to be there for them. that is why republicans are focused on helping put americans back to work. in the house, we have passed several all of the above energy bills and to help create jobs. we passed a budget to lift the burden of debt that is hurting our economy and threatening our future. we passed tax cuts and bills raining in red tape so we can get government out of the private sector's way. more than 2000 pills are awaiting action in the democratic-controlled senate. if the president is serious about doing what is best for women, for young people, working on these bills should be our focus. one of the reasons i finish school was to set an example for our children. that is as good as a reason for many to put aside this nonsense

and focus on the issues and work together to get our economy back on track. action that preserves the american dream is a gift every mother would appreciate for her child. happy mother's day and thank you for listening. >> monday, president obama delivers the commencement address at a liberal arts college affiliated with columbia university in new york city. we will bring you his remarks on c-span. coming up, the house armed services committee hearing on border patrol strategy. that is followed by a briefing on a lawsuit against the arizona sheriff. then a discussion about anti- terrorism efforts. and later, mitt romney delivers the commencement address at liberty university.

monday, the bipartisan policy center looks at the next round of talks with iran. speakers include nicholas burns. you can watch it starting at 10:00 a.m. eastern here on c- span. >> these men go through things that no one can understand except each other. >> of first thing the startled us was the relationship between harry truman and herbert hoover. they ended up performing this alliance that neither of them would have anticipated and ended up being productive and formed the foundation of what became a very deep friendship. the letters about how important they have become is extraordinary. >> it may be the most exclusive club in the world. the private and public

relationships of the american presidents from truman and hoover to bush and clinton. tonight at 8:00. >> of these men go through things anthat no one can understand except each other. >> the relationship between harry truman and hubert to restore told us. there were such a different men who ended up forming this alliance that neither of them would have anticipated. it form the foundation of what became a very deep friendship. the letters between them about how important they had become are extraordinary. >> it may be the most exclusive club in the world. the private and public relationships of the american presidents, sunday at 8:00 on c- span's q&a.

content forlocal has taken book tv and american history tv on the road from tampa to savannah, birmingham and patton ruche -- baton rouge. we have visited places that define heritage and a literary life. watch for our programming from wichita, kan. on c-span 2 and 3. >> michael fisher testified they are a subcommittee on tuesday about a new strategy -- before a subcommittee on tuesday about a new strategy intended to focus less on how many people are apprehended and more on repeat crossers, remote areas, and help from those on the border. this hearing is 90 minutes.

>> the committee on homeland security. in the subcommittee today, examining our border patrol plan. we have a great lineup of witnesses today. before we begin talking about our border, i think it is appropriate for the committee to acknowledge the extraordinary professionalism and work that happened with the fbi and cia in regards to foiling the recent bombing plot in yemen. i was sitting one -- would say one thing, the war on terror is not over. i think americans can be comforted by the fact that we have such a high vigilance and a summit professional people in all of our agencies. we will hear from a number of them. they are working the state to

protect us against the enemies of freedom. one of the things that is incumbent on us is to make sure that we provide these individuals with the tools they need, the resources, the training they need to be able to stop a plot such as we saw. being from the detroit area, ready christmas day bomber almost blew up 300 folks from my hometown, we always need to be vigilant. on behalf of the committee, the entire committee, i think we are very thankful that this plot was stopped. today our subcommittee is going to be talking about the border patrol's new strategic plan. our panelists are michael fisher and rebecca gambler and marc rosenblum, from the

congressional research service. we welcome them all. i will make formal introductions after the opening statements. along the enumerated powers to congress ensures that we secure nation's borders. how we determine that or measure that and what a secure border looks like has been the subject of much of this work during this congress. the u.s. border patrol released an updated five years plan, the first strategy since 2004. this is intended to mark a shift in focus from being resource base, to risk-based. principal themes for the new plan our information, and rapid response, of which are important aspects to consider as we work to secure our border.

the border patrol has to make the best use of the resources the congress provides and respond quickly if conditions change, which they always are evolving. i want to say that i am encouraged of the border patrol decided to reflect the reality we face on the border today. i am concerned that the 2012-26 strategy lacks a way to measure our efforts on the border. we will explore that today. the new strategy is absent in an emphasis of proven techniques such as defense, making use of interior checkpoints to deny migration, it is not mentioned in this new strategic plan. i am sure there will be a question on why that was not included. operations and patrolling using the best intelligence to inform how and where agents patrol.

