focus, i think the cost of -- he can survive a little while, and who knows how long he can survive. he can cause a great deal of damage during the time he can survive. i think it will affect the region. for the united states specifically, again, i hate to come back to this, but we want the united states to focus on this and we know they're not. if people keep hearing who do we like better, al qaeda or quran? if iran is the problem, iran is the problem. i see iran benefiting from this and i see more regional turmoil. that is the cost. >> what would be the american response, and you believe there could be a coup that would replace bashar al-assad with a military general, and would that give policymakers

[unintelligible] >> i believe that is absolutely the u.s. policy. secretary clinton said we are waiting for a coup. we will continue to wait while people are massacred on the ground. hopefully, things get bad enough for the assad regime that another family will put a bullet in his head. the secretary of state said she thinks it is coming. this is the thing. a coup is essentially not a change of power. it is a change of power from the a saud family to another ally. this is not going to be successful for the syrian opposition or qualitatively different for us. they may find it at some point useful to be done with the a saud. -- assads.

at some point, you may offer the opposition 40% of an irrelevant parliament and the west will wipe its hands of this dirty business. passion be acceptable to us. >> what i would like to do now -- that should be unacceptable to us. >> but like to do now is thank everyone who has participated as well as the syrian council that has come all this way. i should say, i am not assyria expert. i'm just a humble moderator of but whenever i want to learn what is going on in syria, i always turn to the analysis, published essays and four blocks of the panelists here today and i would encourage all of you to do likewise.

thank you very much. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2012] >> on good news makers," -- on "newsmakers," a look at education and job training. that is at 6:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> if all of us decided at the same time to tighten our belts and spend less, i guess what? we all and the poorer because all of our spending falls at the same time. this is the type of stuff we're supposed to know. this is the stuff we have known since the 1930's. if everybody stops spending at the same time because we of too

much debt, it is self-defeating. >> who is going to tell them the truth? we have to tell them the truth. if we do not tell them the truth, then our country fails. we must succeed in this and we will ts they covered the netroor panel. watch them on line at the c-span library. >> today is the 40th anniversary of the law called title ix. the law requires gender equity in every educational program that receives federal funding. a hearing this week by the

senate health, education, and labor committee the to the impact of title ix of the years. >> the committee will please come to order. over the past century, women have made remarkable strides for equal rights and for his patient in society. we now take for granted the idea that any girl can grow up to become a doctor, lawyer, famous tennis player. or the head of the coast guard. whenever she wants to be. today, american leadership on the issue is unmatched anywhere around the grove -- glove. there was a time in our country when we could not envision this kind of progress. the passage of title ix, the

higher education act of 1972, a truly open the door for women in the world of sports and work force -- and the work force. we are here to celebrate the represent -- success of title ix. title ix states that no person on the united states shall be excluded from a position in or be denied the benefits of or subjected to discrimination under any discrimination -- program receiving financial assistance. very simple, very straightforward. let me _ two things. it is gender neutral. it insures equality for men and women. title ix applies to any program or activity receiving assistance. this means that everybody gets a chance to take the course of study that they wish, youtuber dissipate in athletics, to study -- it is commonly believed

that title ix only applies to athletics, but that is not the case. it applies to all activities receiving federal funding. we all benefit from gender equality, and the highest- growth, highest-wage careers today, critical to our success and security, are the same that were traditionally off limits to women before title ix's passage. that has changed radically. according to the u.s. department of eight -- education, girls are taking a science and math at higher rates than boys and doing better in the subject. those -- a percentage of women receiving a doctorate degrees in alston fields -- science, technology, education, mathematics -- has rid bridging written -- risen steadily since 1972. today, 1/4 of career and tech students are women.

to state the obvious, by dumping our potential topple into all disciplines, careers, and sports, -- talent pool into disciplines, careers, and sports, we have benefited. we would hear from a panel of witnesses. we will discuss how the world has changed for women since title ix's passage. we have seen many firsts. the first woman supreme court justice. the first woman in space. the first woman speaker of the house. outstanding scientists, business executives, and military officers, are not only role models, -- four women and girls, but role models for all of us. title ix has so much in common with the great civil-rights laws of the 20 century, including the cigarettes act of 1964 and the americans with disabilities act. these are about opening --

ensuring fair and equal treatment for every member of our american family. with that, i allow the other opening statement. >> this is one of my favorite days of the year. i get to the famous people. those famous people have opened the doors so that generations to come will have a lot more famous people -- famous women. i am and little bit intimidated by you. i was part of the rocket boy generation. we found that we were way behind and, meeting and asked not is particularly a pleasure. i get to see our famous summer here. that is always exciting. i do come from wyoming, which was the first day to allow women to vote. they did that while we were still a territory. they were hoping to increase the number of voters so that we could become a state.

[laughter] there is more to the story though -- when we did apply for statehood, they said, you can be a state as long as you take away that right for women to vote and own property. to the credit of that off-mail legislative body, they said we would rather not be a state and waited a while for statehood. when it happened, we had the first woman judge, first woman governor, first woman councilman, first woman most everything. the first woman to own a bank. i am pleased -- i feel that title ix fits in with the wyoming tradition. i feel is one of the most important -- we need only look at the statistics, opportunities

for women over the past 70 -- 40 years. in 1975, gingrey attainment by man exceeded that of women. now, men -- women exceed man. women receive more than 60% of bachelor's degrees and more than half of doctoral degrees. any discussion of title ix is not complete without discussing its opportunities for women in athletics. only 295,000 women participated in high school sports in 1972, compared to 3.6 7 million boys. that was just 7.4% of all athletes. since then, a presentation in women's sports has grown exponentially. today, up 3.7 5 million girls debate in sports. despite this, we cannot afford to be complacent.

we to graduate more engineers, scientists, and mathematicians if we're going to continue to be the world's technological leader. that is where i see the greatest possibilities for young women. young women perceive far fewer jobs in stem-related fields. we need to do more to achieve progress in that area. our witnesses are four extraordinary individuals who have mark -- remarkable achievements. each of these women represent what congress sought to achieve when it passed title ix -- to make sure women and girls have the same opportunities to succeed that men have enjoyed for decades. these four women not only make sure, they take advantage of these opportunities, they became leaders and rawls, encouraging a moment to live up to their potential. i'd look for to hearing from each of you, and i encourage you to encourage even greater achievements and future generations of women. thank you. >> we usually only have

statements by cheer and -- chair and rent a member, but since she has been such a leader for her adult life, i would like to recommend -- recognize you for a statement. >> thank you for your extra courtesy here today. we're celebrating the 40th anniversary of the passage of title ix. we celebrate those who led the fight in the house and our colleagues here in the senate. in 1972, i never thought i would have warm thoughts toward richard nixon, but here we are today. i think we need to acknowledge president nixon's leadership in moving the title ix legislation forward. without his support, i do not believe it would have passed. title ix is one of the most important pieces of legislation advancing opportunities for women. often the biggest press goes

around sports achievement, but title ix was meant to open doors and establish parity in terms of the field of education. along with that would be participation in college athletics. in 1972, women were not in many universities. harvard, princeton, johns hopkins were all male and mostly all white. women were not included in protocols at the national institutes of health. whenever a woman achieve something, she was viewed as a celebrity rather than as a scholar or an outstanding athlete. so much has changed. today we would hear from the founding mothers of -- the first to be able to reap some many of these -- a move some many of these advances for. every one of them has an

incredible personal narrative, and we support them. billie jean king. i remember the famous tennis match. we saw you give the word love a new meaning in terms of that challenge. i also remember, as a move the legislation forward, you'll appreciate this, dr. jameson. dr. edgar berman testified, a wonderful man, 21st century science, but 19th century attitudes toward gender. he said women should not be in any of this because we have raging hormones. i said, in my own way, i have raging hormones because of guys like you. [laughter] we are beyond raging hormones. we are beyond celebrity status. we're in the achievement status. thanks to this, women are no longer viewed as novelties when

they make achievement. there are no longer viewed as celebrities when they achieve things. they are viewed as athletes, scholars, positions, scientists, superintendents' of one of our great government institutions, the coast guard academy. the admiral is a maryland woman. we are very proud of that. we are proud of the fact that, -- one woman was denied a back to teaching position, said it to be too bossy for women. we do not put up with that. i do not put up with it. i am bossy. dr. sanders began to organize under the aegis of title ix. my colleagues have outlined those. we are very proud of you. you were the founding mothers.

