the spare room subsidy because it is right to be fair between people in private rented accommodation and socially rented accommodation. this is the perfect prelude to the spending review we are about to hear about. are notld us that they going to be responsible about spending, they will accept the cuts that have been made. we here week after week complaining about the difficult decisions we have had to take and promising to reverse them. that is why they have absolutely no credibility whatsoever. >> you have been watching "question time" from the british house of commons. it airs live every wednesday when the house is in session and again on sunday night on c-span. watch any time on c-span.org, where you can find videos of past "question time."

as well as other public affairs programs. costoloitter ceo dick talks about his company and the nsa surveillance programs. with charles, q&a bolden. then another chance to see david cameron take questions from members of the house of commons. fromking a transition journalism to books is exhilarating and completely overwhelming and frightening. but wonderful. >> why did you make that choice? long wanted to be working on a book because of the freedom it allows you to dive into a topic and go off on tangents and have enough time to really explore it fully. sunday, taboo sciences, living in space, the afterlife, and the human digestive system. mary roach will take your calls and tweets next weekend on book

tv. costolotter ceo dick discusses his company's refusal to take part in the nsa surveillance program called prism. it was part of the american society of news editors conference on wednesday. this is one hour. >> in washington, twitter has become the talk of the town for being omitted from the prism row thatm that will -- program we are all reporting on. i will start with this. how did twitter stay out of resume -- of prism? >> the way i would answer that is he have taken what i think is a very specific, principled

approach to request for user information, which can be generally summed up as, when we receive a specific, legal request in the company in which we operate, the u.s. hearst and foremost,- first and we react to those requests and do what we need to do and obey the rule of law. requests,ceive broad we pushed back to ensure that they are legally valid. that -- wee requests have been very public about cases -- with cases like wiki leaks. in defense of our users rights to know when the their information is being requested.

ourre not petulant about responses to any of these things. we have a principled stance and we try not to cross that line. request that is too broad, we push back on it. >> it feels like you are dancing around this thing called prism. you cannot talk much about it. does it bother you that you cannot talk more about your relationship with the government and these sorts of things? >> the interesting thing for me this thing publicly before with request in the uk or a kind of injunction in which an , notction is issued that only are you not allowed to say that this football player is having an affair with this

person, but you are not allowed to say that there is an injunction preventing you from saying that. those kinds of things have always seemed very tough. those kinds of things, those kind of situations are locally different in different countries. i just think they are very disturbing. we have called for and would like to see more transparency around these types of requests. >> google has petitioned the government to be able to disclose the number of requests. break that apart so there could be more clarity on those specific intelligence requests. is that something you support or would like to see? >> we have not taken a formal position, but generally speaking, our own counsel has tweeted support or google's position. youenerally believe that,

know, google issues their own transparency reports about requests received and the way they responded to those. we do the same thing. we have another report coming out in about one month on the requests that we received between the beginning of the year and what will be about one week now. that will be coming out in about a month. we would like to see more transparency from other inpanies in our field and reaction to the specific comments you are making about google, generally speaking, yes, we would like more transparency on both sides. >> one thing your counsel said is that -- >> well done. >> thank you. you start with the philosophy that your users own their own data. can you talk a little bit about that?

do you believe there can be pricing on social media and that users can expect privacy? to answer your first question, yes. canbsolutely believe users see privacy. just because a technology is possible does not mean you do not go down the path having a reasonable discussion about what should and should not be done with that. obviously, we will see that discussion take place around things like location services and whether they should be locked in or not. is capturing that information, is it ok for applications to be using it without any consent from the user? those are reasonable discussions. the kinds of discussions that users and consumers would expect everyone to be having. i absolutely believe it is perfectly reasonable to have an

expectation of privacy. it is up to policymakers to figure that out and set the right course in a way that does not hamper the kinds of innovations that people want. usersyou think that should be able to opt in? services are opt in. we think it works and makes it easy and obvious. when you want to start tweeting your question, you are using location services. it starts off by default. those are the reasonable expectations that people should have. as long as you are providing them with that ability to say yes, i do want to say that i tweeted from this particular , we have answered that question in the affirmative. >> if you are trying to gather news as a reporter or news editor or as a regular reader,

it is hard not to be on twitter and get the news first. even the last two days, finding the missing red panda from the national zoo was all over twitter. , if anybody followed the texas filibuster, that was pretty amazing to watch the uprising and the role that twitter played in politics. and it was the number one trending topic last night. >> do you have any stats on how many people -- >> we do not have that. i noticed last night while that was happening that it had become the number one trend in the country. >> a local event that became national and international on this platform. it begs the question, what is twitter? are you a news organization? >> the answer to what is twitter is, we think about twitter as a global town square where public,

real-time, live conversational media is distributed. we feel that we are the only company that brings all of those characteristics. public, real-time, conversational, and widely distributed. tweets go everywhere, not just the twitter application, but these websites and everywhere else. we are the only service that provides that capability. those capabilities, in aggregate, create this town square. is it a news organization or not? we think of twitter as a technology company and media business. we think of ourselves as technologists first. to the percent of employees are engineers. that is a thing we stick to to make sure we are focused first

and foremost on technology and the future of technology. analysis orew any synthesis of the information that pours in. we do not do journalism. we do not report on the tweets that come in. thehis global town square, people are saying what they are saying. we think we are very complementary to news organizations, because it is the responsibility of journalists to analyze and curate the , separaten coming in the signal from the noise and provide more depth to it erie it -- to it. we could go farther to say that one of the reasons we invest so hard in embedded tweets is the ability to use our api for free.

