[next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause]

[next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause]

[next candidate] [applause] [next candidate] [applause]

[next candidate] [applause] for -- injoin me giving a round of applause to our new americans. [applause]

>> i wish you all a happy 4th of july as you celebrate the birth of our country and your new citizenship. >thank you [applause]

>> we came out of those a seangs and we could see of humanity coming from union station and we knew it was going to be big. we were suppose to be leading the march, but people were already marching. mywas like saying, there go people, let me catch up with them. [laughter] and this sea of humanity just pushed us, pushed us. so we just locked arms and started moving toward the washington monument, on to the lincoln memorial. it was a wonderful time in american history. >> today, july 4, at 2:20 p.m. eastern, civil rights pioneer congressman john lewis shares his experience on the march on washington 50 years later. and at 4:45 p.m., some of the places we visited and historians we have spoken with during our first season of first ladies.

a little after 7:00 p.m., pulitzer prize-winning photographer talk about their coverage of world events. at 8:00 p.m., bill clinton and governor chris christie talk about corrective steps against natural disasters. and a 40 5:00 p.m., a panel talk about what needs to be modern- day american citizen. >> i feel that a lot of us take for granted the opportunities we have here. countries, going to other countries, i see how the people live and it is wonderful to be in america. i would not trade it for the world. i love it. we need to sit back as americans and think, you know. every day is not going to be great, you know, but it is better than a lot of other people live in a lot of other countries. write asit back and

band -- bright and complain about this and about that, we should think about what we do have. we are better off than we could be. >> i think it means that we all have a mutual understanding that freedom and liberty lead to great success and that is why our nation is so successful and will continue to be. here, and raised in new york. i always had a lot of american my parentsly because came from india and they did not have much. they came to new york because they thought it was the greatest place for opportunity. i just read with medical school, so they see it as a place where they can come from nothing and bring it up to something. i think that is what everyone sees in america, a place of opportunity and a place where you really can make your dreams come true. i guess, that sounds a little

the mainut that is thing. i am proud to be an american, because my parents, they felt it was better to be in america. i really think it really is. currently ons break for the fourth of july. when the house returns next week, lawmakers will begin crafting a strategy to consider legislation on the house floor. meet the highll end of clout -- behind closed doors on july 10 to map out a plan. the senators will take up the issue of student loan rates. for the rest to the month, the house and senate will likely to vote their time to move in the annual spending bills. the senate appropriations committee has concluded work on four of the 12 bills. both legislative chambers return monday at 2:00 p.m. eastern.

of an " first ies" -- when george washington was a way fighting the revolutionary war, martha washington ran their plantation and their home, mount vernon. that marthaar arrived at mount vernon in 1859 and there was a lot of management that she had to do. when she married george washington, she brings with her to mount vernon 12 housemates. that is really almost unimaginable luxury. these are slaves that are for the most part, not field labor, not producing crops, which is where your income is coming from. they are doing things like cooking, serving at table, clean the house, doing the laundry,

doing selling, this is not productive labor in the sense that it is not productive income. she brings them with her and she brings financial resources to the marriage as well as her managerial skills. it makes mount vernon a successful operation and it makes it possible for washington to be away for eight years fighting a war. the fact that he has this support system that enables him to volunteer his time and talents to run the revolution is clearly critical. manager, who during most literal revolution is a distant cousin of washington. then run by washington as a nephew. -- washington's nephew. and then it is run by his niece. i think that tells you about the

closeness of the family relationship. it is clear that what they are at mount vernon with martha washington, she does take charge. her interaction with the slaves, she is interacting with the cooks in the kitchen, the maids serving in the house. there are also slave women who are spinning on a continual basis to produce yarn. she supervises what the gardners are doing. martha was a great lover of gardens and having flowers. she liked having a kitchen where she could go out and bring in vegetables for what they were going to serve at mount vernon. she was the one planning the menus. there were a lot of levels that she is working with. her wholeg operation life. we refer to and show off in the mansion as the theington's bedchamber is

room in the south wing of the mansion that was started in 1775 right before george washington left to participate in the continental congress and the revolutionary war. george washington always referred to it as open quote mrs. washington's chamber" and -- as "mrs. washington's chamber" and it is always referred to as her area. she spent time in that chamber, doing her hour of spiritual meditation. perhaps later in the date writing letters, talking with her cooks to plan menus for the day, giving she also use that room for teaching the children, telling them stories. you can imagine how wonderful it would have been in that room. one of the most notable pieces

is the bed in that bed chamber. that is the bed on which george washington died. marthaalso know that washington's had a role in acquiring that bad. piece in the room had a very close connection with martha washington, her desk. although very little of the correspondence between george and washington -- george and martha washington has survived, savored their private correspondence. two letters had been found that had slipped behind one of the drawers in that desk. that is the preserver of that little bit of very personal correspondence. it is not just the place where she slept. i can't picture her sitting in her easy chair by the fire -- i

can really picture her sitting in her easy chair by the fire with her grandchildren around. and i imagine it must've been very comfortable for her. >> before she became first lady in 1797 and during her early married life, abigail adams spent her time in quincy, massachusetts. >> the story of abigail adams in the revolutionary war is a story of sacrifice, commitment to country, and abigail rose to the occasion. for the first 10 years of their married life, john and abigail lived in this home from 1764- 1774. it is where they raised their four children. that was the birthplace of their second child, john quincy adams, who went on to become the sixth president of the united states. it was also an important home because the primary link between she and john adams, who was serving in philadelphia at with the second continental congress was the letter writing. it was from this house that she was provided a window back here

-- that he was provided a window back here of what was happening in the colonies during the war. she would report to him about the militia. during the battle of bunker hill and emptied 75, she took her young son to the high point -- the in 1775, she took her young son to the high point of the hill and would watch the battle. she would report to john adams about what was happening. she was literally the eyes of the colony in that area. this room in particular could be considered the classroom for abigail, the schoolmistress, and her four children. one must remember that the schools were closed down. the children did not benefit from a formal education. instead it was up to abigail to teach the lessons. not only of arithmetic and plurality, also

literature, and what was going on in the revolutionary war. she was there educator and this was the room where many of those losses would have taken place. she reported to john adams during the revolution are at -- revolution at one point that she began to take up the works of lawless into history. -- rollins ancient history. i know if anyone has ever read it, but for a 7-year-old boy to accomplish this, he had a very good instructor in abigail adams. the patriot, abigail adams opened a home next door, john adams's birthplace, for refugees. she rented out the house to a farmer, mr. hayden, and his son. for her here.vide she reported in one of the letters that she met with have -- with very ill treatment. she asked mr. hayden to share

his house with the refugees, but he refused. by the time she received a response from john adams, like many things, she had taken care of the problem. she had paid mr. hayden to leave the premises and therefore, could provide for the refugees herself in the house. she reports to john that again -- young john quincy is marching out behind house behind the militia. militiamen tohese her home and supported the revolutionary war with her actions. abigail realize they have outgrown their battle college -- cottage. she began to negotiate with her cousin to purchase the house you're standing in front of right now. john adams enjoyed a lot of peace and tranquility in this

