million and they are using that money to go around shutting down coal-powered power plants. right now natural gas is cheap but it is a very spiky history. you never know what you are going to get. bloomberg is a problem on national level. last week he gave a speech where he said kohl is dead man walking. coal provides 40% of our electricity. we have a lot of money we can do a lot. >> i am wondering what role of mars corporation plays in this debate.

them helping you or are they pandering? >> that is a great question. large started out corporations would be interested in supporting people like me. they were interested in science, economics, but that is no longer the case. they have been hijacked by greens. you have chairman of the nature conserves, chairman of goldman sacks. it makes a big difference. do not signes which , theyan agreed agenda have frankly been intimidated from taking too high a profile on these issues. it is easy to demonstrate. is eitheramerica squeamish or they have been taken over. this is why i started this

mutual-fund. you really find out the there are not empty suits on environmental issues than there are green plants. it is a real problem for america. could you give us a very simple distinction, usable for students, between whetheather ad climate. >> weather is what is happening right now. climate is what is happening in the atmosphere. we hear the term climate-change. changing, always however it is generally changing very slowly. people are noticing what is

going on right now. i do not know if we can detect any significant climate change. years of the inner mentalists for panicking about global coolant. then it became global warming. became climate change. last year was extreme weather. let the want to --with "climate destruction climate disruption." >> hello. >> whoever has the microphone. >>, so much.

-- thank you so much. i think most the people around respond to almost everything. one question with respect to population, what about the cost benefit analysis. we say to ourselves -- why should we not want half the population that we currently have in 23 years? or 30 years?years the only downside is we will not be able to afford to continue with social security and medicare. if that is the case, eventually a crisis going to have to be paid. we cannot continue to increase the population in order to report -- in order to support medicare. why shouldn't we struggle to find a limit to population and avoid some of the problems?

ipad pour central planning. i think central planning is a failure. population control as a matter of central planning just makes me -- there is a natural effect when societies get welfare. welfare of a get pretty good that all three are going to grow up and do well. i am not for having more people to support social security and welfare. i am saying that is the liberal ilityrisy or sustainab problem. i do not think we should be saying who can be born and how many people there should be. i think this is a big planet and there are lots of resources as long as we have the ability to use them. the welfare societies become the cleaner, the healthier they

become. -- the wealthier societies become, the cleaner and healthier they become. statesok at the united in europe compared to russia and china and brazil and mexico. 1130 environments because it is poor. there is air pollution in china right now. even with all of the chinese economic growth they still do not feel they can afford basic controls on their smokestacks. it is for china to become more economically successful. we can afford to clean up the air. >> can you comment on the recent

narrative that if congress does not pass any action regarding they will do stuff executive action on this? >> he does not need executive orders. cut in farm to protection agency and thanks to justice kennedy and anthony, who granted the epa the authority to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the epa has launched carte blanche to do what they want. have been constructed these laws were all written by environmentalists. they were written by environmentalists to be enforced by environmentalists. industry lobbyist out there getting these lost just the way they want it -- that hasn't

happened in the environmental field. can beat epa in federal court is if you buy some egregious procedural error. you cannot question epa science, you cannot question epa economics. you cannot question epa decision making. all you can do is help define an -- hope to find the trip someplace. president obama can do a lot through the epa. he is in his last administration. in this and ministration he is expected to set standards for existing power plants that would drive them out of existence. people think president obama is for tracking and natural gas. tois only using natural gas

destroy the coal industry. and he likes the glut of natural gas. it has reduced the price so much. compete withannot it in the u.s. anymore. utilities are starting to plan for a non-cola future, relying on discontinued clutch. i can assure you the president obama and possibly president to killafter that wants fracking. in my book i describe how environmentalists to not like fossil fuels. they do not like solar wind, either. feinstein from california had a bill that blocked solar panels in the california desert, worried about

how they might interfere with the desert tortoise. you havewind farms, environmental impact statements of focus on how the wind turbines pylons might interfere with the reproductive habits of wales. it is crazy. to enter your question, president obama has a lot of authority.th the only tool congress has is the ability to say no. -- thosest four years things never had a chance of the senate. they seem reluctant to use budgetary power. they could just say no. but cut back funding for the epa but they have to be -- but haven't been willing to do that so far.