the new strategy focuses on information to better secure our borders. intelligence is an imperfect will. -- tool. randomness should be incorporated to keep the drug cartels from finding holes in our defenses or tracking our patterns. the most important question is, how do we know if it is working? how can we measure it? the previous strategy was predicated on the concept of gaining in maintaining miles of operational control. that became the de facto term that indicated how much of the border to border patrol could

effectively control. it is clear that the department of home unsecured is backing away from the use of that term. in 2010, the department stopped reporting to congress the miles under operational control. we have not been supplied with an alternative measure to replace this matrix. performance measures such as the number of apprehensions are not adequate to measure border patrol, security progress. as i have said, we are open to a new, more robust standard. if this supplements operational control and is better described. when we hear terms like the border is more secure than ever, how do you measure that? that is what we're looking for. conditions along the border continue to evolve. we need to understand progress. the border is a much different place now than it was in 2004. congress has invested and doubled the size of the patrol, building hundreds of miles of offense, utilizing new

technology like uav's that we have had many hearings about. however, all of these elements are also prevalent in the 2004 strategy. i would be interested to see what is different or new in the 2012 plan. as mentioned, the department is working on something called the border condition index. it is supposed to be an objective measure to inform our efforts. we have heard some reports that the anticipated new standard is running into some delays, maybe it is not workable. we will be eager to hear how bad is happening. using apprehension as a member of progress tells and a complete story. there are a number of reasons why migration across our border is down, certainly our efforts are one of the components. the economy has been weakened, drug cartels are trying to cross the border.

changing demographics. all of these things play a role in the reduced number of illegal aliens who are crossing the border. i say that by not taking away from the work at the border patrol has done. our enhanced enforcement efforts such as prosecution for multiple crossers have made a tremendous difference. at the same time, we cannot be complacent as the number of aliens crossing in rio grande have increased, bucking the national trend. we have called on homeland's security to produce a strategy to secure the border and inform us of the resources needed to make that a reality. i would hope that the implementation plan will indicate what a secure border looks like and provide a path to get there. i also want to mention that it

is the anniversary of the founding of the u.s. border patrol. that is going to be later this month. the men and women in green have served our nation in an extraordinary, remarkable, and professional well executed right. -- way. on behalf of this committee, i want to commend all of the men and women for the work they have done over the last decade, 87 years and since 9/11 and we have started to focus on our border in a much more intense way, they have done an extraordinarily professional job for all of us. i look forward to hearing from the witnesses on how this change will move the ball forward to make for a more secure border. at this time i would recognize the gentleman from texas. >> thank you for having this meeting. i am glad we're here to examine the strategic plan. i have believed that border security is an element of

homeland security and after the terrorist attacks of september 2001, congress provided the resources necessary to secure that. we learn a lot from september 11 and we want to make sure that we secure our land, air, a maritime borders and make sure that is a top priority for all of us. as a result, the number of agents has more than doubled. as of last month, there were 21,000 border patrol agents. there was a graduating class of 1000. congratulation on that. additional resources allow for expanded infrastructure such as mobile surveillance units. the u.s. border patrol refocused its response to 9/11

while remaining committed to its traditional duties of preventing the illicit trafficking of people and contraband between our ports of entry. the border patrol released its first strategic plan in march of 2004. that provided the framework for the ongoing acquisition and deployment of technology and infrastructure resources along the border. the border patrol has continued to grow and has only recently begun to level off. this is appropriate for the agency to set forth a new plan to assure the new border patrol is as effective as possible. in order to utilize border patrol, the agency has developed a risk-based strategy which is something that we are interested because we want to see if you put x amount of dollars into an agency, what are the results?

working with all of the folks, we want to try to find the right results. it can be difficult but we appreciate that what you're doing to make sure that we focus on results. the new plan is focused on identifying high-risk areas and targeting the response to meet those threats. cooperation is key to the 20 top strategy as it would serve as a died in the overall effort to ensure progress continues on our borders. the strategy also builds on a relationship with mexico and canada as it relates to porter management and security.

i am hopeful that the discussion will help us gain a better perspective not only of where border patrol is but also on the future direction of the agency. i am also interested in finding out how border patrol will continue to build on the relationship with state and local counterparts. you and i have talked about the importance of making sure they are all working. we cannot do it by ourselves. we appreciate all of the work you are doing in that effort. given the importance of providing not adjusted tools -- just the tools necessary but also plans to get us there. i am also interested about how our witnesses can believe we can get to that point. i want to thank the chairman miller for having this meeting. we got to see the work that is being done not only in the ports of entry but also on the boats. thank you for the work you are

doing in providing that type of work down there. i want to thank all of the witnesses for joining us here today. i yield back. >> we heard excellent reports about your field hearing. i thought that was an excellent effort and i appreciate your service to do such a thing. the chair recognizes the ranking member, the gentleman from mississippi. >> i welcome our witnesses here. some i have seen in the past. i am looking forward to your testimony. i am encouraged to develop a comprehensive strategy for securing america's borders. it is my hope that the

department will do so. i am pleased that the u.s. border patrol has developed a new plan to guide the agency over the next few years, four years. with the support of congress, the border patrol has experienced unprecedented growth in terms of personnel and resources. the ranking member of the subcommittee has already indicated the normal of agents has more than doubled over the last decade. over 21,000 today. dhs has also added hundreds of miles of fencing and barriers in that time. they have deployed additional equipment including surveillance systems, cameras, and uav's.