take the tweets and embed them into washingtonpost.com or wherever for free. one of the reasons we do that is because we think of our service as so complementary to news that it would be helpful for these services to take this information, plant them on their own pages and use them as they will. oftentimes,like, the breaking news of live boston,newtown, reporters are breaking their news on twitter. they will first put out the link to come back to the website. contributes this back to the organization financially? newse participants in the are broadcasting what is happening to them and what they

are observing and seeing on twitter. well, you can't think of any unplanned event. the one that i was really dialed into recently was the boston marathon because a good friend of a bunch of us in the office was running in it. rfid chip that records mile times to a twitter account. he was tweeting of smiles at random. we had seen that he crossed mile 25. it hooks up to the marker and it reports your time. he had crossed mile 25 and we saw that tweet and then we saw the news of the explosion but no tweets from dennis. we were riveted personally to see what was happening.

you tweet, hey, we are all held up. we do not know what is going on. cases, it is telling you what is going on as it is happening. that is the world we live in now. hundreds of millions of people on this platform. they are everywhere. -- so there is not fukushima, japan during the earthquake and what is happening right now. it is a case where that is where the first reports come from. on newsit is incumbent organizations and journalists to understand that this is just a raw feed of stuff touring in. 500 million tweets per day now. it took three years and two months for the first billion. now there are 2 billion sent every day.

as this is ever more populated, there will be a bigger role for news organizations and journalists to curate it and analyze it, help everyone understand what is happening. >> how do you, what are your observations on accuracy in those kinds of events? it seems like there is so much information. >> particularly in the aftermath of chaotic events, the boston marathon bombing, but also the oklahoma city bombing, it has always been the case that there is rumor and innuendo in the aftermath. the oklahoma city bombing, there was a discussion in the media that authorities were looking for this many men who appeared to be of this ethnicity and appeared to have written off in this kind of car. off in this kind of

car. all of those were completely wrong. that is the nature of the information that pours in after these chaotic events. the same is true on any platform, including ours. able think they hear one thing on the police scanner and they write about that. the benefit of having hundreds of millions of people is that it is easier to get cleared up more quickly. london riots, you would have people tweeting or reporting things like the kings cross tube station has been ed and it is on fire. someone would take a picture of it and it is totally fine. more people that jump into the platform, the better it gets at dispelling false rumors. >> and you see the signals come across -- >> again, it is a long feed of what people are saying. in this public town square, we

not weighing the role of that is more credible than that. i want news organizations that partner with us to play that role. you guys are great at it. and have been doing it for years and years. we are going to be the distribution mechanism. >> one event that happened recently was an issue that the news industry saw with a lot of care. hacked.tter handle was the consequences were pretty big. the markets moved because of that. because of a false tweet. what is twitter doing and what is your role and responsibility as this global platform to make sure that the right people are tweeting? that there are real identities?

>> we take our responsibilities in assisting high authority accounts with securing their account seriously. our security team and trust and safety team and our media team spend a great deal of time with services like yours and the associated press and reuters, all these high authority accounts. helping them understand best practices for securing those accounts and the kinds of ways in which those accounts get phished. hishinge usually spear-p attacks. you send out an e-mail to a ton of people and hope that some of them will give you the right password. or a specific attack at an us that 8 -- at a specific account

to convince people that they should click on the link and enter some data that they should not. we have also recently spent a bunch of time and energy adding to our authentication for these high authority accounts. a factor can be something you know, something you are, something you have. authentication is something you know, a password, and something you have. like you have to enter your password and the code at we just sent you. if you have the password, you cannot just get in. those kinds of additional security measures to lock down things further our laces we are investing lots of time and personal -- and personnel resources and engineering dollars. we will continue to do that

because people will find out the right way to hack 2-factor accounts and we will find the right way to authenticate it. >> a couple of recent events show the ubiquity of twitter locally. the demonstration in turkey and brazil. the turkish prime minister, president erdogan, called twitter the menace to society. so much of the protests were driven by folks on the ground tweeting from the park. time, he had something like 3 million followers and he tweets several times per day. i believe that turkey has asked for data from you folks and facebook. statementssued a saying that they have not responded to that. thisabout your role as

local town square and what the challenges are. data request domestically, but what is happening globally? the fascinating thing about this global town square is it is -- there is increasingly less fiction for people to see the other people who feel the same way they do about their issue or to see and hear people who feel differently around some issues. that has resulted in all of these fascinating consequences. ofemember in the aftermath the arab awakening, we had a group of female egyptian scholars come to the twitter office and were talking about the fact that it was amazing to see onat they could social services like twitter that there were these women in

pakistan, these female scholars in pakistan who thought similarly about the issues they were concerned about in a way that they had never been able to see or hear before. i think that is compelling. that is what makes it the global town square. the same thing is happening right now in turkey and brazil. even though they are very different circumstances, you now see these protesters in brazil conversing with protesters in turkey and showing this solidarity in defending the things that they believe to be wrong, which is fascinating. something you have never seen before. thisregards to requests, is going to be a very fluid situation. i expect it to continue to evolve.

