at 9:15,"the salt lake tribune" talk ♪ host: former representative bill gray died yesterday while attending wimbledon good senator mark udall's brother is missing. mitch mcconnell has a senate challenger. as are some stories we're looking at as we go through the newspapers here on "washington journal." as we go through the papers, we want to hear from republicans only on immigration reform. the house is getting prepared to debate the topic. republicans only, should there be immigration reform? yes or no and why or why not?

you can also make a comment on @cspanwj,l media sites at or on facebook.com/c-span, or you can send us an e-mail at journal@c-span.org. republicans only during this first segment of "washington journal." from politico, representative william gray dies

that is in politico this story., as is this mark udall's brother missing after hike this is also from politico, allison grimes challenges mitch mcconnell in kentucky

her decision to run is a boon for democrats and their chances of beating mcconnell. even though she is a political novice, she is generally seen as the most formidable of the remaining remaining democratic candidates still considering a run. her father was a well-connected former state party chair, maintains close ties to the clintons. one more article we want to share with you. this is select add o'brien -- so ledad o'brien joining al jazeera america. she will continue short form segments to al jazeera's current magazine program, "america tonight." here is the lead editorial in usa today

house republicans are meeting next week on immigration reform, and they have plenty of concern -- of reasons for concern.

presidential nominee mitt romney managed to get only 27% of latino votes in a weak economy. cannotop candidates who dramatically increase these numbers will not become future presidents or senators. the immigration bill should not be seen as some bitter pill republicans must swallow, nor is it a silver bullet that will instantly solve all of their problems. rather, it should be seen as a first step in a needed evolution. the publicans only during this first segment of "washington journal." should immigration reform passed? we will begin with a call from james in huntington, west virginia. good morning. what do you think about immigration reform? caller: the problem that i have believe it is going to allow more immigrants to come into our country and take jobs away from the people here that

already need them. i am a struggling republican in west virginia. it is hard to make it down here jobs, as the economy and they are few and far between down here as it is, and it will make it even harder for us to peoples whenever we have like migrant workers coming in and taking the jobs that are available. host: that was james in west virginia. all republicans this morning for the first segment on immigration reform. you can also send in a tweet or continue the conversation on our facebook page, facebook.com/c- span. here is the opposing view in "usa today" -- written by congressman michael burgess, a republican from texas --

the next call is michael in rockville center, new york on our yes line. good morning. caller: good morning, thank you for taking my call. as it is currently constituted, as republican, i do not think i could support this legislation. that piece that was in the editorial right there is a perfect point, but there are larger issues beyond the cost. we knew that the goodie bag of things that have been loaded and included in this legislation, such as free advertising for las vegas in an attempt to woo supporters in las vegas, influential political supporters, it does not make sense. this is all occurring at the same time our economy remains weak, which is really the most critical issue, and the second one has been the inability to put people back to work in our economy. this issue is

the larger needs of the majority of americans. most americans are in favor of immigration reform, but we are not in favor of doing it responsibly or at the expense of american citizens. crystale next call is down in amarillo, texas. what do you think about immigration reform? caller: good morning. i believe, yes, it should go through. i do understand sociopolitical economics. i believe that we need to take care of our own country first. i am a military wife. taskgoing to keep it short -- short. we need to look at obamacare, take it in as it changes, and work on our immigration. that is all i have to say. host: republicans only for this first segment of the washington journal. the lead editorial in the "washington times" --

he goes on to say that mr. schumer and dick durbin of illinois were the most creative chefs, carving large slices of well cooked pork for corporate allies.

that was in the "washington times." the next call comes from amy in texas. you are on "washington journal." what do you think about immigration reform? .aller: i am not for it with that many people coming in and obamacare, they say they are not going to be eligible for so many years, but someone is still going to have to pay it. it puts 11 million people back

where we were before obamacare came in. hospitals will not turn anybody away. someone will have to pay for it. once they start having families, well, that is more women having babies, more people getting older as they bring their older family members over. know --nd of -- i don't how much is that going to cost? host: do you see a need at all for immigration reform of some type? until they start enforcing the laws they already have. theink they need to make biometrics at the border point, but i do not think people realize that it is not just people crossing from south of the border. there are a lot of people from , from a lot ofia

these other places, and if you are a gang member -- we have so many gangs -- what is that going to do? how are they going to decide if you are a gang member, a known gang member? do you think, amy, that it hurts gop politically? caller: no, i don't. i think once all is said and done, and the cost of it comes down, that they will be proved right. host: thank you for calling and talking with us this morning. the next call is ronald and california. good morning. caller: good morning. a few points i would like to first, on tv, talking about he would support 11 million illegal immigrants. call them what they are, illegal and unlawful.

deported about 11 million over two or three years. there were four other presidents who did it. this can be easily done. secondly, in the constitution of the united dates -- states, i "for a foreign family to gain citizenship, before their child is born, they have to swear allegiance to the flag and to america in order to make their child a legal u.s. citizen ." i i do not think none of them have. born in like being america makes them a citizen, that is not so. it is in our constitution. host: that is ronald in california. this is james in grand forks, north dakota. you say, yes, there should be immigration reform.

why? caller: hi, peter. a modern-day blue-eyed migrant worker who came 1600 miles to get a job because there were not any jobs akamai trade good -- and my trade. -- in my trade. we need a moratorium on all migration as we did from 1924- 1965, which was wonderful for making the italians, germans, norwegians, and eastern europeans melted down into one people. there was really no racial conflict except between black- and-white, of course. i do not fit for the people in north dakota, because i'm not in north dakota and, i assimilated very quickly. i got five job offers the first week i arrived, anywhere from $15 an hour up to $20 an hour. somehow things get done without the mexicans here. there are some. you some somali refugees.

there are a lot of black guys from detroit and chicago, living in motels, trying to get jobs. a lot of desperate men like me have come out here to risk everything good i am proud of risking everything and coming here. i have been affected by illegal immigration. agos wrong about 60 years about the eyes and has her -- eisenhower. he did report about 11,000 good woodrow wilson sent through to the border in 1916. there is no german identity. there is no norwegian identity in wisconsin. as no italian identity -- there is no italian identity. there is no irish voting block because we halted migration. we aren't being conquered. host: where did you come from to get to grand forks? caller: i came from sellersville, pennsylvania. host: why? caller: i worked in roofing and siding for years been they

started shipping up a lot of foreign labor. where idleontractors white guys cannot get jobs. selling closes for nine dollars an hour and a save my money for about two years to come out here. -- an hour. i saved my money for about two years to come out here. you always talk about -- mexican representatives say how we do not have -- do not know how to work. if you come out here to the oilfields, ease of the toughest dudes i have ever seen in my life. i have roofed houses in tennessee with schoolboys from georgia. i have worked in mirror -- myrtle beach after hurricane hugo. tough guys all over this country, white guys and black guys. i'm getting tired of being slapped around and told how we need these people because we are so weak. host: what kind of work are you doing now? caller: i worked in a mill.

kind of like a feed types of things. they have trucks, agribusiness, oil patches to the west. that is my goal eventually read a lot of men are going out there and making a fortune. you got to be tough to go out there. james, we will leave it there. in queue for all of your comments. thank you for corn -- 10 you for all of your comments. former governor of florida, wrote a book on immigration reform. "im migrations wars." they had an op-ed yesterday in the "wall street journal" --

governor bush and clinton bullock look at this through a political lens. this is how they conclude their op-ed

the op-ed yesterday. --k in cleveland georgia cleveland, georgia, what do you think about immigration reform? caller: i love immigration reform, but it is a misnomer to call the outrage presented now any kind of reform. doctor, thes to his doctor is supposed to live up to the hippocratic oath, which i believe means first, do no harm. everything i have read, there is harm -- it perpetuates the problem. facto -- nothing that will enforce the border -- we know what the problem is. nothing secure to do that. we are going to increase the problem. the illegal aliens -- i'm sorry

for my talk -- they are known as illegal aliens by the government definition, many of them are not interested in a pathway to citizenship or citizenship. they want instantly gallantly, which permits them to work here -- instant legality, which permits them to work here and compete against law-abiding americans. 20 million people are currently unemployed. we are going to instantly legalize these folks. not only that -- that is not enough damage -- we are going to import another total of 33 million over the next 5-10 years. host: all of that said, look at it through a political lens. caller: ok, good. if the republican party goes along with this, they are done

for forever. that is my political lens. host: that is make in cleveland, georgia. some facebook comments joni comments on our twitter page

you can continue the conversation if you are interested at facebook.com/c- span, or you can send in a tweet at @cspanwj. this is in the metro section of the "washington post" --

the next call comes from rich in georgia. you are republican, and you say no to immigration reform. why is that? caller: good morning, thank you for taking my call. much for legal

immigration. immigrants most of them are not interested in being americans. the provisional path to citizenship where they can move about and work anywhere farmerst to, all of the want immigration to pass -- they will lose all of their workers because nobody is going to work on a farm when they can go to construction work or they can go to factory work. as many people as we already -- this isoyed really going to hurt the young and minority workers who already have it the worst. host: we will leave your comments there and move on to

keith and portage, indiana. caller: good morning. i think it is wrong. first off, it is a big scam. to have no intentions of doing it the proper way. they can secure the borders with their own military instead of playing this hopscotch game. they have no intention of doing it the right way. it is all a political game. once they pass this bill, nothing will be done properly. this whole thing has all but -- been divergent after diversion. nothing will be done proper. it is a political game, just like the divergence back in the 1970s.

