>> we are standing inside a two- --ry log cap and from 1856

cap and from 1846. to let us know that she does that like it one bit. she found it crude and homely. make the best of it. she would want to be the masters of her own home. she just but he could have built something as nice as whitehaven and was perturbed that her father had talked grand log structure. she would have had fine china. comfortable chairs. a broad table. at this point she would have had had by people eating in his dining room. is that thistant represents the very first home together. she will gain a great deal of confidence as a wife and mother

and it starts here. >> this week, the encore presentation of "first ladies," influence and image. this week, julia grant through caroline harrison. we can night all this week at 9:00 p.m. eastern. weeknights all this week at 9:00 p.m. eastern. >> on friday, amy klobuchar spoke to constituents. she's the first democratic 2016ul to visit iowa 48 presidential campaign. this is about 45 minutes. [applause] that is some big shoes to follow. the party respects women across america.

that is why it gives me great pleasure to reward one of the greatest females with the beacon award. it was created to give an award to an outstanding democrat who exemplifies the ideals and values. in 2009, it was awarded to jimmy carter. it went to state senator and the majority leader. last year's award went to tom harkin.

this year's award has gone to secretary hillary clinton. [applause] i have with me on stage some north iowa democratic women with me hereto except the award on senator clinton -- secretary clinton's behalf. on january 21, 2009, hillary rodham clinton was sworn in as secretary of the united states. secretary clinton joined the state department after nearly four decades as an advocate, attorney, first lady, and senator.

she attended local public schools before graduating from wellesley college, where she met bill clinton. she married bill clinton and became a successful attorney while also raising chelsea. she was an assistant professor at the university of arkansas law school, and she was appointed by jimmy carter to serve on the board of the legal services corporation, which she later chaired. during her 12 years as first lady she was chairman of the co- standards committee and served on the board of the children's

hospital and children's defense fund. in 2000 hillary clinton made history as the first first lady ever elect did to the united states senate and the first woman elected statewide in new york. in the senate she served on the armed services committee, the environment and public works committee, the budget committee, and the committee on aging. she was also a commissioner on cooperation in europe. clinton worked across party lines, including expansion of

economic opportunity and access to polity healthcare. she was a strong advocate for funding and for the first responders who risked their lives at ground zero. she fought for better benefits for wooded servicemembers and members of the national guard and reserves. she was also a member of the advisory group to the joint forces command. in 2006 senator clinton won reelection to the senate, and in 2007 began her historic campaign for president of the united states. in 2008 she campaigned for for barack obama and joe biden, and she was nominated by president elect obama to be secretary of state. i do not think any of us have lived to see a woman achieve a greater set of goals and a woman who has done more for all of us than secretary hillary rodham

clinton. with that, i give this award to hillary rodham clinton, and it is going to be accepted. [applause] >> in 2007 i was honored to serve as hillary clinton's campaign director. my entire family met her at a campaign event in may of that year. having only met hillary clinton as portrayed in media events, i was not prepared for her warm and authenticity. after exchanging greetings, she looked at her son and looked back at me to ask, how is your health care? does it cover everything you need? i am not sure i can explain the warmth her beacon of light provided.

in that moment, for me, for our family, for our son, hillary clinton embodied hope, and in our brief conversation, she showed me what makes her the best public servant i believe our country has ever known. no matter the topic, same-sex marriage, veterans rights, voters rights, workers right, and much more, hillary clinton understands our country is only as good as the quality of opportunities we provide each citizen. in beijing when she courageously declared an obvious truth that women's rights are human rights, hillary clinton reminded the world that securing rights for all persons is what makes the

country strong. this he can of light has shown regardless of the title she has held as public servant. hillary clinton lives as a beacon of light. she always has him a and i am con men and she always will. we are extremely route all north iowa democrats are honoring her tonight with this award. we thank you for shining a light on this incredible democrat who embodies what it means to be a aegon of light in our world. -- to be a beacon of light in our world.