we, when we get broad requests for things that we do , we believe, valid, legally appropriate rick west, we push back on them aggressively. but we are also, it is fair to say that we are not petulant. we have to obey the rule of law. if there are valid legal request s that we need to react to, we will do that. this specific case is very fluid and will evolve fairly rapidly. >> is their movement to shut down twitter in more countries as you see more of these -- >> i hope not. usersna, we do have many who access the platform.

they access it through virtual private networks. >> they can work around. wherealso have countries we would love to not be blocked and have fridge and less access to all the people of those countries. a global townis square minus a couple. we would like to be truly a global town square. in the future, i hope that we can operate in those countries. we are not going to sacrifice rentable of the platform -- principles of the platform in order to do so. >> is there a way to work with coordinate?na to waseibo is a service that launched by a chinese internet company as a twitter-like platform in china.

it started off almost exactly like it, 140 characters, etc. will -- think that you we would love to be able to run twitter in china. i will just say that. talk about the future of news i want to talk about paywalls and financial models. o you have any thoughts on -- there's a lot of discussion, a lot of debate about what's the right course to go. are your thoughts on subscriptions when it comes to on-line description of news? >> that's more your guys' expertise than mine. just -- let me i say -- i'm going to make a diversion -- a diversion here and come back to the questions. the conversation with another in the valley the other week

me, you know, the valley will get upset with various points of the founder ceo. you have to be a founder to be the ceo of a company. no, no -- you o, need to bring in a professional ceo. know, look at you jeff weaner and lincoln and on and on. think the reality is that the reality is that, you know, these people in the valley and whether it's a ceo,der or the professional whatever, they kind of have this weakness.r and some and at various times people will forget one or the other and say the person is either a genius or they're the who's ever rson existed. i feel like that about this model. -- that's crazy. we would never do that. we should be on this side of the

vote. other weeks it's those people are crazy. why could they ever have thought that. reality is there's some kind of correct balance there that works. think that -- i think i've been impressed with how well the ubscriptions and things have worked and i think there's a proper balance there between subscription, pay, and advertising. we n, one of the reasons distribute the tweets to the a.p.i. and the embedded tweets free is so vice for hat you guys can, you know, amplify or bolster your tweets and advertise around them and we don't nticipate the revenue and that's perfectly fine. we're going to have a conversation with this. let's talk a business model you know at twitter. hat does the future hold for twitter in terms of your move symmetry, screen

experience you talk about a lot which is twitter accompanying events.g live tv where do you see the money being in the news avenues beyond the 140 texts. think twitter as a complement to tv -- twitter and know, are just remarkable together. and when i watch an event now without my device in front of me or without the twitter feels in front of me, it like the volume is off. of this company we purchased liked to call social sound track tv. that's the model in the ymbiotic relationship are things like tune-in. for example, we launched a amplify alled twitter which we will provide a users

very short segment of something that just happened on event, like a sporting you know, lebron blocking the in the spurs dunk at a very be like ten t seconds or less video with a -- this une in now on particular channel. and so those are compelling and beful and i think those will the -- there will be excellent business models for both us and the broadcasters there. because even in the launch of embedding super three-second ads, prerolls in advance of the video. of e are new money for both our participants -- the networks and us. great, ave been supersuccessful. users love them because they get of something that's literally just happened. in the home office or something i'm ou see this happen and

like oh, i've got to go watch the game, it's the fourth tied.r, it's and we'll see amplified be used as a leading up to prerecorded shows. the first round episode of liars is about to know, here's an eight-second of what is happening tonight and beneficial both the broadcaster and us. happening. the text things are happening. so with the 140 characters with associated canvass of the short video will be great evolution. >> terrific. >> i think more and more of astter as the 140 characters a caption to a canvas that can be much more rich. video.t be a it might be an application, it be a poll. a news organization conducting a ive poll on twitter in which

the tweet is the poll question poll.e canvas is the and as people answer it, the data changes and might say in canvas, 90 seconds until this poll closes. the beauty of it being a tweet tweet is that it can go everywhere the tweets go and it can be an embedded tweet is also embedded in "washington post".com. there.ll was and on people twitter tablets and on people's android phones desk tops and everywhere else. we think aboutas that platform toward the end of the year can become more and more rich. tv, twitter and amplifies the first end of that. >> that's speaking much more and newspaper language when you think of captions and hese -- these -- i heard you refer to them before as like envelopes of different content. user ould expect the interface, what we see today, that stream which is difficult

to navigate still. it will change? this is going to evolve as well? >> i think that -- i think that of the streamture will actually -- will actually what it is ose to today. the tap and- i like it expands notion. we will -- we'll see. i mean, i don't want to say, well, we'll never do x, y, z. easy to see how you can start to go down a path too things get too noisy quickly. and then, you know, and then if people are saying, for example, this up now, so don't -- don't go right to -- the ee the -- i can see problem already. but let's just say -- let's just say we -- all tweets will be stream while the

their e puts a poll on tweets because poll tweets are highly engaged and every tweet a poll and then where are we? where's the line? is it buckets of photos? tweets and photos and audio are expanded but nothing else. with stuff and see what works. i want to make sure we're always user zing for the experience. of the product over thumb tacking more things to it. >> can we talk about your cultural influence. and with all due respect -- >> uh-oh. my grandmother used to say with due respect you knew the person was about to get thrown bus.r the with all due respect to alex -- alex. is is it for >> it will be gentle. i have to take twitter holidays. overwhelming. there's this sort of feeling and anxiety when you're on twitter

be a little distracting. do you feel that twitter is contributing to too much "noise" in society? >> no. >> making us too -- no. >> our attention span too small. >> no. >> i sometimes think. what is your advice? you?o how do you use it? a global company. how do you use it effectively so it doesn't bog you down? you get to choose the account you follow on twitter so that what you stream is want it to be. it can be as noisy or quiet as you like.

