that our employees oftentimes i think you like they work in a no-win theytion in which what prevent does not get public notice, but if something gets through, it gets a lot of notice. if a mistake is made, it goes viral. that we have to work on that part. we've also discovered other things. thatxample, we've learned when people were promoted to first line silverberg -- supervisory positions, a lot of times they were not trained on how to be a supervisor. among the discontent was, how am i being a value weighted by an immediate supervisor? we can fix that. we have now instituted departmentwide a process and a class and training to do that. executive steering counsel on how to deal with .mployee satisfaction

i am committed to seeing if we can raise those numbers. i meet regularly with the component heads. cbp is about 60,000 employees. tsa is another 150,000. these are large components. how can we improve individually each of them in terms of employee satisfaction? if the question is, do you pay attention to the survey? yes. if the question is, are you happy with the survey? the answer is no. we shouldn't be. this is what it was designed for, your response in this way. it is such an interesting point, that somebody gets promoted to a job they do not know how to do, and then get evaluated poorly as a result of that. >> it has cascading effects. right. >> when you get better grades,

what is the response to that? >> we try to get as many people to participate in that is possible. that improves the accuracy of what you are feeling in the workforce. we are pretty happy that we continue to rank highly in employee satisfaction. i note we are in the top three of innovative agencies also in the survey that the partnership does. i think that relate a little bit to the kind of mission we have at epa in trying to develop -- to develop pollution control strategies that can be innovative. we are happy, but as you noticed, all the numbers are going down a little bit. -- this is a good barometer for all of us to work on, but we also need to note that the barometer is going down across the board pretty much, with a few minor exceptions. i think that is from some of the things that max mentioned at the beginning, the constant

drumbeat that there is something wrong with public service and public servants. nothing can be farther from the truth. how hard people work in service to the american public. >> it not only has a demoralizing effect on people who currently serve, but it seems to me it is likely that we'll will have a negative impact on recruitment. -- it will have a negative impact on recruitment. at epa in particular, you are competing for engineers, people in the stem field, where everybody's competing for those graduates college. >> we really are. we have over 5000 scientists at epa. it is one of our core capabilities. we have to maintain it to make the right kinds of decisions for the public. we have programs with minority academic institutions. we have fellowships in our laboratories. we are doing a number of things.

we try to identify teachers who are innovative teachers who might be interested. we try to work closely with students. we do have a mission to help attract, and we have these programs, that keep our face in front of people we want to attract. we are working on that. it is challenging in the current environment. >> do you want to talk about recruitment? >> the interesting thing i have seen -- i follow the survey very closely, as my employees will tell you -- i always talk about it as one of my most important report cards that i get, whether i like the greater not. we will pay attention. >> 54%. [laughter] >> thank you. [laughter] i appreciate your reminding me. i often find that the hardest part is not the recruitment fees. piece.uitment

i think president obama said at one of his jobs was public service: again written if you look at surveys broadly, there is a lot more interest than i was maybe 10-20 years ago to get into public service. i think it is how we as leaders keep those folks and build career paths which is so often a challenge. we find -- we had 100 presidential management fellows a couple of years ago, the biggest class across the federal government. we went all out to recruit them. what we found was that the toughest part was, how do we make sure we continue to have the right challenges, the right opportunities? we started to institute not only training but a rotation program to help them go out into the field and really understand a variety of things in often i find that is the biggest part, how do you keep that idealism that brings people into public service alive? how do you remind folks of why they came in the first place and what success looks like? >> after they've survived the

hiring process. [laughter] >> there is no question. >> i want to add to what he said -- i think the interesting thing that these scores note, the impression of the scores, they are having less of an effect on the entry-level recruitment. we still have many more people who want to come work for us than we have opportunities. and mid tomid-level upper level recruitment, you have people saying, i'm not sure i want to go and make all the sacrifices. that is a harder part if we are going to continue to renew and rejuvenate the leadership of the organizations. we need to make sure we have those going through and continuing to grow, have the opportunity to get experiences, but we also need to have renewal and rejuvenation across all levels of the organization. >> you talk about making sacrifices. i will open this up to questions in a minute, but the more i do that, we said at the beginning that the themes of this week is,

why i serve. i would like each of you quickly to tell us. each of you has spent a good deal of time and public service, much of your lives, so why are you serving? let's go down the line. >> i serve because i grew up in new york city at a time when homelessness was exploding, when we were wondering whether american cities would even survive. i was at the 1977 world series in the bronx where howard cosell sent to the audience, ladies and gentlemen, the bronx is burning. i felt like having witnessed that, that the best way i could give back by working in public service to try to end homelessness and to help cities come back. do you think there has been movement along those lines? >> if you go back to the same streets in the south bronx charlottefact,

street that president carter visited in 1977 and compared to dresden after world war ii. ii, homes are selling for $400,000 on that block. the south bronx has come back as an amazingly -- still very amazingly vital community. that kind of success story is not everywhere. if you walk the streets of detroit and see the kind of challenges, we still have too many homeless folks on the streets around the country, but we have made real progress. government is not the only answer of why we have made progress, but it is part of the answer. >> you might not be a world series in the bronx this year. [laughter] >> this was not cokie. >> wife of a rabid anti-span. -- yankees fan.

>> you probably cannot afford to buy the $400,000 home given that you are in public service. [laughter] i serve because i think the future can and should be better than the present. i think working in the public helpce is the vest way to achieve that. i have done it when i was governor. i focus on education. in my current role, i focus on security, immigration, and the rule of law. each of those are very different and away, but they do do have a common uniting theme. have a way, but they do that common uniting theme. >> for me, it is making a difference in the world. that might sound idealistic, but there isn't a problem with idealism. i started working in city government, up close and personal, when you're trying to deal with neighborhood problems and you have to go to meetings at night and having that experience.

working at at the federal level has been a remarkable blessing i have had. i am in all of the work that we do here. -- awe of the work that we do here. >> i wish i did not have to go last. [laughter] .hy i serve, i blame my parents it is their fault. they raise my brothers and me with the philosophy that you have to leave a better world than the one you are brought into. in trying to find a way to meet their high expectations for all of us, i found the place where you could do that was in public service. why i continue to serve is actually a more interesting question at some level. the reason why i continue to serve as because of the incredible people i work with and doing it. of the problems we get to deal with in public service are so outstanding and incredibly challenging and deeply frustrating, it keeps you coming back and back.

