respect to the background procedure. one of the things we have said is you do not use extraordinary procedures when regular procedures are available. you do not spend your time arguing whether or not certain follow military advice, giving everybody the same trial, youon the other point i would stress, when we had the al qaeda situation in 2001, we know it was done institutionally. poolroom systemic enemy. for. a lot will be found out as to how this thing did.

the long-term implications are obviously less than is known. >> i concur. we are learning in terms of boston. the first responders, the the fbi, protocols, i have no reason to think there will be any overreaction or breach of normal covert -- protocol's put into place. >> other questions? i will call on the general, because we have had questions on the efficacy of torture as beneficial to the united states unofficialcould you comment? >> first of all, as we approach

the question of what brooder can and cannot produce, it became quickly evident there were many claims made at harsh interrogation, torture, whenever you wish to college, we have run into the euphemism frequently, enhanced interrogation techniques, that this somehow works and is a justifiable means of obtaining information. laura harsh interrogation works and ought to be used, at least in some cases, where there is a particular significant threat that is involved.

the claims that it is effective, thousands of lives, has largely been made in a vacuum. as has been mentioned previously, we did not have access to classified information, particularly through the classified interrogate -- interrogation interrogators, and military interrogators in some instances. important in determining whether the claims that have been made effectiveness of these useful information gained from going to the dark side public record to support the notion that we have been badly misled. by false concessions that have

been derived from brutal huh people will just say whatever can bear. other people become so immune may wish to know. the issue of whether cruelty, torment, torture, is effective, is a question we cannot say in every instance is not nor can we say that it is more means of interrogation. this is an issue that will be senate select committee on intelligence can release the report it releases for those senators and staffers who had actually gone into the an analysis based on that information so far, the reports

for the interrogation had been useful. in conclusion, in 2001, the and strategic interrogations. we had been very successful over a long time in learning how taiz developed that led us to the dark side, many had no experience with the

interrogation and law enforcement and the military and how these are approached. one of the most successful fbi interrogators prior to 2001 is a guy named joe who is noted as having said, -- he is probably one of the handful of strategic interrogator's qualified to interrogate and the brief a high value al qaeda prisoner. joe said, i only need three things. if you give me those, i will get whatever somebody has to say and i will do it without breaking the law. i need a quiet room. i want to know what the rules are. i do not want to get in trouble. third, i need enough time to become that person's best and only friend. if you give me those three conditions, i will get whatever that person has to say, and i will get it quickly and safely

and within the terms of the law. wantn do it well when we to. we need to do more looking at our history to remind us what works and why it worked and not resort to expedient, clever, were necessary. >> other questions, did you have a hand up over here? go ahead. >> thank you for the report. i have two questions. number one. are you planning to have a briefing or hearing on this issue? members of congress on the republican democratic sponsored here. number two. are you planning to meet with people to speak about this to them?

how much of this issue impacts the relationship of the united states and the muslim world and arab world in terms of the image of the united states? >> let it be known, we would be willing to testify and to brief anybody in the administration and congress. it is up to them to invite us. >> thank you. i would like to say i have been very honored to be on this panel and to find out a lot of information throughout the two years that i did not know in such great detail.

it is important to me because one reason i am in this country is because i believe in the ideal of the constitution and of this country. let's not mislead ourselves into thinking that everyone who comes here comes for economic reasons. there are a lot of people who come here for our values. it is our values that we need to keep up. that is who we are. the problem with these issues is that i am now found the out -- finding out a lot as you are. muslim and arab countries, we have heard about these in detail for a while now. many detainees went back and talk. many of these people, children, under 18, and we were found not guilty and released. and they went back and not only

did they talk to families and communities, but some. on television. that is a very uncomfortable position for me, someone who has been working on human rights issues from the world for the last 30 years. to find out that we have a problem with human rights. i have worked very closely on issues of religious freedom. there are also some of these issues that. in guantanamo and other places, as you might have heard. this bothered me a great deal as an american. but you can imagine the situation abroad. i am very concerned al qaeda has seen an expansion. it has been able to expand its forces from initially being in afghanistan and out among all the way to syria and parts of