on-line prune my own time with the list of accounts i follow with some regularity if i i'm getting too much noise from these kinds of accounts right now or these accounts aren't delivering value to me. people should be going in there themselves on for a regular basis. i think it's saved me a remarkable amount of time in don't have to go check n of sources and i can look at home timeline on twitter, the ain feed on twitter and see quickly whether there's anything -- anything new in some thing i'm interested in. up, 3 million followers. >> sometimes it goes up and

down. on things i'm interested in investigating product.e particular s this product. this >> how do you consume news? is it through the limit, the you follow. or do you wake up -- it's silicon valley. 5:00 a.m. and at do you pick up a newspaper? what do you do? follow a variety of subjects and check twitter and detailed article about this is interesting and read more detailed articles. i read more detailed articles than i would otherwise just i wouldn't be able to have time or think to go check sources. ty of >> okay, great.

how are we on time? pretty good. leader.do as a this is a night full of managers editors. one thing i understand you do as a leader is you have what's right? tee time, is that it's off the record weekly sessions with your employees. meeting. nds >> yeah, all hands. >> everybody. >> what's the value of that. you do this?hy >> well, i have a very -- well, the -- tea time was instituted long before i got to jack, dorothy, williams started a company. have this every week. t 's very important to me tha what i y understand understand. i teach a class called managing twitter. it's a six-hour class. new nd up in front of the

managers and i teach the six-hour, here's how i want you to manage. have a couple of pages of notes to remind me of what i want to say. interactive session. do art off by saying if you this out for five hours and 55 minutes, make sure everybody what you understand. so many leadership problems stem from individual contributors not the context that management has and management the context. have try in the all-hands meeting tea time. we go to answer five employee questions. we've got an internal tool that employees can vote up, vote down question. we answer the top five. after the board meeting, i board after every meeting, i -- after the all-hands meeting, i stand up what we talked about with the board meeting. these were the board's concerns.

this is how we responded of. this is what they want to see more of next time. the company sees what our quarterly metrics looks where we are week-to-week. verybody has the same context exiting the week throughout the company for what's going on in the company and you don't have right-hand doing the different things. >> right. >> we extend that to a bunch of of the folks in here are managers and editors. broadly -- that theme broadly across the company in our san francisco world headquarters. the conference rooms are glass. anyone can see anything going on in the company. here are two public conference rooms in the ninth floor lobby and one very big one for sales eetings that the engineers who

set outside of that conference room got tired of getting distracted by, i don't know, jumping jacks in the sales something. with those exceptions, you can in any 's going on conference room in the company. send it to g, you the notes in that meeting. you use a twitter tool. company can the subscribe to those meetings. >> that's fascinating. benefit of those -- a red and white behind a tinted glass suv. you erson in front of doesn't go. 99.9% of the people in this room -- t think of themselves there must be something horrible going on in that car or in the front of the car, otherwise they would be moving. we all go like, come on, go,

right? and if the top of the car was ipped off and you could see that the driver was having an mergency with a baby in the back seat or someone was crossing the street in front of the car, you'd go, oh, i have to here and wait. i can see what's going on, i'm not going to honk at the person. with the hing is true company. these people over here engineering and those people sales and these people are like what are they doing all day. hese people are like what are they doing all day? t's not as fun a place to work and you don't have the context or what everyone else has one for. >> i think i heard you say a mission statement. >> correct you if you're wrong. >> yes, please. caps, ification in big end correction. i heard you call -- describe it as grow our business in a way makes us proud? right? >> that's one of our core values.

not our mission. >> how can you do that -- i'm just going to ask you, how can grow ntinue to do that as and go public? >> i -- it is fascinating to me almost always the case the question this way, well, if you grow as a company, there's be these -- this desire to do the right thing for users logger heads at with the desire to make money. the fascinating thing is it's case that the he tension is between two different things to do for the users and thing to do for the users and the right thing to do for the business. for example, we allow people to use pseudonyms on twitter and ot put in their real name and their address and, you know, identification. one of the reasons that's important to us is we think the pseudonyms se facilitates political speech in

speeches where political is not welcome. that's great. but the flip side is when i can the anonymity, i can control and swear at people up and down all day and call them names and so forth. always the is tension we struggle with. the businessetween and do the right thing for the has been largely overdramatized and frankly fictional because my answer if we do the right thing for the user, we'll figure out the right -- the ways to that.ze we should make money as an artifact of doing the right user and generate the best user experience and not think of those two things as withs that have to compete each other. the idea behind grow our in a way that makes us proud was that things like, like, well, don't be two kind of -- are