home, as did abigail, so he christened it peace field. two smaller bedrooms on the third floor and a small kitchen at the back of the house. there were about seven and a half rooms to this home essentially. this was their home base. before becoming first lady, have a bill would spend nine years in this house. the first year, she was essentially setting up the house after just returning from europe. she had remembered this house as one of the grand houses in quincy, but her perception of grand had changed since living in europe. she began making plans for a way to enlarge the house. she wanted to improve on the size and height of the ceilings and the size of the space. notwould tell her daughter to wear any of her large hats because the ceilings were too low. she began working with architects to enlarge the size of the home, in effect, doubling the size, adding a long haul and

along entertainment room where she would receive her guests. the sensitivity to the architecture on the outside and the flow of the home, she had the builder dig down so they could lower the floors and get the high ceilings that she desired without disrupting the architecture on the outside of the house. you step down two steps and you are in a different world. for abigail would be to rise at 5:00 a.m. she had many chores to do and much of her child -- a time was spent attending the farm, taking care of the orchard, and taking care of the house. she also loved those early morning hours to spend by herself, preparing herself for the day. but most importantly, having a chance to indulge in one of her novels. although this is a presidential home, it is the home of a family. abigail, instead of having servants do the work for her, even as the first lady, she would also be contributing to

the kitchen and the running of the household. this is something she continued throughout her life, no matter what her position was. she was very involved. she had children and grandchildren visiting her here and this was a very active and lively household. she also spent a great deal of her time writing, because their misfortune in being a part was our fortune. in one letter, when he is asking her to come to a philadelphia, have a deal with right of the room she was in and the window and the view that she saw. the beauty that unfolds outside of the window of which are now right tensley to forget the past, an indication that while she was back at peace field, she was on a new beginning as the first lady of the united states, as the wife of the president, and still as a mother. she would describe life here at peace field so romantically that john adams would reply in one of his letters, oh, sweet little farm, what i would do to enjoy the thee without interruption. thate lettis letter is one

everyone associates with abigail adams. what is lesser-known and fascinating about the letter is the comments that come quite far down in the letter. the first section of her letter questioning and va'sng her concerns about role in the revolutionary war. of writes, "what sort defense virginia can make against our common enemy, whether it is those situated as to make enable the fence, but are not the gentry lords and baffles, are there ?"like the gentry

and she points out more. of this i am certain, that it is not founded upon that generous and christian principle of doing to others as we would that others should do unto us. >> brought up as a quicker, dolly madison was known for her warm hospitality, social graces, and sense of elegance and style. >> if you were a visitor, you would enter at the front door and be shown immediately into the madison's great drawing room. mrs. madison had many lady friends that she would invite your. margaret bayard smith was a favorite of hers, and the daughter of thomas jefferson were also frequent visitors. also include her own family, her sister's especially, anna and lucy. they were always welcome guests, who often stayed for extended

visit here at mount year. montpelier.hle in the drawing room, you see many of the faces of american states mint, but also entities like the bust of athena, the declaration of independence, and the nurture of homework, and they need -- a miniature of homer, and then you have a painting that was 200 years old even when it madisons purchase it. in blending the classic and the american, they are trying to place in america in the important role of history. this is where they would have dinner. they would have a chance to meet one another, conversed socially and casually, and then they might be invited to dine in the dining room. after supper, the ladies would

then adjourn back into the drawing room. maybe they would serve some coffee and tea. this was the social center of the house. if you were an invited guest of the madisons or part of the intimate circle of family or friends, you would be invited into the dining room from the drawing room. and here, dolly madison would in an unusual setting for the timeframe set at the head of the table and her husband, james, would sit at the center of the table. dolly would direct in, it -- with direct the conversation and james would be able to engage in intimate conversation with the people immediately to his right and left. this table today is that for eight people, but there could be as many as 20 people served in the dining room. that would not be unusual. and indeed, dolly madison considered dining at maag pier to be so much more relaxing than entertaining in washington. she said she would rather serve

100 people here than 25 in washington. many historical figures were here with the medicines. here, generals lafayette, henry clay, margaret bayard smith, dolly madison's good friend and writer from washington. offerede vice president to do the honors for her what she was sitting at the head of the table. and she responded, oh, no, watch with what each i'd do it, and indeed he said, -- he had to admit the ease with which she did it. it was if, he said, that she was born in paris. have very creation of something that we still have.

this is typically of -- typical of the style of the day. a jazz classic lines, a simple trade, and a much more simple and elegant fashion than that either before or after it. this is what she would have worn while she was the first lady. it was the regency style. but many of the dresses were more elegant. this represents what she wore at her inaugural. this was james madison's first inaugural. a symbol described as of velvet. simple,wore pearls -- obhof velva it. and she wore pearls. it was an indication of the dining that you would find in the courts of europe. dolly was setting a style that was unique to american fashion. a lot of people think that dolly set the fashion of the turban. and that is not quite true. it began in persia, and it moved

through france and england. but dolly popularized the style and it was considered her top -- a classic look, to where some extravagant turbaned often topped with feathers on top of her head. and sometimes, they thought her fashion was a little too regal. there is one instance where she wore something that was lined in hermine. some guilt edging in her turban. and people said this was overstepping things. she looked to rebuild, to queenly. and they were afraid thatqueen they were setting -- dolly" with"queen setting the wrong town for america. many people felt that she was the last matriarch of this

generation. but others felt that because of tender in her life, she did not have the money to buy the latest fashions. to where many of the old clothes. she is often wearing the same thing. >> the james monroe museum in fredericksburg shows a unique perspective of the first lady for her personal belongings. >> elizabeth monroe was a true partner in her husband's career and was a good sounding board for many of the policies and issues he had to be involved with. she was some one her husband to go to for valuable advice. we go through an art of elizabeth monroe's life. mrs. monroe had a very well- developed sense of style, a heritage of it.

she had shoes that she inherited from her mother that she continued to wear into her lifetime. as the is -- the mistress of oak hill, she was responsible for maintaining the household accounts. and she did it on a small ivory memo pad. they are ivory pieces with days of the week inscribed on them. and whatever to do list that she might have could be written on here with a charcoal pencil and then be wiped off. it reflects someone with organized, busy, and making use of a very practical item in her life. mrs.elationship that monroe had with her sister was a strong bond. in very much the style of the time in giving a gift of sisterly love, she presented to one of her sister in the 1790's jewelry made from her own hair. joe were made from human hair became very commonplace in the

1800's. later in the 19th century it is associated with memorializing dead loved ones. it is a sign of mourning. but it can also be a sign of affection, a very personal gift. music was a very important part of elizabeth monroe's upbringing and life. she was trained in playing the piano. -- and astor pianoforte a circa 1790. have as well not developed a budget as her style. due to the long years of public service that her husband put in. they were able to make some pretty good deals on a variety of items. her jewelry is a reflection of that. mrs. monroe sought to combine elements of high-quality with

versatility. we have your necklaces and associated other jewelry that are in aquamarine and citrine, and each could be worn with or without a pennant. you have a couple of different uses. a bracelet or a joker is possible with the amethyst jewelry. there is a coral tiara. it gives you several different options in creating her jewelry accommodations. is the monroes' and one of the most authentic in the house. you can go back to one -- if i could go back to one time in the white house, i would probably go back to the monroe timeframe in the white house, because the wheels of history begin to come to life. and of course, monroe felt that the era of good feeling, as it was called, would last forever. people began moving west in big numbers.

