again without blaming somebody else, in a way that isolates you from them. perhaps we will never know what tipped the scales of those young men who did the terrible thing the boston marathon. perhaps we will never fully understand what happened to that young man who drove the car bomb into times square. all the others who found that all their cooperation options were close, and the only way they could say hey look at me, i met her, i mean something, to take somebody else down. if you were going to avoid that, you have to be able to begin again. the thing i liked about being here today is that you still like to laugh.

it is a part all cultural -- is a part of our culture and it is essential in life. but i will close with this story. i hope you will remember it. try to do something that makes you happy. try to find a way to serve. try never to forget what we have in common is more important than our interesting and profoundly important differences. don't give up on yourself. or your life. one of the most rewarding experiences that i had, or have had since i left the white house, is the opportunity to work in south asia after that horrible tsunami which occurred a couple of years before hurricane katrina. it was devastating to indonesia and southeast india and sri lanka. parts of thailand. president bush asked me to work with his father for a while. i did that. i work with the u.n. for two

years. we had a great time. because of the disaster am a long-standing civil conflict in indonesia was settled, because it brought back the fishing to them together. we brought new opportunities to grow and sell coffee to them together. but in every disaster, as you remember from katrina, and as we see in haiti, where i'm working, the housing is always the hardest thing to fix. there was one tent city, which 40,000 people in indonesia were sweltering, miserable in these hot tents. as the u.n. coordinator, i had to go visit and let them on load me because we were six months late in getting them out of there. i showed up and the president of the camp was there. they had elected a president. he introduced me to his wife, and to his.

a 10-year-old boy, that i still believe to this day is the single most beautiful child i've ever seen. his life -- his eyes were luminous. i had a young indonesian woman working as my interpreter. when i started the two were -- tour, the mother and son went off. i said, i believe that is the most beautiful boy i've ever seen in my life. she said, yes him and he is very handsome. before the soon on the, he had nine brothers and sisters. they are all gone. every last one of them. i have two points to make. first, this man, who had lost nine of his 10 children, let me through that camp with a smile on his face, and never talked about anything but what those other people needed, and what he needed me to do for them.

he honored his children by pouring himself into meeting the needs of the people left on earth. so, we do the two were. -- tour. they ended at the health clinic. he were talking, and all of a sudden, the man's wife showed up again. this time, holding a three-day- old baby. she said, this is our youngest residents. we want you to name this child. she was carrying the baby, not the mother. i hesitate to tell you all this, what am a mother gives birth when you baby, she gets to go to bed for 40 days and be waited on. [laughter] you should ask congressman cummings to introduce that next week preset how far that gets in the congress.

this woman, who had lost nine of her 10 children,'s -- nine of her 10 children, was holding baby. i said, you will be to name the child? it was a boy. they said yes. i said, they're my interpreter, what is the word in your language that can be an name that means new beginning? this woman got a big smile on her face. she said to me to my yes, lucky for you, and our language the word dawn is a berries -- boys name. we will name this boy dawn. he will be the symbol of our new beginning. i am telling you this because no matter what happens to you, it is highly unlikely that you will ever face anything as awful as what happened to that mother and

father. they somehow found the strength to treasure the ones who remained, and to serve others. that is the heritage that you take with you from howard. that is what your people are doing in rwanda half a world away. if you do what makes you happy, and you don't give up, and you keep serving, i think you will live in the most interesting, prosperous, and peaceful time in human history. good luck. god bless you all. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national onble satellite corp. 2013]

monday the white house hosted a conference on mental health issues and awareness with health providers in state and local officials. we will bring you live coverage beginning with president obama the gaming at 9:40 a.m. eastern followed by kathleen sebelius on c-span2. vice president joe biden and aeration psyche will speak at the conference. their remarks begin at 2:00 eastern on c-span3. next, a look at the election of pakistani prime minister in your washer he. she was in her home country for the first of the credit change of power. she's introduced by the u.s. ambassador to pakistan. this is just over an hour.