the american public is so naïve. and -- do they not remember what happened back in the 1970s near the end of the vietnam war? think back, people. host: the lead story in "the washington times," a bit different than most of the papers

their other lead story with -- is an interview with the father of edward snowden

on the inside, which is nearly a full page for this interview, in case you're interested, it is in hereashington times" -- is a bit more --

in case you are interested, the interview is available at washingtontimes.com. the next call on immigration reform is mercedes in tampa, florida. good morning, what do you think? should the house passed immigration reform? caller: thank you for taking my call. , but should be reformed very different from what has been proposed. ursula paul, we need to secure the border. above all, we need to do that. the word illegal means they committed a crime, ok? i do not agree giving them citizenship -- things are so difficult, we need to put officers on the state department in different cities where these people are coming from. for have to go and apply

residence, not citizenship. years,hey are here five then they can go and apply for citizenship, that they should not be citizens immediately. there is no reason for that. they committed a crime, and the least we could do is let them white and try to do things in a different way. -- wait and try to do things in a different way. let them apply for residence, and if they behave, we consider it. i came from cuba. in 1960 when the american embassy was left in cuba. i became an american citizen five years after i was here. came, he had to go to re to gond apply the back to the country.

these people here are going to be citizens? most of the mexicans hate the americans because they believe california should be there is. they sold it to the united states. they think they have the right to california. host: that was mercedes in tampa, florida. next up is might in north carolina. good morning. caller: how are you today? host: good. caller: i guess one of my favorite talkshow hosts -- let me tell you where i said before i tell you where i stand -- i'm the grandson of hungarian and czechoslovakian immigrants. they were sponsored by people who had come before them also legally. they were provided jobs and financial support to get on their feet by their families and their churches and communities. or was no welfare state 100 years ago. they were not a burden on the united states taxpayer.

they were not hyphenated. when they came here, they were , displaced persons predict the goal of the italian and hungarians and the germans, was to become americans. that is something i think few people say -- see today. yes, we needid, reform, but not in the form it is in now. we are making the same errors we made in 1986 with president reagan, one of his horrendous mistakes, though i am a great admirer. we granted amnesty to about 3 million people. we were told that the borders would be secured. all of the laws that were passed in the 1986 immigration reform act are still on the books, none have ever been enforced. we've got to kill the magnet. i do not know if we will ever be able to secure the border. it is 2000 miles long. i do not know if that is possible.

of americane magnet employers that continue to hire illegal aliens -- if that is enforced, if either of five -- e-verify, and harsh enforcement of providing employment -- i do not fault these people. they are not much different than my grandparents good if the mexican government and american government worked in collusion -- that is my opinion. host: most of the papers have a similar headline to what we will show you here -- here is "the new york times" -- egypt. about most of the papers this morning have that type of headline about egypt. inside "the new york times," is this

in the "wall street journal" --

the next: immigration reform, republicans only during the segment of "washington journal," it comes from cynthia and rockwell, north carolina. good morning. caller: how are you doing? host: good. caller: i think i called the wrong number, but as far as immigration reform, i have been working in the agriculture industry since i was 15. i was around with the last amnesty. i competed with the immigrants that came over, the illegal immigrants, on jobs. i went through the years rent to hang onto jobs, and i got laid off for those people. i understand they come over here and want to work. that -- i've spent some time in el paso, and that is

pretty bad. i went through my life trying to compete for the agriculture jobs .nd went into factory jobs i handed up competing with them -- ended up competing with them. i do not have anything against the immigrants, but i wish they would pass the reform to control this. as far as the one that is on the books now, the republican party is going to be over if they pass that because janet napolitano has an executive order, whether she wants to decide whether they use the border enforcement or not. i am against this bill they have up in the house. host: what kind of work do you do now, cynthia? caller: i ended up training in 1999 for a nurses aide. i am a little more secure now.

it took a lot of years to try to find something and be able to stay in their. host: thank you for calling in. next voice is rudy in bakersfield, california. up in ventura california, which is a strong agricultural area. tide changed from the illegal 1970s until now. it is a lot different. most agricultural workers are chicanos. a lot of them work for generations and generations, doing paid labor. the problem frankly in the 1980s was generally immigration

increased rapidly because of the wars in south america. in started to see california, people from guatemala, people from colombia, el salvador. it wasn't just mexicans. when they get caught for being illegal, they always say, i am mexican. i think this is a huge misnomer to say illegal immigrants are mexican. this reform they are trent to do aw, is basically putting band-aid on a gunshot wound. i do not think both parties are serious at all about having a true solution. host: that was rudy in california. ron on twitter says the lead story in "the usa

today" -- quite a dramatic change from a couple of years ago. arthur is a republican in north carolina. arthur, what do you think about immigration reform? i am really for real immigration reform. it consists of the following freeze allnts -- immigration and visas for 50 years with no exceptions, and second, export our illegals i paying americans to transport them by land, sea, and air, recall and void all present visas. the last element should be to find all-american employers and landlords can thousand dollars employers andn

landlords $10,000. if democrats and republicans do not do this, they are ffcessories to the illegal stu going on in our government. they are not doing what the american people want them to do. real, comprehensive, american immigration reform. host: arthur, what do you think about the argument that some republicans make that demography is very important, at the latino vote is very important to republicans, and without passing immigration reform as passed by the senate, it is not going to happen? caller: if they want the latino vote among the foreign vote, and then go to the other countries and get them. not ours. america is for americans, period. host: lisa is in oakland,

california. caller: good morning. host: lee's go-ahead. -- please go ahead. caller: my name is lisa. i have been living -- host: you've got to turn down the volume on your tv or radio. caller: my name is lisa. i am african american. i have been living in europe for the past 25 years. devastated as a country at what we have become. we should be ashamed of ourselves. in europe, there is no way you can hold the country hostage and say that, because i've come here and had a baby and running in and out of the country, no one in europe would allow this rubbish to go on. americans have to wake up and stop feeling sorry for these people. i live in california. these people do not care about

united states. i notice that all of these groups are coming here, indians are coming here, mexicans, people coming here from different parts of the world, and they are carving up for their community. i do not think about the united states as a whole. they are pushing good americans -- i have seen good americans rushed out of their jobs. to african-americans -- i know we have gone to a struggle -- but you have nowhere to go. you will be here forever. think is to pull up your pants and think of the united states and making this country better. darling, i have been traveling around the world, and there is nothing like the united states. if african-americans do not get it together, you will be on the bottom forever. there are other immigrants coming through and pushing you down. host: that was lisa in oakland. from "the hill" --

survey by latino decisions. it says a final call on this topic coming from nancy in maine. caller: how are you doing today? host: good. caller: i do not believe we should allow any more people in this country until we straighten out the problems that we have now. i also think -- i just took my

helped helped him new -- him move to baltimore to help them get a job, and on the way back come up with holdover to get gas and food. i went into a burger king. everybody that worked there was speaking arabic. they could hardly speak english at all. i thought i was in another country. i agree with your last caller. i think we have enough people here now that we are having a lot of problems with, and all the other problems we have in this country. i do believe a lot of people have to leave their hometowns to get a job somewhere else because they cannot stay here because somebody else took over so many jobs in the town that the people from the town have to leave. i do not think that is right. i think it is all -- it is a political move. i think it is to get votes.

i think that is what they really want to do. the republicans and democrats are both fighting for those votes. i think if we continue this, we are not going to be pressing one for english and two for spanish, we are going to be pressing all 10 numbers on the phone for 10 different languages. that is how i feel about it. host: the final article we want to share with you, in the first section of "the washington post" --

, at it comes to abortion least 13 new state legislatures have passed new limits, although two are waiting for governors to sign off. a bill that would've closed every abortion clinic in texas was dramatically disputed by democratic filibuster. when it comes to drones, an

idaho law forbids anybody from using an unmanned aircraft were spying on another. virginia has passed a ban preventing authorities in using drones for the next two years, according to the national conference of state legislatures. some state laws that took effect on july 1. we've got three segments coming up on the "washington journal." who will introduce you to dr. lauren lewis who is a doctor and epidemiologist at the centers for disease control. we will be talking about the extreme heat out west and public health. we will also be talking with ylan mui, a financial reporter at the wash it -- at the "washington post." we will talk about the federal reserve announcement a couple of weeks back him and the potential federal reserve policies, and its impact on consumers. that is what is coming up on "washington journal."

we will be right back with lauren lewis of the cdc. ♪ making the transition from journalism to books is exhilarating and completely overwhelming and frightening. but wonderful. >> why did you make that choice? >> i made that choice -- i had long wanted to be working on a book a cousin of the freedom it allows you to dive into a topic and lose yourself and go off on tangents and have enough time to really explore it fully. >> sunday -- taboo sciences, living in space, the afterlife, and the human digestive system. best-selling author mary roach will take your calls, e-mails, .acebook comments, and tweets that is noon eastern on sunday on book tv on c-span 2. >> "washington journal" continues. we want toatlanta, introduce you to dr. lauren

lewis, a doctor at the centers for disease control. she is an epidemiologist. what is an epidemiologist? guest: it is a public health professional, sometimes it can be a doctor. also, there are phd epidemiologists. we investigate and conduct research on public health problems, on diseases that impact populations. you can say that my patients our communities and populations, as opposed to a clinical physician who treats one patient at a time. host: when it comes to heat and what is happening out west and the cdc, what is your role in investigating or solving some problems? cdc is anprogram at environmental epidemiology program. we help state and local health departments address

environmental concerns, including extreme weather events like heat waves. cdc and heatthe waves -- specifically, what are you doing to help people, prevent it, etc.? guest: cdc has a variety of resources for state and local health departments and for the public. the public can access a lot of that information on the cdc website. our primary concern is making individuals aware of what they can do to protect their health. a lot of the information is on the website. we also provide health departments in addressing public health concerns in their state and for their communities. messages or some of our messages that we send out to

the public is to stay cool, stay hydrated, and stay informed during extreme weather events like what is happening in arizona and nevada. dr., there was a recent article in the paper, "get used to killer heat waves, cdc warns." is that an actress headline? -- an accurate headline? change, it climate is anticipated that extreme heat events or heat waves will become stronger and become longer and become more frequent. it is really impossible to relate anyone even come up like the event that is happening and the heat wave in the west right now -- it is impossible to rate