most importantly, i continued to serve because i have a wonderful family that supports me. >> that's great. i would like you all to stand up and ask questions. there are microphones there and there. we do need you to go to the microphone because it is being recorded. if you could please do that. youou could tell us who are, please, when you come to the microphone, and then if you want to direct your question to a particular member of this illustrious panel, please do so, but, we will let them figure it out. >> i am with the faa. you mentioned the stem program. i understand that those who go to college with a stem major, about 40% change their major during the first semester. it seems to me to be a very lucrative or rewarding place to guidance tosome

those individuals. does anybody have a program for that? , we have an eco- ambassadors program at some colleges, but i'm not sure they are focused on keeping people and stem programs. i think the president has been pushing stem education pretty hard. we're hoping to continue to get people motivated for the needs that society has for people that are able to excel in those programs. >> the president has been pushing it along with the department of education, and several prominent people in the business community have joined with the government, a public- private partnership, to try to really emphasize those programs, particularly for girls. of course, girls are the majority in college, and the vast majority in graduate school. to not have them in a stem

program is a real problem. we have a report coming out on may 16 on immigration. [laughter] how about that? very good. over here. >> josh bursting with politico. this question is for secretary napolitano. earlier, she referred to his situation -- >> josh was one of my kids at abc. [laughter] >> cokie referred to the situation that happened with a person who came in with a student visa but was no longer a student. that was a mistake. do you think that was a mistake? i know you made some changes. how do you tweak that without having the situation where, for example, every time a university or college makes a paperwork mistake or checks wrong box, a foreign student coming to the united states is not get held up for 24-72 hours, locked up at one of our ports of entry? >> without talking about the

particular incident, because obviously this is an open matter, i will say we always learn from these events. you always learn. we are doingings checking manually the most recent student visa information, because you are right, it changes all the time, as students drop, etc.. customs and permission, which is held in a different place -- information, which is held in a different place. for the time being, that is being done manually. we are trying to be sensitive of the fact that there is a lot of traffic back and forth. , think by the end of the month certainly we'll probably will have a a technological solution to this particular issue.

i would not go so far as to characterize what happened in the light of boston, in terms or anything of that nature. that needs a more full some investigation. >> finding the solution to that seems to be really tough. colleges do not have a clue which classes their students are in for weeks after the semester begins. >> that's right. quite frankly, our country is enriched i students coming from abroad. you know, we are constantly andncing our security needs the need to be as foolproof as that, forith the fact example, traffic needs to travel across our land borders. people need to be able to come and go.

that appropriate balance is something that is constantly look at throughout dhs. as i said, uniting various systems that are held in various different places, many of them are not even within dhs -- these are big technological challenges, which is why we need more stem graduates. [laughter] >> over here. i am an employee of the department of homeland security and customs and border protection. i would like to first thank service.retary for her she communicates very well with the department. i have isn that three-pronged since we have four maybe you can each address each one. i read an article the spring entitled "connecting the dots between people, budgets, and omissions."

missions."s -- and my question is, how do we invest with less in terms of human capital? how do we extract and transfer knowledge from the baby boomers before they leave in 2016? this is a big one for me, my dissertation was related to this. my third one is, how do agencies leverage information management without money to reduce costs and improve efficiency across the government? >> those are big questions. , i know you're itching to answer them. >> we are doing something over at gsa, we would love to work with other agencies to build their awareness of -- we are using an internal kind of social media type of system to create linkages between people.

the first step is to get people to self report what their skills and experiences are. ,e are using it to fuel ideas get ideas for how we can be a better service provider. we launched something called the "rate ideas fund." we had 600 great ideas. more importantly, we had 20,000 comments where people are exchanging her views and perspectives on those ideas across the hierarchy. he let any people from parts of the organization talk. we think overcoming hierarchies, recognizing the value of people 's experience, and finding ways to get them to share that experience is really going to be the key to how we address the fiscal constraint that we will be facing for the next -- for the foreseeable future. hud have an interesting challenge around this western baby boomers. we were an agency founded in 1965, had a huge surge with all

the urban challenges we had him a with interns coming in -- we had, with interns coming in -- a faust was an intern -- lot of those folks fade and build great careers. we have more retirement eligible employees as a share of our employees and any other agency across the federal government. this is a real challenge for us. on of the things we can do is use social media -- we dealt a system, a hud connect and it has spawned all these interest groups where folks are sharing ideas, thoughts about the agency, knowledge in ways that we could never create just by saying, we will start a group for x or y. we started to connect those employees very intentionally to our younger employees. we have an under five group, meaning they have been -- not

that they are under five years old -- they have been at hud for less than five years. [laughter] we connect them with some of our most experienced managers at the agency. it has been a great thing for both the folks that have been there for 30-50 years, as well as for these younger employees -- how do you build careers and really encourage folks to stay once they are already serving in public service? >> i think one of the ways you invest in your human capital, ,our people is to empower them and to solicit assistance from them in solving some of the challenges we have. dhs, we have developed the efficiency review system. it was designed to be unemployed driven mechanism i which we could identify costs we could avoid, things we do not have to spend money on, processes that

were overly revoked -- redundant or cumbersome and the like. conservatively, we have saved the taxpayer well over $4 billion through that effort and some of them are big issues like fleet management. in a department like ours, i'm sure you can imagine what that looks like. how we do procurements, how we break some of that up. it goes all the way down to, what has to be on paper and what does not? there are lots of things, little things that add up to big things, and some very big things. some others are underway. , our really saying, look human capital is probably our greatest resource. we need to invite them and create a space where they can participate in the agency in a more fundamental way. that thats to me satisfies two things.

first of all, it does get the efficiency, and smartly, where people who have actually had experience -- also, that engagement of the employees must feelthem deal valuable -- valuable and someone they pay attention to -- that you pay attention to, and helps the question of morality are in > -- of morale. >> we hope so. some of the most valuable employees have been those five- seven your employees. their thinking about their next career step. this provides them a place to be creative and innovative and help improve the agency. >> we are rolling out next week something we call skills marketplace. since we now have these business-oriented social media and many of our agencies now, what we are trying to do is capitalize on that and have people with their skill sets on their. we are changing -- on there. i call it a micro-detail.