you can move the line. like you can say this is not evil.y we didn't kill anyone. and yet -- but to grow a a way to make us proud would make us look and say didwe excited about what we or are we not going to tell everybody we did that because it's not particularly something excited about. we would get a request in the irst year we were running the advertising to let us take over the bird on the home page today i don'tou change it to, know, if you change it to a ootball with our logo, we'll pay you "x" dollars for one day only. the kinds of things growing a business the way that make us proud we're not and say get on stage guess what we did, through a lot of hardwork and determination, change the bird to a football. we'll take the more difficult monetizing the platform y through things like promoted

tweets, a context unit. and hopefully that core value allows us to have a discussion bout some of the things that the company might thinks is over the line. if you can identify yourself, that would be terrific. columbian or of the in vancouver, washington. ave you ever considered tweaking the tweet number to say 150? oh, the next count? >> no. no. twitter, aracters for those are onds, sacrosanct. >> if i can get back to prism for a bit. i see you smiling. to know whether you were invited or instructed by he federal government to participate in this program whether you chose to turn the

down, and if you did that on legal -- based on legal those ons, what were legal objections? is where i say, you know, i can't comment specifically on this. will go back to the first said which was when we pointed legal requests that are legally valid, the authorities to determine are legally valid, we them.d to when we receive general requests what requests we feel are not valid legal requests, we push back on those. think it's fair to say that we -- as has been reported in wikileaks, we ke ould spend time and energy and

money to defend our user's rights to be informed about the information that's being requested about them. that's -- that's how i would answer that question and that's say about it.ly digital first media. to got a question relating how journalists use twitter. of 2,000 a limit accounts that somebody can follow unless they've got a followers.ber of we have multiple journalists in clearly aretion who sing twitter in a nonspammy, engaging with the community kind of way who have maybe -- they the 2,000 ceiling and maybe hey've got 1600 followers and they're cut off in flowing people and engaging with your community and your public -- customer service have been unhelpful on this. that seems like an easy thing

twitter to solve if twitter wants to be valuable for news organizations. >> yes. here are actually a range of related capabilities and pieces f function balty like rate limits on live tweeting an event, for example, that are to do a that we need much better job of. things that you might thing are easy to go address one hange turned out to be of "n" thousand priorities of the engineering team that we with.to go deal but i completely understand what you're talking about. t is definitely the case that -- when wey, we have started dealing with spam, we a brute force n way and all accounts are created equal.

the number of accounts you can number of tweets per minute you can send, etc., etc. be much smarter about not all accounts are created equal. this is more a family account than this account. work there soh of that's scaleable to the hundreds of millions of accounts we have. >> i blocked five spammer who me with their link with the weight loss thing uring this -- at the same time you're cutting off journalists from being able to work more getting ly, you're not the spam thing done. move it up the priority list. > i'll tell you, we have an ncredible -- the amount of energy, dollars, time, people, resources, that we spend dealing

with spam would probably in remarkable ways. -- there always seems do e the case if you just this, you can block the spammers. nimble.extremely they change their tactics, and you have to come up with solutions to deal with them. we spent an extraordinary amount of time on that. amount of ignificant time on that. arms racese of these that you get way ahead of them and it dies down for a while and create a new path around that and it picks back up. that continues for quite sometime. >> any questions? are some of the best ways you can see news organizations using twitter and

the worst ways you see news organizations using twitter? >> some of the best ways the organizations are using tweets are when the captions to a -- to a thoughtful analysis of something that maybe even other people are reporting help you understand, h, this is a synthesis, a thoughtful synthesis or analysis that this other thing is being reported on. of things he kinds that draw people in. they realize, oh, i heard this bit of news. this isn't just another tweet with that bit of news. so that's a very, very important for news organizations to think about -- think about that. case for some news organizations, particularly -- in specific subject are known s or that in outside of social media for having a specific kind of

personality. extremely helpful when they bring that personality or tone of voice to their twitter account. i think that that goes not just organizations, but for organizations in general. if it's the playful brand and twitter accounts are playful, well.works if it's a satirical tone of voice and the tweet -- the is the satirical tone of voice, that works well. the things that don't work well know, the the -- you the same version of the same headline that fit other news organizations or it can be anything, right? it can be a sport, right p right? talking aboutetes some goal that was just scored. if i'm watching a world cup game a goal, and ores i'm one of the "n" million that tweets g, a hundred

al and a link, my link won't be as interesting as who has commentary about the goal or maybe an assist similarity oal or a to a goal scored last year or to it ng that has a link that drives me to write that article about it. sorts how i think about it of with broad brush strokes. >> questions? i'm from the reynolds journalism institute. people suggested that news kneeled to act more like digital companies. and what n twitter news companies might learn from that? twitter as a very -- i'm extremely open with what's going about on with the company. the default mode is to trust them. o if you have a very confidential project, i default it.elling them all about

so twitter music, aspects of or with apple, like iowa.ntegration with those are all things we told people in the company when they advance of ell in the public announcement. it has been the case on occasion the company ithin release that information and we try to make it clear, very, very that will not be tolerated at all. we will have very much a zero tolerance policy about it. you do this, you're -- you know, you may think that you outfoxing me, favor u know, currying with somebody. but the reality is you're urting all of your fellow employees because we want to always be able to do these things. very much default to more openness, allow people to have context to what's going on. they can be much more