>> next, nasa administrator charles bolden talks about a manned mission to mars. this is just over half an hour. [applause] >> thank you all very much. i am excited about getting the word from the next three days. i think you all will have a tremendous time just browsing through the agenda. explore marsnk inc. and cw space policy ins titute for allowing me the opportunity to kick the summit off. i want to thank you for bringing this sound together. has nevermans to mars

been higher. both from an international counterpart and a growing number of american commercial space companies, many of whom are actually represented at this conference. and, of course, president obama has challenged us to send humans there by the 2013's. 30s.y the 2013's when i became an astronaut in 1980 my thought at the time, since i had not been a lifelong aspirant to become an astronaut, it was something that -- once late in my life i decided to get into the space program my vision was i would come to nasa and spend time being trained to be a shuttle

fly one,s, i would maybe two missions into space. is what i thought we going to do. challenger came along and it forever changed the course of history. stand on thew presence of a second opportunity to push forward what man's destiny is. that is to go to another planet. mars is that planet for us in our solar system. i am really excited about what they're going to do over the next few days. which used to be a game of one-on-one, has suddenly become a torrent of rivals that looks like the nba playoffs. i think that is a good thing. i recently did an interview on bloomberg where i was asked about the space race and the

potential for a race between china and states. i said that is not where we are going. the race is already on the race right now is among our industry partners to see he was going to be the first to give as a commercial to the ability to take astronauts to and from orbit. i am excited about that race. it is robust right now but we need the support of congress to grant the desires of the president and the 2014 budget to fully fund the commercial crew program so we can be on with it and allow us to spend our time entering on to mars. competition has always been the a part of american ingenuity and progress. nasa has been a leader. as i said many times the human mission to mars is the ultimate destination in our solar system formed humanity. programre exploration is a line to support this goal.

you will hear more about the specifics of our plan from some of our senior leaders from our human exploration space technology and science commission directorate later on today and through the week. i want to set the stage by giving you an overview of how nasa's overall strategy supports our scientific and human exploration of the red planet, and how the backing we have received from both the president and congress moves the ball forward. as many of you may recall three years ago president obama paid a visit to the kennedy space center, where he set a goal to sending a humans -- to sending humans to an asteroid by 2025 and a mission to march by the -- mission to mars by the 2030's. all of which free us to start work on building the next

generation of rockets and a multipurpose crew vehicles needed to take our pastor not be on the lower orbit and into deep space, including a planned mission to mars. if and when things that interest in human spaceflight has diminished since the end of our shuttle program let me remind you that last year we received the second-highest number of astronaut applications in history. over 6300. less than 20 of them will make the final cut that will be announced in coming weeks. these astronauts will be among the first to be trained specifically for long duration space flight. thatyear we also announced scott kelley will undertake a one-year mission to the international space station in 2015. that mission will add to our knowledge of the effects of microgravity on bone density, muscle mass, strength, addition, and other aspects of human health. this research is essential as the plan for a long duration

flight to mars. while nasa has not been immune to the economic downturn and the budget battles that have enraged washington in recent years, we remain central in the present's strategy of investing in science, technology, and innovation as essential to jump- start in our economy and winning the future. the president has proposed a fiscal year 2014 budget for nasa of $17.7 billion. this budget ensures the united states will remain a world leader and in space exploration and science discovery four years to come. critical advances in aerospace and aeronautics to benefit the american people. it is a budget that reflects to a's fiscal reality and aligns the full spectrum of activities to meet president's challenge to send humans to an asteroid by and and mars in 2013's --