you did break the glass ceilings. often, when we think of being the first for a long time, you were the only. but because of your legacy, you were not only the first, but there are the many. thank you for what you did, thank you president nixon, and thanks to everyone responsible. >> thank you very much, senator mikulski. we go to our panel's -- panels. will go from left to right. billie jean king. one of the all-time great professional tennis players. she has won 71 singles, 21 doubles titles, and a record 20 wimbledon titles. she achieved the world's highest-ranking five times between 1966 and 1972, and held a place in the top 10 for a total of 17 years. she has a history of promoting social change and equality for women. she founded the women's tennis association, the women's sports

foundation, the women's tennis magazine, and co-founded an environmental and -- initiative for the sports industry. in 2009, she was awarded the presidential medal of freedom, the highest civilian honor. she was the first female athlete to be honored with the medal of freedom and was presented with the or by president obama. we would hear from professor nancy hogshead, a three-time gold medalist of stunning. she has testified before congress numerous times on the topic of gender athletics. as co-share of -- she is co- chair of the american bar association committee on the rights of women. she's received awards for her commitment to athletics, including being listed as "sports illustrated" magazine as one of the most influential people in the 35-year history of title ix.

she received an award and the alliance of women coaches in 2012. we're joined by may carol dennison, a chemical engineer, a physician, a scientist, a teacher, and astronauts. she was the first african- american woman to travel into space on the space shuttle endeavor in 1992. in 1993, dr. jameson founded her own company, the jamison group, that researches and develops science and technology. she's appeared on a variety of tv shows, including "star the next-generation." she holds honorary doctorates and was elected into the international space hall of fame. our final witness is the superintendent of the u.s. coast guard academy. she previously served as a director of research and leadership that coast guard headquarters here in d.c., where she was responsible for developing policies to recruit, train, and support 8100 coast

guard reservists. her personal awards include three legion of merit medals, four service medals, two co- starred commendation medals, and two coast guard achievement medals. we thank all of you for being here today, for your lifetime -- your statements we made a part of the record in your entirety. we'll go from left to right. if you could sum up in five or six minutes. and will get into a discussion. ms. king, we start with you. please proceed. >> i want to thank you, chairman harkin, senator mikulski, distinguished senators that are also here. >> they come in and out. >> is a privilege to be here with the other witnesses. it is such an honor. it is a privilege to testify

before you this morning as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of title ix. title ix is one of the most important pieces of legislation of the 20th century. the 37 words which comprise a language of the amendment are powerful enough to change our society and provide opportunities in the classroom and on the athletic stage for countless young men and women. ix studentitle athlete. when i attended california state college at los angeles in the 1960's, we were still a full decade away from the enactment of title ix. financial assistance was available for all athletes and tennis players, but only for the men athletes and tennis players. two of the top men's tennis players were attending college

down the road from a. stan smith was at a full ride at usc. arthur ashe had a full scholarship at ucla. even though i was arguably the best tennis player at cal state and had already won a wimbledon title, i was not receiving any rental assistance. i did have two jobs. one of which was handing out gym equipment in the locker room. i thought i was living large. men and women did not have equal opportunities. i'm very thankful to the people who made title ix's. they're my sheroes and my heroes. the efforts of edith greene and the senator who presented title ix to the senate. congresswoman patsy mink, senator ted stevens, and many others pave the way for us to

right this wrong. when title ix was signed into law, by president richard nixon on june 23, 1972. sep -- so often people think title ix is just about athletics, but the amendment is about education and equal rights. just a little more than one year after the passage of title ix, i play bob briggs in a much- heralded match in texas. this event, called the battle of the sexes, may have been a tennis match, but to me it was about social change. i wanted king riggs to change the hearts and minds of people to be more closely aligned with the legislation of title ix. i was afraid that if i did not win it would give people a reason to weaken title ix.

it was definitely a pressure- packed moment, and it crystallized my belief that pressure is a privilege. at stake in a moment to look of the progress we have made in the last 40 years since the passage of title ix. -- girls presentation in sports has gone from -- in women's collegiate programs, it has increased more than 500%. tremendous progress has been made since 1972. the women's sports foundation i founded in 1974 has been the guardian angel of this legislation. all of dread -- all of us care so deeply about title ix and the protection of legislation because of the tremendous benefit it brings to education and sports, specifically in terms of impact on health,

emotional and economic growth. we know we must remain committed to keeping girls in the game. today, there are 1.3 million opportunities for girls and boys at the high-school level. it is very simple for me. girls and boys cannot play if they do not have the opportunity. we must remain committed to providing access and supporting athletic activity for all our children. at its very core, title ix is about the issues which this committee deals with every day -- health, education, labor, and the teacher of this nation. it is about -- the future of this nation. it is about health, and giving our children committed to reversing the obesity trend. it is about education, because children who participate in

sports and civil activity performed better academically. it is about the workplace, because we know that boys and girls who are active and bridges appeared in sports build confidence, leadership skills, which will help them succeed in life. it is about our future, and getting more girls and boys to participate and succeed. the health of our nation is depending on us to do the right thing. i would just like to take a moment. as you know, the senator was instrumental in writing and championing title ix. wherever the statute has been challenged, he has continued to champion its intent, to insure that girls and boys look forward to the benefits of education. in 1971, he wrote title ix, just one sentence, and in his honor i would like to submit to the committee for public record the

senator's own words of how important he knew title ix was when he wrote those 37 words in 1971. it is just as important now. the senator was inspired by his late wife, who educated him about discrimination against women in higher education. after her experience been told by the university of virginia that women need not apply. he was inspired by his father, the superintendent of physical education for the d.c. school systems for 30 years. one morning, in 1940, at the family breakfast table, he told his daughter and son that he was going to be testifying before congress that day. what are you going to tell them, daddy? he said, i will tell them that little girls need strong bodies

to carry their minds around, just like little boys. thank you for your time and thank you for your dedication to the celebration of title ix. >> thank you, ms. king. a little history lesson. i did not know that. in 1940. very impressive. >> thank you for reminding us about senator ted stevens. he played an important role. our experience has always been that senator stevens was a great champion for women. he -- that is not a notch as a chad. >> thank you for-. -- reminding us. >> thank you, mr. chairman. thank you, chairman harkin and ranking member lindsey -- distinguished senators. title ix expresses the nation's

commented -- collected at aspiration of relief that girls and boys deserve equal educational experiences and opportunities. today's world is almost unrecognizable from the 1972 lands, except for perhaps trump razors -- trailblazers like billie jean king. i speak as a direct beneficiary of title ix, also as a professor of law and the senior director of advocacy for the women's sports foundation. also is apparent, of both a son and twin daughters. -- as a parent of a son and twin daughters. i'm so proud of being able to represent my country in the 1984 olympics. i'm so proud of earning a full scholarship. make no mistake, i earned it. getting up before clarke 40 5:00 a.m. from seventh grade into graduating from high school -- 04 o'clock 45 in the morning from seventh grade until the end of high school.