productive. office space is open. there are, for example, ubicles, the floor space -- we tried to move into a space where so floor plates were good people wouldn't have to go up and down stairs and elevators all the time. grown, people have to do that more and more. again, very large teams can fit one big open space. people can see what's going on. important. t's >> hi, i'm pam fein, university of kansas. how many applications you got for the head of news job and whether that job is still open. laughing ] >> i understand that -- i understand it the job is still we've gotten an extraordinary number of applications for that and a a number of er -- other very interesting jobs that we have open. as i understand it, that

filled yet. ot >> and seriously -- >> i thought the previous question was serious. are the first at things that a person will do in twitter? > so, as i've been talking about the complementary relationship between twitter and facilitating ut that complementary relationship. this live mple, as half a billion tweets a day feed the things we are can do to make sure that helping news organizations surface the signal in that stream we're in. do we help news organizations identify, wait, event that's happening right now on twitter. this is the -- this is the in texas last night. you need to pay attention to this. half e otherwise with the billion tweets pouring in, it can start to look like, yeah, there's more information in there's always more information in there. what are the ways we can help

-- wait a entify minute, there's something interesting going. same volume but something interesting is happening and around y is coalescing this moment. we better pay attention to it. we want that person to be of sed on those kinds things. of the ck to some earlier questions. making sure that the news organizations are implementing ll of the latest technologies around the account. >> perfect. >> dayton daily news. in a kind of a unique situation. do you follow employees? them, do younfollow send them a note that you're not mad at them? a bunch of employees. i don't follow all of them. i definitely get employees to me in the lunchroom and saying, hey, i tried to irect message this to you but you're not following me, which is their way of saying, you know, follow me. do sometimes unfollow employees because i switch around who i'm following and unfollowing. i do get grief for that. i think one of the ways i was

journalist a couple of months ago, you had to escribe yourself as ceo, what would you describe yourself as, try the word "present," i to be very -- i was actually humor but i can see the in that. i try to make sure i'm -- i'm in the cornerding and always in the middle of -- and, you on and know, we're on three or four floors in our building right now and spend just as much time, i think, on the seventh floor and engineering are as i do on the ninth floor where my office is. >> i would be a bad journalist if i didn't follow my executive editor's question. i'm going to ask one more question. you get broad requests -- this to prism. you get broad requests from the -- ral government >> when we get broad requests, it could be from a prosecutor in

be like for could all of that kind of stuff. >> well, i will narrow that down. -- if you -- how -- can you give us a sense of how often broad data requests? >> well, i think -- >> from the government -- from the federal government. extent that we're able we pub lush e out, the transparency reports and the next one goes up n about a month and cover the period from the beginning of the year to a week from now. we break it out to the extent break it out. inally, twitter is about moments. it's -- >> i agree with that. it's very much -- again, going the founder of the company. he'd like to -- he would like to refer to it as life in the moment. so i agree with that. >> so what in your position as have been he company

the most surprising moments, i guess the biggest high and the biggest low? moments as well as real great moments -- the lowest.and the thethe horrible moments are ones that are usually very, very personal to you. i mentioned one earlier, which again, seeing a good friend of a bunch of ours in the office mile 23, mile 24, mile 25, then nothing, explosion. and then you're -- you're riveted to twitter because this information is pouring in and you can think about is why haven't we heard anything from dennis. if he was stopped, he would have pulled out his phone. if he isn't stopped, what happened? hat was probably the most personally terrifying moment from it. th the epiphanies like, oh, my gosh, they only would happen on they keep happening and changing in interesting ways.

he conversations between the protesters in brazil and turkey was fascinating to me. they're about completely different things and there's a camaraderie about that. the conversations between kinds would never speak to each other before because of the icial barriers, either artificial barriers of status or barriers of industry or socioeconomic barriers, are amazing. so you get these fascinating conversations between people know, the canadian hip-hop artist drake, you know, first million is the hardest. andsend that out as a tweet t. boone pickens responds, "the first billion is a heck of a lot harder." witnessething you don't every day. and i was mentioning an earlier

conversation. will tweet out hg literarysmackdown. okay, this novelist or this one, go? know and ers we all love will chime twoo the conversation with everybody else. i think because of x, y, z. it's fascinating to see that. in a class tting where the best novelists of the world are coming in and talking of this. those kinds of things, and, lot, but it this a e it's ara silverman tweeted, if your family is driving you crazy at the holiday, just picture woody allen picture and mia farrow tweeted,

i tried that, it didn't work. those are my favorite moments. [ applause ] >> thank you for womaning. a look at on-line learning and the impact on traditional education programs. the atlantic magazine and aspen institute's econd annual new york ideas festival explores massive open mooks.e courses called an increasive number of colleges re developing as part of their curricular. this is 20 minutes. >> thank you all very much. these are two of my heros.