egypt and so on. i think the more we stand up for her we are, the more we expand our values, the more we are going to gain and give influence and force to the muslim world that believes in us. >> thank you. let me. we have three minutes left before closing. doctor, would you have anything you would like to say? i would like to ask nick if he had anything. he led a terrific team. then asa. >> thank you, jim. for all societies behaved differently under stress. at those times, they may even take action that conflicts with their its central character and values. that is what we did here. we were under stress. we took actions that conflict

with who we are. who we are called to be and who we have committed to be. then we spent about 10 years not being willing to face the truth about it. often by covering what happened with euphemisms and an awful lot of secrets. i believe our detainee task force is revealing where we strayed from our values by shining the light of investigation and analysis on the problem, in the hope the next time we are under that stress, we do not go down the day -- the same road. has been an honor to serve on this panel. >> thank you. >> just in terms of new things, everyone here discussed the general contents of the report, the most important thing.

there are some new points raised in the reports discussion on the role of the international red cross, and the debate inside the organization. we had an interview with the fellow who was the representative from often. we also had an interview with the first commander of the in -- the attention officer in guantanamo, who offered support for the humane face of guantanamo in the early years. he is a navy captain, colonel, and he now teaches at the college, and he relates in our report how he is filled with remorse and regret and feels he was misled and used and is very contrite about what happened and what he did not notice that the time. thank you. >> it has been a great privilege for me to coach here just a disc -- such a distinguished panel appear they were deeply involved. asa, do you want to close it off? >> lifeful -- likewise.

i hope this marks an illustration about how things can work well in washington and our nation, that a group of leaders in a bipartisan and left-right way, can work through a very thorny issue in our country and make a difference and this will set a good path for the future. thank you. >> thank you for coming. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] 9 >> will get the latest on the boston marathon bombings. a former pentagon officials for detainees affairs will discuss what to do with detainees held

at guantanamo bay in the future of the facility. later, tammy baldwin will join us to talk about this and the agenda, including the budget, immigration, and her reaction to wednesday's vote on gun legislation. calls, e-mails, tweets. >> when the war began, congress july, andsession in it issued a statement known as the clinton resolution that articulated the consensus, war goals of the united states, and it was very simple, very clear. the purpose of this war is to restore the union. not, it is not to disrupt the socialist the institution of the south.

everyone knew what that meant. in men not to disrupt slavery. >> the evolution of president lincoln's views on slavery. yesterday the senate held a series of votes on gun regulation. all of the amendments, a measure that would extend a background checks for all gun sales failed to get the needed 60 votes. several of democrats talk about that shortly after it happened. we will hear from first, majority leader harry reid. >> last week when we began debate on this bill, i indicated that the hard part had just started.

we knew all along that this would not be easy. i have enormous appreciation for the hard work done. to try to negotiate bipartisan compromise on background checks. i want everyone to understand this is just beginning. it is not the end. forces at work to defeat this amendment became obsessed, they lost sight of the big picture. the big picture is sometimes made up of little pictures. people like jessica went to watch a movie and was gunned down in aurora, colorado. families i met today from newtown, beautiful little children who were murdered. this is only the beginning.

90% of democrats on the floor stood with 90% of the american people. for expanding background checks. i appreciate very much the handful of republicans who crossed the aisle to stand with us on this commonsense issue, to keep felons and people with emotional problems from having guns. the simple fact is that the overwhelming of senate republicans are ignoring the voices of 90% of the american people. not people from dallas, texas, new york city, l.a., but everyone in america from every state.

time and time again, on issue after issue, i'm sorry to say republicans put their short-term political goals and interests at the interest of mainstream americans. the american people are awake and alert. they are paying attention. they will not stand for this forever. 90% of americans agree expanding background checks to keep guns out of the hands of criminals and terrorists is one of them. today the brand other republican party has become even more out of step, more extreme than it was before. that says a lot. the beginning of this process, on the floor today, i heard some wonky sounding language. what this means is that this issue will not go away.