>> let me introduce our introducer, wendy chamberlin, a veteran diplomat who has served in the u.s. department of state, worked for the u.n. high commissioner on refugees, and now serves as president of the middle east institute. she has been there since 2007. a 29-year veteran of the u.s. foreign service, she was ambassador to pakistan from 2001 to 2002 when she played a key role in securing pakistan's operation in the campaign to boot out al qaeda in afghanistan after september 11. as assistant administrator in the asia near east bureau of the usaid from 2002 to 2004, ambassador chamberlin oversaw civilian reconstruction programs in iraq and afghanistan and development assistance programs throughout the middle east and east asia. other assignments included u.s.

ambassador to -- director of public affairs for the near east bureau, arab israeli affairs, so she is been all over. a graduate of northwestern university, ambassador chamberlin earned a degree from boston university and attended the executive program at harvard. she serves on the boards of the american academy for diplomacy and the hollings center. she is a member of the trilateral commission. her pieces have been published in "the washington post." she has commented on pakistan and the middle east in interviews with "the newshour," nbc, abc, fox news, and al jazeera. please give a warm welcome for ambassador chamberlin.

>> thank you very much. that was far too generous an introduction for a mere introducer. we have a star performer today who we are looking forward to hearing from. i really do not need too much of an introduction for your president, nuchhi currier, who has been president of your club, the women's national democratic club, for nearly four years. you are in for a treat this afternoon, because she will provide the insider's view on what has happened in the historic pakistan national elections only just last week. she was not only raised in lahore, but she was in lahore

last week as an election observer of the elections. i might point out that the winner of the election, who won a clear victory, is from lahore. nuchhi will be able to provide us an insider's view. she will provide a larger look at the political culture of pakistan, and she will be able to tell us about the significance of this election for not only regional stability and pakistan, but for the u.s.- pakistani relations. i am often asked as a former ambassador to pakistan why is it that we care so much, why do we talk so much about pakistan? for those of you in this room, from an educated audience, you know, as our troops and nato troops begin this drawdown from afghanistan, the incoming government in pakistan will be consequential to the stability in the region, and this impacts us directly.

pakistan is important to us because it is -- sharif will inherit the fastest-growing nuclear arsenal in the world. we talked about iran. they do not have bomb yet. pakistan between 100 and 200 bombs, and it is growing, as is their delivery capability. it is one of the fastest-growing populations in the world in which over half, nearly 60%, are under 35, also consequential to us, and you want to know that we give our largest assistance packages to pakistan, nearly $3 billion a year in economic and

military assistance. this is a country that we do care about. we are pakistan's biggest trading partner. we care about this election. nuchhi will tell us more about it. let me tell you about her. nuchhi has had a very successful career in the private sector. she has worked in senior management positions in the gulf, in dubai, in south asia, but also here in the united states. she made a career switch when she returned to get her master's degree in international affairs at columbia university, and has worked very closely after that with various agencies within the u.n. system, writing and doing reports for unicef and the public affairs for the u.n. she did that before she became your president, and i have watched her here a couple of times and watched as nuchhi has

revitalized the women's national democratic club and put it active hub of debate and dialogue that your club certainly enjoyed during its heyday with eleanor roosevelt. i know nuchhi will soon be leaving and will turn over the presidency to the next president, who introduced me. and just a final note, anna's great-grandmother was herself eleanor roosevelt. to anna and to nuchhi, please join me in welcoming a most remarkable woman. [applause] >> thank you for the kind intervention. thank you so much, wendy. downstairs i have a few blog

posts that i have done on election, which are sitting at the table. you can read them. they are in great detail and depth. i will read from them, little bits and pieces, but i wanted to start out with facts of what really happened in this election. the fact usually in pakistan are a little hazy and a little fudgy and a little hard to come by. this was the first time a civilian-elected government completed a five-year term and handed over power at the ballot box. in pakistan's 66 years, this has never happened before.

