education buys your future. do anything you want to do well unless you become educated. i am not criticizing there's a lot of sports athletes who don't bother going to college. every time i see that, i think, what limited thinking. don't they know that in every sport game there are complicated strategies about how you play the game? ry is applied in college to certain studies. if they went to college, they would play their game better. and that is true about almost anything, including being a

singer, an author, an artist. some of the best in the world. think of the people who won numerous oscars, like meryl streep. meryl streep is brilliant. she loves reading, she loves .ight thing -- loves writing this is a woman who has been educated to do her craft well. think of richard burton, who played shakespeare like he had lived in the age of shakespeare. my point being that education is the key. that is the key, because even if you cannot do one job, education permits you to do a lot of others. if you train for only one limited little thing, you can get stuck. but if you open your mind to learn more, you always -- there will always be opportunities. the day you hit a wall, if you have knowledge about the alternatives, you can think

about how do i go around the wall. i cannot do this. what is related to its that i might be able to do and still have fun with it? listen to your parents. [applause] ms. sotomayor. or what?its a home run [cheers and applause] and all of you did in your questions. very thoughtful. you're wonderful. you deserve a round of applause, too. [applause] justice sotomayor, we

will transition to the learning center. you and i and two students. so let's go. >> thank you, sir. wow. pretty. you hold that and give it to me? you guys ready? ok. 1, 2, 3. [applause] the learning center is open for everyone to see, have fun, and experience -- but right now we will take you live to arlington national

cemetery. president obama will attend the annual memorial day ceremony and will lay a wreath at the tomb of the unknowns before delivering remarks. he will be joined by defense secretary to chuck hagel and joint chiefs of staff chairman general martin dempsey. this is live coverage on c-span. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] national anthem horn "]rsion

>> order.

present. [drumroll]

]["taps" playing >> order.

>> order.

>> ♪ in the long history of america there are names that shine like beacons in the night at visiontriots whose

camp[indiscernible] americaong history of [indiscernible] [no audi[inaudible] [indiscernible] ♪

["last measure of devotion" ♪aying]

>> the last full measure of devotion beyond the call of duty were their deeds the last full measure of devotion they gave themselves to serve the greater need

and for those who did survive and came back home alive they join in praise of comrades who were slain to, mosty resolve highly resolved shall not dead have died in vain ♪ vain ♪ [applause]

>> ladies and gentlemen, please andnd for the official -- remain standing for an the invocation and national anthem. planes flying overhead]

>> captain colonel michael grainer, the u.s. army military district of washington. lenington,al michael

commanding general united states army, military district of washington. conden, e-ticket director arlington national cemetery program. general martin dempsey, chairman joint chiefs of staff. the honorablele -- chuck hagel, secretary of defense. horn playing] ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, the

president of united states. hail to the chief" playing"] , thedies and gentlemen chaplain. >> let us pray. almighty and eternal god, we ask that your present be upon us this day, a day which we as a nation come together on this hallowed ground to honor without hesitation those brave men and thosewho gave all they had for our nation's freedom. it is because of their selfless service at servicevalor that week -- service and valor that we can stand here this day without fear knowing that we can

continue sharing a lasting peace with liberty. has no one than this than someone laydown his life for his friends. let us not forget those who gave the ultimate sacrifice. .herefore, we continue those who and died for our country in war and remembering too that this gift of peace often comes from long struggles, the kind of peace that is bound from the blood of heroes, brave men and women who answered the call, saying send me. brave men and women who witnessed the crucible of war and failed to come home. let us know celebrate this peace and long for an everlasting peace that can come only from you onlygod. lord help us to recommit on our

own lives so the service of our great nation, carrying the torch of freedom for generations yet to come. we, your people, give you thanks. amen. and amen. join the united states air force band and the senior master sgt in singing our national anthem. >> drumroll. " beingonal anthem

♪ng] >> that our flag was still there of say does that star spangled banner yet wave free the land of the ♪d the home of the brave [applause] >> please be seated.