-- relate that specifically to climate change. to see, we do expect stronger, longer, and more frequent heat waves. host: you can see the date line down on the screen of your televisions. extreme heat and public health is what we are talking about with dr. lauren lewis of the cdc. go ahead and dial in. comment ono make a our twitter feed @cspanwj pr journal@c-ail at span.org. there is an initiative by cdc, climate ready states and cities initiative. guest: the role in climate change is to help communities to ine for and adapt

pending changes related to climate change. , it this initiative does supports state and local public health departments in assessing, what are their vulnerabilities for their communities related to climate change? what should they be most concerned about in terms of potential health impacts on their communities? then it also helps communities implement surveillance systems and systems to monitor and track potential illnesses and injuries that could be related to climate change. finally, this initiative supports intervention that can help communities address climate change. for example, in arizona, this initiative funded communication messages that the state provides to schools and educators on how to keep kids safe during extreme weather events. host: how much money is cdc putting towards this initiative? guest: i believe that the

initiative is a $7 million initiative. host: and how many states are participating? guest: right now, there are 16 states and two cities participating. we are hoping we will expand, and we are also hoping that those 16 states and two cities will produce models that can be replicated by other cities and states. host: this morning in "the new york times" is this article what do you say to people who do not necessarily agree with the view that climate change is affecting weather patterns? guest: well, i cannot really say much about those who do not agree with climate change or do

not believe in climate change, and as i said earlier, we cannot link anyone specific event to climate change. but i can tell you that we are seeing more extreme weather events. guest: you have worked on extreme weather events before, according to your beyond -- i out her favorite including -- to your biography. you worked in american samoa, with hurricane sandy. what has been your role? guest: my branch provides assistance, whatever that may be, to state and local health departments. and also to ngos. we work closely with american red cross, and during hurricane sandy, we deployed staff to help and shelters to conduct surveillance for injuries and illnesses in the shelters. inalso provide assistance

helping states assess the needs in their communities so that they can allocate resources to communities that have been affected by zip -- by disasters. 120 degrees out west right now. what is your advice to people? cool. number one, stay if you can, go to air- conditioned environment. not have air conditioning, there are public libraries, walls, family and friends. stay cool is number one. no. 2, stay hydrated. a drink plenty of fluids. drinksay from captivated and drinks that have high sugar content, and of course, alcohol. do not wait until you are

thirsty to hydrate. maintain fluids. stay informed. stay tuned to local weather alerts. ofugh the signs and symptoms heat and a less so when you can be aware of risks. people have died during the recent heat wave? >guest: i do not have those numbers. i have seen the media report of one death, but i did not have the specific remembers it. have the specific numbers. caller: good morning. i do not think i have called in before. my question is, do you look historically back to see how people deal with this in the past? temperatures seen today are somewhat cyclical. every time we hear a record, you

are breaking the record from the 1920's. how do people deal with that back then? there clearly was no air conditioning. there was not the obese that we have today because we have technology. when you are looking at things like that, are you using that as a basis? i know we'll talk about climate change, but clearly we have these events before, and what did people do? guest: that is a really good question. cdc recently released a report from the heat wave that occurred in 2012. this was a unique event, because there was a severe storm that swept through the mid-atlantic states and parts of the midwest, leaving millions without power.

i believe it was around 3.8 million people that were without power. at the same time, and he wave struck the area. ,dc work with four states maryland, ohio, virginia and west virginia where 32 people died within three weeks. we compare those deaths during that event to similar he waves that had occurred in the past such as the chicago heat wave that occurred in the 1980's were 700 people died. we found that fewer people died compared to 2012 compared to previous events that were very similar. although i cannot say we do not know for certain why fewer people died in the 2012 event, we know that states where a very

proactive. there were very prepared and responded quickly when temperatures started to rise they have pre-prepared messages ready to disseminate to the public. they kept in communication with the publicthey set up cooling ss were people without power could go to an air-conditioned environment. they deployed volunteers and staff to go door to door to check on the most vulnerable people. adults over 65 who live alone and maybe without air- conditioning. i cannot tell you for certain prevented deaths, but perhaps they did. take the next call is jeff in baltimore. my question is regarding climate change. a lot has been made of human involvement. i have recently read an article about sunspots have a more

direct correlation. on thecdc is not focused environmental causes of climate change. how communities can ep for, adapt to and protect the public from potential changes related to climate change that can impact help. that is the impact of our work. >> we have this tweet for you. does deforestation and other key bravesmake worse? heatwaves worse? thet: again, that is not cdc's role, so i am probably not the best person to answer that but we know that the environmental changes do impact climate change.

--ther tweet any response for that? explained, and -- as an epidemiologist, i am a healer. whether then a doctor who wears a white coat and stethoscope, i'd like to heal communities and populations. host: jim in cincinnati. caller: good morni the keeper taking my call. you hear so much about this carbon and everything. i would like to ask the doctor with all of the forest fires going on out west, it seems like almost year round to a point, but the wind blows to the east.

is there increase problems that have been brought about by the carbon in the air? it seems to me there would be more carbons from that than any power plants. that is my question. answeri cannot really that question in terms of the contribution of wild fires to climate change. we do know that carbon emissions from power plants to contribute to climate change. i do not have any information on the contribution of wild fires. lucy mae in connecticut. please go ahead with your question or comment. is a very comment important factor in every disease and climate change. .he condition of soil

can you repeat the question? comment abouts climate change. condition of soil. did use a condition of soil? caller: condition of soil and .ir is more important factor could you follow that at all? guest: i think it is all related to climate. climate does impact soil

conditions. the role all of that place and climate change, i do not know and do not know if we know. tweets -- guest: that is a very good comments, and i am glad the issue was raised. heat illness is important because it is common. approximately 650 people died every year from heat illness. 650. that is more than the number of people that die from tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, and lightning combined. what is most important about this is that these deaths are preventable. no one should die from heat- related illness. tweets in --ngton

guest: well, i hope rather than tweeting, you are getting to a cool place and getting hydrated. sounded like a heat exhaustion. if the symptoms continue, i suggest to seek medical advice. say get hydrated, is there a limit to how much someone should hydrate at first? limit really,s no but the cdc recommends if you are working or exercising ordoors during a hot day extreme weather events, a cdc recommends that you drink too-4 cups per hour of fluids.

earlier, avoid decaffeinated and high sugar fluids. we also recommend do not wait until you are thirsty. maintain hydration before you get thirsty. degrees sunday in las vegas. 117. how long can someone be outside in the temperature without suffering consequences? guest: there is no set time. there are lots of variables. some people are more vulnerable to heat than others. that includes people better 65 and older, people with chronic medical condition, such as heart disease. people on certain medications may make them more susceptible, and of course infants and young children.

my best recommendation is to avoid high temperatures, of being outside during the peak temperatures of the day if at all possible and pay attention to how you feel and the warning signs of heat exhaustion. host: you are on the washington journal with laura and it was from the centers of disease control. -- lauren lewis. caller: being 80 years old has the curse of our deep in throwing a lot -- having been through a lot of things in knowing the answers. isviving in high heat simple. when i wasn't the army in the mexico, the heat got up to 125 degrees during the peak of the day. we worked outside a lot of the

time. i do not know of anyone having severe problems with the heat. .e were fully clothed farmers work and at all the time, and i worked in it when i was young, and you wore a long sleeved shirt and had a straw hat. we lived back when we did not have air conditioning. new orleans we have pretty high heat. we just had giant ceiling fans. thatguess the only thing it's different than what we hear about now is we were young. guest: well, heat is not new. i agree with the calller.

illness and death is not new either a lot of the y made, wearing hat, protecting yourself from the sun, wearing loose, like clothing are all common sense recommendations that do protect you. when at all possible, stay out of the heat. fans make you feel better, but when temperatures are really air andrians blow hot do not protect you against the heat. dr. willis practice internal medicine in atlanta. she served as a clinical instructor from four house college of medicine and earned a

master's in public health and epidemiology from emory university. still and individual. please mention climbing into a cool water tub. that lowers bader -- body temperature quickly. brought am glad you that up, calller. when people are suffering from heat adoption or heat stroke, which is a serious illness, climbing into a cool water, or taking a cool shower can bring body temperatures down quickly and is recommended under those circumstances. since you brought it up, some of the sentence of heat exhaustion -- symptoms of heat exhaustion are excessive sweating, weakness, sometimes painting -- skin, g, cold, clamy

week polls. if you feel any of those signs or symptoms, get to an air- conditioned environment and hydrate. try to bring your body temperature down. a good way to do that is a cold shower or cold bath. and and baltimore. baltimore. caller: i have a quick question. and i think surname lucy mae calling in about the soil. the impact of the soil when it draws into the house in the indoor air quality and how that affects a person's health and how that is impacted by climate change. there was wondering if you could speak to that. guest: i am not sure if anyone has looked or whether we know whether soil conditions impact

indoor air and whether that is related to climate change. i do not think we know. host: easton in jacksonville, florida. based on some of the callers, i understand the redundancy, but i was more curious about some of the other diseases being affected by the rise in temperatures. there is obvious malaria and things like that. that is a good question. we anticipate with climate change to see an expansion of the pollen season, and that would in fact impact people with allergies, people with asthma, air quality, people with other respiratory illnesses. we also expect to see changes in of vector-borne

elvises like mosquito-borne illnesses like west nile and limes disease. other impacts changes in quality and the quality we might see. jonathan, sacramento, calif.. caller: hello, doctor. think is behind the climate change? just about two weeks ago it was raining over here in sacramento, and now it seems to be in the three digits. again, we cannot really relate that to climate change or specific changes we could not relate to climate change, but we are seeing where events tend to be more common. we are seeing more extreme weather events.