>> i would like senator amanda ragan and others to join us as we accept this award. [applause] thank you. >> inc. you, dean. thank you, joy. in 2006, sandy became the first

thank you, joy. in 2006, sandy became the first woman to represent the state in the senate. she served as chief prosecutor and now i u.s. senator. amy has been guided are the values she learned growing up in minnesota. she was a leading advocate for success of passage of one of the first laws of the country, guaranteeing 48-hour hospital days for new mothers and their babies.

amy was elected to serve as a prosecutor for the county that includes minneapolis and 45 suburbs. in 2000 and the people of minnesota -- in 2000 the people of minnesota voted for her as senator. as senate chair of the joint economic committee as well as commerce entrance rotation, amy has been a leader in an agenda to create jobs we need to grow it in our communities. she chairs a subcommittee for consumer rights. as chair, amy has continued to work to advance policies that protect consumers and make sure businesses are able to come heat

on a level playing field. -- to compete on a level playing field. please give a warm welcome. >> hello, f democrat. are you ready to send bruce to the senate? for any of our

friends not from iowa, the ballroom is called the ballroom because it is right near clear lake. .his is iowa's idea of surf i think they should know, minnesota and iowa combined have more lakeshore with all of our lakes, particularly in minnesota, then california, florida, and hawaii's coastline. now it is truly great to be here today, especially as we honor secretary of state clinton with the beacon award. she truly embodies the principles and ideals of the party. we should hear it for joy.

she did a wonderful job. talk to you about that. and she talked about the incredible work that hillary clinton has done promoting economic opportunity for all, making the country a safer place. and the incredible work, i can tell you, i've seen it already having someone who's come into the united states senate, the work she's done for women, in the senate, in the country, and all over the world. now, i want to thank your great party chair, scott, your county chair, john. all of the iowa party leaders. the one thing i'll leave here is butler county. two democrats since the civil war, that's going change, that's all i can say. i'm here for three reasons tonight. the first is to elect my good

friend. he's one of the best candidates in the country running for the united states senate. you all know better than anyone how he shares tom harkin's values. that passion for hardwork, the passion for people in the state. all we have to know about tom harkin in minnesota is one thing -- and that is when he was in the senate with paul wellstone, he was paul wellstone's best friend. thank you, iowa, for that. the second is how can you say no to a wing ding. by the way, those were great chicken wings. and the third reason, as bruce noted, is i'm literally only two hours from here and i can see iowa from my porch. when you really think about it, our states, minnesota and iowa have a lot more in common than a

border, right? you have the iowa state fair going on right now where the most famous thing is the life-sized butter cow got a little bit of attention this week. everything is fine now. a cow carved entirely out of butter. in minnesota, we have princess kay of the milky way and her court all carved entirely out of butter. so i guess each of our states have our own idea of royalty. e that was just a little iowa joke, you guys. you have the world famous match stick museum, right? not far from here, we have the world famous spam museum. as we like to call it, the guigenham. you are the state gaining notoriety for picking the country's presidents. we are the state thanks to the great hubert humphrey and walter mondale that supply the country with vice presidents. in fact, it is a long timed tradition in minnesota that new moms gushing with pride bounce their babies on their knee and say, one day you can be growing up to be vice president.

now finally, bruce made note of this, one thing for sure is a very, very focussed citizenry that cares about elections and really has a fierce sense of independence. if you don't believe me about the independent part of minnesota, i have three boards for you. governor jesse ventura. now, you are truly blessed with the senate candidate in bruce that represents the best of grassroots politics. in this state and in this country. when i think of bruce, i always think of when i came to help him campaign and he was always had those work boots, those work boots that reminded him of how he literally pulled himself up from where he was to get to where he is today. i think of him as a champion for the middle class, a champion for veterans. the guy who knows the value of education, not because he read it in a speech, but because he knows it in his own life and he