governments are usually trounced by the army, and so they never have completed a full term. the reason i wanted to be there was because the excitement that this election generated again is unprecedented, and i have been in pakistan since the elections, and people said it does not make a difference whether we vote or not. those people do not vote. in this particular election, there was -- the number is not quite solid, but it is between 55% and 60% of the election that voted. even in advanced democracies, you do not have that. this truly was an exciting election.

there were new motives that came out. my family was one of them. my 86-year-old mother was one of them, she was in karachi where a lot of the bad stuff happened at polling stations. she got there, she and her sister and her friend at 8:00 in the morning, and they said we will not leave until we have voted him and they voted. there was a revote there because there is hanky-panky that happened, and she was back again to vote again, and her candidate won. then i have other stories, just being there, so at night a very social society, so there were dinner parties every night. of course, everybody is attending, and everybody had stuff to say, and every single party was represented at these various events. went i was returning back home, midnight, 1:00, 2:00 in the morning, you saw young people reveling in the streets. this is before the election. they are out in cars, shouting to each other, and the excitement was unbelievable, but i would not have known that, i

would have not since that if i had not seen it. and you will not read that in the paper, and even there i did not read that. this has not been captured at all. before the election, you saw all the different parties that were out there rejoicing, celebrating, hoping. and after the election, the winning party, they were dancing in the streets. you could see there were police around, but they stayed back. we know that the army was back because there was a lot of threats, but you never saw a single army guy or an army -- and to me that was remarkable again, because usually in pakistan, there is a show of force by the armed forces. here, they were invisible. but they were there. i know this. and they were keeping basically

the peace. to me, it was one of the most exciting trips i have taken. i go every year. but this was an incredible time to be there. now, one of the facts is that in many parts of pakistan traditional, futile, and tribal structures remain in place and the electorate there followed traditional voting patterns. this is particularly true of punjab, which is where i hail from, which is where the winner hailed from, and so it was somewhat of a foregone conclusion. i said in one of my blogs that he was the favorite. he actually won twice as many seats and votes as the next person. and so he was a clear winner. that is again a first for pakistan. usually we have a hung parliament, and then our coalitions are formed, which basically means that it is a unique structure, like here,

where if congress is opposing the presidency, then it is just hard to enact law. we just hope that the right thing now gets done by the winning party in pakistan. i am just going to give a few facts and figures for those come up because i know there are people in the audience who are very familiar with pakistani politics. the winning party, the muslim league, took 126 national assembly seats and 24.9 million votes. and now i am going to talk about the next two, because one of the electoral votes, the other one won more seats.

the pti, headed by the cricket star, the dashing mr. khan, he took 28 seats, but he took more votes, 7.7 million votes. the ppp, which was the incumbent ruling party, which is the one secular party, which is the benazir bhutto party, they won more seats, but they won only 6.9 million votes. there are still seven seats which are in contention, and it might be possible that there will be a slight shift between the ppp and the ppi. but it will be minor. the fact is that ppi, the new party that generated this excitement, people voted for them because they wanted change.

this is the party of change, because he came in -- and i have a blog on him in particular -- he came in with this message of clean government, because there has been a lot of corruption in pakistan, especially among the ruling elite and his one mission was to have got to get away from this and people flock to him because of that. in previous elections he had not won a single seat. for him to have 28 seats is a

monumental task. these are mostly new voters. just to let people know how the vote system works, 126 needs are needed to form a government. 18 independents have joined the winning party, so they have more than enough, so they do not and need to make a formal religion with another party, an opposition party. but the other two which i find interesting is, each of the parties won majorities in a different main provinces, so the winning party wins in the punjab. then ppp, the incumbent outgoing ruling party, they win the other province, and the new upcoming glamour party, the young party, they win the most difficult province, which is the frontier, which adjoins afghanistan, which is all your terrorism is happening, which is basically the trouble spot in the country. and so i guess this is the price he wins.