>> les angelyn, general dempsey ladies and gentlemen, general dempsey. >> mr. president, members of congress, distinguished guests, veterans, fellow americans, and most especially the families of our missing and fallen warriors. welcome. 150 years ago this november at the soldiers national cemetery in gettysburg, pennsylvania, president abraham lincoln delivered one of the most monumental and enduring speeches in american history. in his gettysburg address delivered at a ceremony not unlike this one, to an audience much like you, eloquently memorialized those who gave their lives so that future generations of americans might live in freedom. he also reiterated the very principles of our democracy. but lincoln did something more in his 272 were addressed. he challenged the audience to

honor the memory of the fallen by every committing themselves to the virtues for which they fought and died. after a humbly miscalculating the lasting nature of his words, he urged, "for us to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion." poetic, how, proper. we stand today in this cemetery, arlington a, created during the war which lincoln spoke. now it's home to our nation's fallen from all of its source. if we stand here thankful stewards of the blessings that these fallen have passed on to us. but we do not stand alone. today across our great nation in crowded cities or in country towns grateful citizens will

bowed their heads in honor of our fallen heroes. that is devotion. a picnic orered in parade or baseball game or a solemn cemetery like this one, americans will remember that the peace and liberty we enjoy each and every day were made possible by the devotion and sacrifice of a long line of brave men and women in uniform. that line has continued to grow. today, america's uniform the sons and daughters are on patrol in afghanistan and many other places of on the frontiers of freedom throughout the world. our young men and women are serving as honorably and as bravely today as their forefathers. when the nation called them to duty, they came. i'm inspired each and every day by their sense of purpose, their personal courage, their character, and their confidence. there are the best lead, the best trained, and the best equipped force on the face of the earth. as a nation, we must ensure that they remain so.

today i join everyone here and across this great land in honoring those who have willingly sacrificed while donning the cost of our nation. whoonor their loved ones nobly carry on. today i ask all of us to reflect on this great nation founded on service and sacrifice. let us rededicate ourselves to the best of america, it's freedom, its responsibility, and its promise, and made peace be our ultimate cause. may god bless our fallen, are missing, our veterans and their families. may we be forever grateful and may god bless america. thank you. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, listen now as the sergeant from the u.s. air force performs "america the beautiful."

>> ♪ >> oh beautiful for spacious skies for amber waves of grain for purple mountains' majesty above the fruited plain america his grace on thee

goodrown thy with brotherhood shining sea spaciousiful, for ♪ america, america on thee his grace

nd crowned thy good with brotherhood from sea to shining sea good owned thy with brotherhood ♪hining citsea [cheers and applause]

>> ladies and gentlemen, secretary chuck hagel. [applause] >> mr. president, mrs. obama, secretary shinseki, general dempsey, fellow veterans, service members, and distinguished guests. my wife entire greatly honored to be with you today to observe memorial day. together we gathered to remember america's sons and daughters who sacrificed everything in defense of our nation. for generations, americans have set aside this day to honor those who have fought and died to keep our nation safe.

civil war veterans, supreme court justice oliver wendell holmes once said, "every year in the spring at the height of the symphony of flowers and love and life there comes a pause. through the silence we hear the lonely pipe of death. every memorial day, america is reminded of these selfless individuals, america's quiet heroes. we also think of america's new generation of defenders, protecting our interests in every corner of the globe, preserving our freedoms and our way of life. they worked for a more peaceful and hopeful world. as general macarthur said, "the soldier above all other people prays for peace, for he must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war." the memories of american heroes. . arlington and around america have kept alive our families and

communities. this memorial day we honor those families who are heroes left behind. the honor them in appreciation for the sacrifices they have endured. we also honor the perseverance and resilience of our military families today, for they are dealing with all the challenges of life. america thanks you. all of on this sacred day as we recall the words of president lincoln when he referred to the domestic bonds in chords of memory -- we honor america's fallen patriots by striving to be worthy of their great sacrifices as we all work toward making a better future for all mankind. it is now my honor to introduce someone who has shown on wavering commitment to our service men and women and their families and to lead tarnation