knows it from his own mom. bruce and i, as bruce mentioned, have been work together on the issue of sexual assault in the military. it wasn't something we just started doing. we have been working on it for a number of years. when we got involved in this, they were destroying the records of sexual assault from one year to five years in the military. they would go away, they'd vanish. i heard about that as a prosecutor, i thought this is probably the dumbest thing i ever heard. and we convinced the leaders in the senate and in the house to include a provision to preserve those records so they are no longer destroyed. that is one change that i think you all know there's a lot more work to be done and that's what we're all working on right now. what i like so much also about working with bruce is he's never satisfied with sitting back to fix problems.

he gives voice to people who don't have a voice and he got into government for all of the right reasons. a lot of people in politics today. a few have visited your state recently who think that a successful career in politics is built on stopping progress. when i realized going back to the values of the 's, they mean the s. that's not me, bruce, or anyone in this room. bruce and i got started in grassroots politics to fix things. people came to us and said something's wrong and they need it fixed. they didn't come from families with money. both our moms were teachers. i didn't have a grandfather or dad in the united states senate. neither did he. his dad was a world war ii veteran where he worked in a grain elevator where he was seriously injured. no surprise that both of us got involved in politics for the simplest of reasons.

something was wrong. it needed to be fixed. something wasn't fair man and it needed to be made right. in bruce's case, he's dedicated himself the cause of worker safety. he knew it happened to his dad and he dedicated himself to helping those who have lost everything because he knows what that is like. i got involved in politics after my daughter was born and she couldn't swallow. we spent the whole night in the hospital where they did test after test after test and they still didn't know what was wrong. she was still in intensive care. with the insurance companies, they had a rule you couldn't stay in the hospital for

hours as a new mom. my daughter was in intensive care. i didn't sleep for two days, they kicked me out of the hospital. as my husband wheeled me out, i had a moment saying you know what, this wouldn't be happening to the wife of the head of the insurance company. and when my daughter got a little better. she was in the hospital for weeks and weeks, i decided that i wasn't going to just sit back and let this happen to another mom. so i get involved in politics. a new mom, never elected to anything. i started going turnover the capitol and testifying about what happened and because of that in minnesota we enacted the first laws in the country guaranteeing new moms and their babies a -hour hospital stay. one of my favorite experiences is you can never give up. they wanted to delay the effective date.

i showed up with pregnant friends of mine. they outnumbered them -. when this bill should take effect. the pregnant moms said now and we won. politics worked at its best. to me, that's a defining moment. i decided to run for local office. chief prosecutor in the county for eight years. i'd been there a short time by tom harkin's standards. but i try to live by the same principle that you can make change and you have to be willing to go out there and do it. you know our country has been through tough times. it was after two years that i was in the senate that we had the worst recession since the great depression. i remember the first month of when we lost more jobs in

this country than there were people in the state of vermont. every industry was suffering. you remember here from retail to real estate to tourism. i think you all know, we've come a long way since those difficult days. at .%, the national unemployment rate is at the lowest point in four years. but you know we still have a tremendous problem with long term unemployment, with people unemployed for six months. in minnesota, we're doing better than the national average. here in iowa, you beat them all at .%. manufacturing jobs are coming back across the country, sales are up. the auto industry is back. the most exciting when i looked around here when i crossed over the border, with the help of farmers in iowa and minnesota, we increased the supply of

fuels, doubled our supply on clean energy. and since , our dependence has gone down from % to %. that's since . that has a lot to do with the people in this room. you can't drive down here without seeing all of the wind turbines. you get % of your energy from wind and it provides , jobs in the state of iowa. that's incredible numbers. so i see us as a stable economy but on the cusp of great economic gains. but something is holding us back. something is holding us back. and to me, it's the group in congress. obstructionism and extremism that's holding us back and preventing too many americans from realizing the promise of america. look at the crew that graced your state in the past two months talking about shutting