he has to govern that now. this is not going to be easy for him, but basically what this means is that every single party has a vested interest in government, and that they are going to be responsible to make sure that their piece works in conjunction with the center, so there has to be a level of cooperation. you cannot just point fingers only. i'm sure a lot about what happened, too. it inevitably happens in government. yet another interesting thing that happened, the army. i will quote the army chief. he said, in these elections, the people of pakistan not only courageously withstood the threat of terrorism, they also defied the unfounded dictates of an insignificant and misguided majority. he is talking about the religious nuts.

he said they were shown their place, they did not win any seats and he did not win many. they won maybe one or two. it is so big insignificant that it does not cap. over and over again, the population of that country tells us that this is not where they are at. it is just that what we hear in the rest of world are only those loud voices which are speaking this speech of hate and of terror and extremism. i am not trying to minimize that threat. the taliban threat is real and present. two days before the election, i was there, in lahore, and i was supposed to meet the interim chief minister, who came here

and spoke year. she said, we cannot let anyone into the house, we cannot go out. we are not going to be able to vote because the ex-prime minister's son had been kidnapped a few days ago and apparently they had intercepted some intelligence that they were going to be a spate of suicide bombers all over the country. she said it is off, we are not going to meet the date. election day dawns, nothing happens, and everybody goes out to vote, and i cannot even tell you what it was like. i went with my brother and we drove around the entire city. there was jubilation everywhere. friends of mine went into the interior part of lahore, which is a really congested, wonderful part of lahore, which is where all your moments are, but it is also where there is a lot of

poverty. even there it felt like a fiesta. what you saw was a little but different, because what you saw in the more affluent areas were the pti, the young party, which was ascendant, and when you went into the interior part, that is where you saw the established party has actually won. if you went all over, then you could see the writing on the wall. you could see the majority was probably going to go the way of what was predicted. the other thing that i found unbelievable was the role that the media played. the television was emulating

what cnn or msnbc or anybody was doing during the election coverage. geotelevision was emulating what they saw on cnn and nbc. she had two televisions. there were foreign correspondence and everyone you can think of. 1% and 2%. it was like i was back here. it was exciting. you know what is happening. i was screaming, oh my gosh. we were doing the same thing there. before the election day, television, we were educating people about the election process. we were guiding people. we were telling them it was a civic duty. if they wanted a change, they had to do this.

that made a difference. i was blown away. i would not have known that if i had not seen it. and then there were irregularities. we had that also. [laughter] maybe a little bit more. people were taking pictures. there is much more accountability than there ever has been. the large factor i will mention is we have a resilient judiciary now in pakistan. it is a new thing. i think all of these factors are going to help in keeping politicians a little bit more honest than they have been. i won't say much about u.s.- pakistan relations. i am going to give a little

anecdote. i was in pakistan in march. i do not know i would go back. i wanted to be back for the election. at a dinner party, i met with the american consulate general. i met with the german counselor. we were basically quizzing each one. we feel safe when we are there. american contingent said that they would much rather be back in town where there is much more movement. the german counselor said to me, of course i feel safe. why would i not feel safe? i'm not in danger. you guys are in danger. what do they gain if they get mad at me? [laughter]

the italian ambassador's wife said to me, you know, my daughter goes to the beach every day. it depends on who feels targeted and who is targeted. otherwise, it is not what it is basically presented as in the press. let me see if there is anything else i want to say. i'm not going to read anything from my log because it is out there and you can read it. i want to mention a couple of things that pakistan fears in

the next couple of years going forward. they have real problems. the economy is in shambles. there might be eight to 10 hours a day in heat when there is no electricity. most people do not have generators. that is a big issue. in the winter, there was a gas shortage. what happens to business? it is directly related to the state of the economy, the state of the energy crisis. the new government is focused on two things -- one, the economy and the energy crisis. they are also very concerned about what is happening in afghanistan. what happens affects pakistan. there was no drug problem and now pakistan has a drug problem. they inherited a lot of issues because of whatever geopolitical reasons.