given these changes, it seems appropriate for the border patrol to set forth a new strategy based on current realities. the border patrol's strategic plan is a relatively brief document compared to the depth before the law-enforcement agency. i look forward to hearing more details about the strategic plan and how it will be implemented in the near term and in the coming years. i have some initial thoughts on the plan. one of the concerns expressed on the rapid growth of the border patrol was the need to ensure proper training and supervision of less experienced agents. i was pleased to see that the plan gives consideration to supporting the men and women of

the border patrol and insuring that -- it also discusses the border condition index, which is the border patrol -- which is being developed to replace operational control as a metric for managing border security. we are told that the new bci will capture a more comprehensive picture of conditions including public safety and quality of life. it is my hope that it will offer a better indicator of the situation along the border and is not just in case of finding a new ruler when you do not like the first measurement. i look forward to hearing more details at this hearing once the new system is implemented. thank you to the witnesses for joining us today.

>> other members of the committee are reminded that opening statements might be submitted for the record. michael fisher was named the chief supporter patrol may, 2010. he started his duty along the southwest border in 1987 in arizona. he completed the selection process for the tactical unit in 1990 and was selected as a field supervisor. he served as the deputy chief patrol agent in detroit and as an assistant agent in tucson, arizona. rebecca gambler is a director in the u.s. accountability office of homeland's security. she leads the work of border security and immigration issues. she joined in 2002, and has worked on a range of issues. marc rosenblum is a specialist in immigration policy at the congressional research center

and is a professor of political science in new orleans. he is the co-editor of the oxford handbook of international migration. he has also published over 40 articles, book chapters, and policy breeze on immigration and u.s.-latin american relations. the chair recognizes chief fisher for his testimony. >> distinguished members of the subcommittee, it is a privilege and then honored to appear before you today to discuss the work that customs and border protection dozen securing america's borders. in 28, 2012 will mark the 80th birthday of the patrol. as this day approaches, i am reminded how the author defined the term "writing of the brand" as a loyalty to the brand.

since the days of the modern watchmen, the have done no less to protect our borders. "if a man did not like a rancher the way they conducted their affairs, and he was free to quit. if he stayed on, he gave loyalty and expected a." for 88 years, the men and women of the patrol have stayed on, giving their loyalty to their mission and the nation. since 1924, the border patrol has responded to an ever changing nation as it recognize the need to curb the influx of people in contraband entering its borders. as a nation evolve, so did the job. during the prohibition era, inspectors pursuit liquor

smugglers in arizona. as world war two rich, inspectors scanned the atlantic horizon for submarines off the coast of florida. the cold war found personnel on board domestic airline flights serving as u.s. air marshals. during the civil rights movement, the border patrol to join u.s. marshals to enforce federal law by protecting james as he registered at university of mississippi's first african american student. in the wake of hurricane katrina, agents responded to help victims and restore order. during the reconstruction of iraq and afghanistan, agents brought security and support. whether dealing with illegal immigration or facing the threat of international terrorism, agencies have done their job with vigilance, integrity, and pride. the threats have changed over the years but the basic mission remains unaltered. defending and protecting our

nation's borders is our brand, as important today as it was in the past. this month, as we take devotion from our past to carry out our task of securing the borders, it is fitting and proper i am here to discuss the future for the 2012-2016 plan. the border is a difference in varmint today than when i began my career. i have witnessed the evolution of the border over the past 25 years, in terms of additional resources as well as the change in the adversary's tactics. the plan builds on the foundation of the 2004 national strategy. it focused on getting the four organized and resourced through intelligence and infrastructure. our 2012 plans in most programs and initiatives that apply information, integration, and rapid response to develop and deploy better techniques and procedures to achieve our

strategic objectives. the principal theme of our strategy is to use information, integration, in response to meet all threats. this is essential as we continue to build upon an approach that puts the greatest capabilities in place for combat. first, information provides awareness and intelligence developed by blending things such as reconnaissance, community engagement, tracking, and technology to enable agents to get ahead of the threat. second, integration to notes our comprehensive planning and execution of security operations that leverages partnerships to ensure we bring all available capabilities and tools to bear in addressing threat. and through a rapid response, capabilities to meet and mitigated the risks we confront. representative response means