if somebody has a big heavy project and they are good entrepreneur as a manager, they can get resources from around the agency. it makes people see the agency from other perspectives, be involved with other parts of the agency for a small amount of their time each year. that way, the whole agency benefits from the fungibility of the skill sets. we are excited about getting this going. i think you see a bunch of technology options that are also more attuned -- i know i am aging myself a little bit -- to some of the younger employees, they gravitate to these tools. >> somebody over here. i thought there was. go ahead. is ken boxer. i am founder of boxer advisers. i began my career as a presidential management intern back in the day. a little different. , secretary is

napolitano mentioned o the focus on from when supervisors. some of the data i have seen, however, talks about importance of senior leaders engaging and and retaining talent. my question is, what specific actions are you taking on a daily, weekly basis, and what suggestions would you have for other senior leaders in your agencies or the federal government that boost morale and send messages to employees that they are really valued? >> i would say one of the first things, incredibly simple but incredibly important, is just an indicator, communicate, communicate. -- is just communicate, commmunicate, communicate. one of the great things about the technology we have, and you are traveling, on the road, the basic making sure you are spending time with employees and not just talking to them, but listening to them, hearing

what their ideas are about what is happening in the agency. technology and innovation -- we now do a regular townhall includes every field officer around the country. we are unusual as an agency to have two thirds of our staff out in the field across the country. for an agency of 9000 people, about 80 field offices. very dispersed. technology is incredibly important in terms of community -- communicating. to process of listening employees, taking questions, online, over video teleconference, it is a very simple thing, but it is amazing how much that means to be able to really understand what is going on in my head, but also to hear from employees as well. >> 9000 people in an agency must sound like heaven to you. how many people are in homeland security? >> 240,000. it is the third-largest

department of the federal government. the largest reorganization of the federal government since dod was created. go to travel, i try to an airport, go down to the of the go see some operations, talk to some officers. it just depends on what we are doing. there is that. i think one of the most important things that the senior leadership needs to do is have a clarity of vision. it is not just communicating or saying, you have a great -- you are doing a great job, but also saying, this is where we are going. or, we are going to have this congressional hearing to deal with, or the media piece that is out there or whatever -- there is always the crisis du jour. there needs to be a longer-term, a bigger vision, and then communicating that so people understand their role and what it is that you want them to do. you are not only praising them for their efforts, but holding

them accountable for helping the vision be achieved. i think good accountability also helps build good morale. >> i would absolutely agree with both of my colleagues. i would add, involving senior career leadership in the process of running the agency is an important motivator for the senior leaders in the agency. they need to feel that their expertise is being embedded into the system and that they are able to make a difference in the same way that i want to make a difference when i am in public service. , executiveprocesses management councils, rear leadership and other tools which i will not go into detail here -- the key is bringing senior leadership into decision-making processes, it is a vitally important thing. >> the one thing i would add is continually reinforcing and reiterating the significance

and importance and impact of our mission. it is an honor. it is something that is incredibly motivating in it of itself. if you listen to the very negative rhetoric you can begin to believe it or internalize it or become a little bit more shy about saying you're actually committing some -- yourself to something bigger than yourself, and thing as important as your nation, some incredibly important work, and i think people need to be reminded of that from time to time. >> that is one of the reasons that we do this services and america award at the partnership. -- they max said, were, as max said, announced today. you have among you some winners. secretary napolitano, you have foot andkobe of the

mouth disease involvement team. they developed a safer vaccine to protect america's livestock industry. it was huge. the economy would be devastated. anybody in england during that time shaw how often -- saw half awful it was. .ou also have john mckinnon he and his team rescued more than 160 bit -- victims of child pornography. as a mother, that is really something. they used forensic investigatory techniques to attract an the editors, resulting in over 50 arrests in 2010. congratulations. gsa -- martha doris delivered timely information on federal programs and services and engaged citizens with our government through the use of web portals, social media, crowd sourcing tools, and powerful search engines. congratulations to you. when you hear the stories of

the people who win these awards, they are really quite something. they are to stop-provoking. -- goosebump- thought provoking -- goose bump- provoking. foret me say thank you what has been very inspiring for me. the department of energy, five years ago. i work in the policy international affairs office there. there is something about the five-year that you start thinking -- especially my generation. my parents generation, basically their whole career. among my peers, the question of gether we should go experience in the private

sector. there is this sense that that is where the top management comes in from. that is experienced that really counts, or something. i guess your views on that path of career growth. >> that is an interesting question. moreer people are attractive, coming up through the ranks inside or more attractive going out and coming back. >> i will answer the question. i have never worked anywhere other than government in my adult life. i did work at burger king and a gas station. i don't think that counts as private sector experience. [laughter] i think the reason i started as , go 91f. it is a big operation. there are many levels of government. you can move around. we have some opportunities for you at gsa -- [laughter]

i think that is really the trick. some ways to scratch that itch and get that experience. i think the best employees are the ones that do take command of their career and try to develop their experience to the fullest extent possible. i can be done entirely within the four corners of the federal government. or go out and come back. i think the trick is that we need a government that reflects the many different facets of the society in which we operate. we need people from different kinds of experience. >> i agree. it is important to have a mix of people in agencies. you can get that experience inside and outside the government. i would not shy away from -- i have worsen the private sector and the nonprofit sector, in addition to the government sector. be open totant to different experiences. >> i don't think we would find

-- it really depends on the position we are looking to fill. whether we think experience would be relevant, more relevant than public sector if aryans. i do like -- experience. i do like, there are many opportunities, not to mention of we different state levels, do homeland security. we are in 75 countries. we do a lot of international work. when you think about it, our work is inherently international in scope area we work a lot in science and technology. in research and development. that is where new vaccines come from. we have the big components, which are always do and major law enforcement operations around the country.

you can have a variety of experiences, depending on what you are interested in, without staying in one narrow career path. >> having worked in the private sector, nonprofit, and academia as well, i think those experiences are important. as i sit down to talk to somebody who is maybe at the point you are in your career, what i look for in somebody's eyes is how much does making a difference matter? myi go back, take experience in new york city, i was housing commissioner in new york. our member talking to folks who had gone out and been unanimously successful, big real estate developers, bankers, others working in housing. they would often say to me, you know the best job i ever had? and was that three years after

college, i worked for mayor lindsay, or whoever it might be. they still talk about it as if they missed it. i think if you are somebody who , if youpassion to serve are somebody who can frankly put up with where max started today, with being the butt of jokes at times, or even feeling like you are questions as to why you are doing this, i wanted to make difference. i was at the kennedy school of government and i never thought about working in government. came and my mentor worked in the clinton administration and asked me to come down and work for him. it really is calling. . studied architecture frank lloyd wright used to say, it if you can do anything else,, you should. i is to laugh about that. what i quickly realized after working in government, i could not do anything else. --me