if you ever doubt whether a work that you do impact people, look at my life and the lives of millions of girls and women who have been able to not only as a lawyer and a professor i can tell you title -- title ix has been challenged every way imaginable. the lawsuits and challenges have gone on. i am hoping with this celebration of the 40th anniversary that will be over and we can move to figure out how to fully implement the law. title ix is overwhelmingly supported by public opinion.

the three polls tell a very consistent story. 80% of men, women, democrats, republicans, independents, young and old are all very supportive of title ix. we linked education with athletics to make a better men and better citizens. it turns out that the intuitive believe turned out to be true. we have a lot of academic research. what is the affect of the sports experience on a proposal life? from pregnancy to academics to osteoporosis to breast cancer to behavior's like cutting and binge drinking. what we know is that a sports experience is one of the most important things a broken have in terms of her lifelong health,

her economic productivity in the country. sports has now made -- it has done its job in terms of showing why we spend our tax dollars on athletics. we know athletics alone uniquely benefit kids, both boys and girls who play their sports. there are other areas that -- let me touch on two things. when is pregnancy and sexual harassment and assault. title ix applies to both of those. we have seen a bunch of changes in those areas. sexual harassment in particular is a big problem. more than half of all girls and 40% of boys report being sexually harassed. two thirds of college students

found some form of sexual harassment. of monday, lesbian, transgendered students, and harassment is even more prevalent. 85% reporting verbally harassed. i could go on to different areas. as a parent i want to say that i am disturbed right now at how title ix is used to be a technical compliance or blamed for why they have to tell the boys know. my son is 11 and my twin girls are five years old. when they were bored his lifestyle went down. -- when they were born his lifestyle when down. he had to share his resources with a larger pool of people. right now the number of boys and girls knocking at the door saying, we want to play.

the number of kids that are knocking at the door far exceed school's ability to be able to comply. when they tell the boy no, it is almost always because of title 9. i think this is an unethical way we talk about this. i am very concerned and girls lag behind men in every measurable criteria whether it is participation opportunities, how they get treated, their equipment. every way possible. because sports is one of the only sexually segregated areas. it is not to send a powerful message to those athletes in the softball program like getting the same facilities, it sends a message to the math program and the student body generally into our entire public. they can see it is the one place we sex saturday, we treat girls much less.

-- sex separately, we trigger as much less. it is clear that the school is engaging in formal discrimination in itself. looking forward at the woman's sports foundation we are busy answering 40 calls a month. many families are trying to get equitable treatment for their daughters. we have to empower them to help schools overcome without litigation. right now we know that however you slice of the pie whether or not you are looking at the economic -- the resources that the school has, the different regions in the country. whether you up by state or by urban and rural, suburban or town, girls get less. girls in the main have twice the sports experience is that boys and florida do. how much sports kids want, a lot

of it has to do with what is offered. what is provided there. we have the stubborn -- it does not matter how you slice the pie, and girls are getting less. we're trying to do something about it. litigation is not the answer. the case law is very clear. we have had tons of litigation. it is not economically smart to do. instead we have to have the department of education for the office of civil rights compliance reviews that are on a region or state level rather than what is termed -- getting one school -- it needs to be a bigger regional area. it is time to pass the high school sports data transparency act. all students should be protected

from sexually rejects sexual- harassment and bullying. i want to thank you for the opportunity and i look forward to your questions. >> great. now we will turn to dr. jemi son. >> i really wanted to live for allowing me to testify today on the 40th anniversary of title ix. as we heard from each spoken, this landmark legislation has changed our lives here in the united states. what i am going to do in addition to really thinking some of the people who continue to make it happen -- i would have to think the american association of university women for bringing me here this week. what i want to do is to jump right into things and talk about something very important to me.

is how title 9 has affected stem programs. i want to use that in the lens of the space program as well as some of the other things that have happened over the past years. i was really honored to have the opportunity to be the first woman of color in the world to have flown into space. this mission between the united states and japan, i met with a strong responsibility to fly on behalf of those who came before me and who because of gender or race said they did that the opportunities i now have. i was also aware in many ways i was making this fight on behalf of others who were come after me. others who with hard work and determination would be able to achieve their dreams without the barriers of prejudice and misrepresentation. i really imagines dr. sally ride who each shattered part of the space program barrier, i

think they felt the way that i did. we all grew up at a time when there were no women in the space program. even as a child i was aware of the lack of inclusiveness. in the 1960's on the south side of chicago i remember being so excited about space exploration. there was always one type of person and earth orbit or in mission control and they did not look like me. even though as a country we would probably rally in return for the space program, so money of us felt left out. when i finally did fly in space the first nasa from earth from orbit for chicago, i had been working on the mid deck. i was called up and there it was. it was such a significant moment. looking out the window of the shuttle i thought about the little girl who grew up on the south side and i knew she would have a big grin on her face. this nation are now, we accept

women in space as your team but that was not the way before title ix. in 1959, donald flickinger and randolph lovelace wanted to test women. when they started testing these women, they had women pilots who had more flight time than a lot of the male astronauts. they did incredibly on these tests. the exact same tests men had. 68% of women passed with no medical reservations compared to 56% of the men. they were considered that they should be there. in 1962, just even the testing of them stopped. this is not meant to be a store that is construed about who is

better, men or women, it is a story about how different the american space program would have been if title ix had been in effect in the 1950's. is a story about how different the course of american science, technology, engineering, medicine, art, literature, sports -- how different it would have been if title ix was in place. i want to talk about the impact of title ix. the impact is, when we had a lack of educational opportunities, it permeated everything. we would see that grows did not have expectations they would do better. they thought of themselves as only being able to be full-time wives, mothers, secretaries, teachers. we never had somebody say men should be a full-time father is. that is another question. we have to understand that title ix changed expectations women

have of themselves. a few months ago the bare facts of science was released. it was a survey of the nation's top 200 universities. what they saw was -- we saw something very surprising. i take away from that is a story that says a failure of university departments understand their role in making sure women succeed is important. whene chair's own account, students arrive the best prepared academically to succeed if they graduate in fewer numbers. people throw this away. other studies have shown that people assume that women and boys are different in terms of their capacity to do science and mathematics. study after study shows that is not the truth. when we look at it scientifically we see it grow

forgiving -- given drafting class is a mix a difference. some of the things i have seen in the studies reflect my personal experiences. i was the first and only grow in my high school to take drafting class is. she asked, is this a joke. it was important for engineering and mathematics and going into mathematics and engineering school. i had an opportunity to participate in the jr. engineering technical society program. this was a program that exposed urban students to engineering. i give you an opportunity to think, yes, i can participate in this. what i went to stanford and 60- years of age, it was lucky i went beyond because i have the arrogance of a kid going off to college in california. -- 16 years of age. some of my professors did not seem to want me there. i must acknowledge that for the

record, i value my stanford experience. i consider it the best engineering and science university i could have attended. i regret to say i may have earned that degree in spite of, not because of my professors. finally, i was given a lot -- i had given a lot of if permission in my written statement. i want to tell ya still look back at the inclusiveness. i know it is important from the international science -- grows always apply in higher numbers than boys because they say, it is dr. j.'s cancer i can participate. to my new project, a mission looking at how do we make sure humans have the capability in the next 100 used to go to another store system. fundamental was including women in the program, inclusiveness. that is fundamental.