i would like to be listening to what was going on. in furnishing the house, james monroe and his wife were very into french everything. they spoke french at home and they lived in french -- france. money ont a lot of .hings, such as these clocks these things are still in use, many of them. many of the things he acquired are still in use. see our earliest things, many of them are in the blue room. we have these wonderful gilt chairs and sofas. their work -- they were acquired by president monroe from france. he was criticized for buying french things and not american. and in 18 20's, the white house passed a law that the white house for a juror had to be of american manufacturer. this room is much more of a period room in that sense.

it is a place where the munro's would probably feel the most comfortable, too, like teddy roosevelt in the east room. they would walk in and say, i understand this room. of this is wallpaper that is our vintage. >> the only first lady born outside the u.s., lisa katherine adams, had to adjust to her new life in america, and the family of her husband, john quincy adams. >> when louisa and john quincy first came to than old house, they had just landed in europe in washington, d.c., and made the journey of two old currency. the journey was very difficult. she was brought to this house to meet her father and mother in law and of that moment she would

write, had i stepped on to know was arc, i could not have been more utterly astonished. in winninghallenge over abigail adams. john adams was easy. he took to her right away. she always felt very comfortable with him and very well-liked by him. abigail was more skeptical, perhaps due to john quincy t.d. in. he only give abigail a little bit of information about his wife, and was not forthright in his intentions. in many ways, it was a surprise that he married her so quickly. and abigail did not get a chance to know her. she was quite concerned that although she was an american citizen, she had never stepped foot on american soil. this is not what she intended for her son, john quincy adams. but through time, she learned to grow and love and understand lisa and a forged a strong relationship.

adams atibed abigail the end of her life as the planet around which all revolved. unlike john adams, john quincy adams did not live at peace field year round. they would return in the summer months to get a break from the politics of washington. her grandson, henry adams, remembered louisa catherine fondly. he describes her and her relationship with the family. he always felt that she was the odd one out because she was born in england and educated in france. she remained a foreign personality to many of the amses, but note ad to henry. his fondest recollection is of her entertaining at t in this

room. louisaincy adams and would inherit this room from john adams. they thought about selling the house, but after discussion they decided it was important to the family story, to hold on to this house for future generations. >> during andrew jackson's brief hiatus from the military in the early 1800's, rachel jackson entertained family and friends at their home, the hermitage. >> they came to this property in 1804. he was just retiring for a while. when they first moved here, he spent a lot of time at home. the primary people who would have visited prior to 18 -- the war of 1812 would have been friends and relations in the area. rachel had a huge family and they all had lots of kids. there were a lot of them and they were in and out all the time.

rachel was very close to her family. jackson being an orphan, grew very close to rachels family. of 1812 when he has become this national hero, there were people here all the time. they were acknowledged to be nice horses, very cordial and very welcoming. cordial hostess, very and very welcoming. they have lots and lots of company for the rest of rachel's life. they had many dinner parties and things here at the hermitage. to findings in the city, so they -- fine things in the city, so they acquired a good deal of those things, too. they had quite a bit of silver,

such as these punch cups used. they would add some highly liquor out punch. she had very nice things with this dual image of her as this from the country lady. country they. jim was not so much that. -- she was not so much that. i think it was more about living in the country than anything about her appearance or clothing. during the war of 1812, there are letters from her that say things like, yes, do not let fame and fortune blind you to the fact that you have a wife and i am home and i need you. i think he knew pretty well that she would have preferred him just to stay home and the plantation owner and jackson.

is the earliest letter that we have that jackson wrote to rachel. in 1796.itten referred to her "my dearest heart." it says, with greatest pleasure i sit down to right with you -- write to you, though i am absent from you. restored your arms, there to spend my days in domestic sweetness with you, the companion of my life, never to be separated from you again during this transitory and in fluctuate -- and fluctuating life. comments andts of visitors about her flower gathering and picking. one lady was here on her honeymoon and she and her husband were indicted tuesday. wereentioned -- to step --

invited to stay. she and her husband mentioned the garden. she walked through the garden with rachel and rachel gathered flowers for them before they left. we don't know what kind of health rachel was in overall. it is apparent that throughout the fall of 1828 her health was not very good. presidentmpaign for that jackson was going through have a huge effect on her health. this is the letter that jackson wrote on the day rachel actually died, december 22, 1828. he is writing to his friend, richard keith carl. in his letter, he describes the onset of her final illness. daysys that she was a few hence, suddenly violently attacked with pains in her left shoulder and breast and such was the contraction at her breast

that suffocation was apprehended. it was clear that she was very -- in very serious condition. he talks about going to washington, like he is assuming she will get better, and off we will go. unfortunately, she did pass later in the day. according to the stories of her death, jackson called for her to be bled when she died. he was a big believer in heroic medicine, basically that the medicine that did not hear you -- did not kill you would cure you. even though was clear that she was not alive anymore, he asked that dr. to believe her. supposedly, there is a little stain that came out when the doctor did try to bleed her. and then some things about his

mourning, af calling card that he printed in black, suggesting he is in mourning. and then a book that was given to him by a friend of his, mrs. rutledge, that had the wrong inscription in it. was a book to help him, come for him, to help him along. help himt him, to along. jackson was completely devastated. go to preparing plans to washington on a steamboat and it was up more than he could deal with almost. this is something with her picture on it that he had with him pretty much all the time. it would be on a chain or strap that he could wear around his neck, on his bedside table at

night so that he could see it in the morning when he awakened. and she was with him pretty much all the time, even though she had passed away. this is the book that was very important to jackson. this was rachel's songbook, and she made this cross stitch cover for her book, so it would keep the book nice. after her death, jackson kept a number of things like this very close at hand, so we could refer to them. another way of keeping rachel close. jackson had abbott after rachel died of purchasing were using were keeping the things that reminded him of her. the is a central hallway of hermitage manchin. although the house burned after rachel's death, jackson insisted that they repurchase the same wallpaper that rachel had chosen for this space. she had liked it. it reminded him of her, and he wanted it here. this is jackson's bedroom.

after rachel's death, she was never far away from him. he kept many mementos of her around. in the early 1830's, he had a portrait that was a special favor of his copy, so that he could have hanging over the fireplace so that it would be the first thing he saw in the morning and the last thing he saw at night, according to the traditional stories passed down in the family. he would go out to her tomb every evening and spend some time out there. >> educated in the graces of society, angelica van buren was well-suited for the white house. iner at his retirement kidder hook, n.y.. >> angelica them during would spend the summer months here. occasionally, also the winter months, but they would spend the summer months here. in the dining room, angelica van buren would serve as a hostess.