>> that does not mean you are incapable of it areas [laughter] >> i would not want to do anything else. if you want to serve, there are lots of great crisis -- places. government is the best, for sure. >> thank you all for your service and thank you for being here today. it is terrific of you. [applause] thank you. thank you all very much. have a great public service recognition week. we will see you next year. thank you. [applause]

>> tomorrow on c-span3, a senate panel will examine provisions of the bipartisan senate gang of eight immigration bill. live coverage from the senate homeland security committee begins at 1030 eastern. later in the day, also on c- span3, the new head of the securities and exchange commission, mary jo white, testifies about the president also 2014 budget request for the sec. live coverage at 2:00 p.m. eastern. >> the heralds leading the way. inin, weapons of war previous centuries. now symbols of sovereign authority.

in charge of security and so much of the administration in the house of lords. or of him in a short while. sir george young. lord chancellor kenneth klock. and the lordorfolk great chairman marcus. in the of the duke of edinburgh. >> lords and of the house of commons. the government legislative program that will focus on economic growth, justice, and constitutional reform. >> elizabeth delivers her priorities for the coming year. a live simulcast from the bbc, wednesday morning at 5:30 eastern, on c-span2 and c- span.org. >> former commerce secretary carlos gutierrez was among the

rich is getting the discussion on u.s. immigration policy and potential changes to the nation's immigration laws. the migration policy institute hosted this 90 minute event. >> good morning, everyone. welcome to the joint effort of the wilson center. the title of the report -- and i am sure you have seen the reports and outside for you to take along -- is "think originally." this report has tried to rethink how the relationships in the region, including the migration relationship, but perhaps more importantly, the development and

growth within the region, in which the region can compete more successfully in an increasingly global world might become much better over the next decade and beyond. the key words here are "regional" and "migration." we need to do something, and in order to do so we actually started by looking at the migration status quo, its causes, consequences, and then we tried to look into its future, but we did through a regional lens.

solutions to problems that have divided parts of the region and the united states can only be found in the region, and the united states is part of that region. for migration in the future to be a matter of choice, not desperation, and in order to make it a non-issue, the same way that migration from so many other parts of the world are non-issues, it seems to us that it must be overwhelmingly legal, orderly, and safe. and we also think that in the future people who migrate within the region must increasingly have the skills and qualifications that can help them succeed, can help their families and households grow, and can take the migration issue as an issue off of the policy and political agenda for the region. of course, getting there from here requires a lot of work on all our parts.

economic growth must be sustained. political stability must be enduring. the rule of law must put out more roots. social development must continue to grow. orders must have integrity, and we have dealt of course -- they

must be dealt with more efficiently, and we need to do this together as neighbors, and personal security must become the first priority of governments in the region. we can do those things individually as countries, as people of different countries, and i am certain we will do so. but i think we can do it together as a region, and this is really what it is that this migration study group has tried to do. it argues that investing systematically in the region in building up human capital can create a better future for all those in the region, in a competitive world that will require much better prepared workers. what we are going to do is we will have almost a parade of important people who have invested an awful lot of their time and their political capital to address this issue. we will start with president zedillo, who has a video message that we will play in half a minute, and that will be followed by secretary gutierrez,

who will speak to recommendations of the report regarding immigration reform, but always thinking that immigration reform must get into the life blood of the region rather than simply be something that the united states has to do. his remarks will be followed by vice president eduardo stein, who will talk about key issues in the region, and between remarks, we will have our own doris meissner and andrew selee, they just came back in, to sort of pick up some of the comments that they would like to make.

then we will hear from ambassador jones who has had a great deal of experience on the key issues of the report, not just the u.s.-mexico relationship, but a keen interest in education, and then we will hear from luis rubio, one of the public intellectuals extraordinaire in the region. also, after the presentations, i will sum up a little bit and then open it up to questions. good morning, and thank you very much for coming. >> i regret that outstanding commitments do not allow me to be with you for today's presentation of the final report of the regional migration study

groups. notwithstanding my inability to be with you in person at this significant event, i want to express my deep satisfaction for the work done there. the report is of enormous relevance, not only for its sound content, but also for its timing. when the study group first met in february 2011, little did we know that the policy and of our work horizon, circumstances would it change rapidly for the better, making the possibility of immigration reform in the united states more likely than it has been in many years. given the robustness of the policy recommendations contained in the report, its publication now at the start of what promises to be a hopeful time of debate and decision on this important subject conveys significant value.

i am confident the participants in that debate will appreciate that our study has done much to map adequately the to profound economic, demographic, and societal forces that are reshaping our increasingly interconnected region, comprised of united states, mexico, el salvador, guatemala, and honduras. the study has also taken great strides toward developing and articulating a collaborative approach to immigration and human capital of the element that can help build a stronger social foundation for our region.

at meetings and washington and central america, mexico, along with research undertaken with background reports were ultimately intended to produce recommendations based on a sufficient understanding of political, economic, and social realities in this incredibly diverse parts of the world, aiming to balance policy ambition with realism and intellectual humility, we have tried to give practical answers to the fundamental questions of how can our nations collaborate to ensure a safe migration, and how can they sustain economic growth skills and qualifications demanded by the labor market?

the study group's final report seeks to promote policies that will benefit each of the countries examined, but not to advantage in the country over the other. one thing is clear -- getting policy right is important to the competitiveness in a fast- changing global economy. i am hopeful that the documents admitted today for your consideration will earn a place as an important reference in the ongoing debate, that it will help governments of the region to execute sound policies of migration, labor markets, and human capital for the sake of their own national development interests. i express my deep gratitude to all my fellow commissioners for their committed guidance, in particular to my esteemed co- chairs gutierrez and stein. i want to thank the valuable intellectual leadership provided

all along by andrew selee, doris meissner, and demetrios papdemetriou. let's make it for growth and development in our countries. thank you very much. >> thank you, and i should say thank you, president zedillo.