finally, i want to introduce somebody who is sitting behind me. he is going to be biomedical engineering professor at rutgers university. is one of those things where she benefited from title ix. it is important that you look back and you look forward making sure that people are around. i wear a brace led all the time that says "reality leads fantasy." the reality we crave for children today will determine the fantasies they call for tomorrow. thank you. >> good morning. i am the superintendent of the u.s. coast guard academy. it is a pleasure to be here today to talk about the triumphs

of title ix. i'm a star by thanking the many women who went before me on whose shoulders i stand including the remarkable woman to my right. female athletes and the members of the coast guard would impose a reserve, and all the women and men who supported seminal legislation that offered women like me opportunities never before available. i am continually thankful to be -- to have been born at the right time to benefit from title ix. by the time i entered high school title ix had been in place 40 dead years and i participated as an active member of the basketball and field and track teams. it's shaping focus me and give me the confidence to realize that your perseverance and hard work that could pave my own way to success. winning the state championship was a life changing experience for me, and i am confident it is what motivated me to set my sights high and help distinguish me when applying for admission to the coast guard academy.

receiving a high school education written science and math also played an important role in preparing me for success in life. my father was a scientist and as a young girl i always dreamed of becoming a biologist, zoologists, ornithologist, or anything ending in ologist. i built my confidence with induction into the national honor society and graduating in the top 5% of my class. when i was a junior in high school the coast guard academy that the federal armed service academies and opening their doors to admit women for the first time. in 1978 i entered the coast guard academy as a member of the third class of women. although the academy was open to women at the time, varsity sports had to be started from scratch. i graduated from the coast guard academy in 1982. 30 years later i have the

distinct honor and privilege of serving as superintendent of my all modern. i benefited greatly, the real success story is evident in the achievements of the young woman who comprise one-third of the cadet corps. they earn stem degrees and participate in sports and the same proportion of their male counterparts. i am very proud of our women's varsity sports teams. this year our woman pose a volleyball team won the conference championship. our women's varsity crew placed seventh in the ncaa rowing championships. that was led by all-american sarah jane otey, a scholar athlete who has been nominated as the ncaa woman of the year. finally, our woman was a softball team led by hayley

feindel placed third in the ncaa regional tournament. when the coast guard academy admitted women in 1976 the decision was made to offer women parity with men in a significant matter beyond academic majors and sports. women were offered access to every out projects specialty available to a man in the coast guard. this fostered a health a culture of inclusion and equality versus the perception that women are less capable of performing the more demanding roles. i am thankful that the coast guard and the coast guard academy provided me call access from the very start as opposed to some of the other service academies that were excluded by the laws and that sort of thing. i am opting for for the coast guard academy that they provided me equal access read from the start through hard works, it was a natural progress

of that a woman like me could rise. i am proud to see young women and men graduating with confidence and competence from the coast guard academy's. although tidal nine benefited me and provided me the opportunity necessary for successful personal and professional life, i am most painful for its lasting impact on successive generations of young women who will someday replace me looking forward. i want to -- i want to close by thanking the committee for offering this chance to reflect back. title ix had a positive impact. we worked hard for those who gave as these opportunities to reflect back with banks for what they did and to look forward with conviction to do our part to make this great nation even

better for the next generation. thank you for the opportunity to testify today. >> i have to leave to go to another hearing. i would like to thank you for convening this. >> if you have some questions go ahead. >> what i just wanted to say was, first of all, thank you for convening this. rather than a self congratulatory retro look at what has been accomplished, i think the panel has laid out very interesting data, statistics, recommendations on where we are, but the experience of growth in our society. also, for the boys as well. i think in the area of stem education where there is such a crying need for talent in our country, you heard dr. jemison talk about the work of one of

our professors that improve graduation rates and not only stem education generally but also in computer science, which we are running a shortage and. i think there is a lot here to not only be retro but to look ahead particularly in what this means. i nt to comment on whatadmiral stosz, i would like to direct questions at you. i am on the board of visitors of the naval academy. now that women are being admitted, the question is, graduation rates. one of the things we have heard from other service academies, i wonder if you have experienced or observe this in your career. one of the predicted rates of success is if a girl has high- school athletic experience. high-school athletic experience, even if it was intramural, still

when she came was physically fit for the rigors of a military academy, but also had this attitude of competition. get out there, play, do not be afraid of losing the ball or whatever, all the kind of sports things. in sports even if you make a mistake, you go ahead. i wonder of the coast guard academy, had this in the correlation of graduation rates and what makes a successful neighborhood coastguard mariner here. >> to read. -- thank you. >> not only their sats course, but what they did in field hockey. >> we have not done an analysis on the high school background of our young women cadets. that is an intriguing question.

our women to graduate at about the same percentage of their male counterparts do. i can get to the exact numbers. most of our young cadets coming into the coast guard academy has strong background in athletics. 80% of our cadets participate in the diversity sportster club sports of the coast guard academy. we will get back to you on the exact graduation rates. people take it for a look at the research behind the varsity sports in high school. a predictor for success at the academy, we have not done that. >> can i add something? there is some great research by an economist at wharton by betsy stevenson. what she looked at was the generation just before and after title ix. the rates of participation flew up credit way. i provided in my formal

testimony those graphs. she was able to look at the different states -- provide different amount of sports. by teasing out these numbers she was able to show that sports is not just associate with more education. it is not just associated with it. it actually causes more education and causes grows in particular to go into non- traditional careers, things like stem, law school, medical school. knowledge that, but being employed and working full time. -- not only that but being employed and working full time. we have all of the data necessary to say sports are a very good investment in our public dollars. what it means for our country to be competitive as he said for the rest of their lives. it is the number one prevention of the kobe city -- is the number one thing you can do as a

youth that will prevent obesity for the rest of somebody's life. yet we have more schools are not providing sports at all. in the last 10 years it went from 8% of all schools not providing sports to 15%. we still have huge gaps. think about being admissible into the coast guard or into stanford university here if sports participation is associated with these things and we are giving rose 1.3 million fewer of these opportunities and high school. >> thank you. i know my time is up and we will continue conversation and other questions. thank you for the challenge of what we need to do. >> i want to thank the entire panel. i will start around 5 minute questions here. i think one of the important things that was stated this morning and it should be repeated often is, because women

gained under title ix, men did not lose. that has been what a lot of court cases have been in doubt. if you look at the data, in 1972 women share in ph.d. is was 11%. in 2006 it was 40%. in high school athletics -- this is where you get the idea that women gain, men lose. in 1972 school year, and high school, only 294,000 girls participated in high school sports compared to 3.6 million boys. in 2010 and 2011, the number of female athletes has increased to 3.2 million. manson and increase as well of 4.4 million male high-school students. both gained.

in 2010 and two dozen 11, 193,000 females participated, a sixth time increase. men went from 170,000 to 256,000. there was a gain there, also. it is not so that simply because women gained in sports that the men lost. the second thing i would want to ask you is, let's look at sports. i want to get to stanford. i have been embroiled in trying to encourage more physical exercise and schools. kids in elementary school, middle school. some kids do not take too competitive sports very well.