the government down again. their goal, they want to cause one big government traffic jam. the only problem -- they won't pay for the roads and bridges to get it out of it. there are two things that really bug me about this obstructionism. first, they seem to forget these are real people that would be affected by these moves. and even in the midst of the recovery, we all know people. the kid in cedar rapids who wants to become a teacher but can't afford college. the dad who lost his jobs at the kraft foods in mason city and wants to be retrained but can't quite get the right program so he gettings it skills to go back to work to support his family. or the family in waterloo who's working harder and harder and harder to pay that mortgage. i don't have to tell you too many americans are still falling behind, unable to get education, to match the skills for the jobs that are open or find a good paying job or pay for their security.

the other thing that bothers me about some of the things that these people are saying. i'm telling you they're coming in and saying in your state more than a lot of other states right now. that is there's a whole bunch of things we could be doing right now to help people to get jobs, to stabilize the economy even more, to grow the economy, to strengthen the middle class. i think there are things everyone could agree on. we could come together on an innovation agenda. one of your government candidates mentioned this. the simple idea that we no longer can afford to be a country that turns money around on wall street. we have to be a country that makes stuff again, that invents things, that experts to the world. this means making sure embracing the president's idea that we double exports so we're making things again and they're going to other countries. exports in iowa are about agriculture, right? but they're about manufacturing, they're about farm equipment. farm equip equipment isn't going just to the united states.

it's going all over the world. there's a guy right north of here in minnesota named maynard ackerman. he has a company where he does trenchless digging where he puts huge pipes underneath the ground and pushes another pipe so that he can make sewer and water and space for that, especially in countries like china and india that are finally building infrastructure but can't uproot all of the neighborhoods. he has employees in a corn field all because exports. so it isn't just about big businesses, its's about small and medium sized businesses as well. one of the favorite things is he was named international trenchless digger of the year. this is why i love my job as a senator. this innovation agenda is making sure we're training our students to match the job we have including the education they're getting in high school.

we have way too many job openings in our state in the high-tech area. we've got make sure that some of the kids if they want do it are able to get degrees while they're in high school and able to work more with the community colleges. the innovation agenda is making sure we bring down or debt in a reasonable way, a balanced way, a long-term way, but not on the backs of seniors and the students and the middle class. that is not how we reduce the debt in this country. comprehensive tax reform. warren buffet pays a lower rate than the secretary. that's not what we should be doing. we should look at fair tax reform.

we know that it's something that senator bachus can get done in the senate. if we can think about how america can get to the strongest, the most innovative, it brought the world everything from the pace maker to the post-it note to facebook. it's clear we're the country we are today because we were able to invest in those opportunities, to invest in scientific research, to invest in innovation, to invest in entrepreneurship. i truly believe these are things that democrats and republicans can agree on. simple ideas of workforce training, comprehensive tax reform. bringing the debt down in a balanced way. these are things we should agree on across the board. what's the problem? well, first of all, we know that some republicans are willing to work on those kinds of things. i know better than anyone because of / of the bills i've done have led because of bipartisan. some want to move the country the right way. want to move our country forward.

but a group of ideologues in the oules of representatives is holding the country back. let me tell you what i'm talking about. you know we passed a farm bill in the united states senate. it has the support of tom vilsack. the support of senator grassley and harkin. it was one that had the support of representative grayley. we were able to get support across the aisle for a bill. you know what the bill does? it strengthens our safety net for our farmers. it reduces the debt by $ billion over the last farm bill. why would republicans in the house be against this? that's what it does. it makes sure we have the conservation programs in place. i'm glad to be on the senate side of the conference committee to get the farm bill done. but literally, i keep asking our staff every day, have the republicans in the house called to set up that conference committee, no, they haven't.