today with great strength and wisdom -- ladies and gentlemen, help me welcome, our commander in chief, the president of united states of america. [applause] >> thank you. thank you. seated, thank you very much. good morning, everybody. secretary chuck hagel, not only for the introduction but for your lifetime of service. a sergeant in the army to secretary of defense and always a man who carries with it the memory of friends and fallen heroes from vietnam. are grateful to you. i want to thank general dempsey, major general linnington,

catherine condon has served arlington with extraordinary dedication and will be leaving us but we are so grateful for the work she has done. for. brainard secretary, and secchi, all our guests and almost of all, to members of our armed services and our veterans, to the families and friends who have fallen who we honor today, to americans from all across the country who will come to pay your respects, i have to say is always a great honor to spend this memorial day with you at this sacred place where we honor our fallen heroes, those who we remember fondly in our memories, those known only to god. hills, acrossuiet

that special bridge, is a city of monuments dedicated to visionary leaders and singular moments in the light of our republic. on this hallowed ground, where we choose to build a monument to a constant thread in the american character, the true that our nation and doors because it has always been home to men and women who were willing to give their all and laid down their lives to preserve and protect this land that we love. that character, selflessness, beets and the hearts of the very first patriots who died for a democracy they had never known and would never see. it lived on in the men and women who fought to hold our union together and in those who fought and defended a broad in

the beaches of europe to the mountains and jungles of asia. this year, as we mark the 60th anniversary of the end of fighting in korea, would offer a special salute to all those who served and gave their lives in the korean war. over the last decade, we have seen the character of our country again with nearly 7000 americans who have made the ultimate sacrifice on battlefields, in city streets, have a world away. last memorial day, i stood here and spoke about how for the first time in nine years, americans were no longer fighting and dying in iraq. today, a transition is under way in afghanistan and their troops are coming home. making thecans are ultimate sacrifice in afghanistan and that progress for which we are profoundly grateful.

this time next year, we will mark the final memorial day of our or in afghanistan. and so, as i said last week, america stands at a crossroads. page of a turn a decade of conflict, even as we look forward, let us never forget, as we gather here today, that our nation is still at war. it should be self evident. in generations past it was during world war two, millions of americans contributed to the war effort, soldiers like my own grandfather, women like my grandmother the work to the assembly lines. during the vietnam war, just about everybody knew somebody, a brother,, a friend who served in harm's way. today, it is different.

tribute to a a remarkable all-volunteer force made up of men and women who stepped forward to serve and do so with extraordinary skill and valor. perhaps it is a testament to our advanced technologies which allows smaller numbers of troops to wield greater and greater power but regardless of the reason, district cannot be ignored that today, most americans are not directly touched by war. not allsequence, americans may always see or fully grasp the depth of the profound costs that are made in our name right ouras we speak, every day, troops and our military families understand this and they

mentioned it to me their concern about whether the country fully appreciate what happened. i think about a letter i received from a naval officer, a reservist, who had just returned from a deployment to afghanistan i am concernede " are work in afghanistan is fading from memor/." as we keep this conflict alive in the hearts of our people. he is right. as we gather here today at this very moment, more than 60,000 of our fellow americans still serve far from home in afghanistan. they are still going out on patrol, living in spartan forward operating basis, still risking their lives to carry out their mission. , theyhey give their lives are still being laid to rest at cemeteries in quiet corners across our country including

here in arlington. cohen had a smile that could lead a prayer room becameer graduation she a former black hawk pilot. was just 27 years old when she and four other soldiers were killed by helicopter crashed during a training mission near campo park. kanduhar. she was laid to rest in section 60 and she is remembered today by her mother who says she is proud of her daughter's life, proud of her faith and credit per service to our country. -- and proud of her service to our country. [applause] staff sergeant frank e. phillips

came from a military family that and was as tough as they come. combat medic, he was on patrol and afghanistan three weeks ago when his vehicle was hit by a roadside bomb. he was so humble that his parents never know how many lives he had saved the until soldiers started showing up at his funeral from thousands of miles away. last week, he was laid to rest just a few rows over from sarah. gin was a born leader, a member of the marine corps special operating command. he had served five tours of duty but kept going back because he felt responsible for his teammates and was determined to finish the mission. on may 4, he gave his life after escorting a high-ranking u.s. official to meet with afghan leaders. later, his family got a letter from a marine who had served two tours with eric.