i do not care how hard i try, i could never be a tennis player. i could never be a swimmer like you. there is nothing i could ever do to do that. i do not have this attributes. i can do a little bit of this for a little bit of that. address yourself to -- competitive sports versus noncompetitive exercise for all kids in school who may not be able to engage in a competitive sport but need exercise at an early age in school so that they can stay healthy all their lives. heavy factor that in at all? >> it is all about exercise. my mother just turned 90 years old. one thing she always has is -- you have to keep moving or it is over. she always reports to me every evening when i call her. i have had that mantra.

i also have a younger brother who is a professional baseball player who played most of his career as a relief pitcher. she and i are always moving. it is not important to be in a competitive environment, although i think it teaches you lessons of life and how to succeed. the most important thing is to get them to dance, get them to walk, get them to run, get them to play. play is very important. we know now, i am on the president's council for of fitness sports nutrition. some of the things i have been learning is that if you get a child or young people to move even one minute -- if you get circulation going, if they will exercise 20 minutes before they take a huge exam they do better. is very obvious when you think about your circulation getting oxygen to the brain. i will defer to people over

here that have a better education than i do in that area. is so obvious that that works. it helps everybody academically. it teaches them all kinds of things. you do not always have to be a super competitive athlete. >> i went to a small country school. we had 15 minutes in the morning, half of our lunch. we had to go outside and do something. that was every day. the figures we have in this committee's is most kids in america get less than one hour of p e or any exercise per week. >> they are supposed to have one hour five times a week. >> i think so. >> that is the recommended time. >> i have been rolling this around my head. perhaps we should look at this in terms of sports. if you are playing against somebody, it is a basketball --

did not get me started on football. that type of thing. maybe sports ought to be something else that the ball's just exercise and getting your arena, to engage in that kind of a sport. maybe that will be redefined a little bit. >> a lot of video games are creating more and more exercise. they're figuring, if they are going to look at the screen, if we can get them to exercise it will work. we are working together with the different companies. >> i was wondering if i could throw in something that actually ties stem and arts and all that together. one of the best questions at was ever asked was, a little girl asked me -- everybody danced a lot when i was in high school and college. she said, how did dance copy

with the astronaut program. everyone laughed at her. the reality is, what you get from trying to dance very hard and other things, it is disciplined. that discipline and commitment made it easy to go through for example what you have to do in medical school where you have to practice over and over again, the same kind of practice to do in the astronaut program when you are training for something. sometimes it is the discipline, the physicality to it that also becomes one of those issues to see with girls, it is a physicality of doing things where you do not just a pretty all the time and sweating, you are doing all those other things. i think it is a combination of things. it has an impact of obesity to other things are interested in. very far reaching in terms of how we see ourselves as humans and the confidence we develop. its application to other things that are not directly

associated. >> i would like to put a push in for educating and turning those young people at the elementary school age in sports and academics so we can develop them so we can be qualified to enter applicants and to the federal service academies. truly having the athletic ability and being healthy enough for them to serve their nation should volunteer to to so, that is an a -- that is important. to answer your first question, should women sports if they rise bring down men's, and our coast guard academy -- if we increased our sub to the one-third of our core size, which have not deleted and the men's programs. we have been committed to finding various funding mechanisms to do that. we just hired our first full

time basketball coach. opportunities without reducing the men's. we require our cadets to do sports because we understand the value of that exercise toward their long-term health and a service and the ability to do their educational activities. you can see cadets on the field and a loosely club sports. >> can i just add that, sports is not for everybody but it is for more children that we are currently serving. most athletic programs could literally double in size. we could add lots of a different kind of sports. we need to make sure kids who are of the bloomers or genetically normal or who are already obese that they still can fit into our sports program.

what title nine does is it compares programs. there is no reason not to have an and -- and yoga, and dance. you would offer those -- it is not one or the other. i think part of what makes stands and what makes athletics valuable is because it is hard. you do really have to commit yourself. you do have to pull yourself out there. i think that is what makes it so good for our country. >> thank you very much. >> i made a lot of notes here. i appreciate the testimony that we got. misses king, i appreciate the impediments that you listed in

there in your testimony. i think some of those impediments are probably for the academic part as well as the athletic part. i will pay some attention to that. i also like to you just said about keeping moving. because of this committee i have done some research and i found that most people who die are retired. the is the usual reaction i get. they retire, quit moving, they die. the ones that keep moving after the retire the do something maybe they wanted to do all of their life, live longer. i appreciate your emphasis on that. i still have some difficulties i guess with my thoughts because i have to go to a aircraft carrier. they wanted me to see the birthing rooms for women.

i that usually the could let them go ashore. i did not realize -- it was shirley me that the accommodations were similar. i probably should have figured that out. i was involved with starting some kids soccer and basketball. we started those programs there were so small the boys and the girls played on the same teams. that has been one of the best things that does happen to sports in our community. when they get older, i can tell

you in a mixed program, they do better. my daughter was in the soccer program. one summer she wanted to start going to summer camps. she is very academic. this one they were supposed to get half academic classroom training in soccer. the other half play soccer. i was pretty sure i made a mistake when i got to the camp and there were people juggling the ball over their shoulder and talking about a shootout they had in kenya or somewhere. at the end of the week when i went to pick her up, she was a little discouraged. she said, everybody at this camp is better than i am. i got to watch her play a little. i said you are now better than every boy in your school. she became allstate. those things pay off. i appreciate the three ease you

had it your testimony. i think it is very important. i can hardly wait to read your book. on friday because of the time change, i can usually get on a plan and be in time to talk to some classrooms. one of the things i talk to them about is the importance of decoding. kids are usually into decoding. i tell them that is actually what reading is. there are so many books out there on so many topics that anything they want to know about the confined in a book if they can learn to decode it. if they did not learn to decode it, somebody else will be reading that book and will be doing much better than them. i also like to ask how many are athletes and if they are reading books about their sport. that helps. it sounds like this could be --

we exchange books them. the time of books i ought to read and i mention books they ought to read. i suspect this is one i will be suggesting that can help grows quite a bit. -- girls quite a bit. i have used up my time. i will 7 some questions for the record. -- sub met some questions for the record. most of the questions came up here while we were doing this and i appreciate of the testimony and answers you have given today. that is what the questions will be about, what the next ups are. i appreciate your comments. i will take a look at that and ask some questions. >> there is only two things to

argue it out in a lawsuit, what are the facts and what is the law. in most cases the facts are really clear. after 40 years of litigation, the law is really clear. we do need the law there in case. one of my favorite lines is, when i am talking to an athletic director is you can either believe me or a federal judge. i am glad to have to have the backup behind me. it is not just my personal good idea that these girls should have the same educational experience that the boys had. >> i think the law is essential and i can appreciate that comment from a law professor. thank you. >> i always recognize an order of appearance, you were here before. if you would like to yield to

senator frank and perry >> thank you. -- frank and. >> i know about the written testimony that you have given carry is inspiring. it must also counter the notion that the stem field is a male only club. womanlike you have long played an important role. women account for only 40% of our science and engineering degrees and 25% of math and computer science jobs. i think the challenges are too great for half of our population to set them out. we have to start thinking outside of the box. what are your thoughts specifically on ways that the federal level to better support grows in india and women in the stem fields. i have heard so many times we learned so many -- lose so many of our gross and middle school. that is the age they are no

longer as interested in math and science as they should be. i have one daughter who has her ph.d. in geology. i know how hard it is to be sure to find all those science programs, after-school activities. there are lots of sports activities, but we also need a lot more science and engineering. what i would like to start off with saying is, what we do to correct and help stem field and achievement for women will also improve stem achievement for males. the first thing we need to do is look at teacher training. teachers who in elementary school where kids get a lot of that zest for life, the enthusiasm they have for what is going on in the world round them, an elementary school that is beaten out of them by teachers who teach by just