called today? no, they haven't? you know why that bill isn't going anywhere? because it's in the cutting room floor in the house because tea partiers decided to shred it to pieces because they want to eliminate nutrition programs that for decades have kept millions of kids and seniors and working people from hunger. this is from the fargo forum, okay? this is not a bastion of liberalism. this is a conservative paper based in fargo that also has a bunch of newspapers in minnesota. they ran an editorial -- he ran an editorial board just last week and he said, quote, make no mistake about it.

house repuns are to blame for the far bill stall. this is not a political conclusion, it's a statement of fact. well, i'm a former prosecutor. i like facts. i like evidence. and the house has to bring this bill to a conference committee so we can get it done. applause now how about our infrastructure bills. no one knows better than minnesota and iowa how important it is to move the infrastructure bill. this is how we get the goods to market so we can compete internationally. i know a little bit about transportation policy in this country. you'll never forget what happened in minnesota in august of when in the middle of a summer's day that bridge collapsed in the middle of the mississippi river. as i said, that day, a bridge just shouldn't fall down in the middle of america. not an eight-lane bridge in the middle of rush hour and not a bridge six blocks from my house. that's what happened. people were killed. hundreds were injured. you know what we do when it does break down, when that happens in america? we rebuild.

we rebuilt that bridge less than months. we rebuilt like they're rebuilding in new jersey after hurricane sandy. we rebuild like you did in iowa after the iowa floods. we rebuild because that's what a good government does. it funds public safety and infrastructure and it doesn't shortchange our roads and our bridges and our locks and our dams. so where do you think the senate passed bipartisan water bill, the water resources development act. where do you think it is? it's is it you can in the house of representatives another example. after decades of immigrants living in the shadows, kids who lived in our military denied citizenship. engineers and doctors and scientists denied industry. the senate passed a bipartisan comprehensive immigration bill with votes in the senate. the bill brings the debt down by

--million in ten years. $200 million in ten years. it secured the borders and unleashes the problem for america for so many. the aflcio and chamber of commerce support this bill. the head of the farm workers and grover nordqvist support this bill. despite what you might be hearing from the congressman in this district, 65% of the people in this district according to the recent poll, and 51% of republicans want to see a path to citizenship. those are the facts, those are the facts. those are the facts. bill clinton likes to say, that's the arithmetic. remember that.

so why haven't we sent that immigration bill, a signed bill to the president's desk, it's stuck in the house. it's somewhere in someone's desk drawer between the post-it notes and the stapler. the farm bill, the infrastructure bill, and the senate budget. i say it's time to tell the people of the house that the people of this country want the keys to that desk drawer. they want -- -- they want representatives coming to the negotiating table to hammer out a compromise that works for the american people. they want representatives that are there for them, not ones who have taken a pledge to uphold a rigid ideology. they want to send people to congress, people like bruce who have taken one pledge and one pledge only.

that is to represent the people of the united states of america. that's what we need to do. i think you guys know that these guys could be difficult. you also know because you're from iowa and because this is the most listening crowd i've ever spoken to in my life, except for the distracted driving conference. it was a good group to talk to. they never want to be distracted. they never do their blackberry. you guys are incredible. i think you know it's not enough to complain. you have to do something about i want. hubert humphrey once said -- while it is good to know history, it is better to make it. if we are unwilling to make history, then others will write it for us. given what i've seen in this room, you are not going to let

someone else write your history. by putting an amendment on a ballot to ban marriage between same-sex couples, you know what the people of minnesota did? we fought back and we defeated that divisive amendment. we were the first state in the country to defeat an amendment like that. this year we joined iowa, our friendly neighbor to the south, to become one of the first states to legalize gay marriage. we wrote our own history. last year in the last election when we heard people talking about legitimate rape and regenerating the issues we thought were resolved years before? did those guys win the elections? no. we won and we sent a record women to the united states senate. we wrote our own history. and if you wonder if women make a difference when they're in congress -- this is my favorite story. during the health care debates