van buren had many social events, political events. and during those times, angelico would be hostess for those occasions, just as she was at the white house. she was quite refined, being that she was a wealthy and had all the appropriate social graces of the time, so much so that the ambassador from france who was purdue the critical of american social graces complimented her. later, he added another 100 130 acres they had here. typically, the women in the house would engage in a variety of activities, polite conversation, read or recite from memory to one another. they would often play parlor games in here. anjelica was trained in philadelphia on the heart. there were occasions she would have played a part for the other

female guests here in the greenroom. this is the breakfast room here. it is a much more intimate room compared to the main hall. it is the place where the family had their daily meals. the china you see here monogrammed here"vb" is the daily china. angelica could be seen serving some one -- someone here. a miscarriage, and we know from letters that she wrote that during that time, she convalesced on this couch here in the main hall. earlier, while she was serving as host is in the white house, she had another baby girl -- as an infant. -- to die as an infant. floor, theysecond would have spent a great deal of

time while bought -- while visiting her father-in-law, president van buren. it is easy to imagine her wearing one of the stresses here, or even at the white house as she hosted president van buren. likely would use while strolling the grounds in the summer months on the air -- on their large farm of 240 acres. they had a very close relationship. he was a very amiable man, which was why he was so successful in politics. and she was trained in the social graces of the time. i think they genuinely care for one another. >> while her husband, john, rebuild his political career, letitia tyler managed the kids and the plantation. his wife, latisha, and their family moved here to

williamsburg to establish the law practice. he constructed his law office, and the foundry. the house they live in is no longer here, but here in williamsburg, it was perfectly to traded at the center of the legal part of the town. the courthouse was right across the street. this is sort of the beating heart of williamsburg, even in the 1830's. all of the political activity, the social activity, they are really living at the center of it. and this fantastic 18th-century house that they were living in, as john tyler was resurrecting his political year -- career. operating out of the house and running the various plantations all over the place. it is right here that she suffered a stroke in 1839 that partly paralyzed her, although

she was still able to retain family accounts, of all of the family business, while john tyler was actually getting involved again in the business. it was here that he learned he was elected vice president and also in the spring of night -- of 1841, it was here that he became the next president of the united states. and it was here that she was informed she was the next first lady of the united states. -- julia gardner was 30 years younger than him. >> when they got to for belvedere, they had put a barge in the bay.

everybody was very pleased. the ship turned around and went back to washington. a hard core few wanted to fire the gun again. they sent a request down to the captain. it was turned down. but at that point, somebody looked over and as they are request was changed to stop the ship and honor -- and fire the gun in honor of the first passenger appeared when they could not do that, the governor fired a cannon. right breach blew out and killed seven people, among them senator gardner. state, andcretary of the secretary of the navy. everybody downstairs thought the ship had exploded. all of those handsome young officers that were surrounding my grandmother who was 23 years old at the time, but very beautiful, my grandfather had been trying to talk to her because of -- but could not

because of all the handsome young males. they all rushed to do what they had to do and left her standing there. she knew her father wasn't there, so she followed behind them. i've grandfather followed behind. -- my grandfather followed behind. "don'twas calling out, let ms. gardner find her father is dead." and when she heard that, she fainted right back into the arms of my grandfather. he caught her tenderly. he picked her up and carried her. she came to, and later, she wrote her mother sang the first thing she remembered was going down the gangplank in the arms of the president, and she struggled and her head fell over so she could look up into his eyes. and she wrote her mother that she relies for the first time

that the president of media elite. parties at the white house. she was immensely dedicated to of concept of the annexation texas to the union. during that time, she was able who wasjohn c. calhoun, a contemporary of my mother's from south carolina, and she was able to sway him to vote for the annexation of texas. and she worked on henry clay, but i don't know whether she was really successful. biji took henry clay out to dinner. and this is a woman without a chaperon, a president's wife, alone having dinner with henry clay, and she did not mind at all. and she wrote her mother a letter, which i think it's priceless. she said, mother, mr. clay was a little insulting. when i told him that my husband wanted him to vote for the he said toof texas,

i am wide taxes should not butn efficient -- and next -- and i replied, my husband is both. born in charles city county. purchased his house and came down here once before he retired from the presidency. wered julia gardner married. she said, the hand of god and nature have been kind to my

sherwood forest, but i can improve upon it. and she did. moldings imported from italy. shad the mantelpiece is brought in from italy. and the knocker on the front door, it has been meticulous the polished through the years. that was one of her contributions to the house. julia and her mother were very close. and we are exceedingly fortunate to have many letters written between juliet and her his plantation. this house is only one room wide because you want the breezes to go from the north to the south and from the south to the north. they would sit in the hall quite frequently. she sat in the open doorway that led to the south porch and wrote letters to her mother. and quite frequently, she commented on the president, who

kept his feet on the banister and would read his newspaper and throw it on the floor. in the gray room is a table, and it is the table on which we are fed hern tyler breakfast in her bedroom after he had been around the house. after his horseback ride, he would go to that table and have breakfast with his wife, which he would personally carry in on a tray, because she was still in bed. also, her mother writes her and says commanders stand from other people who believe that you sleep until 9:00 in the morning, and the president brings you breakfast in bed. and she says, please, do not take advantage of an elderly gentleman who dotes upon you. julia rightsoons, to her mother frequently what she is doing on his plantation. she records almost every piece of furniture in the house.

her brothers -- brothers her buyingd became agents. they bought and you're from a store and when it comes, they found cuts on the bottom edge of the mayor. her mother writes her back and said, don't be so picky of minutia. of a ball that she had in honor of her sister margaret, who came here very frequently. and the portrait is a portrait of julia ann margaret. julia and margaret. you can see the water in the background. the ball that she had for

margaret started at 9:00. dancedn, she says, they the virginia rail and the waltz until the sun rose, and the finest champagne flowed unceasingly. among one thing that julia did here for entertainment was, they allowed all of the house serving children to play continuously with the children of the big house. in her letters, julia tyler speaks of her children playing with the children in the yard. and she speaks of their dancing with the children in the yard. the supervision of the house servants, and there were many, there were a total of almost 90 slaves on the plantation. i think there were 13 house servants.

they would care for her as well as the others on the plantation. they were happy. and she loved it. hisrefers to the melody of voice. she always refers to his intelligence. she had a wonderful time here. >> sarah polec took a much more active role as first lady, just as she had done throughout her husband's political career as a congressman, speaker of the house, and governor. >> the traveling desk is indicative of sarah's life with james k. polk, mainly as his health made. had no staff, so sarah took a hand on attitude toward being his wife. the traveling desk she took with her on her long trips to washington, d.c. as she traveled twice a year, these are troops that could take 30 days. she is communicating with her

family and friends back home, so she wrote tens of thousands of letters during her lifetime. the portraits are painted by ralph earl when james and sarah were in washington as congress and lady. is there was a helpmate to him throughout his political career. when he was writing speeches, she would complete them for him. daly, they would read the newspaper and she would underlined passages she thought he should read. she was a fixture in the gallery in congress. it was a great time of speeches of politicians. henry clay and calhoun and others were giving their famous speeches of the day. 14 members of the house of representatives, and the last four or the speaker of the house. and he was the only speaker at that time to become president. it brings a whole new social status to washington, d.c., and sarah played one of the

hostesses in washington. typically, congress would act -- enact a memorial officially thanking him for his service. the congress was so widely divided when he left the that they refuse to do that, but it is interesting. a number of politicians wrote poems in honor of sarah at the time that she left. supreme court justice -- court justice joseph story >> how sarah looked was important to her from the standpoint of how she was perceived by the public. she also saw it as a reflection on the presidency itself. she was known for having beautiful dresses and looking incredible in a white house that was also a beautiful. was purchased in texas and warned by her in the late administration.