looking for the right answers. teacher training is important because most do not take any science class is in college. what they are bringing to bear is whatever their biases and everything were when they were in high school. hands on education makes a difference. can you imagine learning to read without a book to practice on? science you need to do experiments. kids love the bonds, the snails, the stuff. they love it. you have to be able to allow them to experiment because it is about the critical thinking, the confidence you gain when you try something out. that does not mean putting a computer in front of kids and watching things on computers. it means putting the potato plant in the cup, measuring how fast the eyes grow into stems. that is what we need to do early

on. i think one of the other things we have to pay attention to, i do not know how we do this at a federal level in terms of the government, but nationally is to change the expectation of what kids do. we say all the time, we excuse pour accomplishment in mathematics. i am not so good at mathematics of it is ok. that is not appropriate. everybody can do these things. it is a matter of us paying attention to it and making a difference. when we start talking about the loss of talent, yes, when we do not include women and they do not graduate or they do not get involved in stem jobs when there is jobs that require for year degrees or machinists -- if yes, we are losing a lot of talent we have available. there is something just as important. we are losing the perspective

that women bring to different issues. i do not mean in terms of whether they pay attention to what is going on at home or not. it is literally a perspective. people bring different perspectives. i remember in medical school -- when i went to medical school the -- it was not until women were involved we actually started doing lumpectomies. in medical school people try to help with testicular cancer, they would do everything they could to not remove a testicle. it puts into perspective. we have different perspectives to bring to bear. it would be a shame if we lost the perspective. finally, the senator mentioned earlier about people's per se action that folks lose out.

because of title 9, how many nurses do you see that are men before title ix? >> i appreciate you holding the hearing today. is lots of good information. >> thank you. i second that. dr. jemison, in your answer to senator hagen pose a question, he immediately went to teachers. the stem teachers. i think some teachers are really important. -- stem teachers are really important. if you are a really good one, your value on the market place

might be higher than the great english teacher who teaches moby dick. if you have science, technology, engineering, mathematics, skills and talent, your value on the open market is higher. i put a piece of legislation called the stem master teacher corps. that is basically to support excellent stem teachers. it is to give them a little bit of an elevated salary, but also to give them a responsibility to mentor was accomplished stem teachers. so we retain them. we are spending money to recruit them, let's retain some

teachers and our junior highs and high schools. what do you think of that approach? >> i think the approach of having masters than teachers is very important. i will hearken back and go back to elementary school because it is elementary school where kids are still fascinated by science. it is in middle school where they start to fall out. unless they have a really effective science education early on that will not make a difference. most stem education, mathematics, education and elementary school is done by general teachers. rarely do you have a teacher who specializes in stem. i would add on to that that master teachers should be available to help procter, a mentor, augment, provide professional development for

elementary school teachers because that is where we really need to take advantage and exploit the incredible capacity that students have for learning. it is right there you can capture them. and they get through eighth grade, hormones, peabody and they are able to maintain that same enthusiasm. then your master teachers can change the way teachers teaching high school. clucks thank you for that answer. i agree with you. that is a great function for these stem master teachers is to be there for elementary school teachers. i will throw this open to everybody. i once read that the number one determinant of whether ace -- a kid graduates from high school is whether he or she identifies with her school.

this could be through an athletic program, it can be through the dance program, it could be through the chess team, it can be through anything. but it seems like we have put this emphasis on testing and testing and testing. not enough on those kind of extracurricular is that are associated with the school -- for those students who may be their identity, they're feeling of identity with their own school comes through something else. does anybody have comment on that? this is about high school, not college. >> from identifying with the school? >> yes. >> i went to long beach poly, and i loved it because i looked up to the left and some of the homes of scholars and champions.

as i would enter the school it said "entered to learn. it 1/4 to serve." every single day i went to school --go forth to serve." i embraced them. we had great scholars in our school and we have great athletes. the girls, that was a different situation when i attended. now it is much better. can i just asked something about the order that math is taught? i have talked to dr. sally ride who say most countries do math in a different progression. i know i had algebra first.

does that make a difference? >> that is a big discussion -- i love science and math. we know we have to be strong in that area. >> some people teach physics before biology because it is simpler to learn. but you do need algebra to underpin the physics. some people think you can teach algebra much earlier in school. maybe in seventh or eighth grade students are capable of taking algebra and geometry. we do have to go back and really reveal our curriculum and whether some of the ideas we held before are really -- >> i keep hearing other countries teach physics first because it is and everything. i do not know. i am asking you. >> i am asking the questions here. >> sorry, senator.

>> go ahead. >> are you competitive in some way? >> i just have this math question. it drives me crazy. >> you started this teacher thing with these tempting. it got me crazy. >> i can attest they are thirsting for identity in a world filled with more and more choices, not only -- always the direction we would like them to give with targeted teachers when they are in elementary school to develop them early on. the core values and character is we need to see in them when they come to us. they are thirsting to be part of something bigger than

themselves. >> i would echo that the engagement makes a difference. as you have students engaged it makes a difference. i put together a program called "the earth we share." at like to play with that hard age group. they solve problems in teams. fundamentally they appreciate we are asking them to solve problems and asking them to give their answers in front of everybody because that means they are engaged. that individual was a part of the process. it could not have been anyone else and come with the same answer. that is part of the identity we see with recognizing what high schools you went to as well as whether or not you belong to some group doing good. >> i saw that you had a comment. >> i hate to be a killjoy, but let me point to two research

studies that look at athletics. she compared with other activities. your book, debate team, etc. and found sports provided a bond and education that other activities did not. i do not know if it is identity with the school. what more interesting study from duke university looked at men who attend schools with successful football and basketball programs, they actually do worse and school and do not make it up later on in their athletic career. -- academic career. there is a-bump that only affects males. it does not affect females and their grip. average. there are --

at the high-school level, i had not heard that research before. i am interested to dig more into it and see how these other researchers make sense with that. it seems like a very successful football and basketball program for men -- it may provide identity with the school but has a negative impact on their education. >> wow. we have gone well over my time. i blame ms. king. >> i apologize, center. >> you are a hero of mine saw you are forgiven i guess. clocks to be continued. -- >> to be continued.

the crux of what to make clear if you want to ask questions with each other, fine with me. you can even ask questions of me. i am not at all threatened. i am impressed. let me thank you, mr. chairman, for having this hearing. it has been extraordinarily useful. thank you for being here. you are heroes, not only role models for other women and girls but he rose and i want to thank admiral stosz. you and i have seen each other in a variety of occasions and ceremonies. i can attest to the difference to have made in a year at the academy. i want to ask you first of all, what do you think are the most difficult challenges you face and leading that institution in

attracting and keeping and supporting women? what are the lessons you think we can apply to other military academies in that way? >> it is interesting that -- >> it is interesting that you ask that question. that is one of the strong points of the academy. we offer young women a chance to serve their nation as a part of one of the five federal service academies. but in the coast guard, we offer so many various missions, and 11 different broad missions, from law enforcement to search and rescue to marine band in permit the protection. our biggest major for women is our marine and environmental science major. we find that will attract women in huge numbers. in fact, the bulk of our applicants this year in the class of 2016, more than -- more

women than men this year, we find it a wealth of opportunity to reach out to the young women and attract them to the coast guard academy. i guess the biggest challenges with retention come after graduation from the coast guard academy when young women graduate and have to start making these trade-off decisions of marriage and having children and serving our country and moving around a lot. that is where the retention challenges come, when all of these choices come to a very tough decision for young women. >> those are really the same kinds of choices that face women in many different professions. >> yes, senator. >> let me ask you, professor, you know, i have said to people

at various points, because i was attorney general for our state, you can believe me or you can believe it of the judge. i know sometimes you have to tell someone that. i wonder whether you have found that enforcement by the federal government has been sufficient. as you know, as a professor of law, any law is only as good as the enforcement of it. what would be your judgment on how well federal or other authorities are doing? >> if you get a good investigator, you can get a really good result. many times, ied denied it a good investigator or, after a complaint is filed, the two parties come together, the school and the ocr and the school have some, a mamie excuse