the border patrol and its partners can quickly respond to dynamic threats. our strategy hasn't related an intricate planning goals. one is to secure america's borders. we work to achieve this by preventing terrorist and weapons from entering the united states, a managing risk, disrupting and degrading transnational criminal organizations, including an approach and increasing an engagement. the current risk environment is characterized by a variety of threats. the border patrol must harness information and intelligence to ensure that operations are targeted against potential threats. the ability to prevent and

disrupt such threats is enhanced through information sharing, planning, and execution with our domestic and foreign partners. likewise, developing and applying the best information is critical to assessing and managing risk. capabilities must continue to adapt to ensure that resources are being used effectively and efficiently. the border patrol the employes a strategy which uses of various techniques to gather situational awareness. it allows the border patrol to continue focusing other capabilities on areas where the highest risks exist to ensure that any threat is identified quickly. in addition to that, we must continue develop mobile response to the ability to redeploy to debilities to the highest risk areas. through targeted enforcement and the expansion of programs, the border patrol will increase the ability to disrupt transnational criminal organizations along our borders. our delivery system is an example of been able to provide strategies that died management and agents through a standardized process designed to evaluate each subject and identified the consequence.

in order to maximize and enforcement benefits, we must move beyond collaboration. we must ensure we are working together in an integrated way. the border patrol will continue to educate the public, border activities and issues to leverage assistance of our communities. engagement by the border patrol and the public can assist in reducing violence. we must refine the capabilities and techniques. the border patrol will achieve this by strengthening our investment in people, supporting our employees, supporting our integrity, improving our processing and enhancing our efficiencies. we must strengthen our people and capabilities to improve education, training, and support.

we must reinforce the support initiatives and programs that continue to provide ways for employees to remain resilient in the performance of their day- to-day duties. we must address threats and remain vigilant to combat corruption, ensure morale and our mission is not compromised. this will allow us to link force to the tactics of our adversaries. it is our responsibility to ensure that leaders and support personnel are goods stores of the american tax dollars. as we progress toward maturity, an essential element will be the development and refinement of comprehensive, demanding, and results-german performance measures. the strategic plan marks an important part in the development of u.s. border patrol and establishes an approach that is tailored to meet the challenges of security and 21st century border against

a number of threats. ultimately, leveraging all available actions and techniques, and encompassed within our plan, to strengthen the control internally and national security to the use of information, integration, and rapid response. thank you for the opportunity to testify today. i look forward to working with u.s. we devised this plan. i welcome your questions. >> at this time we would recognize ms. gambler. >> i appreciate the invitation to testify at today's hearing to discuss work on border

security programs and performance measurements which could inform efforts as we transition to a new strategic plan. the border patrol is the federal agency with responsibility for securing u.s. borders between ports of entry. from 2004 through 2011, the number of agents nearly doubled from 10,800 to nearly 21,500. the department of all land security has reported that about four $0.4 billion has been invested in border technology and infrastructure. the border patrol is issuing a new plan to guide efforts. this plan will involve the use of the risk-based approach based on the three elements of information, integration, and rapid response. i would like to focus my remarks on key areas related to

the border patrol strategies. i would like to highlight our work related to the implementation of the 2004 strategy. i would like to highlight our work reviewing performance measures and indicators for border security. with regard to my first point, our work has shown that the border patrol and the department of homeland security has made progress in developing and deploying capabilities related to the three elements of the new plan. the border patrol and the department have to provide information and situational awareness for securing the border. coordinate with partners and provide a mobile response. their apartment has deployed various technology assistance to increase situational awareness among the southwest border. the border patrol and its partners have established task forces for coordinating

activities along the northern border. while these are positive developments, our work has identified challenges facing the border patrol and the department of homeland security in implementing the strategy. for example, we have reported on the need for the department to better assess the benefits to help provide situational awareness. we have also reported on the need for the department to help identify and reduce any potential duplication of effort. turning to the issue of performance, the department of homeland's security's goal was used in conjunction with the border patrol in 2004 strategy.

it was defined as the number of border miles were the patrol have the ability to detect and introject cross border illegal activity. the apartment last reported its progress in achieving control of the borders in 2010. at that time, the department reported achieving control for 1,100 miles, 13% of more than a thousand miles across u.s. borders. on the southwest border, and operational control of 873 miles, 44% of the 2,000 miles of the u.s. border with mexico. the department of homeless insecurity and border patrol have several up for us to develop new measures for assessing border security programs. until these are completed, the department is using interim measures on the southwest border.