a was the dress costume of first lady before she was properly dressed. the white dress is a ball gown, also made in paris, france. towas a style mrs. polk used give the indication she found a style she liked and looked good in. it is a beautiful town in silk and satin. it has a great deal of lace attached to it. mrs. polk often purchased addresses and would buy a great deal of material to go along with them so she could change the way they looked. instead of having to buy five or six down, she would buy a single down and buy extra material to make them look differently. she was a master at excess are rising. she had a wonderful collection of handbags and purses. -- she was a master at access accessorizing.

her head dresses are unusual. the are incredibly rare. few of these headdresses survive from this time period. they tend to get one out. one unusual piece, a turban. by the 1840's, probably has fallen a little out of fashion. dolly madison was still alive and was in making the visit to the polk white house. this is the inaugural stand. it was a gift from president- elect polk to his wife. she carried it with her on the day of his inauguration. andis is gilt paper features the lithograph images of the first 11 presidents from washington all the way to james

k. polk. she carried it with her during the spring of 19 -- 1845. it features the lithographic image of the signing of the declaration of independence. the polks came into the white house a young, vibrant couple. the white house was split and that was why polk said he would run for only one term only. housepolk used the white to enhance her husband's political prestige. dining in the white house was a serious affair. twice a week, she would entertain 50-75 people. the china news was beautiful. it is considered some of the most beautiful of the white house china. it features the presidential seal. the guinness that is why it embossed with gold. they had 80 said that was blue and a dessert set in green.

you will often read that mrs. polk did not allow alcohol in the white house. she stopped the serving of whisky punches at public levees, but wine was one of the largest bills. one of the more interesting on sex in the collection speaks to sarah and her ability with music. we have the music book that has hand written acacias. when of the books inside was the she isil to the chief, theited starting to use as official song of the president. >> eastern new york was considered the frontier at that time. >> eighth time in the home that belonged to millard and abigail fillmore. they met when they were both teachers. they both had this desire and love of reading. abigail was brought up in a

family that had many books. her father was a baptist preacher. he loves to read. she was surrounded by books her whole lifetime. when she moved into this house continuedrd, she that. they have their own personal library. peopleted to let young read extensively about the world as it was. this room we are in is the focus of the entire house. history is made right here. she independently employed herself as a teacher. she tutored young students in the evening in the course of history. this room would have been the living room. it also served as their kitchen. here in front of the fireplace, millard and abigail would spend hours in front of the fireplace and do their reading and

writing. abigail cook in this very room. it was their kitchen. this is the bedlam. here's the staircase has quite an angle to it -- this is the bedroom. the original staircase has quite an angle to it. as a young wife and mother dressed in a long skirt and with a toddler on her hip, she ascended that ladder into the bedroom. when can this room, we have been dresser.bed and she was a wonderful seamstress. we have her quilts, a colorful " in a tumbling block pattern. quilt in a tomblin blot pattern. it was a vibrant community. a -- in atoumbling blc -- pattern. block

we can envision abigail having a very full life. we see her as a hospitable young woman, young wife, young mother, a teacher. >> after leaving congress, franklin and shame pierce moved to new hampshire to raise their family. >> franklin had just finished serving in congress. he served a full term in the senate. he resigned his seat about a year earlier than his term was up to move back to contour to be with jane and to raise their two be with -- concord to jane and to mr. two children. this is the only home they ever owned. -- j to janene and -- to be with and raise their two children. >> this couch belonged to jane treat this was one piece they

took to the white house. they had 8 rooms they had to furnished with their personal furniture. this was one of the pieces they took to the white house with them. as the whitewn house table. they had to borrow some furniture to take to the white house with them. this was one piece that they borrowed from jane's sister mary. the also took the little writing desk and chair that belong to franklin pierce. this room would have been used as a guest room. this is a small bed. we think this belongs to betty pierce.- benny it has been refinished and it's an adult. this is the from franklin and jane would have used -- it has .een -- has been refinished

they were devastated by his death. jane was in mourning quite a long time. the big house with more than -- with only one child was too much for jane to take care of. she was that interested in housekeeping. she was not capable of taking care of a house. they sold the house when he came back in 1848. and then in a boardinghouse in boardingnd lived in a situation for the rest of their lives. -- andover,an over massachusetts. mary was jane's system. she was their fourth game during all of the most important times

of her life. they came to visit a family. they came here with their son .enny stayed at 48 center st., which is referred to as the summer white house. stay with her sister. it is believed that he and mr. it is staff stayed across the road from them. they return so they could get ready to move to the white house. unfortunately, the train ride was devastating for the family. it was about a mile outside of

the city and an axle broke on the train. as i understand it, benny was a child and was moving about. when the train rolled down, he was hit in the back of his hand very severely. benny did not survive the crash. the services to its place a -- hous.lace at mary's house. mary's of a lungbly died disease of tuberculosis. uncle, jamesher lane was harriet hostess for many social activities, which prepared her for a future as a white house hostess.

>> this is the home of president james buchanan. 1848, they moved here. this was the place she would call home until the age of 36 when they moved to baltimore. >> this is the place where harriet lane i have served tea to france, like letters, spent time together. very much like we would use the family room today. >> this was a gift manufacturers -- manufactured in boston. as you see, we have her music book. it is embossed with her name on the front. it contains a number of her favorite pieces, including italian classics.

we also have some patriotic songs. one of her uncle's favorite things to do was to sit here and listen to his knees playing religious hymns. he was a devout presbyterian. to listen to those hems brought a great amount of joy to him. hyms brought in great amounts of -- hymns brought a great amount of joy to him. upon presentation to queen e made a, miss lan great impression and the queen was impressed with her. as a result, the two formed a great friendship that would continue throughout both of their lives. this place is actually a gift that the queen gave harriet. it is a beautiful gold bracelet. he has her name, harriet lane,

and the date of 1867 when she received a gift. behind me, we have a lithograph of queen victoria and her husband, prince albert. these were diplomatic skills --sented by president presented to president buchanan. in hong in the white house and were brought back here into their home. hung in the white house and were brought back here to their home. one of the most interesting groups that they had visited them was the japanese delegation. the japanese delegation came to the white house in 1860 and came bearing all types of kicks. what can see here are some of the list of things they brought. with the full list of issues. paper fold and objects. oragami. this is a little dictionary in japanese. jane and her friends found all

of these things intriguing. here we are in harriet's lane's bedroom. it is furnished in the same way it might have been furnished and she was living here. she moanedieces after her marriage. behind me, you will see her original wardrobe where she would have stored her pitiful downs, european downs that she purchased from paris. he was well known throughout the country for five his clothing. she had a penchant for european fashions. most of her clothes were handmade for her in paris. her signature style of first lady differed radically from this address. she would wear full down with many layers of ruffles. she was also known for her low neckline. that was something that was not quite in fashion in america yet. she brought it to the forefront of fashion and people started

copying her. some of her garments created a bit of a scandal because she was showing a great bit of skin. women copy her hair, her jewelry, and her general fashion sense. over to the right, we have a doll that is not a plaything. it is wearing her signature style of down. me he is a beautiful rose with mahogany bed. she had it specially made to accommodate her uncle. we also have many pieces in the room that are american made and european maines reflecting her pride of country and her interest in european pieces. we have her prayer plant, which

is hand embroidered and holds her mother -- we have for prayer bench, which is hand embroidered and holds her mother's prayer book. we also have her writing desk. >> a very ambitious woman, mary todd lincoln saw great political potential in her husband, abraham lincoln. is the home where mary helped build abraham lincoln's political career. she would invite friends and family over to talk politics, talking tens of the day. this is where he became be the best talk politics, topped the events of the day. he met and married mary todd. she was ambitious.