mars in the 2013's. we're continuing america's leadership role in the exploration of the red planet. on the international space station our research is helping us prepare for missions to mars and other deep space destinations, such as an asteroid. our activities and experience on are making significant contributions in sending humans to mars. we are handling challenges that are critical to sending humans to mars. sending humans to mars, hopefully that resonates with what you're thinking about. an improved and life-support systems and challenges in maintaining them as well as learning about and handling the effects of microgravity on the human body. we are also using the iss as a

test bed for systems under development. our goals include new robotic missions to mars and a ground breaking astrid mission on the way to our ultimate goal of a human-martian mission. as you all have probably heard asset is developing a first ever mission to identify, capture, and relocate and aspirin. -- relocate an asteroid. with katharine and redirecting an asteroid will allow us to accomplish most paul bowles. of deep spacetage technologies that will provide valuable experience and operations that are needed for future cruise and deep space missions, including our planned visit to mars. second, it will allow our restaurants to interact with astronaut for potential resource

utilization in space. it will inform our efforts to prevent an asteroid from colliding with devastating force in to our planet. this mission has already begun to continue into the coming summer. leveraging capabilities throughout the agency we had planned to use a high-powered solar protection system -- how the solar proposed system to push an asteroid into eighth petitioned from orbit. after it will be able to return with samples were on sls roof and a profit. this presents a technological challenge, raising the bar for him and exploration and discovery, while helping to protect our planet and bringing us closer to a mission to one of these mysterious objects. .et me stop for a moment

will -- there are technological gaps to sending human to an asteroid and mars. time single moment in our and every single dollar must be dedicated to developing the technologies that allow us to go beyond orbit. unfortunately, in this fiscal time we cannot afford to be the leaders in both. the president and congress, most in congress, have decided we should be the leaders in going to places humans have never been before.

a strategy will take this to a strategy and help us develop better life support systems, better propulsion systems and a life that will make this easier -- and that will make it easier for us to venture to mars. return toll one day the surface of the moon. -- humans when they will return to the surface of the moon. -- faster and a lower cost to taxpayers than continuing with this business as usual. the astros strategy is preparing us for mars attorneys with technology development and operational capabilities that are needed for human missions to the red planet. build on ournition experience from iss prepares for even deeper space exploration by

offering a test environment that is very different than a low earth orbit. this experience, exploring an astronaut, will be critical for future more stories. it is worth noting that america's mars exploration program and our track record of successful missions to mars are second to none. the onlyis still nation that has successfully landed missions on the martian surface. fiscal year 2000 our total mars exploration totals $6 billion. ongoing and future missions will continue to improve our understanding of mars, allowing us to make better site selection for future land emissions -- for future land missions. nine years ago we landed the

spirit and opportunity rovers on the surface of mars. we currently have two satellites in orbit observing the planets. last august, after the most harrowing landing in the history of planetary exploration the curiosity touched down on the martian surface and is now assessing whether mars was or is today and aren't able to support life. today an environment able to support life. we will soon have radiation data from an instrument of curiosity that will help us better understand and overcome challenges to human life in the martian environment. year 2014 budget includes funding for another mission to the red planet, continues operations of rovers possibleers', makes the missions and scheduled coming november and

the launch of the lender in 2016. we have returned to partnership with the europeans and the back so mars program. be providing the communication package for their 2016 mission and 2018 mission. over the past year we have read calibrated power mars science program in order to optimize both what it can achieve scientifically and how it dances human exploration goals. i havermer astronauts learnt that scientific discovery and human exploration go hand-in-hand. nasa's mission is to reach new heights and explore the announcer that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.

unraveling to planetary puzzle about life and climate on mars is essential -- is the essential next step in realizing their vision. 's better coordinating nasa scientific and human exploration programs we will achieve our goals of discovering quicker and at less cost to the taxpayer. you have an exciting lineup of presentations over the next few days. i look for to hearing about the findings and recommendations from this important forum. thank you for allowing me to be here to help you get started. i look forward to the excitement that all of you are going to have and i look forward to listening when i can sneak away from the office and as the hills this week. the hills this week. thank you very much. [applause]