and the marine roche "there were people who measured their success on how many enemies they killed or how many missions they led. manybass to success on how of his friends he brought home and he brought home many including me." eric was laid to rest here arlington just six days ago. [applause] today, we remember their service. today, just steps from where these brave americans lie in the eternal peace, we declare as a proud and grateful nation that their sacrifice will never be forgotten. just as we honor them, we hold their families close because, for the parents to lose a child, for the husbands and wives to

lose a partner, for the children who lose a parent, every loss is devastating. for those of us to bear the solemn responsibility of sending these men and women into harm's way, we know the consequences all too well. i feel it every time i meet a wounded warrior, every time i visit walter reed and every time i grieve with the goldstar family. wet is why on this day, remember our sacred honor -- obligation to those who lay down their lives so we can live our lives, to finish the job is men and women started by keeping our promise to those who wear america's uniform, will give our troops the resources they need, to keep faith with our veterans and their families now and always, to never stop searching for those who have gone missing or who are held as prisoners of war. on a more basic level, every

american can do something even simpler. as we go about our daily lives, we must remember that our countrymen are still serving, still fighting, still putting their lives on the line for all of us. last fall, i received a letter from candy averett of charlotte, north carolina. both of her sons are marines and one served two tours in iraq and her youngest was in afghanistan at the time and he was, in her words, 100% devoted to his deployment and would not have had any other way. reading the letter was clear that she was extraordinarily proud of the life her boys had chosen but she also had a request on behalf of all the mothers like her -- she said " please don't forget about my child and every other breed and soldier over there will probably

choose to serve their country." and others plea. don'tother's pleqa - forget on this memorial day and every day. let us be true and meet that promise. singlebe our task every one of us to honor the strength and resolve and the love these brave americans felt for each other and for our country. let us never forget and always remember to be worthy of the sacrifice they make in our name. may god bless the fallen and all those who served and my god bless the united states of america. [applause]

[applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please remain standing for the playing of "taps" and the benediction. ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ >> let us now joined together one last time in prayer on these hallowed grounds for our servicemen. almighty god, continued to endeavor president and all our leaders with energy and insight and send us all of our with strength for the journey that lay ahead, let each and every day remind us to pray for the safety of our brothers and sisters in arms who stand at the tip of the spear for our nation this day for our freedom. nation, to bless this our friends and the flag

research. made the spirit of god be near you to defend you within you to refresh you, before you to guide you, behind you to justify you, and above you to bless you for ever more. go in peace brothers and sisters, amen. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please remain in place until the president has departed and the colors are retired. ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ you can see this memorial day replaying ceremony and the president's remarks again tonight at approximately 7:00 eastern here on c-span. here's a look at our memorial day schedule -- next giffords receives

the profile in courage award. a look at environmentalism from a conservative viewpoint with remarks from steve malloy. after that, commencement addresses from a newtown, conn. select a man and u.s. senators ted crews and al franken. >> after president grover cleveland lost his bid for reelection, his wife told the staff that i wanted to take care of all the furniture and ornaments for i want to find everything just as it is now when we come back again four years from today. >> and they did return to the white house winning the election of 1892. the lice -- the life of francis cleveland on "first ladies"tonight on c-span. month, formers

arizona congresswoman deborah giffords received a profile in courage award at a ceremony in boston. our coverage begins with the beginsal hunt traducing caroline kennedy. this is 15 minutes. >> we have a very high-powered committee. senators and house members, republicans, democrats, ceo's, america's greatest lawyers, most distinguished law school attendees and distinguished newspapers. all of us know who our leader is. she inherited her father and mothers intelligence, charm, grace, and diplomacy. the heart and soul of this magnificent place in this marvelous award, caroline kennedy. [applause]