there was something about abraham lincoln. she saw the potential and encourage it and help develop it. lessons in etiquette in the dining room helped polish him up for washington society. the political parties they had when they invited a lot of important political people. will get a lot of power over mr. lincoln and where he was going. is the dining room. when they moved in it was an eating kitchen. that is not something that a polish, high society, upper- class person would do. mary had grown up with a formal dining room in kentucky and she felt she needed to have one here. she did not want her children growing up without the proper manners. in a lot of cases, mr. lincoln needed that polishing as well. all of her boys needed polishing

in minutes. she created this dining room to have that formal space for she and her family and also when they had guessed -- guests over. president,s elected there were four months between the election and the inauguration. there were a lot of visitors coming to springfield. one of them was one of stewart, who into the being lincoln's secretary of state. she had trays of something like her famous white cake or the madeleine. from the confectionery -- cake the macaroon pure myth. maybe you could relax a little pyramid.caroon these are the two nicest rooms in the house. there are moral topped tables.

top tables. there is a walnut shelf with a bust of mr. lincoln on it. that was here in 1860. that everyone in the neighborhood could say they have a bust of their husbands in their living room. this was a fancy place, where she wanted to show off. mary would have held her parties in here where she would have been discussing mr. lincoln's political aspirations. this is where people started when they came to a party. they started at the front door, met mr. lincoln here, maybe went into the dining room and picked up a bit of refreshment and met mary in the sitting room before going out of the dog -- front door again. this is where lincoln was told he had been nominated to run for president. this was the seat of power in the house. larry helped showcase how far her husband had come from that health showcase paul

farmer husband had come from that one room -- showcase how far her husband had come. president clinton's cottage was a seasonal home for the lincoln family -- president lincoln's cottage was a seasonal home for the lincoln family. she saw it as helping the family have more privacy than they had in the white house. we are in the living room, which is not part of the typical experience. when the lincolns were living here, mary is involved in a series carries accidents. some scholars believe the carriage had been tampered with and this was actually an early assassination attempt on lincoln. about in that

accident, the driver seat separated and mary have to leap out of the carriage to save herself. she suffered a head injury. she is treated down at the white house. after she has been treated, she comes out here to make her recovery. we believe she did that here in mary lincoln room. it is the most isolated room and the only one that has windows on three different walls allowing for better cross breezes to make her recovery more comfortable. in 1862, there is the imperative of having a more private place to mourn and grieve after the death of their son lives -- their son, lily -- son, willy. mary was going about the cultural expectations of a woman

in mourning and felt she could not do this effectively at the white house. there was a personal and turn to placeut here, to have a to grieve the loss of her son. one of the best documented the vincent took place here is a that took places here is a seance after the death lincoln.e lincoln felt that mary was being taken advantage of the she might be subject to blackmail. he asked for some of his colleagues and friends to check out the situation to see if they could figure out with this medium was doing and how he was able to making noises he was claiming where spirits. the noises were recounted and

the fact that when the lights toned on, they were able prove that he was a fraud. based on the historical record, it does not seem that mary was aware she was being defrauded in this way. after it was revealed that this man was a fake, she is quite embarrassed by it. it is an attempt to conceal and cover up the event. whenever mary lincoln writes about this place to friends, she talks about how dearly she loved the place and how much she was looking forward to coming out here. she saw it as fulfilling her train of what her family would experience when they were in washington -- fulfilling her dream of what her family would experience when they were in washington, d.c. >> the personal effects of the lies and johnson allow a glimpse into the life of this ofeliza johnson - of eliza johnson allow

a glimpse into the life of this private first lady. >> we have one of the necklaces, which is a plain black cross, which shows person plastic case. another is a sewing case. three of her favorite pastimes, being as reclusive that she was, was the embroidery work, reading poetry, and scrap booking. in the broader sense, they received political gifts while they were in the white house. we have an ivory baskets that came from the queen of the sandwich islands. they are now being hawaiian islands. that was the first time in queen came to the white house. had the first easter egg hunt on the white house lawn. it stops during the civil war, but he brought it back. he held it on the white house

lawn so that eliza could watch. she was not able to get out much. she watched it from the portico of the white house. >> she chose not to assume the role of the first lady. she received many kids that she brought home with her after they left the white house. -- she received many gifts that she brought home with her after they left the white house. one of them was a box that had 50 pounds of chocolate bonbons. we have letters from some of her children say they would go up to mom's room to get a tree from the bonbon box. another item she thought that was a remembrance of a visit. she returned and bought back one of his books. she was an avid reader. this gave her a chance to

remember his visit. charles dickens is one of the most prolific writers of that time. of that time. 500 pieces of inlaid wood. they would play games. it sits up and rolls up. it looks like a regular table. the craftsmanship is incredibly remarkable. another piece that goes back to them is actually the food container. it was against from the children of philadelphia when they were in the white house. eliza brought that back home with her when they return. >> after falling her husband from one military outpost to another, julia grant was given a home. it was purchased to give to the grand family during his -- for his service during the war.

it was furnished with everything good taste could offer. the parlor was being entertaining part of the home. julia was an avid entertainer and loved it. the family spent a lot of time in the parlor. mr. grant and their daughter played the piano. imagine the family sitting here, the general in his favorite chair, the boys listening to their sister and their mother playing songs. ellen played songs for the guests. he launched his presidential campaign from downtown. the day after his election, they open up their home and the townsfolk toople, come through and congratulate both of them. this is the general and mrs. grant's bedroom. the bed is the oldest piece we have in the house and probably

the most personal. they brought it from white haven. they left it here. through all of their travels, this was always here for them when they came back. this is called a lap book. this was duly's. she probably kept paper, -- this was julia's. religion was important for mrs. grant. her grandfather was a methodist minister. growing up, it was important to her and she instilled that in to the children. they attended the methodist church. stillw they used is marked at the church. it was the grant family pew. this is the dressing room, the most personal space in the house relating to julia grant's. -- julia grant.