louis, every year we read about a young person out there practicing and dying on the field and often comes with the heat. the work with athletic departments? with athletic departments? guest: yes, we do. athletes of all ages who practice their sport, workout during hot weather are at risk for heat illness. provides tools and educational tool kits for coaches, athletes, nurses to help them understand how to prevent heat illness and what to do if one of the athletes becomes ill. tweet from laura --

that is a good question. people are more vulnerable to hot and humid heat than they are to dry heat, because humidity interferes with the efficiency of the body to regulate heat, which primarily comes through sweating. so hot and humid heat is more of a risk. dog canyon tweets in, are low-sodium diet is more likely to cause more cases of heat stroke? >> i am not aware of low-sodium diets causing heat stroke. cdc does not recommend taking sodium supplements for potential electrolyte imbalances during heat. we recommend it heat cramps occur, which can occur from

excessive sweating and the result of electrolyte imbalance. we do recommend hydrolyzing reaching we do recommend hydrated with fluids. recommend it sold supplements or low-sodium diets. how much warmer our cities over suburbs? guest: there is what they call a heat island affect in cities due and the effect that has on the distribution of heat and the sun. i think it is fair to say that cities tend to be hotter than rural areas. host: you have worked on tornadoes and other events as well. any common thread among the different events that you can

identify? one common thread is be prepared, be prepared, be prepared. the better prepared individuals are four extreme weather events, the more protected they are. whether it is being prepared and knowing where the safe room is when there is a tornado, having a plan for your family, and making sure to check on a neighbor and friend, that can protect individuals during most events. and holds true with states public health officials as well. the better prepared your state and local help our, the better able they are to protect you and your communities. good morning. are you concerned with the

inadequate electric grid that we have? my power company wants to offer me all kinds of deals if i will allow my power to be cut off at peak times. i know we were supposed to be to -- doing work on a grid but was not done. does this bother you? my second thought is i think the american people really should know what the climate change -- weather climate change is true or not. host: let's get a response to that. thank you for calling in. i am not really the best person to ask or answer questions about your electric grid or electrical service serving you in your community. this varies from state to state and region to region.

there are other agencies better local utility companies that are in the best position to answer questions about the status of your service. a lot of that there is evidence that supports changes, climate change, and we are seeing more or rear events happen more frequently. events happening more frequently. we are encouraging people to be prepared and adapt. >> jody tweets in with all of the climate changes to come, the question still remains, are we able to adapt to the climate we created? >> well, that is what c.t.c. is working towards. i am confident that can happen. it is a matter of being prepared putting resources

towards identifying what vulnerabilities are and putting in place to address the vulnerabilities. host: allen in georgia. please go ahead with your question or comment. moving on to larry in clinton, missouri. caller: good morning. there is one question i would like for you to answer. i will bet that you cannot. you wereave now is telling everyone to go to a cool place, which is all electric and the only way you concur off -- the only way you can cool off. speak, isment, as we at war with people who are poor and are not afforded to have

electricity. they will raise the electricity bills. you know it and i know it. i am working with my electricity company here in the area to keep the electric bills down and so the court -- so that the poor people can do it. our president is against that all together. trying to do away with cold in trying to do away with the things that you are doing to protect the environment. how was it going to protect the old people and the people who cannot afford the electricity. i have been down here 16 years where i live now. obama and his crew are against cold and the other things that can help us out.

there has to be a better way. the environmental protection agency needs to be eliminated in my humble opinion. host: any comments for the calller? guest: what i do recommend, and it sounds like you have an air- conditioned home and electricity now, but if you are ever in a position where that is compromised, and during extreme heat and very hot days, my recommendation to you is to be aware in contact your local public health and be aware of where you can go to get relief from heat. that is the best information i have for you. host: how closely it as the cdc work with other government agencies involved with climate change issues? c.t.c. works very close with epa and other federal

agencies. we have a complementary role when it comes to climate change, and we work really side by side during extreme weather events. as i stated earlier, our role is more in trying to protect the public and help state and local health the permits put protections in place to help the public to adapt. we have been talking to an epidemiologist for the center for disease control. she joins us from atlanta. thank you for your time this morningtw. two more segments. turning our attention to the federal reserve and consumers with a financial reporter. then we want to introduce you to a senior washington correspondent. we will talk about the nsa's new upa center that is being set

and prepared to open in utah in the fall. we will talk with him about that. first, a news update from c-span radio. >> from tanzania of this morning, politicos playbook reporting on the final african stop for president obama were earlier today former president bush, who couldn't read a coincidently is there for the george w. bush african first lady summit appeared briefly and somberly and silently with his predecessor today at a wreath laying at a memorial for 11 people killed in 1998 in the bombing of the u.s. embassy. meanwhile, mike allen writes across town the wives held a first lady's edition of the view, a lively chat moderated at the opening session of the summit, which over two days will drop 10 first ladies from throughout africa. president obama and michelle are

now flying back to andrews air force base. an update on the middle east from the palestinian president on peace talks. abas optimistic that it will restart peace talks. secretary carried discuss syria while attending an asian security conference after meeting with foreign ministers. he said the u.s. and russia are seriously committed to having an international conference on syria and setting up a transitional government. as for russia and edward snowden, a word this morning is dropped his bid for asylum. russian news agencies quoted the spokesperson says he withdrew his request when he learned about the terms moscow set out. countries where he has applied for asylum says he cannot apply from abroad. the countries include germany,

norway, poland and switzerland. india is already denying mr. snowden asylum. >> making the transition from journalism to books is exhilarating and completely overwhelming and frightening but wonderful. >> why did you make that choice? >> i have long wanted to work on a book because of their freedom it allows you to really died in to a topic and lose yourself and go off on a tangent and have enough time to really explore it fully. >> sunday, living in space, the afterlife and human digestive so -- human digestive system. very rich will take your calls, and e-mails. that is sunday at noon eastern on c-span to. we want to is st. --

ylan mui.you to two weeks ago ben bernanke made a statement that shook up the markets. here is a little bit of what he had to say. wasur basic forecast, which pointed out earlier, a moderately optimistic forecast for growth picks up as we passed through fiscal restraint. and when it continues to fall at a gradual pace and has been since last september. inflation rights towards 2 percent. in that case we would expect we would expect to slow or moderate purchases later this year and then through the middle of next

year and ending in the middle of the year. important to understand have had a relatively decent economic output in terms of sustained improvement in growth and unemployment. kings are worse, we would do more. things are better, we would do less. host: what did he say and what happened after he said that? guest: let me start by explaining a little bit about the federal reserve and what it does because there is confusion about how it works and the ways it is time to stimulate the economy. and everyone is confused and the market is confused and that is part of what was all with the turmoil in the stock and bond markets over the past two weeks. but reserve typically has worked by targeting a level for short- term interest rates. it can say we will increase interest rates in order to make sure we are not overheating or

we can lower interest rates in order to stimulate the economy and encourage lending and demand and get consumers and businesses buying, spending, and investing. because we are in such an unusual situation. ever since the financial crisis they have been deploying new tools to boost the economy. one of the tools they have been using is something called asset purchases. something one as of late -- known as quantitative easing. isthat program what they do they are spending $85 billion per month to purchase long-term securities, long-term bonds in order to assess not only the short-term interest rates, but long-term interest rates as well. $85 billion per month and bond purchases will not go on forever. it will be temporary but they have not told us when the short-

term stimulus program will end. two weeks ago, after the fed reserve have the regular policy- setting meeting, they started to put conditions around when will the fed finally stopped purchasing this $85 billion per month and bonds to push down long-term interest rates? is theyy tried to say will start to decrease the level of purchases by 65 billion, 45 billion or something like that later this year. if all goes well with the economy, they would finally end the program when unemployment rate hit 7 percent, which they expect to happen in the middle of next year. that is something that really surprised markets. use allthe reason why the volatility. the other reason was because a lot of people were confusing the different stimulus program it's the fed has in place.

place. the fed has in they were saying it also must mean that short-term interest rates will increase rapidly. the fed has done a lot of work to separate those programs in the public's mind and investors' minds. host: what impact do those policies or change in policies have on consumers? guest: there can be a very strong impact. what we saw last week after the chairman spoke, a sell-off in the bond market. this helped rein in the interest rates for many products up. what is all is the interest on 30-year mortgages shot up. we saw it increase half a percent last week. now at about 4.5%, a level it has not been in several years. that is one immediate impact you can see fed policy and

mitigation having on the lives of every day consumers as they make decisions about how to spend their money and whether or not they feel confident. host: will that affect auto loans or personal loans? guest: yes, they would. the closest connection is between the fed purchases of the bonds and mortgages, partly because the fed is purchasing a very large amount of mortgage- backed securities. they are having a more direct influence on the mortgage market. because the fed is now trying to interest a short-term interest rates, that can have an impact on all types of lending. the goal has been to push down the interest rates in order to make sure that people can't afford to buy homes and cars. if the message gets modeled, if

they do not do the job correctly, interest rates start to spike before they even make a change in policy, and that can have an impact on the recovery. people are afraid to take out loans that will slow down the pace of the recovery. host: if you would like to dial muind talk aboutylan from "the washington post." send an email. former reaganin, council of economic advisers chair, op ed this morning. the fed should start to taper now. the higher interest rates that higher -- that announced plans for taper bond buying will further weaken gdp and employment. this will make it more difficult

for the fed to achieve the labor market it says it is necessary to scale back on purchases. he writes that the fed is also understating the impact of the tapering plan on interest rates. concerns thatthe fed officials had after the chairman made his comment was what impacted this have on interest rates? i mention 30-year interest rates going up dramatically. if they continue to remain high, if they remain high for prolonged time, that can have a real impact on the decision making process. and when i was preparing to come on the show i said what questions do people have about the fed? right under the post there was a comment from one of my friends who said i applied for a mortgage six weeks ago and i was locked in at 3.5% rate.