the president started us off in a way that he typically has done in his public service as well as his work in this endeavor, and that is by touching on the key themes in a very coherent fashion, because this has been an effort that is very expensive. we are talking about very big themes here, very long-term commitments and efforts, but nonetheless, things have to start somewhere at some time, and these very important issues of how migration really fits within the broader context of well-being for each of our countries as well as the region overall is what it is that we have tried to get our arms around and begin to point to in

this effort. now, president zedillo talked about the fortunate elements of timing. timing fell in a way that we would never be able to anticipate when we began this a few years ago. where the timing is concerned, i want to stress that we all realize that what it is that is going on in the united states at the present time with immigration reform and immigration reform debate being, again, after many years on the front burner, is something united states has to solve domestically on its own. we are very much recognizing the individual characters of each of our countries and our political systems. at the same time, whenever it is we do in the united states on

immigration policy, and on fixing a brokenness of the system, whenever we do will have critical applications for the region, for our relations within the region, and for the features of all of our countries in north america. it is trying to deal with the sovereign nations and what each of us are doing in our nations, the fact that we are interconnected, and these are ultimately themes that deal with all of us. i am turning now, though, to our second co-chair, a person who has been involved in a broad set of issues, with the domestic debate and discussion, carlos gutierrez. he served in the second bush administration, and he and michael chertoff were the point

people for immigration reform. he has remained interested in the issue within his party as well as nationally, and we are very pleased he has been part of this effort, and i am pleased to be a book introduced him and ask him to come to the podium at this time. secretary gutierrez? >> this is the perfect moment to talk about a new vision for greater prosperity and competitiveness in the region. this week the senate will mark up legislation that the u.s. very much needs in order to make the u.s. immigration system more responsive to economic conditions and labor market

needs, and, very importantly, to make the u.s. more competitive. i want to emphasize one thing, that is, immigration reform will create more jobs for american citizens, and i will repeat that. immigration reform will create more jobs for american citizens. president obama has returned from a meeting with presidents of mexico and costa rica in which he and his counterparts emphasized the enormous economic and human interconnectedness of the region. they agreed to move forward with a number of educational initiatives that are also in our report. we believe there is a lot more to do in the future. first of all, we have 52 million individuals of hispanic heritage living in the u.s. 36% were born in another country. of those hispanics born in other countries, 14 million were born in mexico, el salvador, guatemala, or honduras.

that means three out of four come from those countries. persons born in these countries come to more than 35% of total immigrant population. some of the recommendations that we make in our reports are in the senate immigration bill. we hope they remained there as legislation makes its way through congress and to the president's desk. we believe the immigration proposal that has been started in the senate is very positive, the right thing to do, and we need to move forward. we are looking beyond this legislation.

we are looking down the road, 10, 20, 30 years, and looking at the changes that will happen in our region and making certain recommendations beyond what is in the legislation. i will give you a few examples. we recommend exploring small programs and which the federal government could work in partnership with states and localities to create special preference visas as part of an economic development plans in areas of the country that are de-populating. the study believes any new program or visa should include incentives for what we call positive circularity. that is, encourage or back-and- forth movements that allow migrants to pursue opportunities on either side of the border following the ebbs and flows of demand. today date we think of immigration too one- dimensionally -- there's only one path for

immigrants, and that is either you go for citizenship or you are not a real immigrant. we believe the future is a lot more about strategic circularity, where people spend time in a country, in a given job, with special skills that that country needs, and they can circulate back to their country, and that is more of a future we foresee looking down the road instead of a static one-size- fits-all. not everyone wants citizenship. what people want is the opportunity to grow and contribute and make the region more competitive. all these should be reviewed by agencies with assessing labor market conditions and making recommendations to congress and the executive branch on adjusting fees of levels.

let me just say in 1970 mexican women had on the average seven children. in 2010, that number is a little bit higher than two. will come a point in the not too distant future that mexico becomes an immigrant-receiving country, very different from what it has been over the past decade. so we recommend that mexico, guatemala, honduras, el salvador, also update and modernize their immigration systems. we also believe he should all have a shared accountability for border security and enforcement. thank you. [applause]

>> well, the secretary has given us some of the key ideas that have to do with the u.s. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013]

..

>> the local court nation committees in egypt and i feel the you could probably make better use of this and see if that translates into political capital when it comes to the elections. finally, mediation, this is something that actually has happened once in egypt where i think you could make better use to tryr moral authority and mediate between the opposition and the government because the climate is very polarized right now. this happened a couple of months ago where it is at the instance of the youth that a meeting was finally arranged between the

opposition and the president. so to be able to use that kind of convening and mediating power a bit more. >> i have a comment. i was a member in the assembly and i was like, the president's advisers but not officially. they asked me do i want to be an official. i said no. until now, i could not do anything. and theored everything people in the revolution claims to be because i wasn't -- complained to me because i wasn't involved with the regime and rules of corruption and the rules of the regimes are working so we need to change the regime first. >> change the people's thinking.

we are going to open it up for questions. at the front with the woman here. can you state your name and affiliation. >> i am with the public international foreign-policy group. everybody. is for beyond the united states, what is the most viable role you believe the community -- valuable role you believe the community can play in facilitating development in egypt? >> i am going to take another then have the speakers answer a few of them. >> thank you. i'm not sure who spoke about the declining popularity. that is something that is not in

doubt. my question is about what is happening on the opposition side? there is a sense the opposition isn't political disarray that that they have not got their act together. -- is in political disarray. the popular anger that the muslim brotherhood is facing. my second question is about the funding.foreign i understand many of the youth movement in the opposition want to hold on to their ideals that prompted them to take to the street in the first place. the brotherhood has very strong foreign supporters, including very well-to-do arab governments in the gulf. how do you suggest the opposition find these resources if they are unwilling to reach out?

thanks. >> that links to the previous question. go ahead. do you want to start? inopposition popularity with the2012 prosecutor and the new constitution, it was big demonstrations. and it was the muslim brotherhood put down and the opportunity for the opposition to work on that. they did not organize and the refused to participate in elections and many issues that ise the muslim brotherhood

because they use social services to increase authority. if the opposition were not doing well and give the majority and mobilizing people, they need to change the strategy of demonstrating without connecting with the people and without organization. it is our mistake and we tried to solve it. >> before we talk about the funding, talk about the opposition popularity. >> i don't want to put it all in one bracket. that is not fair. these are two to -- different generations. >> these are all leaders. >> leaders in the opposition.