in the finance committee, debbie stab now of michigan was sitting there looking across from the former senator from arizona. he said, you know, i don't understand why you guys are talking about putting maternity benefits in the mandatory benefit package. he said, i never used them. without missing a beat, she looked across the table and said, i bet your mother did. and they got included in the list of benefits. speaking of writing history, when pundits said barack obama and joe biden couldn't win in iowa. they couldn't win in the first place and couldn't win the re-election. you didn't let karl rove write the book about politics, you wrote your own chapter, you sent him back to the white house. while we're on the topic of

election -- we didn't say one thing -- i know bruce is going to be facing and what you're going be saying on tv, we can't continue with a system where one billionaire can write a $ $10 million check and change the course of an election. bruce knows better than anyone in this room, that shouldn't happen in the united states, that shouldn't happen in a democracy. citizens united was wrong, how do we fix it? how do we fix it? well, the first thing we need to do is to pass a disclose act so we know who the donors are and who are writing the checks. i think you know that's not enough. it's by passing a constitutional amendment to overturn that case. that is how we really change it.

that is how we send the real message. everyone in this country that our democracy, our states, our country is not for sale. despite all of the super pacs. you're going to see them next year and i know the grassroots politics going win them over every single time. despite the super pacs, the extremism, the grandstanding, the tv shout fest, i still believe we can come together for this country. how do we do it? well, first of all, we elect people like bruce. we call out the extremists every step of the way. secondly, we do it by peeking out and working with the more reasonable people across the aisle. in the united states senate, there are some. we need to do that. but to do it, both sides need be courageous. i believe the courage in the next few years is not going to

be standing alone by yourself giving a speech. courage is going to be whether or not you're willing to stand next to someone you don't always agree with for the betterment of this country. that is going be courage for the next few years. passing the civil rights act to creating medicare, democrats and republicans have time and time again had the courage to put partisanship aside to do big things, grand things for this country. we saw this happen in the united states senate with the farm bill. we saw it with immigrationry form. together, democrats and republicans came together for those brief but incredibly important moments to do what was best for this country. that's when we saw to quote former texas congresswoman barbara jordan, an america as good as its promise.

our country has always been a place of promise. my slovenian grandfather worked 1500 feet under the ground in the mines in minnesota. he never graduated from high school. he saved money in a coffee can to send my dad to college. my dad went on to get a degree from a community college in northern minnesota and went to the university of minnesota at got his journalism degree. he went from that mining town to interview everyone from mike ditka to ronald reagan, to ginger rogers. my mom taught 2nd grade until she was 70 years old. and today i stand before you as the grand daughter of an iron ore miner and the daughter of a newspaper man and the teacher and the first woman elected to the united states senate from the state of minnesota.

that's america. my parents and grandparents instilled in me the midwestern values, the same values that you pass on to your children -- family and faith, humility and hardwork. and they taught me to live with honor and courage and to never, never stop fighting for what i believe in. every one of you in this room, when you think of courage and you have to take that one big step or do something that you're afraid to do, you always think of something -- someone in your

family, someone you knew in your life. for me, i always think my grandpa down there in those mines and back then it was so dangerous. they would hear the whistle and everyone would run to the mine because they didn't know who was killed or hurt that day. my grandpa worked in the mines a long time. a few years ago, i met a guy at a little restaurant up there in elie. he told me he came running up to me and said his dad worked with my grandpa and then he got promoted as foreman. all of them had to radio down when the guys went to a new and dangerous part of the mine. he got tears in his eyes and said everyone except your grandpa, when your grandpa was foreman, he would never stand on top and radio down. he would always go down with the guys and he would always go first. he said, your grandpa was fearless. he was fearless. you -- you're the hawkeye state, right? for generations, you never backed down from a challenge. your ancestors settled a wind blown prairie and turned it into a place that feeds the world. you've given the country pioneers and the leaders in political courage.