six weeks later quoted over 4%. what is going on? how does this happen? that impacts the price of home he can purchase. things can factor into real household kitchen table economic decisions. watching this closely and looking at what is happening to interest rates in what is happening to bond yields as the process goes forward. maybe this was a temporary spike. case, thatains the could have implications for the housing recovery, which has been one of the main drivers of the economic recovery so far. >> being locked in does not necessarily mean being locked in? there was another story that someone else saw, as the chairman was walking up to the

podium, they saw the interest rates that there were being quoted increase by seven percentage points. i think you are seeing a lot of volatility, and that folks start to get nervous that the low interest rates that have been boosting the housing market will no longer be in play. and that can change the picture and can also change the time line. aboutsting that the talk the decisions are tapering because decisions are becoming height again. are highinterest rates for prolonged amount of time, that might make the case for them keeping bond purchases going even longer because it would mean the recovery needs more help. definitely two sides to this. host: is there something magical

to 7% unemployment? guest: it is a figure that the fed has said at that point we will have shown substantial improvement. when they started making $85 billion per month and expenditures, and a plant rate was at 8%. one percentage point improvement in the unemployment rate, they say that sounds like substantial improvement and put this on a pass toward more improvement in the labor market. the 7 percent figure has a lot of questions and scrutiny. why did they pick this? was the first time that you had the chairman put parameters around what will the scope of the program be? spending some people 85 billion per month to boost the recovery? are you sure it is working, and what are the costs in addition to the monetary value?

often say theple fed is printing money. is this true? where does the fed get its assets? guest: the fed is not printing money. that is shorthand for say it is creating money out of thin air. to move theble from the reserves it receives from banks, holds bank capital, interest on the reserves at the fed. it is the repository for the money that is not being lent out to consumers, businesses, etc.. that is where the fed is able to receive the purchases. it is buying government debt. there has been concern that the fed is not only printing money, but monetizing the debt, that it

government spending. those things are not the primary focus of the said. when it is creating monetary policy, certainly it considers many factors. aware of the political implications of decisions, but the mandate of the fed is really to do two things. one, to maximize employment to interestle -- to keep rates at the lowest level possible, and to control inflation. this is rather than focusing on employment and labor market. that is where some of this concern over the fed

unconventional stimulus program comes from. host: first call charles in north carolina. democrat line. parter: i have a two- question. i am wondering how mortgage- backed security. why would it not be analogous to fannie mae and freddie mac in buying huge amounts of mortgages and people not being able to pay them and basically going out of business? the government go out of business in -- of the same thing happen to mortgage- backed securities. thet: part of the reason government is not going out of business is because it is the government. it has more funds to work with and the lender of the next purpose, the lender of last

resort. securities, the way they work is banks will pull together several people's mortgages, hundreds of thousands into bonds and securities. then it will sell the securities, the pool of securities and mortgages off to someone else. that is what the federal reserve is purchasing. purchasing it specifically because the feeling is the housing market is one area in which was hardest hit by the financial crisis in one area where they can have an impact in one area and an impact where it is central to the recovery. we a seen housing prices in april increased by record amounts, i think 12 percent increase in home prices in april. the fact that the housing market is rebounding is this key piece

in putting the economy back on its right foot again. when you see home prices start to increase, people start to feel wealthier and brings people out from under water on their homes and gives people options for moving and selling their home, on higher price. the housing price is a really important piece of this. that is one of the reasons why the fed has been looking at mortgage-backed securities overall. it is not to say there are not people who believe the fed should not be involved in this market at all. people believe the fed should try to sell off the securities as quickly as possible. however, the core leadership still believes that is the correct path, and they believe holding on to those mortgages and securities for a long amount of time is the best way they can help stimulate the economy.

that is a very controversial decision and the fed is using a lot of and tested tools as it tries to work its way through the aftermath of the financial crisis. as it tries tols work its way through the aftermath of the financial crisis. and i think it would probably take issue with the term manipulate the currency. is to focus on unemployment and inflation and there is some concern that inflation is too low. and there are some people, top fed officials, james fuller, the president of the st. louis federal reserve, disagrees with the chairman's statement after he made it, which is a very rare move for him to make the public announcement, but he said part of the reason why this program should continue is because inflation has been running at 1%. the goal of the federal reserve

and economists believe the inflation rate is closer to 2%. the fact that inflation is running low, not taking into account the issues of unemployment in the labor market, but if you're looking at the inflation peace, that is the reason to keep purchasing bonds in the economy. that is a new thinking among the fed in very rare move by a top fed official to question the decision based on the inflation issue. i would like to preface my comments. the concept of inflation the past four years i have seen the cost of fuel more than double. hamburg -- kemper went from

$1.79 per pound to over $3. the cost of doing business going up 30-35%. the whole number of 1 percent inflation would be funny if it were not so expensive. the people making money in this market right now are those that already have it. the people getting hurt drastically are those that are on the lower end of the economic scale. if you only have a certain number of dollars to purchase food and fuel, even one percent is more than can be swallowed nicely. the concept that the fed is printing money, the whole concept of swapping 84 b is a joke. the unemployment rate is so far over 7.5% it is ludicrous. theymeone is not counted, therefore do not fit into the unemployment. i do not know where she is coming up with these figures,

try living outside of the beltway and try to pay for your life. host: response for him. he brings up to good points. points. good aggregate data assumes it is an average person living an average life with 1 percent inflation and that is the way people live. aggregate data often times volatility and a lot of differences in the actual details of how people are experiencing the economy from different walks of life in different parts of the economy. he mentioned the unemployment rate. right now at 7.6%. new unemployment numbers out on friday that will show a very small decline in unemployment

rate. not too bad. better than where we were when as a program started, but when you look deeper into the numbers, it you mentioned that if you're not actually looking for work, you have not looked for work in the past four weeks, if you are not counted as unemployed, even though you may certainly want a job. if you have been out of work and working part time, you are not considered unemployed, even though you look like a full-time job. you will find the unemployment numbers are very different and a lot of disparity. you say that we're in a recovery. seems like you are targeting the numbers for improvement. when will americans from all

walks of life start to feel improvement? i think one of the comment refrains that officials like to give its monetary policy is a blunt instrument. take a hike interest rates up, put them down. buy more bonds or buy fewer bonds. that is all they got. it makes a very difficult to the difficult reality is people are facing as they make it through the recovery. is consumerportant confidence and the economy? guest: consumer confidence has held up pretty well, even though we have seen some changes in the market now. the most recent volatility of the stock market has not yet been measured. we will have to see if if higher , if that will actually begin to change consumers' mind set. right now there is a lot of

momentum. it has been a bright spot in the recovery. people seem to have weathered the payroll tax increase. certainly there are impacts. so there are the headwinds that consumers are facing but we still see consumer spending holding up, confidence holding up remarkably well. if the consumer starts to falter, stumbled, that could be a reason to worry about the pace of recovery, and that could be a reason for the federal reserve to pull back on the timeline. in germantown, maryland. caller: thank you for c-span. my thought is the fed has done the right thing in maintaining the super low interest-rate. what gets me is the mortgage much lower than they are, and it is the banks that are making a killing on the

spread. to drop the mortgage rate down, that way the banks are making a now thatthe money money is being cut up into the higher levels of asset purchases. when you are dealing with people like me and others, $50,000, inflation is taking a much higher rates, as opposed to the assets that the banks and all of them are holding. your comment. guest: he actually makes a very good point. this has been a criticism of the best asset purchase program of quantitative easing. the channel for which the asset

purchases are supposed to work is the fed buys the bonds and purchases -- pushes down long- term interest rates and that means consumers have a lower cost to get a loan and they can spend more money, take out a bigger loan, make investments, by things to boost the economy. if that goes down. if banks are not passing along lower interest rates, mortgage rates, then that channel, a mechanism for which the bond purchases are supposed to work, does not work as well. there has been some question about it banks will be tighter in terms of lending, is lending conditions will not be conducive to consumers, what are you really getting for the 85 billion per month you are spending? thing he pointed out is the concern of around the

disparity in who is receiving the benefits of these programs. there has been some research around who is benefiting the most? what they found is many banks were working on refinances. people already owned a home. already had equity and could qualify for refinance. those are the people that are first benefiting from lower mortgage rates. the first-time home buyer folks who may have had lower credit scores are not as good credit, those were back in line for. some refinances were capturing taking some of the market away from the first-time home buyers. again, the way that these policies are implemented in the real world are very diverse and can have different impacts. up, anthony. caller: good morning.

i just had a question and was curious about her views on this. last week, i am sure if you know about ben bernanke came up with a statement saying they were going to tame bird -- taper down quantitative easing spending. shortly after making the statement multiple people from the fed attracted the statement saying the market had interpreted the markets incorrect. how do you feel that this bill measure the response to the way they went about claiming an issue and then trying to test the waters a little bit to see what the effects would be on the market? host: response for that calller. guest: i think it would be

helpful to take a quick step back and talk about the structure of the federal reserve. the federal reserve has two components. a board of governors based in washington. seven members on that board. ben bernanke is the chairman. and the federal reserve is also composed of 12 regional banks as well. they're located across the country from cleveland, san francisco, philadelphia. those presidents together with the board of governor. was the saw last week chairman, ben bernanke, making a statement, putting parameters of around the asset purchase program, what it would look like, how long it would continue, when it might end. then you also saw a lot of commentary from all the other federal reserve officials who

participate in the decision- making process. is not their boss. quite frequently they do. that can make for a very confusing picture for the public and investors as they try to understand what is the fed actually goingin reality, it ise that has many personalities, any opinions, and that does not always agree. days, when alan greenspan was the chairman, the ed to speak with one voice, that this is the way things are going to be done and open debate was discouraged. today you are finding more open debate, and that causes more confusion in the marketplace for investors and the public. the board of governors is

meeting today, 9:30 a.m. inwill be live on c-span2 about a half hour from now. what is today possibly meeting about? guest: we have been talking today about monetary policy and the fed's attempt to shape the economy through interest rates. one of the things they will be discussing is new capital rules for banks, how much they have to hold in reserve to ensure that they are responding to a crisis that we just came through. fed, there are many things i think folks don't realize the varied responsibilities that exist within the nation's banks. host: does the fed -- i am probably asking this very art -- very in articulately, but i will ask it anyway. does the fed only concern itself with macroeconomic policies, not