the people behind me have been hurt physically and emotionally with violence. they will continue working with us. we have not given up. they deserve better. the families deserve better. i pledge to keep them and everyone and assure them i will do everything i can do fight for meaningful background check legislation. the fight has just begun. it will not go away. i will call upon joe from west virginia. he drafted the legislation. this is an extremely good piece of legislation.

joe. >> let me say thank you to and all of our colleagues that voted in support of this. i assure you this is not over. i'm proud of west virginia constituents who have supported me through this. we took time to talk to them. this is a very reasonable approach. i thank my colleagues. everyone came together to try to make this the most balanced approach that we possibly could. we never forgot the sacrifices that have been made for us to be here today. i want to commit to the families. every family of violence, if we can muster up enough courage, one ounce of the clergy they

have shown as they come here to explain to us that they want a commonsense approach preventing criminals and preventing people who are mentally ill and mentally unstable found so by a court not to be able to buy a gun at a gun show, at a gun store, or online. that is common sense. it is not democratic or republican. it is american common sense. we will not quit until we are able to do that. god bless you. >> i want to say thank you to my colleagues. i want to acknowledge the republican to step forward and showed extraordinary occurred on their part, including mark of illinois and senator collins and senator mccain.

those names will be placed on the record for those who stood up for sensible gun safety laws in america. i think jo put it well. the parents who have come here and the family members -- i think joe put it well. the parent to have come here in the family members, we need to find a political courage with the disappointment in this vote today. this is not the end. there is more that we can do and will do. reaching out to convince members who voted the other way today and perhaps in the next election to challenge them. bring the issue forward to the american people. this is worth the fight. we have got to stand up to bring sensible gun safety to america. god forbid what tomorrow's victims will be, but we know they will be there. we have to do everything we can to spare another family from this agree. >> thank you.

let me salute all of my colleagues, particularly joe and the families who have lit a candle. that is a hard, hard thing to do when you go through what they went through. you do not want to get out of bed, let alone come here and argue truth to power, which you have done. it will not be forgotten. it will be helpful. today fear, mistruth, brute, political force won out over what is right. america will be a less safe place because of it. i say to the families, i say to the american people, many cannot understand what is happening here in this capital. don't give up faith. things change quickly in washington. they have changed for gay

marriage. they are changing for immigration. they will change for gun safety sooner than you think. we will win this fight. when the american people are on our side, when wright is on our side, it takes a long time for these wheels of democracy to grind forward, but they will. you families, all of you, from newtown, columbine, and all of you who have come because your son was killed on a street corner, your actions will give us the strength, the courage, and the rectitude to win this fight. we will not rest until we win. >> thank you.

it is such a disappointing and unbelievable vote today. i want to echo senator schumer and saying thank you to the families behind us today for their courage and you mind them that you have made a difference. today is disappointing. but the future is what we are focused on. i want to say thank you to senator reid. there will be others that follow. it makes no sense today that it is easier to buy an airplane ticket than it is to -- it is easier to buy a weapon than it is to buy an airplane ticket. it makes no sense to me. no one should go through what these families have gone through.

i salute them for their courage. i honor them. we will not give up. neither should you. >> i want to begin by saying thank you majority leader reid for his leadership and perseverance. there'll be a lot of hindsighting about when something should have been done and how. i'm proud to stand behind him and his commitment to see this caused through. it means more than i can say. today was a heartbreaker. probably the saddest day of my years in public life. the hardest part was to try to look at these families in the eye and explain to them how 90% of the american people can be on their side of the united states senate failed to reach 60 votes. i have not the word yet.

i do not know what explanation is. but i know as they have said to me, we will be back. what i said to them is, it is not over. they said to me, it is not even close to over. i want to say thank you for their lesson in being resolute and resilient in the face of the law. it is a lesson for all of america here today. it is in this picture, which is worth 1000 words. we will see this caused through. it is not going away. they are not going away. the newtown families will be back. they will give a face and a voice to all of the victims of violence. the 3400 since their loss in december and the many who perished before them. i'm proud to stand with them today. we will make america safer.