people like tomville vilseck. people who take risks and stand shoulder to shoulder with the people they serve. so this -- this is what i'm asking you do. just like my grandpa and just like bruce did. put your boots on again. you do it well. put the hard hats on, square your shoulders, get ready for the next election including those people in butler county. get ready, because i believe you can do it. i heard the candidates today. you heard how great bruce is. jim mauer. he has the same name as the famous player in minnesota. we'll pretend he's his brother. make the calls, knock on the doors, rally the neighbors, never stop fighting and let's move forward together.

thank you, northern iowa. keep up the brave work. discussion on military defense strategies and planning and a report on the ways the military [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] rex check hagel is reading at the pentagon. we got word that is wreaking has been changed to noon now. we plan to bring that to you when he gets underway. four ministers plan to hold an emergency meeting wednesday in brussels to forge a joint response to egypt. the meeting of ambassadors came a day after this.

the it was a major source of loans for egypt. we expect to hear more about the lyrical unrest and violence in egypt. you will be able to see that elaborating on c-span. later, the new america foundation holds a discussion on electronic surveillance and human rights. we will hear about an individual's right to have access to the internet and privacy. >> this is hugely important to my members. there are two ways you pay for localism. local content. you pay. .hrough a store model or now a growing stream is consent.

, right now cable paid itself far more for its content than it pays to broadcasters. the truth of the matter is our content is the one people watch the most. if you look at any given show, 94 of them are broadcast content. worth something. it it is important that we fight and win this adult. if congress wants us to continue to foster localism and provide all of the things that we do. you have to find a way to financing -- to finance it. >> gordon smith on issues facing the broadcast industry tonight at 8:00 eastern on c-span.

>> this is a two-story log cabin. she let us know that she does not like it. she found a crude and homely. she willer nature, make the best of it. she would want to the mistress of her own home. . she would have brought with her minor things. as a privilege child, she would have had fine china. she would have had fine richer that would have been comfortable, chairs, a broad table. at this point she would have had five people. , and evenportant

though they did not live in a very long, is it represents a very first home together. julia will gain a great deal of confidence as a wife and a mother. it starts right here. >> this week, the encore presentation of our series "for us ladies." ies."rst lady's >> last month and international festival focused on potential growth for u.s. is his is the latin america. we will hear from google executive chair eric schmidt here this is about 90 minutes. >> i am enormously excited to be here which is so innovative and vibrant.

it is one the few places where there is an urban environment. this is really what makes it particularly full of ideas. this embodies that old idea and filled the world you want to live in yourself. so much comes from the immigrants. history of hispanic families going back hundreds of years. i think in for has already taught russi washington. i actually mean the house republicans. they are recognizing this surge that are moving dramatic social change.

drugs and much about immigration when we talk about latin america. 73 millionhat people have been lifted out of poverty in the last 10 years. this thriving new middle class want to get it to keep pace with the new expectation. latin america is going through a to my stick shift. this is the time to get rich. we're going to talk about how we can maximize this, how we can collaborate, how we can bring out a more accelerated strength of partnership. we cannot occur the very disturbing problems that affect this region also, violence. they have reached epidemic levels.

a violence against is really rampant. did so much better than the u.s. did during the financial crisis, judicial systems are still in dire need of reform. there is a real divide in how different countries are dealing with the forces of globalism. is the best way to open up while others are --ting up protection there's protectionist barriers. the difference between these countries are the things they have in common which makes for a very interesting and unique discussion that we can have tonight. i want to introduce our terrific panelists. denver-basedthe

john malone. he was cable before cable was cool. he started this or he was always ahead of his time. wearing on aly video telephone. and he serves on the board of discovery communications and expedia and sirius xm radio. he is also the largest private landowner in the u.s. next is eric schmidt, executive chairman of google. when he joined in 2001, growing google from a little start up to a renowned, global leader in

technology was at the very top of his to-do list. he served as ceo overseeing business strategy along with larry page from 2001-2011. here's a vigorous diplomat for the technology world. he is a member of present president obama's technological counsel. counsel.in 2008, 8 million latin 2008, 8 million latin americans were active online. today that number is 129 million regular users. i want to see what he has to say about the change will do to our world. finally, ambassador arturo sarukhan, the former mexican ambassador to the united states. the longest serving mexican ambassador where he's a enormous change in making america a power. he has seen this whole trajectory take place. he's a fellow at brookings institute.