there is a real fear of possibly civil war in afghanistan. what does that mean for pakistan? the other issue is they want the taliban to go home. then they can deal with their own who have been converted. there are difficult issues at stake. i'm going to open the floor up for questions and discussions. i will request my very able to partner to come and join me. we will field questions together. ask anything you want. [applause]

>> ok. >> you mentioned the figure 55%- 60% of the electorate voted. what about the percentage for women who voted? what role did women play? is there a league of women voters in pakistan? how is electorate prepared for voting? >> women were out in force. i was at different polling stations. there were more women than men. i think that 464 women ran for parliamentarian seats. that is more than any other country i know. it was still -- even in the most conservative frontier regions -- there were two women who ran.

women ran for seats. [applause] women are a force in pakistan. amazing force in pakistan. that is a story that really does not get told. >> one of the peculiarities of the pakistan system with regard to women in parliament was introduced by -- having reserved seats for women. now they have moved swiftly for those reserved seats. that will continue. pakistani elites are very much behind having female representation. just to stress what she was saying about the border area, it is very dangerous.

the taliban was relentless. it was with the precise goal to kill democracy. men showed up at the polls at the border area, but so did the women. this was a victory for democracy and a defeat for the ideology of the taliban. >> you mentioned that there is a new government. but [indiscernible] was formally part of the government. i do not think he has a very

good representation for honesty and transparency. can you comment on that? >> it is in my blog post, but i will mention he has been running the government. he never completed his term. most of our civilian government and our military government have been warned for less than honest practices. whether they be civilian or army. which is why the message resonated so much. he is known to set up universities and hospitals. the hope was that if he were to win that he would at least do away with this horrible corruption that persists in pakistan. pakistan is not the only country that has this level of corruption. i can name a few. but that doesn't change the fact that politicians have been less than honest.

everyone that i spoke to said that he has learned his lesson. we hope he will govern more effectively this time and in a less -- way than he has in the past. >> i will chime in on that. the history of pakistan is rife with large corruption. big and dramatic stealing of public funds. but there are practices within the democracy that we here in america would consider corruption which is not corruption. that is where their democracy works.

you are in a village and you would like your -- to get a job at the local government. you go to a political party. whoever it is, the most dominant party in your province. you work through that to get a job or to get your son through school. in exchange for that, you agree to go out and get votes from your village. we call that corruption. >> nepotism >> exactly. but they call it patronage. >> it is same in the u.s. with getting jobs and stuff.

>> thank you. that was fascinating. i do not have an answer for this question of why i'm asking it. how does this change pakistan's international relationship, particularly vis-a-vis india and solving the crisis? >> that is a good question. the first thing he said was that he wanted to extend a hand toward india. he had tried to do that in the past as well. there was a lot of talk in the newspapers that at his swearing in that the prime minister from pakistan would come.

but there is a lot of hope in that direction. he is focusing more on india than he is on afghanistan. we want to play a role or else they will lose in the geopolitical game. but his trust appears to be more toward india. he sees the trade. that is another very serious thing for him. >> when he was prime minister in his second term, he was moving toward better relationship with india when the military moved against him, the military coup. they do not want to see a warming relationship with india. a lot has happened since. there has been some very

positive steps forward in improving relationships with india and doing trade with india. i think we will see a continuation in the prime minister characters to do so. >> there was an event on election night. journalists were at this particular event in india. they were all stationed in new delhi. they're covering the election. when you're in that kind of setting, it seems strange that there should not be more of a

cohesive relationship between the two countries. they have so much in common. hopefully in the next decade, we are going to go to a place where there is a lot of cooperation. ok. >> a nice segue to my question that has to do with the army. the army kind of stood back and let this happen. i'm sure they have got good reasons. looking ahead a little bit, do you foresee that the government will have a bit more space to deal with these policy issues without an army coup happening? >> that seems to be the indication. one never knows. we have a saying that says i'm going to try. when the line gets a taste of blood, it is very hard to wean them away from it.