she would get ready for breakfast and get ready for bed and have a little solitude. there are a lot of things that belonged to mrs. grant. her sewing kit that she would use to man's socks for the kids. mend socks foro the after his eight years in the white house, the grants came back for rest and relaxation for a couple of months. then they decided to go on a world tour. they were gone for over two years, visiting close to 40 countries. popular atwere so that time, they were like american celebrities. they were treated like royalty. they receive a lot of gifts. we are fortunate enough to have some of those. two of them are here on the

mantle. these were gifts from the king of bulgaria. , they cameorld tour back for a couple of months and came back from cuba. paintings were given by the government of mexico. . very popular artist did these this is where the family would have their meals. julia maybe would have done some light entertaining here. this is not anything too elaborate. we have some other gifts given to the grants and this one was given to julia. this was a bronze urn given to her by the citizens of yokohama, japan. this was given to her by the emperor of japan. on the mantle is one of the most personal pieces that julia

liked best. the leaves were given to her by general grant, leaves he picked up from the holy city. she kept them, had them framed and wrote the whole story on here. julia probably had the time of her life on this world tour ritchie devotes almost a third of her memoirs to it. she developed a friendship with queen victoria and a very good friendship with the emperor of japan and ended up staying in japan longer than they had expected because they develop such a nice, close relationship with him. after president grant passed away, julia was living in new york and the emperor of japan came to visit julia while she was there. they still kept that friendship and had it for the rest of her life trade this was always a place where the children's family could come back to and this was always considered home and was always welcoming. of galena and refers

to her dear, dear galena. >> lucy hayes was known for her kindness and compassion, not only to her family but the many other lives she touched. lex she and her husband had eight children. five of them lived to adulthood area we know from letters that this was their gathering space. ,ot only is this their bedroom but this is where they spent a lot of family time together. this room is important to lucy as a mother because this is where her eighth child was born, right here in this bed. he was the only one of the eight to be born here at spiegel grove. tragically, he was never a very wasthy child and when he about 18 months old, he contracted dysentery and passed away. it was very hard on the family. this is what she took with her when she was encamped with her

husband during the civil war. to hervery important that she be with him as often as was practical. and he was in winter camp not actually on campaign, when he was in western virginia, she would travel in him and wrote how important it was for her to be with him. she often wrote that she was concerned about the welfare of the men in his regiment. with her and would actually do some sowing and mend some unit of arms. she was a good seamstress. not only did she repair soldiers uniforms, but she made her own beautiful wedding dress. that ishe things interesting that occurred in the space, this is where they had family christmases and they would write about these in the diary entries -- diary entries and have breakfast.

they would come in here and the whole family would gather. they had very simple presence among a lot of cousins, but this is the space where they would do this. happenedtraditions here as well as day-to-day activities. this is a watercolor painting of the president and lucy at the white house. there are some very vibrant colors. the same color scheme is reflected here. we know that she liked the color blue, and when we were real and some of the furniture to take it back to the original, we found swatches of the original fabric embedded in these pieces of furniture. bedroom of rutherford and lucy's only daughter. she was named after the president much beloved sister. this is a painting of fanny with

her father. she was the only daughter. little girline a growing up and a house like this with a lot of brothers. even though her parents claim she was not the favorite, she had this furniture specially made for her and had one of the bigger bedrooms. darling toly was the her mother and father. this is a painting that shows lucy tending to a wounded soldier during the civil war. two causes that were important to her were veterans and soldiers and orphans, children who had been made orphans as a result of the civil war. this painting was created to hang in an orphanage in ohio where she was very supportive. those issues that were important to her. when people associated with those causes would come here and visit, they would sit in this formal parlor.

spiegel grove was host to a number of reunions of civil war veterans. the unit that rutherford served in and future president mckinley .as a member of the 23rd oh vi he and his family were frequent guest here. veteran groups were always welcomed. when they would gather on the ground and come to sit and talk, they would sit in this formal parlor. lucy was a wonderful hostess and wanted people to feel very welcome here. this is where they would sit and discuss the issues of the day. they would have posted a number of political figures, including future presidents taft and william tecumseh sherman was a guest as well as a number of other national political figures. as a political partner with her husband entertaining these figures and serving in the role of hostess, that would have been

incredibly important. >> lucretia and james garfield had a great love of books and knowledge and created a learning environment for their family. , she established the prelude to a presidential library. >> this is the parlor, the way it looked during james garfield 's 1880 campaign. the former parlor and family lucretia spent a lot of time with their children. iny lost two children infancy, isabella and edward. james and lucretia's five all have the benefit of having two very intelligent parents who strongly believed in education, that education was an emancipating factor and that led to the keys of success. the children took anne's

lessons, piano lessons. piano, which was a gift to her on her 13th birthday in 1880. she and the boys practiced the piano and that was the reward. here in the family parlor, like everywhere else, you see a lot of books. the children love to read as well. some of their favorite authors were dickens and there are several volumes of his work. also william shakespeare. sit and readuld to one another in the evening. that was one of their favorite activities. we are here in the family dining room and in the center of the table is this interesting art piece. it won an award at the philadelphia centennial. mrs. garfield absolutely adored her time at the exhibition. she visited all the tents, the

art tents, the science tents, the technology tents. she was specifically interested in the latest science and technology of the day. she would write pages and pages of what she saw at the site. loof people think of her as aisc lady. she's also very intelligent and love the sciences, like most families, dinnertime was a very important time of the day. a time for them all to get together and talk about what a were doing. the garfield would use this time and play games with the children. sometimes they would bring books to the table and words that were mispronounced or misspelled and quiz the children. james and lucretia made everything an educational after jamesrea >> garfield's death, lucretia came back to ohio and started to make her family's life on this property.

she started to make a lot of changes to the properly -- to the property. the downstairs summer bedroom, she turned that into other things and started using the upstairs at room. she converted the kitchen into an open room and had it moved into the back part of the house. most interesting was the property -- but most important are the ones that she didn't make. in the room now james garfield used as an office for the years he was living here in the house. lucretia garfield called this called this the snuggery. it's pretty much in the same condition james garfield walked

out when he went to run his campaign. you see the words carved into the wood and this has very special meaning -- in memory of james garfield. it does have an interesting double meaning in that it was also the title of their favorite:. in late 1863, james garfield became aashington, first-time member of the u.s. house of representatives. on december 1, their first born , who they lovingly nicknamed trot died great as was very tragic for them and brought them must -- brought them much closer together. he wrote a very impassioned, compassionate letter to his wife to were three weeks after the daughter's death and he told lucretia in the letter that he had been reading this column

written by alfred lord tennyson and it was offering him great comfort as a trial -- as they try to deal with the death of their daughter. he hoped it would bring as much comfort to her as it did to him and suggested this become their problem. and it did. when lucretia garfield had in memoriam carved into the wood in her husband's office after his death, she was acknowledging not only his tragic death, only 49 when he was assassinated, but this love of literature they had and the special relationship they had with the tennyson poem. if james a garfield were to walk into this house right now, he would not recognize this room. when he was alive and living here, this was the kitchen. after his death, she started to make major changes to the property. it was converted into this open reception room. the most significant change she made was the construction of the very first presidential memorial

library. as we get to the top of the steps, we come first to the memorial landing. it is here we find one of her favorite portraits of her and. this was done by carolyn ransom and it shows james garfield as a major general during the civil war. this is the room she came up with in her mind. foreep his memory alive himself and for their children and the country as well. these are all books that belonged to james garfield. sentis a beautiful piece to mrs. garfield unsolicited by someone in italy. it is a beautiful memorial piece. it is all made with small stones pressed together and it was one of her favorite pieces. we have a beautiful marble bust