goi let's give them a round of applause. professor at m.i.t. he created a great course there called circuits. put the course on line half ago and nd a you've done nce that, you should be in charge of having everybody put them on line. he's in charge of the annex, one moocs -- ee major whatever it is. mooc?is a what's the "m"? >> oh, massive -- on-line ah, massive courses. yes, i was blanking on that. along the co-founder with mike feinberg of k.i.p. multiple charter school operator in the country. well being from new orleans when after the storm we tried to reinvent the school

and have it be -- and bring in competing charter school operators. k.i.p. came in with five early on and is now up to ten. that's the way it should work, which is with scaled success. me start with you if i may. these how you think on-line courses are going to transform education. >> so if you look around the world, we see two big issues. remained ucation has stagnant for 500 years. i think the last biggest was the n in education textbook that came off of the printing press. but after that, what do we have? biggest one i can see is sliding black boards. but that's about it. much in t really had the way of innovation. so quality hadn't changed. and second thing, the access has a real problem. i just saw this picture in one articles about a teacher conducting a class

a culvert in india with students silting around using the culvert as a black board. the real challenge with access o high quality education for students around the world and i on-line courses and on-line learning in general can dramatically improve the quality of education. nd second, it can dramatically increase access to education as well all in one fell swoop. real opportunity for us here. >> do you have to blend in to a stilloom model so there's the on site campus teaching? >> two ways of doing it. mooc, a massive open on-line course. anyone around the world can take it. on-line.letely students are telling us that's very good quality. we can do one better on campus. do blended learning, also called a flip classroom where

watch the videos and interactive exercises and virtual labs in their own dorm rooms and they can come can haveand there they in person interaction with the instructor. hey can collaborate and do labs. the blended model has been successful. as an example, blended class in university in the silicon valley last fall. the course on campus had a 41% and with the lended class, the results to just a 9% dropout rate. preliminary results. >> so san jose state. in the harvard -- so it may or may not be true.

an jose state last week, the philosophy department professors refused to take michael sandell's justice course and refused to help teach it in the they thought use it would hurt them and they made he english department try to teach it. do you see massive resistance like san in places jose state? >> these on-line courses are a for instructors. it will create great value to the learner. eye on d keep our students around the world and on the quality of education and on-line courses as -- i like to call them the next generation textbook. the textbook is out there. you're an instructor somewhere or you're at a university or school somewhere. completely -- it's your choice. if you want you can use a textbook in your class, we do it day long today. we can use a chapter or you use your own textbook or your own. it's up to you. we don't ask the author, hey,

be writing a book. people are free to use the books like. y they >> but do you think this will san equalize a place like jose state or a community college with a harvard and a berkeley. r do you think this will widen the divide? >> no, i really think that -- i like to think of the bottom line learning as a rising tide that's to improve students at all universities. a small ince i have university, since i'm from take india. i hear of engineering colleges hire people with bachelor's degrees to teach courses because teachers.t have much imagine there, they're getting the degree. if they could license a textbook-like course or an from berkeley.

feature it in nd the local campus. so now the students have access to a great course. does that bring that university and berkeley closer together or apart.r if i was a student, i would go town in bangalore, india. mangalore with an "m." a small town. small.alore is not that >> a small town close to the arabian sea where i grew up. there and i can go to my neighborhood university or take a berkeley class should i go across the indian atlantic to go to a university in the u.s., where do you think i'm going to go? me, does it bring them closer or further apart? > among other things, a teacher, a teacher a core member

teacher. and start in the south bronx. creating the whole academy empire. as a teacher, how do you see types of tools changing the classroom. so, thank you. hi, everybody. a lot of friends out here. good to see everybody. so we're excited. i think that the promise as an on set for teachers is that ou -- you now have the ability or you will have the ability to -- to really differentiate the needs of each kid you have. and so the challenge when you kids in a class is how do you meet each kid where they are? of group you sort them into small groups by needs. you know, learning, provides a road map for that solution. teacher.nds of a great and i think where i -- where i how it promise is affects teachers entering the

now ssion so that right you're having to reteach 5, yone who's been teaching 10, 15 years. it's no longer -- the analogy of textbook is a good one. it's a tool and they should be how to to figure out use well. >> so how many of your teachers academies as you integrate things in the curriculum, pick one great xample everyone here would know, would take a con academy video and say, let me use that explain this context of algebra as opposed to trying to on a black board? > today, we have 125 schools serving over 41,000 kids and 20 states in the district of columbia. teachers about 3,000 working across k.i.p., elementary, middle, and high. level, it's really different kind of availability right now on-line. take the work that sal and the others have done, it's

really throughout all of our schools, teachers are materialting and using different ways. you can see teachers using the or a y with some group collection of individual students. he challenge, which i think is hard for -- so i mean based on coming to the new york ideas festival run by the going to assume it's people who like to learn in here.udience if i were to say to you, how learn.n the room like to how many people raise their hand? great, the vast majority of the world isn't like you. teachers -- and i mean hat including myself up until possibly 18. our challenges, is how to reach and inspire everybody.