concerning individuals? guest: before i started covering the fed and reading all the speeches they give, i heard the same criticism. policyaid earlier, most is a blunt instrument. they only have so many tools at their disposal. however, i will say that the regional presidents very frequently -- quite frequently -- are on the road talking to the local: this club, the local chamber of commerce. they are leading -- they are meeting with business leaders in their community. that is part of the reason these regional banks exist, is to give the fed a broader view other than just what is happening in washington, but what is happening in kansas city, in minneapolis, what is happening in atlanta where some of these banks are located. that is part of the purpose of having this sort of bifurcated

one of thek governors, sarah raskin, and she told me an interesting tale of coming into her office. ae turned her car and went to job there, talking to the people offering jobs in talking to the the jobs at the job fair. it is not scientific, some of them are anecdotal, but they can have real impact in terms of how we understand the macroeconomics and policy. host: how much longer will ben bernanke be chair, and who is a potential replacement? guest: president obama said recently that bernanke had probably stayed in the job longer than he wanted to or maybe longer than he should have, he has been in the position during a time of

historic turmoil in the economy and the financial markets, and i can only assume that after that type of tenure, you would be pretty tired. the common thinking, the conventional wisdom, that he is probably not going to stay past the end of his term early next year. some of the logical frontrunners our the current vice chairman, federalan of the reserve, janet yellin, who is closely aligned with ben bernanke. other names floated about our under treasury secretary timothy geithner, potentially roger ferguson, the former fed governor. a couple of other candidates out there. certainly some that the white house is thinking about. executive who would be the replacement, that will be through the rest of the summer. host: please go ahead with your question or comment regarding the fed and consumers.

ylan mui is our guest. caller: good morning. my question is comparing of the dollar when buying bonds and securities and putting money into the economy. isn't this affecting the countries around the world, the unrest that we have in egypt, turkey, and other countries? doesn't the fed actually affect those countries with the money poli they have right now? guest: certainly the value of the dollar can and does affect the markets all over the world, having a strong impact particularly in emerging markets. it is responsible for the u.s. economy, not the central bank of the world. so it has to focus on its two containing inflation and price stability. other countries have decided to

pay their currencies to the dollar, and certainly all these things might inform thinking, there are things they are aware of, but it is primary responsibility for the economy, -- it is primarily responsible for the u.s. economy, not emerging markets. host: our next call is from ron, lafayette, louisiana. caller: listen, i have a three- part question. one part goes to free-trade, or if we got most of our jobs overseas it hurts our economy. if we brought 80% of jobs back it would help. the second part is, if we paid by usingit off insurance, $100,000 per person, and the fed paid it off at $50 per person, -- $50,000 per person, we could pay most of our deficit. the third part is when we have awards paying for a jet that cost $1 million to build, bringi it down more of a sum

of $20 million per plane, in the same category of everything else, why can't they do these things and fix these problems so they don't occur and bring our economy back where it needs to be host: do you have anything to offer that caller? the federal reserve is focused on monetary policy, and a lot of the issues he brought up were for fiscal policy and the u.s. congress. the fed has actually been pretty vocal in its criticism of congress for the way it has handled the national budget, etc.,ng, sequestration, and one of the major -- the major headwinds that the fed has cited for the recovery, one of the major things holding back -- holding us back from achieving better growth is washington.

unfortunately. they have been very vocal in saying that controlling these things, congress, lawmakers, you can control those things and you need to get your act together and make sure we are both working on the recovery. mui, this tweet -- how much blame to you give the fed for the market collapse of 2008? guest: it is clear the fed did not see a financial crisis coming. actually, transcripts from the fed's meetings in 2007 were released this year, so you have full transcripts, verbatim, everything said in the meetings, a five-year delay. what you found was actually a remarkable focus on the wrong places, inflation,h

certainly is one of the -- one of the fed's objectives. in focusing on the housing market, there is hesitancy to act the cause of concerns about inflation, because they just did not see the contagion effect the housing market had. there were some been officials. there is one in particular. janet yellin, a potential placement for ben bernanke if he leaves, she called it. she said what is housing -- what is happening with the housing market, with the subprime loans? it is really concerning to me and we should take a closer look at. but unfortunately the fed as a whole did not decide to act on some of those issues, and we got into the mess we got into. in indiana, is

independent line. caller: yes, i have a question for ms. mui. if she could tell me about the money created by the federal reserve, am i correct in assuming that is a full faith in credit in the united states government, which equates to the american taxpayer? so all of these things -- free- trade agreements, everything -- would come into question as far as the obligations that the american taxpayer owes. i would take my answer off the air. thank you. it is upwould say that americanss certainly that fund the government, taxpayers that fund the government. but i don't think there is a concern that either the fed or

the government at this point is going to be defaulting on any debts or anything like that. there is a concern about the the current budget deficit, and i think there is a concern about how exactly the fed is spending -- those are all legitimate things, but the fears or the worries that people have that somehow the u.s. is headed for bankruptcy, at this point are unfounded. is -- . host: what ever happened to moody's downgrading the u.s. credit rating? do they still have that downgraded rating on us? itst: i am not sure what rate of the u.s. said -- the u.s. fed is, but you have seen investors move into treasuries,

bond purchases at a time when there is turmoil across the globe. people look to u.s. government debt as a safe haven to put that money they can sort of feel this when in going to be ok, greece in the middle class, tomorrow you find that china's inflation rate is increasing or what have you. the u.s. government debt is considered very secure. "$85 big guns tweets in, billion every month. who is getting this money? the american people are getting played from the biggest scam in history." guest: again, the u.s. government is getting part of it buys mortgage backed securities. half is going to buying longer- term treasuries, and the other half is going towards buying mortgage-backed securities. some people have criticized

whether or not it actually is ineffectual, but the idea that the money comes back into the economy in order to make homes more affordable for home buyers, to help folks come out from underwater on their homes and get things going again -- but there is question about how well these things work. because we are seeing, again, higher interest rates right now tom a and the recovery is still not moving as host: fast as we would like it to be. host:just a couple of minutes -- host: just a couple of minutes left with our guest ylan mui. caller: my question is, why can't the federal government force all the banks, the credit card companies, everybody, to lower interest rates two points across the board? i will hang up and listen to your answer. rates are interest

not a set factor. fed we talked about the pushing down interest rates or hiking interest rates, they are purchasing bonds, securities, treasuries. interest rates are set by the marketplace, and so the economic thinking is that if there were an artificial level for interest rates, pushing them down to this amount, that would create more instability. ratesncern over interest works both ways, so if they are too hi, that can hurt borrowers, lenders, or the housing recovery. at the same token, if they are too low, it hurts people on fixed incomes. anyone with a savings account or money market account, you look at that balance and find out it is not going unaware -- it is

not going anywhere for a while. the goal is to create a stronger economy in which interest rates would naturally rise as set by the marketplace, and folks can be better able to afford them because the economy is recovering, increasing, etc. it is almost an on/off strip -- an on/off switch, something that is set by the marketplace, is a real factor in how people make their budgeting decisions. michael from lenovo harbor, new jersey, republican line, you are the last caller for this segment. caller: with government from day one spending more money than they have taken in, and now with this wonderful bond buying they are doing, when the bonds come

due, we have to pay for them. are they just going to print up more money to pay for them so that our debt goes up that much more? why daughter when she gets a job, should -- her dad will probably go from $50,000 up to $200,000. -- her debt will probably go from $50,000 up to $200,000. guest: i think the caller brings up a good point about the fed's exit strategy, and it is something they have not devoted much attention to recently because they are not buying as much as they were before. agreed to certain exit principles as it looks to unload the in august balance sheet that has run out over the past several years. -- that has run up over the past several years. i have run out that they will not sell their mortgage backed securities, they would just let those securities mature and then

run off altogether. how the fed will eventually bring down the size of its balance sheet, bring you down the amount of bond purchases will be a complicated question moving forward. ylan mui began her journalism career with the new orleans times picayune. she teaches journalism at the university of maryland here in the suburbs at college park, maryland. thanks for being on the "washington journal." one more segment. we will introduce you to thomas burr, senior correspondent with "the salt lake tribune." we will talk about the new national security agency data

center set to open in utah. first, this from c-span radio. jumped 12.2%ices in may from a year ago. that is the most in seven years, suggesting the housing recovery is strengthening. real estate data provider corelogic says prices rose from a year ago in 48 states and fell in only delaware and alabama. in all but three of the 100 largest cities, reported price gains. an update on the situation in egypt this hour. nbc news tweets that protesters are now gathering entire rear square in cairo. tahrir gathering in square in cairo. yesterday six cabinet ministers quit, and the military gave president morsi a 48 hour ultimatum to work out differences with the opposition. meanwhile, canada, in a message on their website, says they are

posing the country's embassy in cairo until further notice for security reasons. jake cap retweets that on this retweets jake tapper that on this day lbj signed the civil rights act. the transition from journalism to books is exhilarating and completely overwhelming and frightening but wonderful. >> why did you make that choice? >> i had long wanted to be working on a boys because -- on a book because of the freedom it allows you. reallyenough time to explore it fully. sciences,""taboo "living in space." will be taking your e-mails, calls, and tweets, sunday at noon eastern on "booktv." >> "washington journal"

continues. host: now joining us is thomas burke, senior correspondent with "washington journal." -- with "the salt lake tribune." what is the new national security agency center being built? a good question. there are some people very fearful out there that believe it is big brother incarnate. they see this big box and they say it is listening to my phone calls, reading all my e-mails. ands really just one thing a large operation for national security efforts. it is one cog, a big operation. the best way to describe it is it is the world's largest hard drive, a huge, massive amount of data that can be stored inside the huge boxes in salt lake county. this is the national security agency big backup storage area,