-- ipposition is starting think the opposition will be divided into people who actually know how to utilize and toually look forward utilizing this momentum. i think the opposition will run for parliament because the other option is disastrous. are they reaching the people? >> i think they are. there is a group that is working underground and they are fundraising and they are talking to different families who are strong in different small towns. it is not as close to the as other machines

groups. >> do you want to comment on the strategies? >> i got the feeling that the opposition politics is really the kind of politics of now and people are unhappy of how the brotherhood has not delivered on promises related to unemployment and social economic justice. not have any particular political platform. also, the issue of grassroots work especially when it comes to a there a presence in cairo but there is very little policy advocacy in egypt. so the questions that that raises for the opposition. they are realizing all the

young people are going around to egypt and trying to reach out to the grassroots and the older generation, they don't have the energy to do that. not all the generations. of course, there are amazing people. >> reaching out to social media? , going tog on doors universities and having talks. this is what is going to be of essence in the future. >> quickly on the issue of how to counter money that is coming androm external sources others to support the muslim brotherhood. can we counter that? >> we had this discussion before. i don't know. -- i amdifferent values

talking about myself, about who was funding me and sticking up to them until now. i am very cautious. i'm not taking any foreign funding. i'm trying to hold to my values. >> you are crowd sourcing, getting money from the people? >> yes. >> when we talk with someone the old american ngo, they destroy egypt. if we talk any further funding, they would use that. we are depending on our membership fee. we can choose funding. question here in the front.

>> i have been following egypt since the revolution. it breaks my heart how divided egypt is. and how the division is .piraling down the world how could weis, talk about the alternative and how would the alternative be in the opposition stopped asking to join the government of the muslim government -- ?rotherhood why can't some of the leaders become the prime minister?

>> i think one of the demands is that neutral people be appointed to cabinet positions. what is the likelihood of that happening? it's not going to happen. i am on the ground. i'm on the ground and i could now i amstories -- saying they appointed the local mayor and the muslim brotherhood that was three months ago. that happened in my neighborhood. , we just want the best for egypt and we have no

personal interest. matter of fighting just for the sake of fighting. we try to involve everyone equally. this is not happening right now. we are not hungry for positions. i know there is group i'm going -- [indiscernible] when we are sure we are being and have great

influence, it is the muslim brotherhood themselves they won't come and listen. to loseon't want credibility before you can have impact. [indiscernible] when they make agreements -- to build on that to make principles to negotiate and find solutions to compromise. [indiscernible] andeed the solution brotherhood to find a solution. what is the point of the position?

persecution and allowing what is andten in the government the prosecutor said if you want to change the restitution we majority. up the >> we have a question over here. >> thank you for your presentation. what i don't seem to hear, you have a population that is 60% under the age of 30. 90% unemployed. are there any programs or any advocacy for programs or discussions going on of what to without the unemployment the government or opposition to take to the people to say these are our programs to get the country moving forward?

thank you. >> yeah. wes dialog is something don't disagree upon. we had something called egypt 2020 and we invited different groups to work on economic policies. it was presented two years ago to the government. to be honest, this is hard to achieve. all this is nice, but the issue of investors and economic reform goes along with us and to see where egypt is going. the government is not stable.

think the muslim brotherhood is realizing this more and more. there has to be economic stability. if there is not stability, the people will not be happy. the economy is the number one .hing >> did you want to add anything on this issue of politics versus economics? >> i am in agreement with what he said. a young movement or ngo, we have many programs. there is no funding to this project. there is no support from the government or any international institutions. sometimes the political issues efforts for

development. >> can i say something? on a political issues and economic ones, i just wanted to context of two other evolutions than the french and have a preference focus on the position which is to embroil on the question on this economic issue rights.olitical

it is always a struggle. >> i will give you specifics. --had a program for centers contribution centers to be established around the country. we got funding for a year and a half and the government would not release the money. .hey are not cooperating i don't want anything from them, i just asked them for funding. that has been hard. there is an issue with the system itself. >> is it a bureaucratic is it a political challenge? issuese are bureaucratic involved in egypt.

i have this discussion all the time. they don't have proper political heads. they say i will make it easy for you. >> corruption. now, if any good projects or , it is controlled by the muslim boers the road -- brotherhood party. special funding and special aid -- [indiscernible] it is controlled by the muslim brotherhood only. , bureaucracyion and also with the muslim

brotherhood, they want any good issues for them only. their own are serving constituencies. ok, in the back. >> thank you. [indiscernible] the campaign to boycott the referendum but a few days before the referendum they campaigned they would vote no. we are sending a mixed message. what have you as a opposition to the consensus? there are different groups within the opposition. what have you done to build

consensus to increase cohesion within the opposition to be able to increase your own vote and at the same time as the results he voted no for the opposition. cairo is not all egypt. do you have any plans to work on the local level and of her -- other governors? thank you. >> yeah. the opposition is going to election spread -- elections. we are getting our own criteria now. and peopleng a list

are qualified and getting proper funding for its. that is it. >> is there consensus within the opposition? do they differ on strategy versus substance? >> it is not one extreme to one extreme. it is other political parties. [indiscernible] also the person for the , now because may be different political parties working with the

former regime. so that makes a problem inside. [indiscernible] .here is no effective consensusbuilding in the opposition? do you want to add anything? >> i don't think there is much consensus building. >> is there consensus in tunisia? because itere is now has caused a lot of controversy.

pointoes back to my old about that being a one political platform. , not really. there is a difference in the andrations between the use building a base. base.th and building a >> we have a question here. >> i am brian greenberg with interaction. there seems to be a kind of predicament raised by political politicalnd critical discourse in egypt, which seems to put you at a disadvantage in moving forward. and that, if you will, is based

on a kind of double standard ,here external interests external financial resources are anathema for egypt if they seem to come from the united states. so the traditional reflex of understanding events in egypt are largely split -- shaped by outside forces like the united states, is a problem. >> is there a question? >> for example, you have to be very careful about the sources of funding that you accept to support your work. on the other hand -- here is the double standard, my question for you is, how do you inress this double standard a nationalist -- how is it the

muslim brotherhood and its fallacy supporters in the gulf are not criticized in the same way for the external intervention? >> think you, sir. do you understand the question? >> it is a very, get a question. -- complicated question. it is a hard question to answer. the question is the muslim brotherhood is getting money from outside so why can't you ?ake the money from the u.s. [indiscernible] they are getting on both sides. i don't see an answer to how to solve it.

from my side, it is hard. it is too much of a risk. is there a critique that fromists are taking money the gulf? of thee honest, some current funding will be like you and wanted with the logo. others are funded and doing investments and projects and stuff like that. i doubt the sincerity of the people that want to fund. they just want a political point. >> you are saying the gulf money is coming in a quiet way,

wouldthe other instance want to fund -- >> ok, if we accept that funding and accept criticism from the islamists and security there is no real work from my perspective. networkel there is no in egypt supports democracy or freedom. before the revolution, it was better than now. , the gentleman in the blue time.