these provide useful information but in opposition the department's report on how effective its efforts are. in closing, as the board transition to a new plan, it will be critical for them department to provide direction and oversight of the implementation. it will also be important to continue to develop measures to link to missions, include targets, and produce results. this concludes my oral statement. >> thank you for that testimony. the chair recognizes doctor rosenblum. >> i am honored to present testimony today on behalf of the congressional research service. first, the u.s. border is a different place than it was in the mid-1990s when the current strategy was developed. the changes at the mortar have

costs. these observations of lead to the new strategy comes at an appropriate time and raises important questions. in some ways we are at a critical juncture with defining borders security and understanding risks and threats to the united states. let me begin with the change at the border. the current strategy is prevention through deterrence, the idea that the concentration of personnel and surveillance technology will discourage unauthorized aliens from entering the united states. a new strategy that continue to emphasize investments on the border and also focused on the intelligence to assess risk and target to enforcement. this includes potential terrorists. at the same time, dhs announced a national program emphasizing

personnel, surveillance technology, as well as new removal practices. my written testimony includes several data points that showed that these plants have been implemented. when example is the growth in personnel, faster growth in the 1990's and faster in the most recent decade. concentrated primarily on the south west border. there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting these investments have begun to pay off. apprehension of unauthorized migrants are at their lowest level in 40 years. my written testimony includes indicators that suggest a legal migration. -- falling illegal migration. several factors have contributed

to this trend, including the u.s. economic downturn, crime in northern mexico, the strong economic recovery since 2010, demographic changes in mexico. u.s. enforcement efforts are an important contributing factor behind illegal immigration. this figure is one of the causal dynamics. it shows to measures of the fees migrants pay. there were flat during the 1980's, and then rose sharply in the early 1990's. the figure suggests it was easy to cross the border during the 1980's but became more difficult in the 1980's. these gains have intel costs. -- entailed costs. one way to think about it is in terms of appropriations. my written testimony also identifies a number of unidentified consequences and indirect costs of border enforcement on crime, mortality, the environment, communities and u.s. foreign

relations. border enforcement also entails opportunity costs, competing with other priorities and with priorities outside of dhs. this figure compares figures to resources for inspections and enforcement. funding for enforcement has more than doubled since 2004 while funding at the ports has increased by less than a third. full-time employment has increased 99%. we often think of border security in terms of how many unauthorized migrants make it through the desert but this highlights the the border patrol to risk management. four types of threats may be important to consider. whether the mass destruction,

drugs and other contraband, potential terrorists and regular unauthorized migrants. they have different risk profiles. most agree that wmb are a los right. -- low threat. regular immigration is a higher probability threat. illegal drugs fall somewhere in between. the southwest border between ports of entry is a point of vulnerability with respect to drugs and other contraband. both are considered most likely to be smuggled into the united states through a port of entry rather than carry across the border. the southwest border also may not be the greatest point of vulnerability with respect to terrorists who maybe trying to

go through a port or from canada or at a coastal border. the new strategy offers a moment to think about the bottom line goals for security. water the most serious threats? where are the greatest points of vulnerability? what additional policies may reduce risks? thank you for the opportunity to testify. >> i want to thank the witnesses for being here today, particularly you, chief, who is the only person in uniform. we are all here and telling you are critical way of looking at all of this. i appreciated you articulating a long and distinguished history of the cbp. you know, i was also taking notes as you were talking and i have been looking at your new

strategic plan. as you mentioned, information integration and rapid response and over $4 billion to congress, an american taxpayers have invested in technology. with all of the technology we need to utilize for all of our borders, sometimes there is no second for human intelligence. as i mentioned, much of the human bomb plot was a human intelligence community, a counterintelligence, counter- terrorism. the same thing applies for border security in many ways. it seems to me a good way to get that kind of intelligence, you mention it in the strategic plan when you talk about increasing community engagement, these kinds of things, with all

of the various stakeholders at all of our borders. we have often said they are a force multiplier. i think you can get a lot more intel from local law- enforcement and sharing that information, whether it is at the southern border, and our coastal borders, what have you. one thing about the street, the street talks. you're there to develop a threat assessment based on that and tell. also, are was -- of course i am from detroit -- are was on the canadian side of the blue water bridge looking at what their counterparts were doing. i had one of your officers with me. what did they have?

dogs. with all of this technology, they were sniffing everything that went through, people, drugs, and their ability is not something high-tech. particularly when you how all of these military dogs coming back.