-- that is a legal term -- about why this -- have some khamene cockamamie excuse -- that is a legal term -- about why they're doing this. but in terms of enforcement, having the department of education and the office of civil rights to go in and get an entire region, go and get an entire state -- forget this one- by-one school. we have too many that would do not have the resources for. let them get compliance reviews and then have the school come and say here is our defense or here's why we're not giving boys and girls the same amount. >> so a broader enforcement approach. >> a broader enforcement approach. yes.

there is a guy that has been previewed in several magazines named herb dempsey. he is a retired guy could he has gone around and done this what the mall -- done this whack-a- mole type of thing. and he is tired of it. we need to give them the resellers as -- we need to give them the resources. i used to be sympathetic to schools. gosh, that is too bad. you did not build the same softball facility as you did for the baseball. hey, 40 years, i'm not sympathetic anymore. you couldn't figure this out in 40 years? it is not new news for anybody ask to what they should be doing. >> thank you. but time is up. i would like to follow-up on this issue. perhaps, we could talk some

more. thank you, mr. chair. >> thank you very much to all of our witnesses for being here. and thanyou very much for holding this. it is amazing that 40 years ago, a mere 40 words open the doors for so many women in athletics in our country today. it was very powerful and it really has delivered some pretty amazing results. when you look at the statistics back in 1972, 7% of high-school athletes were girls. by 2011, it is 42%. we made a lot of progress. but it is not about statistics. it is about real people. i have seen it in my own family. when i went to college, there may have been only one or two opportunities for women. scholarships were not heard of. 15 years later, watching my own daughter go to compete in high

school basketball championships in the entire state, the school had a state convention and my daughter and all of her friends who really succeeded, it is really great to watch. so i am really proud of the progress we have made. but i also know that the work is not yet done. you have spoken a little bit about that today. and we cannot because we need to keep expanding opportunities so that my granddaughter one day will be able to say, and now, here's where we are. that is really why i have co- sponsored bipartisan legislation with senator olympia snowe to strengthen title 9 and to get better results for every grow. it shines a bright light on how high schools are treating their female athletes, making sure that we have good data on the numbers of female and male students and athletes as well so that -- for budgets and

expenditures. so, professor, i wanted to ask you today how have female college students benefited around the college resources from men and women? and what is a problem with not having that data at the high school level? >> you're referring to what is called the equity and -- equity in athletics disclosure act which happened around 1995. you can go on the web site and see what are the opportunities and what the budgets are pin they tell girls before to -- budgets are. they tell girls before they go to the school whether there will be valuing boys and girls sports experiences. it also lets them know whether or not it is fair for them to go

into the athletic department and say i want to start a new sport or for a club team to go in and say we want to be elevated to varsity status. in jacksonville, fla., university of north florida, i went on to the equity in athletics disclosure act and said, these of the numbers i have. unless you show me something different, you cannot cut your program. within a week, it was reinstated. with high school, it is not so easy. parents are typically unsophisticated. for them to get that data for not closing or adding new programs, it is very difficult for them to get that information. the way they are usually given information, most schools to provide boys and girls at the high school level the same number of sports. but the boys' sports have a lot more participation.

so football is 125, baseball is 75, and on the girl's side women will be eight, cross country will be 10. looking at numbers of teams does not tell you very much. that is why we need this transparency at that will avoid litigation and enable families to go win -- to go in. i sat on the phone and try to educate them so they can talk to their own athletic department and explain and get the resources that they need for their girls. >> i served on a school board for many years. parents in front of you is a very powerful thing. information is important. ms. king, would you like to add anything? >> number. we have tried for years to get this passed. we know it is so necessary. >> schools already have the data. and they already have to report to the department of education. this is just making it available

on a public websites of every family can see this information. >> these are the actual individual numbers. >> right. they already know how many kids are playing tennis or swimming or golf or lacrosse. >> ok. we're working very hard on that. i think it is extremely important. i think it is a very important step to make sure that, 80 years from now, we can really celebrate. thank you, mr. chairman. i appreciate this hearing. >> thank you very much. i want to ask about that act. i am glad that you have become a huge sponsor of it. yes, dr. jameson. >> i wanted to ask something in terms of data and transparency of data can sometimes, it comes just not from looking at what we're doing at the united states, but looking at other places. right now, we are comfortable

saying how many women are engineering and thinking, as we hear in the united states, that we're probably best as a class. that is not true. one of the transparencies and data to understand is the culture do impact women strong way. and that by is keeps them from doing things even if they have the programs air -- and that bias keeps them from doing things even if they have the program there. we know we have engineering programs, but how many are women? in romania, 44% of the researchers in engineering and technology are women. if we can start to look at the data, we also need to compare and see if there are other places we can go to start to understand and tease out what that data means and how we respond to it. >> role models like you help.

also, i think that coming in our elementary and secondary education, we need to do more to focus on young women in our great schools, middle schools, to get them involved in more science and engineering. when i was a kid, engineers were men. that was just it. there were just men. and young women did not aspire to that. i think we need to do a better job in early grade school, making sure that they have the right course of instruction, but also the support to know that they can become engineers or scientists or medical researchers. we have not done as good a job as we have done in the past. we have to do better in that area. anything else that anybody wants to add that i didn't ask for didn't bring up for hasn't been said? >> i will say one thing.

the national women's law center releasing something today on pregnancy information for both men and women. it keeps them from their educational activities. pregnancy discrimination is prohibited under title 9, but not many know what that means been if a girl has to have a physician's appointment, i am treating her like i am treating everybody else. in fact, the regulations are pretty clear. you need to treat that the same way you would treat any other short-term disability. no. 2, pregnancy is a special category, even if you don't take care of mononucleosis or a knee injury, you still need to take your pregnancy in a way that is different. but certainly, we need to make sure that women, not just in athletics, but women badly are

able to participate regardless of their pregnant or parenting status. >> did you have anything else? >> thank you, mr. chairman. i might read one sentence that i think is very telling from that report. it is unfortunate for decades after the passage. few are aware that tough line attacks -- tie line protects against discrimination for -- title 9 attacks against discrimination for pregnant or parenting status. >> i had the privilege of working with the n.c.a.a. in the pregnant and parenting policies for schools. a colleague of ours that the

foundation did a story on outside the lines, showing that girls that were pregnant were being forced to have abortions or give up a scholarship. right away, the n.c.a.a. got on it, hired me, and another ph.d. nurse practitioner. we rode up a legal memo and an overall peace. but policies that schools can take out of the material and put in a student handbook to let them know that they don't need to slink away and go off into the future. they're there. the scholarship is protected. and their ability to come back is protected and their rehabilitation is protected. we need to make sure that our biases on what pregnancy tests to woman's body and whether women can still perform -- a lot of coaches think that after pregnancy it is all over.