on-line.ts and i've signed up to teach a mooc for next year in creating character and classrooms. exists is a t better way of delivering content. that works for folks like this content and receive can make use of it. college graduation rates in this country are 32% across all demographic groups for a variety of reasons. socioeconomics and all of these thers, they don't talk about the mechanics of learning is fundamentally broken across all groups.hic so until we deal with the see nics of learning, we the on-line potential will boats serve or lift all learn in that way. > if you talk about it as a content delivery system, the amplify that something

a wireless generation which i sort of went out and been a with, which is creating a way of whole new curriculum with games, role playing games, assessment teacher. the is this something that you think is the next level something that might adopt? >> i think what everything -- what amplify is doing and what is trying to teach on-line, it's trying to figure -- a mixture of guided practice and independent essential for s learning for everybody outside he 20% to 25% that can assimilate content directly. it's that interplay that people start to talk about how do you games, role play, how do you ive ort of interact technology. cliches and make them to a third which is risky, it

depends on whether or not you science fiction is an accurate predictor of the future. and whether or not you are that spock is the right vision and the matrix at the hollodex is or the the right vision. if you believe in the way spock in "star trek" or the atric, you plug in your own little pod and you learn kung fu. hollo believe in the deck, you believe in this guided and tween independent practice. that's e in it and so for the next decade. >> why is it guided and independent rather than just lectures where you break up and 17-minute segments. >> i think the way to think about that is that we create the moocs on ed-ex.org. these are complete courses. with videos and interactive exercises.

laboratories, e assessments. exams. there's discussion. end, they get a certificate. so they take, of course, from ut a tin and they will get certificate to pass the course x.om ut austin we add the x brand. these are complete courses. from a dent could learn textbook completely by if i'm in some remote corner of china, i can a textbook and learn a subject from a textbook. however, if i went to a high i had or a university and had a great teacher who would mentor me along with that book, would imagine that the learning experience would be better. in printow there's the and the in person version. we're replacing that today with on-line in person and just as an example, a number of high country have the begun doing sources and there

schools in massachusetts with a dozen students who are offering a berkeley,courses from harvard, and m.i.t. on their campus and a number of students mastered a.p. courses. they wanted a richer set of ourses and they don't have the teachers to teach the richer set of courses. so these students are taking the ed-x courses. some have a mentor on site. some don't. they are getting high school credit for those courses. number of high schools are same g about doing the thing and people using what they can. >> our high schools are having the same experience. promise of what i was talking about. provide gnificantly beyond the doors of any one school. >> it can provide opportunities exacerbate the divide between privileged and poor kids. how?, >> i think on one hand you can take the argument that it

will close the divide. democraticizesck access. hand, you can take the argument that it increases the divide because of who access -- who really has access to use the tools and technology. there's a i think real question there. seen it. newve got kipp academies in orleans, south bronx. they're in quick sand where they more than just to struggle on their own to get out. > what's combining many variables. but i do think when you look at the kids we serve, not while people who used to talk about the digital divide, they don't really anymore. because somewhat weird not every one of our kids -- in act, the vast majority of our kids, don't have individual computers or tablets at home. so in this respect -- or even

computers at school. so in this respect, while the potential could be that you could have in all corners of the world and in if you don't have the materials to use it, i think there. issues schools like andover where there's sort of one-on-one right now, you have an advantage over schools like ours there's not. will everyone have one-on-one computers in the near future. home. rnet access at >> almost everyone i think at this point has internet access. think, almost becomes ubiquitous. whether it's always reliable and and whether or not it's available to them individually is a different story. agree ink, you know, i with all that's been said. but i believe that with the investments, and the right policies, i think this narrow the gap

between -- really narrow the divide. really democraticize education. i'll give you an example. abouthe countries talking investing and naming 1,000 colleges and universities. i think ahead. and massive lets infrastructure in terms of internet access. that could be a much cheaper way to access all of the content streaming down at you rather than creating bricks and mortar investments.d this is happening. in india, many of you heard the called okosh. a $40 tablet that the government nvested in made available to kids all over the world. i think because of the new and nt of being available the moocs and the on-line ontent, i would encourage

nations and the bank and policy what to begin saying should we invest in? bricks and mortar infrastructure. would say bricks and bike infrastructure. people access it that willhe continent narrow the divide. >> we want to get tablets and omputers in the hands of as many kids as possible. i'm still not ready to -- i'm i've seen point where the software exist that convinces me for the vast learners, great teachers aren't necessary in some type of environment. teachers. t great >> define what a great teacher is? it t -- up -- well -- redefines what they do and the tools they have. and it redefines sort of how you think about the fiscal space all together. yet.t doesn't exist

now, every science fiction movie version presents us a where it isn't necessary. we haven't seen it yet. the -- for the next generation, particularly for the at k.i.p.p., ith our country needs to make having school incipal in every and a great teacher in every classroom as big a priority if than having a tablet in everyone's hand. >> i believe that -- it teachers or not, what the whole mooc movement will do s bring in a lot more great people into the teaching profession. what moocs have done and on-line technologies have done is brought education to the public ethos.he when was the last time we did that? what are the top newspapers and bloggers writing about the learners.

exciting. when something becomes exciting, great people have come into the teaching profession. whether the profession changes r not, we'll get a lot more great teachers and i do believe that great teachers along with improvetent will simply the learning experience. > did the one -- did the one caution with that is particularly in public schools, the articularly in k-12, great teaching experience depends, you know, there's this says people at don't leave jobs, they leave managers. so this idea that we need to communities of teachers with principals and prioritize to be coupled with any vision of sort of how technology plays. i do think there's a k-12 ersion and a higher-ed version that isn't yet fully united. >> i want to thank you all very much. an amazing time in the transformation of education partly because of the two of you. thank you. >> thank you. >> thank you.

[ applause ] q&a, charles on bolden discusses his career at he agency, the life in the military, and the decision to attend the united states naval academy. >> nasa administrator, if you had your choice, would you astronaut in the shuttle or run the