thank you. >> thank you senator reid and senator manchin for getting us through this day. it is a sad day and shameful day. it is a day when a republican filibuster stood in the way of 90% of americans. if we need any truer perversion of the the filibuster, we saw today. one mother said, nothing could hurt her now. she had been hurt so deep that there is nothing less that could hurt her deeper. as difficult as the state is for the families in newtown, they will come back, day after day,

week after week, month after month. that is why i know we will be victorious. i do not think we could have gotten the compromise without families. it will be the families that will deliver the ultimate victory for this issue. when some families came down here to lobby after the president's visit to connecticut, one of the mothers held above her head as he got on air force one, a sign that said, "love wins." love may not have won this week, but we know that it will. we know that that nation transformed after newtown. today is a temporary set back. it is one that love will ultimately overcome. >> thank you, everybody.

take a moment later at the white house, the president also spoke about the senate vote on background checks. and i lost our son. our children, james and natalie, they lost their little brother, daniel. he was a first grader at sandy hook elementary school. our sweet daniel, one of 20 children and six adults lost on december 14. in our group, we were supported by the love of our families and corner of the country. what happened in newtown can

happen anywhere in any instant and anyone in america could be in my shoes. no one should feel the pain. no one should feel the pain by thousands of people who have lost loved ones to senseless gun violence. that is why we are here. to weeks ago, we came washington to have a discussion on how to bring common sense to the issue of gun violence. we are optimistic that real conversation can begin that could save the lives of so many americans. we met with dozens of democrats and republicans and shared with them pictures of our children, spouses, parents who lost their with a ratings run the nra.

a commonsense proposal by 90% of americans. the rights of responsible, law-abiding gun owners. disappointed, but not defeated. we returned home with a determination that change will happen. happen. we have always known this will be a long road. we do not have the luxury of turning back. areas of mental health, school we take strength and the children and loved ones that we

lost. we carry a great faith in the american people. on behalf of the sandy hook promise, i would like to say thank you to president obama, vice president biden for their leadership and standing strong safer america. i would like to say thank you to the senators for legislation that would keep guns out of hand and save lives. they stood by us right from the beginning. they were with us. we will not be defeated. we are not defeated. we have no other choice. killeday more people are in this country because of gun violence. stronger. we leave washington hoping that others, both here and across the

country, will join us in making that more senators will takeit begins, our hearts are broken. our spirits is not. thank you. it is now my great pleasure to introduce the president of the united states of america, barack obama. >> good job. >> a few months ago, in response to too many tragedies, including the shootings of a u.s. congressman, gabrielle giffords, 20 schoolchildren and their teachers, we took up the cause of protecting our people from gun violence.

grief summoned the courage to petition to their elected leaders. not just to honor the memory of their children, but to protect the lives of all of our children. a few minutes ago, a minority in the united states senate decided it was not worth it. they blocked commonsense gun reform even while these families looked on from the senate gallery. support universal background checks that make it harderwere

talking about convicted felons, people convicted of domestic violence, people with severe mental illness. 90% of american support that already the law. a few minutes ago, 90% of democrats in the senate voted for that idea. but it is not going to happen is 90% of republicans in the senate voted against that idea. a majority of senators voted yes to protecting more of our citizens with smarter background checks. minorityis continuing was able to block it from moving forward. i will speak lately and honestly about what happened. the american people are trying to figure out how it didn't happen.

we had a democrat and a second amendment with a grades commonsense compromise oni want courage inem for the doing that. it was not easy given their traditional strong support for second amendment rights. as they said, no one could honestly claim that the package that they put together infringed on our second amendment rights. all it did was extend the same background check rule that already applied to gun purchase from a dealer to guns purchased at gun shows or over the internet.