and it is not. we have vera torres who is a parent and is doing well. there are policies out there, particularly for athletics. >> thank you, mr. chairman. >> i would like to thank each of our witnesses for their excellent testimony. with the trails that all of you have blaze and the work that you do, you are an inspiration to all of us. for me and the entire community, this has been a valuable hearing could it has reminded us of the important events is that timeline has made possible for boys and girls, men and women, and our entire country. we have come a long way since 1972. i am grateful for their thune to reflect on the positive strides we have made on this issue. but also for the reminders that achieving full equality will require continued efforts. we will leave the record and for 10 days. i want to thank my colleagues

for all their hard work on all the important issues we work on in this community. the meeting will stand adjourned. >> thank you. >> thank you very much. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2012] >> tomorrow, he looked at the

obama for america campaign and a look at the strategy with david axelrod and ben holt -- ben labolt. we will take a look inside the chicago headquarters. "wrote to the white house" tomorrow at 6:30 p.m. and 90 p.m. eastern here on c-span. governor's mansion. >> here we have a photograph of brown and his wife and his child brad pitt in what is interesting about him is that -- child brad. what is interesting about him is that it is daughter -- >> book tv in american history tv explore the heritage and literary culture of missouri

state capital, jefferson city. >> there was a boxer governor his horse up the front steps of the mansion into the dining room and proceeded to feed his horse boats out of the sideboard. the comment was that he probably should not be feeding his horse in the governor's mansion command is common to them was that, i have had to feed more people in this home with less manners than my horse has. >> july 7 and eighth on c-span 2 and c-span 3. >> in his weekly radio address, president obama called on congress to pass a jobs bill that he says will create employment opportunities and lead to long-term economic growth. then the republican response by louisiana congressman bill cassidy. he criticizes the obama

administration's health care law, saying parts of their to expensive and that it doesn't encourage job creation. >> over the past three years, we have been clawing our way back from the worst economic crisis of our lifetimes. we know it will take longer than any of us would like to fully recover all of the jobs and savings that has been lost. but there are things we can do right now to help put people back to work, make life easier for middle-class families. i have pushing congress to help this along to make common sense policies that would make sense. like passing a tax cut that would allow working americans to keep more of their paychecks every week. but congress has refused to act on most of the other ideas of my jobs plan that economists say could put 1 million more americans at work. there is no excuse for this kind of inaction. right now, we're seven days away from thousands of american workers have to walk off the job because congress has not passed a transportation bill.

we are eight days away from nearly 7.5 million students seeing their loan rates double because congress has not acted to stop it. this makes no sense. we know that one of the most important things we can do for our economy is make sure that all americans get the best education possible. right now, the an employment rate for americans with a college degree or more is about half the national average. their income is twice as high as have a high-'t school diploma. if you know that higher education is the clearest passed to the middle class, why would we make it harder to achieve it? so much of america needs to be repaired right now. highways are choked with congestion. transportation delays cost america and businesses billions of dollars a year. and there are hundreds of thousands of construction workers who have never been more eager to get back on the job. so why would we let our transportation funding run out? this is a time when we should be doing their thing in our part, democrats and republicans, to

keep the recovery moving forward. my administration is doing its part. on friday, secretary of transportation rate the hood announced $500 million in grants for states and communities for projects like repair and port renovation. that is an important step. but we cannot do all of our own. the senate did their part could they passed a bipartisan transportation bill back in march that has the support of 52 democrats and 22 republicans. now it is up to the house to follow suit. to put aside partisan posturing, and the permit -- and the gridlock, and do the right thing for the american people. it is not lost on many of us that this is an election year. but we have responsibilities they're bigger than an election. we answer to the american people and they are demanding action. let's make it easier for students to stay in college. let's keep construction workers rebuilding roads and bridges. and let's tell congress to do their job. tell them it is time to take steps that we know will create

jobs now and help sustain our economy for years to come. >> hello, i'm bill cassell, a doctor and united states congressman from the state of louisiana. the supreme court will soon rule on the constitutionality of the president's health care law, a law which continues to hurt job creation and damages our economy. not only is president obama's health care not working, but it is making things worse, making it harder for small businesses to hire workers. the only way to change this is by repealing obamacare entirely. unless the court throws out the entire law, we should repeal was left and implement common sense step-by-step reforms that protect americans' access to the care they need from the doctor they choose at the lowest cost. in this tough economy, health care coverage has become too expensive for to many people.

two years ago, washington democrats pushed through obamacare, 2700 pages with promises that it would fix all this. it did not have popular support. it did not have bipartisan support. but the authors insisted that the president's health care law would make health care more affordable. and, of course, americans vote that would be true. instead, it has turned out to be the wrong medicine for out of control health care costs. the law, as an example, will cost nearly twice as much as we were told. people are already paying more for their health care than they were before. and because of health insurance expenses, employers are cancelling plans to expand their businesses, which is to say they will not be hiring new workers. with costs going up and too much uncertainty, there is -- this $2 trillion takeover will have more people pushed out of the plan. the obama administration has tried all kinds of run-of-the-

mill washington tactics to distract from the obamacare failures. it spends millions of taxpayer dollars on public relations campaigns. none of this has worked and now the vast majority of americans want the supreme court to overturn all or part of obamacare. if that happens, it is important to know that republicans will not repeat the democrat mistakes. we will push through a massive -- we will not pass through a massive bill that the americans do not support and we will take our focus off of jobs and the economy. i have practiced medicine for nearly three decades, primarily treating the young -- treating the uninsured. good treatment starts in a doctor's office, not a washington back room. containing costs step-by-step, not expanding government in one fell swoop, is the right

approach to health care reform. families should be booked to make their own health care choices, visit the doctor of their choosing, and receive the health care they and their position feel is best. that means implementing patient- centered solutions that lower- cost and restore america's freedom over their health care decisions. and, again, republicans continue as promised to focus on healthy -- helping small businesses create jobs. the most recent jobs report pegged unemployment at 8.2%, much higher than what white house officials said it would be by now with the stimulus in effect. obama, -- obamacare makes this worse. we should seize this opportunity to protect jobs and work together on a step-by-step reform that will do what obamacare did not do, which is to lower the cost of health care for families and small businesses. this is what republicans hope to achieve and we hope you -- and

we hope to have your support. >> on news makers, john cline, chairman of the education and work force committee looks at the division in congress over issues such as student loans, education, and job training. "newsmakers," sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern on c- span. >> if all of us decide at the same time we will tighten our belts and spend less, i guess what could well end up for because of our spending halts at the same time. this is the stuff we have known since the 1930's. we cannot afford to have everyone slashing spending a the same time because they think have too much debt. it is self-defeating. >> who will tell them the truth? we have to tell them the truth.

if we don't tell them the truth, then our country fails. we must succeed in this and we will succeed in this. we will reach them through the media and through politics and through pop culture. pop culture -- we shouldn't be afraid to get out there and the influence sirs and pop culture, right? >> the c-span networks covered .he panel's watch them on line at the c-span video library. >> this week, on "the communicators," a look at the role of the freedom of the internet on human rights and of the state department keeps tabs on internet freedom. our guest is daniel bair, deputy assistant secretary of state democracy human rights and labor.

>> this week, a look at the internet freedom worldwide. the state department recently issued its annual human rights report. joining us is daniel baer. aer, why is human freedoms included in the report? >> more and more, we see the story of human rights around the world is happening on-line or with new technologies, broadly speaking. when we think about what we associate with human rights, president roosevelt or the declaration of human rights, those rights, the exercise of those rights, whether it is freedom of expression, association and assembly,