they have tasted power. one hopes that this election that there'll be some weaning away from the old powerful army. >> they have learned their lesson. the population started turning against them. they have pulled back in the last several years from having heavy involvement. i think there'll be a continuation of that. there are issues where they will say, this is our turf. i would not expect the government to trespass into that turf. those issues will be afghanistan and the handling of the nuclear weapons arsenal.

i think there'll be some continuation of army control and >> yes.reas at least. go ahead. >> this is changing the subject a little. i wonder whether there is a country being affected by climate change and whether there is a concern about water and natural resources and whether this has entered into the campaign at all. is there any difference between the candidates if they discuss that? >> i think that would be a step beyond. they do not have energy or access to energy. they just one energy at any cost at the moment. once they have that, then you

come to whether you want a sustainable kind of method. at the moment, electricity is a big issue. water has been a huge, political issue. thea and pakistan share same source. politicalason for strife. i do nothing climate change and that kind of stuff has really entered the discourse. there are basic things they are dealing without the moment. ofit does affect the lives the pakistani. one could argue it is not a natural disaster. it is a man-made disaster. the irrigation system has become -- so many years of neglect. heavy rains have flooded it. the agriculture production is being degraded year after year. the flooding came from excessive melting of the glaciers. that is climate change. they are deeply affected by

climate change. >> we will have sharon and then deedee. >> was there any talk about our drone program in the media or socially or anything? >> we always talk about the drone program. warranted or not, that always becomes the one issue that everyone stands behind. it is our sovereignty that is being -- >> [inaudible]

>> right. drone attacks have scaled back. recentident obama's speech, did you see that woman who was carried out for protesting? it was medea who spoke here. it has been a major issue. it will be a major issue. it has been a great whipping boy in pakistan. >> within the election and the campaign, drones is captured by -- he made this a signature issue. he was against the drones and

corruption. that explains for his wide popularity among youth and women in particular. he intends to negotiate with the united states because it is a sovereignty issue. to take a deeper dive into the issue, it gets far more complicated. a public policy of pakistan and the military and the government is to oppose the drone. however, our program is helpful when it goes after targets. the pakistani taliban have the goal of overthrowing the pakistani state.

there have been some collusion when the targets are clearly enemies of the state. where it gets confusing even for us is that those targets are not americans. they do not target americans. there are other groups that cross the border and target americans. even here, people in the united states that support the drone program in pakistan, ask questions. are they pakistanis'enemies? there is a raging debate in that continuum.

for moral and futuristic reasons. they oppose it not because they oppose drones, but because it is going after people who were not our enemies and putting us therefore in danger. >> let's do it here. deedee. isafter the election, what the role of the climate of extremism now? are people going to be less extremist? is religion going to play a more important role or secularism? complicated

question. generally, religious parties with religious leaderships, it is the secular wars that got heard. there have been religious leanings. one of the reasons that [indiscernible] was previous ousted by the army was because they wanted to call himself something similar to the pope. religion was very much about agenda at that time. conventional wisdom has it that he has learned his lesson. he is not going to do that. that remains to be seen.

the population has made its voice heard. they have said that is not the route they want to follow. i want to divert a little bit and then i will hand the microphone over. my son is in the performing arts. he is between new york and pakistan. a tells me that it is such vibrant scene in pakistan. there is a renaissance happening in that country because it is full of young people. there's so much positive energy there. i have always been rah, rah, rah, but my son has more this time around. there is only one way to go and that is up. >> let me be a little bit more pessimistic.