60% of guns are purchased through a background check system. this would have covered a lot ofgabby giffords is both. she is a gun owner and a victim of gun violence. even the nra used to support expanded background checks. the current leader of the nra used to support these background checks. while this compromise did not contain everything i wanted or everything that these families wanted, it did represent progress. it represented moderation and common sense. that is why 90% of the american

people supported it. but instead of supporting this though the bill to the opposite. this legislation outlawed any registry. the text. but that did not matter. unfortunately, this pattern of legislation served a purpose. those lies upset an intense minority of gun owners. it intimidated a lot of senators. i spoke to several of these senators over the past few weeks. they are all good people. i know all of them were shocked by the tragedies like newtown. i also understand that they come from states that are

strongly pro-gun. i have said that there are regional differences when it comes to guns. other. but the fact is, most of the senators could not offer any good reason why we would not criminals and those with severe mental illnesses to buy a gun. there were no coherent argumentsthey worry that the vocal elections. they worry that the gun lobby would spend a lot of money and painted as anti-second amendment. fear.

democrats have that fear, too. they caved to the pressure and started looking for any excuse to vote no. one common argument i heard was that this legislation could prevent all future massacres. that is true. stop every act of violence and evil. but if action by congress could child, a few hundred, a few thousand, if it could have prevented those people from losing their lives to gun violence in the future while rights, we have an obligation to try. this legislation met that task. too many senators failed theirs. i have heard some say that it

would have been a victory. my question is, a victory for who? a victory for what? all that happened today was the preservation of the loophole check. safer. victory for not doing something that 90% of americans, 80% of republicans and the vast majority of your constituentsit begs the question, who are wei have heard folks say that victims lobby for legislation was somehow misplaced. a prop, somebody called them. emotional blackmail. are they serious? do we really think that thousands of families whose lives have been shattered by gun violence do not have a right to weigh in on this issue? do we think their emotions is not relevant to this debate? all in all, this was a pretty shameful day for washington. but this effort is not over. i want to make it clear to the american people that we can still bring about meaningful change that reduces gun violence so long as american people do not give up on it. even without congress, my more

of our communities. participating in the existing background system. more information about lost and stolen guns so they can do their job.

we will put in place emergency plans to protect our children in their schools. its act together. listen to the american people and pass commonsense gun legislation, the real impact will have to come from the voters. to all the people who supported this legislation, law enforcement and responsible gun you needemocrats and

to let your representatives in congress knowif they do not act this time, time. to the wide majority of nra households who supported this leaderships and lobbyists know the point is, those who care deeply about preventing more and more gun violence will have to be as passionate and as organized and as vocal as those who blocked these steps to help make our kids safe. ultimately you outnumber those who argue the other way. but they are better organized and better financed. they have been at it longer. that is the reason why you can have something that 90% of americans support and you cannot get it through the senate house of representatives. to change washington, you, the

when necessary, you have to send the right people to washington. it requires persistence. that is the one thing these all of us. have been able to muster up the strength to do what they have been doing over the last several weeks, last several months. spoke with the community. different now.

we will have to change. that is what the whole country said. everybody talks about how we are going to change something to make sure it did not happen again. just like everyone talked about how we needed to do something after aurora. everyone talk about how we have to change something after tucson. emotions that we all felt since newtown, the emotions that we have felt in tucson, aurora, i'mcago, a pain that we share assuming that is not a temporary thing. i'm assuming our expressions of grief and our commitment to do something different to prevent these things from happening are not empty words.

i believe we will be able to get this done. this right. demand it and so do the american people. thank you, everyone. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] national captioning institute]

>> the f35 is the most expensive weapons system in the history of mankind. it is an advanced warplane, fighter jet that is to be used by the air force, navy, marine corps. it is the replacement for the air force, a number of other planes, marines and navy. it is supposed to be the new, advanced all-purpose fighter jet. a plane that was supposed to be in the skies fighting now. it is still in development. an incredibly troubled program. a program that has gone tens of billions of dollars over budget. borrowed into the program to

read about the overall challenges, because this program is in some ways singular in terms of the cost overruns, delays, and the way it has been structured to, as i read in the peace, the most effective defense attribute may not be all of the raiders and sensors and missiles and stealth technology and the ability to fight supersonic speeds. it may well be the way it has been designed to evade budget cutters in washington. more sunday at 8:00 on c- span's "q &a." >> when the war began, congress came into session in july and issued the clinton resolution that articulated the consensus, or goals of the united states.