>> we have plenty of time for a few questions. if anyone wants to come up we still have a few minutes. thank you. one does not want to mess with the agenda. >> good morning. it seems a lot of the heavy lifting comes after 2016. what assurances do you give that the foundation is being laid for continued and expanded human presence in space? >> let me do a couple of things, american-human presence in space has been uninterrupted

since before the columbia accident. when we start construction of the international space station and put the first crew members , that was the beginning -- of aure on broken 10-year on the broken a span in space. as i mentioned in the early part of my remarks, what is critical to ensure that the u.s. has the capability to put our own folks into space as of 2017 for a commercial crew. $821 million is what we requested. we feel that will allow us to continue to move on with contracts and commercial

providers. we will have an american capability to take astronauts to the international space station beginning in 2017. that is the critical first step. we are on schedule. you are going to hear some pretty technical presentations later in this forum where you will hear how we are moving year,ously along to next the fall of 2014, when we will launch and on crude version of all ryan on delta for. -- of zero ryan on delta four. ofwill give us an idea whether it is too robust the -- so it can make of me make a plea to those you who are here and represent the community. 230 metric tona vehicle.

if we need a 70 metric ton vehicle that we can put with to demonstrate the the lithify translunar mission and back to earth safely -- to demonstrate a translunar mission and packed earth safely. what happens when we are forced to go right to 130 metric ton vehicles is we are on the way to what happened with consolation, where we have a very robust launch vehicle and no money, no assets to develop the other systems that allow us to explore. met an evolving process for developing the vehicles and systems that we need. i am hoping we will be able to work with congress and the i understand survey will continue to fund us with the evolving system.

>> i was wondering, what is your opinion on mars one? do you think it will succeed in its goal? >> i think he said it -- >> mars 1. >> do i think we will colonized by 2023? i do not know. i do not know what their plan is. who supportive of anyone wants to foster the development of a capability to put humans in the martian environment. i cannot comment on what they're doing or planning. the planl you that that we have in place, the asategy we have in place supported by the president and funded will have humans at least in the martian

environment by the mid 2013's -- midhe mitt 2030 -- by the 2030s. thank you very much. >> good morning. i'm with independent technology consultants and aerospace engineering. what are your biggest challenges from congress and the correct ministrations and where are you seeing the most pressure to either reduce funding or cut programs? >> i am the administration so there's no pressure for me. i know what you meant, though. the administration is a big organization. the primary pressure from congress -- it may seem like it

has nothing to do with exploration but it has everything to do with exploration. that is sufficient funding for our commercial crew programs. the road map on which we are presently embarked requires a certain amount of funding for technology development, development of solar electric propulsion, what we're trying to do is and still competition at every step along the way, and teaching industry, academia, international partners, the private industry. lockheed martin and nasa announce something i am very excited about, and exploration design challenge. we announce that a month ago at the kennedy space center, where we have opened it up to anyone. we are really focused on school kids. we are hoping we will get kids from kindergarten through 12th grade will submit proposals for systems that can protect astronauts from radiation when

they go into deep space. we have no idea what will come up. i was at a function this past weekend were the vice-president of lockheed martin mentioned that we have received more than 300 -- more than 34,000 applications from school kids around the world. that is really exciting. of a hopeful future for us when we have that many young school kids who are interested in trying to help make it possible for astronauts to go to deep space. >> thank you, no more questions. >> one more. >> good morning. a transportation

engineering consultant. the executive branch's point change in a few years. to change ingoing a few years. so we can follow through with the roadmap we are on right now, knowing there will be a political change, wherever it ends up going. recently there were some capitol hill visits that i participated with talking about advocacy for sending humans to mars. i heard from some congressional there are some people on capitol hill trying to think about funding nasa differently so it is not in annual funding type