where they are putting all their data, using their analysts to tap at some point. they can hold this data for five years under some laws. maybe longer under other laws. for all the data they are taking in, there is a lot out there. host: in essence, is a hard drive, a storage unit, and aggregation of data, of phone calls, sales, data. guest: we sat down with officials several weeks ago, and they kept saying it was a data form. what a data form does is harvest information. that information, according to the nsa, is not about americans but about foreign intelligence. they are taking other intelligence from other countries, possible terrorists am a and storing this information in the data center in utah. this is not where analysts are, it is one big hard drive to download people sitting there

reading on a computer screen, they are just storing it. the best way to describe it is this is so big come you could take every hard drive americans have right now, and it would fit the information inside this data center. int: a series of articles "the salt lake tribune." a couple of articles that have come out about this -- "1.5 million square feet," about 1/5 the size of the pentagon, but only approximately 200 people are going to be employed at this to yourut according newspaper. what is that space being used for? huge. it is it is hard to drive by that without saying that is really scary how big that is. we're talking about a very small area that is data. you remember when we had a little three by five disc and it held on .4 megabytes, or the

floppy disk before that held four kilobytes. now we can store gigabytes on a thumb drive that you carry around in your backpack. so the storage capacity has become so much better over time that, yes, you only need a certain amount of floor space to have these computers in there because they are such supercomputers, with such storage capacity. the rest is technical support. when you have that in your machines, you need cooling towers, backup generators, fuel storage, security. essentially what the nsa has told us they will have at the facility. they are making sure the machines are running. their job is to make sure that if one machine goes down they can fix it. if there's a red light, they can make sure they can turn into a green light. their job is not necessarily to be analysts, to figure out what

phone calls to take or what e- mails they should be looking at. their job is to make sure those machines are running. host: 1.7 million gallons of water a day to cool the machines. energy costs. why did they pick utah for this? guest: $18 million a year in electricity. one of the main reasons i like to say is that because utah is a most wonderful state and beautiful and everyone wants to go there. but i think the main reason they chose it is the utility rates are cheaper in utah. there is a point where you go out west and it is a lot cheaper than having a facility in or outside washington. land space. you go west, you can build out a huge facility like this because there is so much land. one of the reasons the nsa told us they put it there is because they geographically wanted something different. before that, a lot of

facilities were around here in washington, the beltway. but if you have a terrorist attack or you have a power grid go down or a competition for some reason that this facility is not working because of an internet line, the reason we do that is we spread them out so that they have one in texas. so the power grid in texas -- they have one in utah, where if something goes down here, fort meade outside washington, you have a backup. i wanted something geographically different. the biggest thing is utility rates. it is cheaper to get land there. host: here is a map from "the somelake tribune" showing of the data centers that the national security agency totally has. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. georgia, texas, maryland. -- did you say you

want this job to be built? guest: absolutely. 4000state like utah where or 5000 jobs mean a lot, it can be a boost to the economy. the construction industry was not doing so well at the time. so it wrought in a lot of jobs, more diversity for the state. when you are talking about more federal contracts, more federal workers, and making utah become one of those places that the , more data want centers and people will come there. they have the technology there. they be the workforce is great. facilities tor come in there. a great data center, a farm, what pharmacy. several different facilities. i know everyone has worked hard getting this from the utah governor, jon huntsman, junior.

i think there were 30 different , localities, that wanted the center. rates -- utahity wins. there are utah rates that the state is happy to have all those jobs. host: where is it located? ofst: on the southern border salt lake county, utah county. that has grown quite tremendously in the last decade or two before it was farmers and there was not much out there. but now the area is -- it is a suburb of salt lake. host: how far from the airport? ,uest: it depends on traffic

but probably 15 minutes from the freeway. it is also near a national guard base, camp williams. they wanted places to be secure. one, you have to get on a military base. beyond that, you would have to get into a secure facility that has some police force. host: what did it cost and how was it funded? estimate was one point $2 billion. other estimates are $1.5 billion. it is a lot of money that came over several years. 2006/2007. the nsa was going to need something big in the future, so they planned ahead to have a big facility built. it took a while. they broke ground in 2009. now it is 2013. again, some time, but we're talking huge water coolers, transmission lines, we are talking the facility itself

has got to be made to withstand a terrorist attack or things like that. it took a lot of time and construction materials. thomas burr is our guest, senior correspondent with "the salt lake tribune." we are talking about the new nsa data center, due to open in salt lake city this fall. burr comesfor mr. from steven in windsor, connecticut. caller: thanks for taking my call. the data center is an amazing construction project. the nsa credit. nobody really does i.t. like those guys. they are really on the ball. an article, and also mr. burr's work. the nsa, in my opinion, is awful with their public relations with

theamerican public, and now europeans. just awful. i mean, really bad. and, quite frankly, i think they owe germany and apology. let's face it, i am shocked there is gambling going on in europe. i am shocked that the europeans have been spied on, not like there have not been incidents in the newspaper of spying on other countries. host: i think we got the point. any comment? guest: first of all, tech support is helpful when finding problems. the nsa director at one time was talking about how the nsa is the most secret and one of the most powerful agencies in the united states government, and what americans trust the least is secrecy and power. so it is hard to say that the a lovable,ry to be

plucky, wonderful organization that americans like that they cannot really talk about what they are doing. if you are talking about classified information, they want you to trust them but they cannot tell you why. i will say that in doing our stories, our package of stories on the data center, the nsa will try to be as transparent as possible with us. i reached out a couple months ago say we want to do something on the data center. they invited us up, said come to fort meade. they have on the record interviews, the deputy director seeing that we were coming on a schedule, dropped in just to say hi and talk to us about that. so they obviously are trying, it there is -- not to defend the nsa, but their job is tough as they cannot talk about some of the things they are doing. has come inweet from matt smith, and he says, " mr. burr i have reported dalehere that the bluff

facility is already partly operational. is that true?" wast: what they were doing getting some a tour of the facility. from my understanding, it is not operational yet. all thee not install hardware stuff yet. they did a soft opening to let people see what is inside their bank. the bluff dale mayor got to go to that opening. right now it is not taking information, as i understand it, from the nsa. leahy,tors hatch and representatives chafe its -- have they been critical of some of the leaks from the nsa, and how do they square the criticism with this new data center opening near them? see how they respond in one

way because they were so happy to push for it to come. senator hatch is a longtime member of the intelligence committee, dropped off a year or two ago. about the nsa's programs, and he believes there is plenty of oversight and we should not be code that should not be so concerned about her senator mike lee is more concerned, worried that in the is, what the nsa is doing encroaching on the privacy of americans. congressman chafe this is also concerned about this. etz isgressman chaffin also concerned about it. the government has to have a data website -- a data warehouse somewhere. the question is where and how are they getting it? if it is through legal channels,

they don't seem to have a problem with that. eric, from maryland. thank you for taking my call. i am not sure if your guest is intending to do this, but some of the comments coming across to the american people about this being a data farm and that they are not analysts that are going over the data tends to diminish the actual warranted intrusion into our private lives. for instance, gain some perspective on it. british troops that would enter into peoples homes and seize papers and invade invade people's homes are prior to the revolution. that is one of the things that our founding fathers established

the freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. host: i think we have enough to work with. thanks for calling in. any response? guest: let's qualify here. we are talking about the utah data center. the utah data center will not have analysts. it is a data form. that is not to say that we don't have plenty of analysts out there. the actual number is classified, but there are analysts in jordan, at fort meade, all around the country, different facilities. you thought data center was not going to be the place where they were looking at screens are trying to decide the ruling, what information they will get or not. a dead data farm. i go back to the beginnings of the nsa, even before, after world war i. there were organizations within the united states government whose job it was to break codes,

to try to gather intelligence from other countries. the secretary of state said, "gentlemen do not read other gentleman pops mail." of course, that has changed now. we come by readers of "the guardian host with these days. they have has some really fascinating information that the the nsa as well, what operations are. for the first time in a while, we are getting a good look at the secret activities that the nsa is doing, and obviously there is a lot more that we don't know. that is the struggle the nsa has , and that reporters have, trying to dive in and figure out what is going on. host: your colleague nate carlisle wrote this article "nsa has been in utah a longtime." why? guest: they like to extol

brigham young university, the morgan church -- the mormon church. we have people in utah who then , all france, to brazil these different countries. they learn these line witches and then they come back to the states. there are a wealth of people in utah who speak these languages. they did not have to train people in these languages. they were flowed, lived in the country, so we can help them --nslate help for the sire for desire -- this is part of the nsa operation. host: are all these articles we are showing available on the website? guest: absolutely. we would love for you to go. if you have more questions about what the nsa is doing, that is the whole reason we did this project. we wanted to make sure that when people see this big structure as they are driving down 15 or on

the highway or they read about news outlets like wired magazine, it has done a good job looking at the update center. we want to give our readers for a duration of what is going on inside these big walls. host: can you see this building from the highways. strange isething going on there. it it is not just a small little facility. as the number is 1.5 million square feet, what do you do? i understand 100,000 square feet is the data part. the stacks of computers with the cables going to them, the lights blinking, another 900,000 square feet is the technical support, the coolers, the air ducts, the

water, pipes, all those kinds of things. electricity corridors, to make sure that separation -- you wrote that the nsa and governor herber are the data center can avoid new energy tax." host: it slipped by the governor's office and slipped but -- guest: it slipped by the governor's office and by the nsa. installation authority, the utah's information agency tries to get contractors to build it. the legislature passed a law that allows them to tax electricity rates up to six percent. that is not exactly what the nsa agreed to. e-mailing the governor's office saying i'm a we need to chat." we talked to the nsa, about sponsoringut this,

the law. they are pretty sure they will work out where the nsa will not have to come in and pay. they are already paying $18 million a year in electricity. six percent is more to expect. -- we are not trying to screw them over now that we have got them. we are pretty sure they can work them out. democrats line, thanks for holding. you are on with thomas burr. caller: first of all, i think the whole nsa collecting this data on phone calls from the united states and around the world is totally illegal, and our government officials in the congress and senate to do everything they can to stop it. i think it is also very outrageous and sinful when you consider the amount of cuts they are making to the young, the poor, the disabled, that they can spend all that money on what i consider to be frivolous and illegal.