and it was very simple. very clear. the purpose of this war is to restore the union. disrupt thet to social institutions of the south. everyone knew what that meant. in it meant not to disrupt slavery. texas austinsity of professor on the political and legal factors of emancipation on lectures in history saturday night at 8:00 eastern. >> second prize winners in the student cam competition. there documentary of the city."

♪ >> long before barack obama was president you work as a chicago community organizer after college. president obama's as part of why he went into politics was to make a difference for people on the south side and similar places throughout the country, but even after countless federal and dollarsomises, and not much has changed in poor urban centers. working in community organizations in chicago, and yet he has not shown a particular focus on that in his presidency. >> during the 2008 presidential campaign, barack obama spoke

about why community organizing inspired him politically. >> during work in the community to try to create jobs, to bring people together, rejuvenate communities that have fallen on hard times. set up job training programs in areas that have been hard hit when the steel plants closed. that is relevant only an understanding where i am coming from, who i am fighting for. and why i am in this race. >> as my partner and i worked at the community center, we began to wonder, how did some cities it this way? to find out, we spoke to several urban experts. >> we have had from the suburbs since world war ii when the government give a lot of support for gun -- home ownership and encourage people to buy an expensive houses on the fringe. they left the inner city behind in many cases.

we rush to create everything new and we forgot there is a lot of value in the old community. >> when you look back historically, a lot of detroit was planned for and around the automobile. when you look at what has happened, some of these factories have moved out of the city. some of them will shut down and are not functioning anymore. people are gone. the city has one of the big issues we're facing with a population loss. is a prime example of urban decline. they get land, education, crime -- crime and poverty have been exacerbated by racial tensions. long before the race riots, whites relieving the city in

unprecedented numbers. >> most of the jobs moved to the suburbs. people that moved out in december -- severed. the whites were moving further and further into suburban locations. >> so, the big issue is what we do with the vacant land? we have had roughly close to 40 square miles of vacant property. almost the size of san francisco. take of the urban issues are far from unique. only and a sample of the extreme problems faced inner cities. a lot of cities i have worked in have had similar sorts of problems. baltimore, cleveland. youngstown, ohio.

buffalo, new york, and you name it. particularly older, industrial cities have these problems. citizenss a lot that and local government can do to help slow the urban decline. plotether it is there your club, a church, through the city and efforts like detroit works. one of the big pieces we wanted to do was make sure the community that to say what the needs are. the real power of urban revitalization is done at the local level. urban issues have become as smaller priority for president. we have to change that. we canhe president how engage communities. >> outreach.

we have to reach out to people and let them know what issues are and why this matters to me. >> if we can create a scenario where the public sector encourages public involvement, then both parties are doing what they need to be doing. >> this is an important part of urban right -- urban revitalization. henry ford put us on the map. as a result, our city prospered. did we stop doing that. we felt the stifling democracy is. our city crumbled. today we are in the midst of a new resolution, -- revolution. i think this is the time to make it happen, specifically diversifying the economy. charlesly, we asked platt what he would say in a message to president obama. >> come see us in detroit. there are a lot of great things happening.

you do not always hear about them. come see what we're doing here. take a many campaign promises were made in 2008 and 2012. the most important of all is president obama made to himself, people go into public service for reason, power, money, prestige or wanting to change the lives of many for the better. the best with president obama can show what his reason was, and in turn, what kind of a leader of the van he is would be to help the very people, places, and community that -- community that spurred a young man to action many years ago. >> congratulations to all the letters in this year's sudent cam competition. >> coming up today, 'washington rnal" is next. then,he