-- tie. i am with the egyptian daily newspaper. how do you see the role of the orial media in promoting hindering the change in egypt? i can see now that the opposition or rulers and the brothers are doing the same thing. there is social media, all these kinds of goings on. is this the change and of the real change in the world? >> let's take one more question before we have the panelists answer. [indiscernible] >> i am with the strategic

alliance. is that the youth organization played a great role in the revolution. how can you send fall -- still the failure opposition in particular, the older leaders who had the role -- the honorable role? others really make a difference. and go in the street different districts and rally the people. [indiscernible] you should announce today you are going to be -- the

elections. tweeting enough and are you going to go to the elections? >> the first question about social media. before the revolution, we were kings of social media. [indiscernible] we were the first in mobilizing people and maybe before that also. now, any political party [indiscernible] so now, the social media, .nyone can use it and is open

if you join twitter and facebook and see what happens, all the opposition will vote for no. what happened, 70% voted for yes. [indiscernible] we need to -- ok, now we can work on the social media but we need to improve our ability to about egypt and poverty in the neighborhoods and poverty areas. we need to improve the grassroots.

i want to work with younger to go through upper and with the supports on .he same idea i think we can't just keep blaming the muslim brotherhood. i think that is the easy way out. no real, concrete solution or alternative that people can hold onto. i think both sides have not been successful, to be honest.

i think now there's a chance for a third group that can come andhave concrete solutions concrete things that people can hold onto and support. we have 30 million internet users. theou plan for now, elections, creating a platform that, you can do it different. you have to work on a real solution that people can hold onto. you want to comment on the perspective of social media? i think it was a tool forward as vision -- organizing. it has become

something every clinical party has. you see ination society is being taken to .acebook pages i think there is a realization that one cannot just organize on social media and one has to go out and do grassroots work. >> maybe it is no longer the same tool for mobilization but it is important for debate. >> it is a forum for debate. important in getting ideas

out and encouraging more participation in public debates. of the game. end we will take one more question before closing. >> i met deborah alexander. is asking you to step back a little bit. political reform, change, egypt isn, certainly not the last country that has undergone this. --m wondering if other use youth and organizations, have they supported you or have you learned from them or established a working relation ship with organizations and other countries that have undergone a similar kind of change? thank you.

are you working in other countries? >> actually, we are establishing a branch for our ngo in the states. i am meeting different organizations from around the , whether on the political level or on the ngo and society level of how they are structured and how they manage the governments within the organizations. this is a great opportunity for me to be here, meeting people in different organizations. luckily, we have the platform that gives us -- makes people interested. i agree, it is very important and we're doing that. before the revolution, we

converted with serbia. ,lso, the movement in poland how to build a movement. [indiscernible] after the revolution, -- [indiscernible] after nine years, the liberals took a position. init's an experience slovakia.

an organization with the occupy movement in the u.s. and the uk, spain and greece and italy. morocco. we get information from the movements and we try to give information to new groups in many countries. andave branches in europe the u.s. and we try to organize people here and outside egypt for referendum and voting. all the countries help each other for support. can you tell us what the

mistake was in your strategy from january 2011 when he went to the streets to today? was there one strategic mistake we can look at? was that weke dropped the military after the revolution. that we said we would leave the square. it was a mistake. [indiscernible] were relying too much and they put us in this fun and very beginning. the second is stake -- the stec , that second mistake

there is a youth movement and the people's revolution -- [indiscernible] the people blaming us because we supported morsi. a solution, any's choice, so we supported marcy. -- morsi. >> i agree. we did not organize together as a group. two, we had a chance to have a media outlet to speak to -- for ourselves and we didn't. is that we have

people representing the revolution and the media chose .he wrong people some will be shouting and swearing. we used to have a positive image of his young educated -- people who love the country. those are the things. >> do you have any thoughts on it? in terms ofentation the objective and the focusing on single issues. and, a lack of leadership structure. without wanting to end on a negative note, i have to you for your efforts.

one thing that strikes me is the maturity of which you're speaking about the current situation in egypt. you are very much looking long- term. andink that is a positive you are working at multiple levels at the grassroots level. also, at the higher political level. i think that we should commend andfor your efforts learning from mistakes. we hope lessons will be learned and progress will be made. thank you ray much for joining us. -- very much for joining us. thanks, everyone, for coming out. [laughter] [applause] [applause]

>> this morning on c-span anee, a panel will examine immigration bill. live coverage from the senate homeland security committee begins at 10:30 eastern. later on to spend, the new head of the securities and exchange commission testifies about the president's the 14th budget request for the sec. live coverage at 2 p.m. eastern. were the useopics

of chemical weapons in syria and the last year's on the u.s. consulate in benghazi. here is the spokesman talking to reporters. >> we are highly skeptical of any suggestions or accusations that the opposition used chemical weapons. we find it highly likely the chemical weapons, if they were used in syria and there is evidence that they were, that

the regime was responsible. to the point of your question about why we need to be and gather facts that can make robbery did in reviewed we have to be sure about the case that we are making. the president has made clear from his statement and the facts he gave that that is what he intends. when the president made his comments about the red line for the first time, did he go further than the intended, further than he and his staff discussed? >> the president's term of the use of the red line was deliberate. the world knew the syrian government possessed chemical weapons and we had a concern that it might use chemical weapons against the syrian people in desperation. the message the president delivered that day was the same

message that he was delivering on friday. it was one that he and others in the administration have reinforced on multiple occasions. as i said, it was consistent with what we're saying to other regimes. >> was then a concern that he had u.s. policy -- it is a game changer when chemical weapons are used. there are conventions that prevent the use of chemical weapons. there are norms that are violated when chemical weapons are used pretty it is by definition a game changer. when the president talked about the fact that use of chemical enhances the prospect or increases the prospect of a proliferation those weapons getting in the hands of terrorists or other nonstate actors and that by extension that creates further thoughts to the united states and our allies, that is why it is such