i for one think mr. snowden for bringing this to the world's attention, and i really do believe he ought to be given a nobel prize, not harassed and thrown out of his country. that's all. guest: thank you. to snowden is a traitor some, and a hero to others. it depends on what you believe about what he has done. we know that the government is collecting through an order by the foreign intelligence surveillance court, telephoning meta-data. it is not the content of phone calls, it is the names -- it is not the names attached of phone calls, it is call x number, and the conversation lasts 30 seconds. maybe not enough insurance to some people out there that they are not doing more. that is what we know so far. as far as what they are doing with other countries, we are learning more every day, and i would be stressful looking at

the guardian, "the washington post," and others that have done a good job looking into what the nsa's operations are. the caller raises a great point, and that is oversight. that has always been a big deal for the nsa. they got in trouble in the 1970's with some overreach, and maybe a little bit is too much judgment there. they got an trouble with the 2000s. the question becomes, is there enough oversight? the day after the leak from "the guardian," the chairwoman and ranking member of the senate intelligence committee, doing a joint news conference to defend the program. whether you believe that it is tough oversight or not, that is what we have. host: from one in this series of articles in "the salt lake tribune."

nsa will use high-quality can -- high-capacity computers." it is unclear if these will be deployed at bluff dale or elsewhere on the nsa network. it goes on to say the nsa will the such crunchers and collection of data. comprehensiond and it appears in that capacity will meet only part of the nsa's needs. how much capacity is going to be in it? guest: i have to thank my colleagues for digging this up, and i have learned new words that i did not know existed before. it is stunning the amount of data that can be stored inside this facility. it goes back to the conversation we had about windex -- about

when disks were smaller and could store only certain information. last year there were 2.4 billion users. ibm is sofrom fascinating. 90% of the data that occurs today was created in the last those two years. so we are talking about what the nsa needs. we are talking about the nsa needs, something that all e- mails -- they don't need to be updated next year. the idea is they create something that can be expanded into the future as technology advances. the amount of data and computing power increases, doubles every 12 to 18 months. what they have to think about ahead of time is what are they going to need for 18 months down the road, and how can they handle that information. it is certainly stunning how

much information can be stored in a facility like this. article, "some believe the storage is in thousands of federal bites, or 1000 megabytes of eta. -- 1000 gigabytes of information. caller: i hear you say you are going to be using a lot of power for this, and supposedly our country wants to go green. thesely don't see any of wonderful new technologies for that out there. colorado and texas might ern ates.

hawaii is also sunny. why don't we just put some more people to work and get solar panels up. you can get windfarms up and power all these facilities with clean energy. guest: it is a good question. you have to get to the nsa and have a question as to why they are not rain. i would guess right now that when you are talking about powering these -- this many computers making sure they are up and running, they don't want it to rely on being a sunny day all the time. the past seven days of rain like washington is having right now, and be able to run the facility on just solar panels or wind farms. host: american wheat farm teaches -- tweets.

"utah sold its soul to the devil. joseph asks, "mr. burke, the nsa is gathering metadata, not the actual e-mail conversations. true? " the leak from eric snowden is that it is mated data. just a number of the duration, the number of calls, things you would see on a building without names attached to them. obviously, you can have a lot of storage, you still need something to run it. you still need something for georgia to be able to tap in. the supercomputers are supposedly doing that. i remember asking and nsa official about that. they would not confirm nor deny what computers they are using, they are just saying it is a lot of computers. host: have your reporters been

inside this facility? guest: unfortunately not. fort meade,ured correct? touring is a different word. i walked in, i did have to hand over my tape recorder to one of the public relations people, who then walked us to a conference room where they gave my tape recorder back to me. the same thing on the rivers, so we never got a tour of this. you did not see any of the facilities, hardware equipment? guest: no. in fact, we have asked them at the utah center for clearance. we would probably get one as a reporter. if you want to try to make a theyn, the data center -- have videos that can show you inside their massive facilities. that is what we're talking but

but here, rows and rows of computer stacks and blinking lights and cables. that is what we are talking about. host: what has been the reaction since this series came out in "the salt lake tribune." guest: this has changed over time. way before edward snowden and in transitng stuck in moscow, i think there is a lot more interest and people are maybe waking up to the fact that this facility is being built there and what is going to go on inside. again, there are people who ,elieve this is protecting us our national security. we have had general alexander, the nsa now talking about how this has stopped to several terrorist attacks. for others, this is just another monument to american overreach and domestic spying, and it scares them. the nsa keeps stressing this is not what they are doing, but

when you have a big ok facility like that, it is bound to ask questions. mason from dayton, ohio. a democrat. thank you for calling. first, i was surprised to agree with the republican talking about solar paneling a little while ago, using clean energy sources to power large facilities, which i have to your guest on the show because it does not have to be sunny everyday to use solar power. be mitigating using energy, but that is a long way down the line. secondly, if such a large building housing so much metadata, you will have a lot of i.t. i am curious as to how we contractors are going to meet to be working on and keeping up the data facility, as well as are they looking at processes to

stop contractors like eric -- like edward snowden and his activities, so that he has even seen more nsa data as we speak. are they looking at more ways to stop that from happening a little bit more? inst: i love interest today whether the nsa is green. that is a problem they would love to have right now, and it is a fascinating point that you should probably query them about. that is not a question that has come up before. the nsa is going to employee 200 people, and it is my understanding nsa people. they are also looking to put a request out for proposal, a maintenance contract, a multimillion dollar a year maintenance contract in utah. there are also plenty of organizations in utah that have top-secret contractors. there are several in the state that have these clearances.

obviously there is a question on the hill right now whether there are too many people outside the government. a question that congress will be debating over the next little while. but your caller brings up a good point that a lot of people don't understand. the nsa saw this facility and saw the need for this facility, but they also solve a long-term building of the facility. so they partnered with the university of utah, created a certificate program, so now you get a degree in engineering, and math, or computer sciences, the university of utah. it can also take some courses and get certified in data management. in the future they will need people to run these massive data centers, and that is a way they can get those workers up and ready for it. host: here is the google data center am a what they look like

on the inside. we want to show you that. mr. burr, the estimate of the economic benefit to utah? seen a number. you are talking construction materials, the power ongoing, workers ongoing who are likely impacted. the city of bluffton ale, to have this money pouring in for new workers. for the city of bluffton ale have this. it is definitely a big impact on the state, and that is why the politicians were very happy. from savanna, please go ahead with your call. i understand the need of the nsa to maintain secrecy.

however, with everything going on with the irs, the fbi, all these other agencies, it is more difficult for the nsa and agents to do their job and maintain public safety. do some work across-the-board throughout the government to regain the public trust and confidence. that is all i have to say. thank you very much for your time. i don't think there are many people that would disagree with you. there is a lot of trust that has in thesen from people agencies. this is a secret organization that cannot tell you a lot of what it does, so in the end, you might see them as big brother. but they are trying to stress that they are here to protect you. i recall asking the deputy director of the nsa specifically

, why should americans not be afraid what the nsa does? his response is that we are americans. that they are there and paid for and they have an oath to the constitution to protect americans. how they go about that is whether we look at them in the spotlight now and why they are in the spotlight is a question of -- is that the right way to go about it. burrell, south carolina, high, russell. hello. host: please go ahead with your question or comment. caller: i would have to ask -- host: i apologize, there is too which break up in that community should. anthony? please let me get everything out there. ism not sure if the guest

just misinformed. first let's discuss the cost, the $1.2 billion. sans, storage area networks. it easily costs $1 million. i would assume you have thousands of those. and that is before the course of the building, cooling, wiring, and everything else. , the fibers, the switches and the hard drives in the center. ,he number of characters whether it be hewlett-packard, ibm -- most of these are navy in -- basically

with 200 or let's say 300 workers, in comparison to what is the actual service because eventually you have to replace the broken parts, you have to service those machines. you have to up data server. fall underssentials indian technical support. host: troy, thank you very much. guest: he has a good point. let's discuss a couple things. one, the nsa has their own research facility. they create the phones that are secure that can call the defense -- the nsaand say also buys off the rack materials, and they're not out to create the fastest computer, how to create a most storage because that is what private industry does. they do by a lot off the rack. we were talking before how the

nsa is the best when it comes to tech support. i am pretty sure they do not have to call india or china to fix their computers. the funnier lines from our interviews, we asked about their employees, and they mentioned that they have former hackers, guys with orange hair, of any agency in the united states government. their job is to maintain these information facilities, so they have that technical base, the technical support in-house. host: we have been talking with thomas burr, senior washington correspondent for "the salt lake tribune." sltrib.com if you would like to read this series on the utah data center we have been discussing. it is not open until when? guest: this fall. programat concludes our

today. go to c-span.org to watch any of the segments we had today. thanks for being with us. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] >> a look at the white house today, where employees are preparing for the return of president obama and the first family, back home tomorrow after a three-country tour through africa. they left off in tanzania, where president obama met with former president george w. bush. they had a brief silent appearance together, commemorating a bombing in an

east africans city, where resident bush happens to be as president obama wrapped up a weeklong tour of the continent. their wives engaged in a chatty public appearance. president obama also adjust the ongoing political conference. conflict in egypt today. responding to concerns being voiced by throngs of protesters seeking mohamed morsi's removal from office. president obama called him yesterday, as the egyptian military said mr. morsi must the main -- meet the demands of protesters who had taken to the street. president obama told mr. morsi the united states is committed to the democratic rosses and does not support any single party or group. also pointing out that the current crisis can only be resolved through a political the first family will be back