>> thank you, thank you, al. going tod that ken was introduce new that was nicer than anything ken ever said. thank you all for coming. this is always a special day for my family and for the kennedy library as we commemorate my father's birthday and honor those who possess the indispensable virtue he most admired, courage. this year is more special. we remember his life and the 50th anniversary of the presidency, we also remember his death. our family is still suffering from the heartbreak of gun violence. no one should have to lose a husband, wife, a father, a child to senseless murder. as our honoree has shown, out of that pain and tragedy, you can find the strength to carry on and give meaning to our lives and build a more just and

peaceful world. the work that my uncle teddy did year in and year out to carry forward my father's vision for america, the heroic and selfless acts of the first responders and citizens during the recent events in boston, and uniquely courageous woman we honor today -- it reminds us how precious life is and how the human spirit can triumph over hatred and violence. before we begin today's presentation, i would like to salute the first responders and citizens of boston. all americans have been inspired by the countless acts of bravery and compassion we saw during the violence that struck this city on patriots day. today, we pray for those lost their lives and those who are fighting to recover. we give thanks for the men and women who a limited a path to open this city was gripped by fear. my family and his library are proud to call ballston home. now, we honor a woman who

inspires the entire world. gabrielle giffords has turned a personal nightmare into a movement for political change. after an assassination attempt ended her congressional career, and left her with great injuries, she fearlessly returned to public life as an advocate for new legislation to prevent gun violence when others would have withdrawn from public life, she has challenged us all to be engaged in the political process. but others would have given up hope, she has been unwavering in her belief that politics can solve problems. when others would have looked for excuses, gaby inspired action. before she was wanted on a terrible january day, she was a profile in courage. she was outspoken in our commitment to civil public discourse despite threats from angry partisans over boats she had cast as a legislator. since then, with the support of her remarkable husband mark, she

has not fallen silent. she understands this is not going to be easy and it is not going to happen quickly but it is the right thing to do. she perseveres not just for herself but for newtown and aurora, chicago, and tucson. her courage has already changed the way we look at guns in this country. our work will spare countless families from the pain and loss caused by gun violence. as she wrote in " the new york times," to do nothing while others are in danger is not the american way. wordsiffords lives those every day for it is my profound honor to present her now the 2013 profile in courage award. [applause] [applause]

[applause] >> thank you, caroline. thank you so much for recognizing my wife's extraordinary courage to be honored along with people she admired steeply like congressman john lewis or your own senator, edward kennedy, is amazing to gabty, i know that.

but i have to say, not to me, but to determination and the valor my wife gabrielle giffords displays every single day has or redefined the word "courage" for me. gaby dai has spent a lot of time at another place that honors president john f. kennedy and that's the kennedy space center in florida. it is the only place on the globe from which humans have departed our planet on a trip to the moon and from where i commanded the space shuttle discovery and also endeavor. it is not our first time here at the kennedy library in boston, we're glad to be back. we are so sorry for the violence and terror that all of you have endured. we know that that -- we know what that is like. gaby lived through a mass

shooting. we know how violence changes lives. touched by those violence, it matters less what you call it, crime, terrorism, war, because of violence defies categories. it is simply an prettily draws a line in the sense of time before and after. good writer gaby motorcycle around the foothills of those southern arizona mountains and speak easily and often to neighbors'. and after. before, when cristina taylor green's parents in tucson or marchant richards'' parents in dorchester, when they could go to sleep wondering what wonderful thing their child would say when he woke up the next morning and after. , ofthe victims of boston

the boston marathon bombing, we spent time with today at saplling rehab when they gathered on a sunny day to celebrate the demonstration of an amazing physical strength and determination when they must find the physical strength and determination necessary for their own recovery. we extend our deepest sympathies to all of you who have an toward violence and loss here. -- kurds for us, it is about but kurds for us is doing everything we possibly can to make sure that fewer parents face that loss. for me, it meant learning more about politics. previously, i handled the ac