of james garfield sculpted by an italian sculpture. what she called the memory room. this is a room constructed with storedrary in which she her husband's official papers and documents. it was in this room the papers were organize, catalog and bound up and stored to keep them for posterity. a lot of interesting items in here. ,ost significantly is the reef that was actually lying on his casket while he was lying in state in the capitol building. to her via thent with a delegation along handwritten note of sympathy from the queen. something interesting about this room is the fact that they used this room a lot. where you can

go in and touch anything. she spent a lot of time here writing letters and you will see she did use black bordered stationery and actually use that for the rest of her life to denote a lifelong mourning for her husband. ,n front of the large windows two of the garfield children actually got married in 1888 in a double wedding ceremony where the oldest garfield, molly and the only surviving daughter aerated their respective fiancés in a double wedding ceremony in front of the windows in the library. the youngest first lady, frances cleveland, stirred the interest of the american public and became the fashion icon of her time. >> the public's fascination with frances cleveland, she was a real icon. women emulated her hairstyle and she populated everything she had

and did. this is a dress from the second administration and this is the most prized piece of all because this is the inaugural gown. this is the inaugural gown from 1893 and a stated her family and the family's wedding dress. the bottom of the dress is exactly the same, but the top has been remade. it originally had a satin top with large leg of mutton sleeves with bows on the shoulders. it laced from the original a new bodicereate and make it a more fashionable, modern wedding dress. let's look at the other close. even her everyday clothes were very stylish. a lot of them look like something you could wear now. this is a jacket.

black with this beautiful blue velvet. it is definitely daywear. this is a more evening appropriate these. this would have had a matching skirt and you can see the beautiful lace and sequence. slightly more ornate daytime fast. this would have a matching color and you can wear it with a short waisted skirt. it is 100 years old now and one earlier wedding dresses on display for many years, we changed the dresses around and the stress was on display. this is a reception dress she

would have worn during the second administration. this is when sleeves become much long -- larger. this is a beautiful skirt and bodice with a matching evening gown. ande large puffed sleeves butterflies. a description talks about the butterflies looking like they would alight from her shoulders. you can see the damage light can do. the velvet was originally this color and over years of display, frances cleveland is so popular. people are imitating her close and hairstyle, but they want a piece of frances for themselves. pictures of the first lady became extremely popular.

you can purchase actors of ms. cleveland to have in your home. advertisers and any factors make an array of souvenirs you mrs.urchase and have cleveland in your house and home so you can purchase a small painted class portrait and have plates. she can convince you to buy a and the first couple together, she's used in campaigns, so while we have clover -- while we have grover cleveland running for president, we have mrs. cleveland running for first lady. this is a set of cards where you are electing the president, vice president and first lady. frances cleveland in the second administration looks a little different now.

she's not the young ingénue. she's a confident matron and this is a pretty piece you can have in your home. the same image is used in this ribbon. that notave a souvenir only commemorates the fair, it commemorates the campaign. to collection is too vast all be on display at one time. the is not currently on floor is stored in here and they can be used for exhibition purposes. this is frances cleveland's wedding dress. frances cleveland was an incredibly popular bride. she married the president in a white house ceremony radially white house ceremony for the first lady. filled in with a neck piece.

it goes around and create a softening effect. a is a longsleeved dress and wonderful long train. even the underside of the close have this beautiful trim and this sweeping train. collection contains more than clothing. we have the public pieces, one of my favorite things in the entire collection is this box. each of the guests were given a satin covered box painted with the bride and grooms initials to hold a piece of wedding cake. before the wedding, they found time to sign the card for every cake box. this would have been a piece of

cake and this particular cake .ox was given to the minister he was the minister at the first presbyterian church in washington dc. a testament to the public's fascination. this is a piece of sheet music, the wedding march composed in honor of the wedding because it was not the wedding march played at the wedding. withobviously decorated pictures of mr. and mrs. cleveland. the images of the cleveland together will be part of popular culture for the next 12 years. caroline harrison was interested in the painting of china where and was the first to establish a white house china collection. >> china painting became a national hobby because of caroline harrison.

women all over the country, once they are the president's wife was a china painter, they wanted to do that to. i would credit caroline harrison with thing -- with creating enthusiasm among women for painting. , we havehina cap next other examples of her paintings. she loved flowers and that was our number one subject, to .aint flowers on the bottom shelf, we have birds. she loved birds and nature and she created these beautiful bird plates. we have a couple of things on gaveall she painted and as gifts. when she was in the white house, she did this frequently. one of the pieces was given to a servant who retired and she wrote on the back of it, thanking him for his service.

then we have a piece the harrison's gave to the stanfords of stanford university. it was a gift painted by caroline and when the museum opened, stanford university sent it back to us so we now have it here in the dining room. to the whiteame house, she was very interested in how the place work. still the ground floor but it was considered the basement because the kitchen was down here. the storage for food and tableware and such. she came down and found it was rather dilapidated and 30, sort of ominous, and she tried to spruce it up and went through the cabinets and found old pieces of china and asked servants if they could tell how old the peace is. she started the idea of trying to catalog and create a sense of

what the chinas were. she had a plan for putting display cases in the dining room, but that never came to fruition. she is credited with being the initiator of a permanent china collection at the white house. she was interested in designing china and wanted to be american. but there was not a strong enough porcelain manufacturing industry when she started looking into new china, so she decided they would let a french company make the blanks and she would provide the design. it was not a full-service. she didn't order 12 or 15 pieces per plate setting. with a shapeed that was the lincoln era shaped. this is a soup late or tea to whatd very similar represents on the link in china. she designed the border.

she felt it represented american agricultural plants and the golden run. so their word their plates and soup plates and breakfast plates made into blue and also breakfast plates and t plates made with the white border and a series of demitasse cups and saucers. so there were not all the other shapes you would have in the bowls and cream soup cups and various and sundry other things that went with it. >> you have caroline harrison's white house diary and this was something we don't have out very often. she kept the diary and you can see it's very fragile. keeping the diary and the date for this one and she mentions several different things. she mentions going to arlington cemetery and decorating the

soldier's grave site and with benjaminng to the soldiers home and hospital. some of the things near and dear to her here were working with the asylum and she continued to do some of that while she was in washington visiting the hospital than what hot. they mentioned some of the other things going on in the diary. having the floral arrangements. one was the pan-american conference of countries meeting there and mentions decorations for that as well. this was the dinner at the arlington in washington dc and you can see the table setting. device president and different allegations and where they were

sitting. she talks a lot about the centennial celebration for the centennial of george washington's inauguration. things from the bank with and what not. one of the parades was seven then the half hours long. personal and family things mentioned in the diary, how she is feeling and what the weather is like area one of the things she talks about is the christening of their young granddaughter. she said they used water from the river jordan that her sister had brought back from a trip over there. we have some of that water in we collection today. actually have some water in there as well. she was christened in the blue room of the white house in a

private family ceremony at that time. she also mentions christmas at the white house and having the tree put out for the grandchildren. they have the first decorated christmas tree in the white house and she mentions the gifts given at that time, including opera glasses. we have her opera glasses given to her that she mentions in the even thoughl. >> she was in poor health and suffered from epilepsy, she still contributed by crocheting slippers and donating them to charity and presenting them as gifts. >> what is wonderful about this is that inside, it has a picture of william mckinley. this is something we see in a lot of her personal belongings. this was her sewing bag. she would keep the crochet items in here. this is one of her