significant event and that is why it is a red line. whenresident made clear he said that from here and he reiterated on numerous occasions thereafter. by doingre no concern this you are raising expectations because you're now being criticized. >> the president may clear it was a red line and unacceptable. it would change his calculus as he viewed the situation in syria because the use of chemical weapons represents the kind of escalation and threat that i just described. when he never did is to say that if x happens, why will happen. he never said what reaction he would take at a policy level to the proved crossing of the red line in syria. simply, that he would consider it a red line that had been

crossed and he would take appropriate action. as the investigation continues, he is looking at a range of options and he is not removing the table, ifm you will. take action that he thinks is in the interest of the united states and our national security as well as in the interest of the syrian people. >> you said he would take action if and when. he will take action? >> you heard the president make clear that he considers this a serious transgression and that is why we need to assemble all of the evidence to ensure that we have a case that this has been used, that chemical weapons have been used. and that he will look at an array of options that are available to him in response to that use.

with a story like the one yesterday held take some of the burden off? >> the fact is, i think as i mentioned earlier, there is a recent example of why we need to make sure we have our fax in matters like these -- facts. .he dangers of not having those we don't need stories like this one to make that case. is veryident i think clear about how serious he considers the use of chemical weapons and very clear about we need to make sure we have all the evidence before we make policy decisions. if it is it a red line crossed and there is nothing specific tied to it? >> we had this discussion

several times already. >> you're saying there are a range of options. you cross the red line, you are in trouble. there is something -- supposed to be something at the end of it. that they concerned would resort to the use of chemical weapons. it was essential that we made clear both in private communications to the regime as seriously public how we would view the use of chemical weapons. that is what the president did. we are now in the process of tohering facts, not rushing conclusions, not acting based on an incomplete case, but gathering the facts in order to make a judgment about what policy actions the president might take in reaction to the crossing of the red line. i think that is entirely the right way to go and what the american people would support rather than say an action based on strong but limited evidence.

last week you said the state and defense had told you and the congressman they were not aware of anyone else that would say anything about this. now that it looks like there are two or three witnesses that are going to be speaking publicly at a hearing on wednesday, the you think they told you the whole story last week? >> these witnesses are going to talk to congress. we have said we are not aware of anyone who has been blocked from speaking to congress, if they so choose to or want to speak to congress. >> not blocked over the last eight months? >> we are unaware of anyone being blocked from speaking to congress. i would point you to the fact that there was an accountability review board shared by two of the most distinguished experts in our national security establishment, nonpartisan

experts, who oversaw this review. it was unsparing. it was critical. people accountable, and it made a series of recommendations for action that could be taken to improve security to reduce the potential for these kinds of events from happening in the future. everything one of those recommendations has been or is being incremented by the state department. >> if it is unsparing, why is the number two ambassador now going to tell congress and the american people there were u.s. special forces who were getting ready to board a plane, come to benghazi to help these americans and they were told to stand down? >> i think the department of defense has addressed this. i don't have access to the interviews that i think are being referred to in some of the news reports. in terms of that issue, the response that department of defense took and the action that

they took in response to what was happening into gaza, i i would refer you to the department of defense. i wear for you to the content of the arb. -- refer you to the content. chairman of the joint chiefs, one of the most respected the plans and our country that served under the president of both parties undersigned rigorous investigation. they reached a number of conclusions, including the fact that action was taken immediately and upper briley and that action saved american lives. >> i know what they said. he is challenging the credibility of the white house. do you think he is lying? ani am saying that there was accountability review board led men of unimpeachable

expertise and credibility who oversaw process that was unsparing, that was highly thatcal in some areas and produced a series of recommendations that have all been acted on by the state department. as the president insisted was the case. when he made clear from the very onset in the wake of ganassi was that he wanted action taken -- benghazi to find out who was responsible and brought to justice and that action be taken to ensure that we implement steps necessary to improve the security of our the mets and the book -- diplomatic facilities across the country. it will be testified that

secretary clinton tried to cut out -- have you checked on that? do you have any concerns about that? charge,e heard of that and i would refer you to a statement put out today by the former head of the bureau, the counterterrorism bureau. he says, it has been alleged the state department bureau was cut out of the decision-making in benghazi attacks. i can say with certainty as a former coordinator that this charge is doubly untrue. at no time did i feel the bureau was being left out of deliberations that it should have been a part of. the entire briefing at c-span.org. on wednesday, the house oversight committee will hold a hearing on the benghazi attack.

easternerage at 11:30 on c-span three. up next on c-span, a conversation with members of the obama administration on automatic spending cuts. coming up, the discussion includes national security concerns and u.s. wealth disparities. this morning on c-span 3, a senate panel will examine provisions of the senate immigration bill. live coverage from the homeland security committee begins at 1030 eastern. later in the day, the new head of the securities and exchange commission testifies about the president's 2014 budget request for the sec. live coverage at 2 p.m. eastern. inagain, weapons of war

previous centuries but no symbols of sovereign authority. in charge of security and the administration in the house of lords, we will see him in a short while. lord chancellor baring the purse with the speech. the duke of norfolk. .he queen of edinburgh the program will focus on economic growth, justice and constitutional reform. herueen elizabeth delivers government priorities during the state opening of british parliament braved a live simulcast from the bbc wednesday morning at five: 30 eastern on c-span two and suspend.org.

-- c-span.org. , cokie roberts moderates a conversation on automatic budget cuts with members of the obama administration. we will hear from janet a. napolitano and shaun donovan. the partnership for public service posted this when our discussion. -- one hour discussion. good afternoon, everybody. i will be very brief because i have a bad cold. it is really a great pleasure to welcome all of you here to public service recognition week. it is our intent that it serves the fedn anecdote to basher all the time. we will never get the

government to want it all we do is tear it down. amazing things are going on all the time by public servants and we need to replicate them if we --t to see them replicated recognize them if we want to see them replicated. our government is a tool for collective action, and we need it to solve a huge array of challenging problems. problems we see all the time in the news, but we did not focus on them until they become part of the news. we see that in recent events with the boston marathon terrorist attack. for an issue is whether it is syria or north korea. we see it would there is an interruption of service, for instance with the air traffic controller. there, only the obvious interruptions. we do