[laughter] not to contradict anything that she has just said, because i agree with everything she has just said, but to draw a clear line to between the threats of pakistan from extremists and terrorist groups with those that are below just -- with those that are religious, you can be very religious and not be a terrorist. sometimes we confuse the two. on the extremist side, the terrorist side, i'm still pessimistic.

many of the indigenous terrorist groups are from the punjab. this is still very active. what will the new government's reaction be? i would like to hear what nuchhi has to say. i'm not very optimistic. the terrorist groups are getting more interwoven in society. i would hope to see government the would not be intimidated by terror. i would like to hear what you have to say. >> i think the government is going to be fully in control. these right wing forces have tried to curry support. in punjab, it will be up to them to set the tone. we will wait to see what happens in the next few months. the chief of the party has had religious leanings himself.

iso not know where this going to go with him. he has in the past supported these groups whether it was clearly are not, but we do not know what his government will like now and which way he will go. he can set a very clear agenda. the hope is that he will be very clear on this one issue. it is one of the most important issues facing pakistan. >> the indications to look for then for bringing stability is to build up a police. that is a vehicle, the institution -- it is not the army. the police have been abysmally funded. i was very interested in providing assistance to the police. he told me, you do not know how bad it is. when a policeman is in a very belage, he is likely to

sitting under a tree. someone comes up to him and says, my house was robbed. come to make a report. he says, ok. lend me a piece of paper and pencil and give me a ride back here. that is how desperate the police are. i have not heard anything yet that he intends to build up the police. >> and there's a lot of intimidation that happens. i come from a well-known family. i got struck by a lowly police man. i said, don't you know how i am? that has been the culture. it will be very hard to break that culture and empower the people. it will be a long, drawn out process. be sitting under a tree. let's go in the back. >> thank you for sharing your

experience with us from your perspective. i know that women voters are on the rise in pakistan. i was curious about the administration of the election. were women involved and working in the polling places? there were some at your mother's precinct. share with us the good, bad, and ugly. >> women are a very active force in pakistan. there was a place where most of the bad stuff happened. i think it is criminal more than anything else. it is like a little mafia that is run by one of the parties. at her polling station, they would not allow -- to come in. there could be no voting.

in a lot of places, because everything got delayed, they were even one hour. a lot of shady things happened. trashs were stuck in the and they stuff the ballots. my brother told me one of his supplier said to him, you know what? you know what my family did? we sat down after 5:00 and we said, all a 20% voted. we cannot go to 100%, but we it go up to 85% to make credible. but three of them sat there and they filled out the ballots. i met with the eu -- i had a long discussion with them.

i was at a dinner. they said if we can see it, we can't report it. you really cannot monitor. >> you cannot do the math. i have talked to other election observers locally that there weren't -- i cannot remember the figures -- let's say 5000 ballots and only 4000 actually voted. you can do the math. all of that said, the

conclusion are, there's no dispute in the election. as nuchhi pointed out, the expected a certain ballot. >> it was a clear victory. 186 million people. >> here is a good social work question. >> ok. >> i have a good picture of the political aspects of pakistan. i do not have a picture of the family structures in pakistan, possibly on the lower end of the scale better access to education and healthcare. can you comment on any of that? >> pakistan has a huge population and huge problems of

policy. the state by and large has not done the job it should have done. i have always to the state has abdicated its responsibility in providing education and health. the kind of thing society expects. i'm going to give a very personalized view on this. i have seen all of my friends and those who have lived abroad

and gone back. people like me who have lived abroad for 15 or 20 or 25 years are going back because they to be there and give back to it. i know so many people who are setting up schools and clinics. a huge amount of charity work that is happening in pakistan. it is part of religion to give back to the needy. ofre's a huge amount

unemployment. the people are employed in household and homes. that is how a lot of these people get their employment. a lot of families take care of their servants and their children. they send them to school and take care to education. it is an imperfect system at best. lots of issues. a lot of overpopulated portions. >> i would like to say what i learned the most about the family structures -- you help me with the title and the author -- pakistanthor's half

and half american. brit, i think? american. ok. he writes about the upstairs and downstairs syndrome. his story appears in the new yorker. he wrote a book. it has a catchy title. he wrote the reluctant fundamentals. the filthy rich in rising asia or something like that. it is the same structure on both sides of the title. the book talks about how the underclass lives in these societies. he talks about chauffeurs.