he is kind of the justin bieber on ambassador row. he was the first ambassador to tweet. he now has over 100,000 followers. i hope you will tweet up a storm. welcome our panelists. let's get started. [applause] >> let's start with you eric schmidt. google has been a game changer, you turned that one -- you turned all of our lives.

what in your view are the ways about innovation and reinvention among what are the properties that create newness? >> thank you. and thank you, tina for putting this on and for the governor for participating in this important. we are right on the cusp of a real change in human intelligence and human understanding. all of this work that all of you intelligence and human understanding. all of this work that all of you and these guys have done to build a society that is knowledge based means we can begin to build systems that make you so much smarter. these sorts of devices we wander around with your permission, it will help you in extraordinary

ways and make suggestions of new ideas, about new things to do, about fun things, and suggestions about businesses. the advent of the mobile device, the platform means the transition to the knowledge economy is essential. that then starts really changes. -- inew ideas interest transportation, new ways of getting around, self driving cars. enormous changes in medicine. a very good diagnostic. pop a pill. wi-fi to your phone, call the doctor, tell the doctor what is going on and the doctor will call you back. all of the systems are just ready now for prime time. we'll use them because that will make our lives easier and faster. the american innovation engine and universities capital funding models is the best in the world. it will continue to produce innovations at this rate even faster.

>> maybe even too fast for humans to keep up with. sometimes i worry at some away you can talk about can be dehumanizing and segregating of people because of this wildly fast technology wishes people-- pushes people apart as much as bring them together. >> i disagree. i would bring offer your teenage daughter. if you have a teenager, if they are awake, they are online. if they wake up in the middle of the night, they are online and go back to sleep. they are more communicative that we could have ever imagined. that hive of knowledge, friendship, thinking will propel the next generation far faster. >> john, you are in engineering by trade. you might be fascinated to see the extraordinary celebration of some of these technologies that eric is talking about.

-- how doms that these you see us moving with this high velocity with technological change? >> it seems that these technologies are cumulative in effect. once we got to where the scale could be propagated in massive scale, the acceleration of pace of innovation took off. it seemed to be everything they taught me in engineering school was completely obsolete 10 years after school. what you actually learn in terms of the technology of the day are pretty obsolete pretty quickly. what they teach at a school is

to learn how to learn if it is a good school and how to adapt. the technologies that we are talking about today are really the evolution of the whole is a parallel inventions that are combined into the type of devices that eric was pointing to. it just seems like it has opened so many doors for innovation and innovation and community. subcommunities, from invention point of view, the combination they have out in silicon valley is pretty unique in the world in terms of human capital, financial capital, and entrepreneurship. not only fored this.

america, but it is spreading. >> the opportunities being presented by the explosion of the technology in the americas from the new economic shift and geographic shift. what is your view as a great investor? what opportunities do you see that we could be exposing? >> you try to get the demand for -- poornventions. implementation of these technologies. of course it varies geographically around the world, the power of these electronic technologies, digital technologies is they are global in scope. there really is a standard that --n be invented and wants the and once the sub -- once the services are offered, they are available to pretty much i guess half of the planet,

perhaps in terms of households. the other half needs to develop an economic base to participate which is a big challenge, by the way. the scale has never been seen before. this is the reason why some of these companies seem to emerge from nowhere and become a huge overnight because they are playing such a large sandbox. >> it creates incredible changes. ambassador arturo sarukhan you were ambassador at a time where you saw this big geographic shift and economic surging of the americas. tell about your point of view and what you learned. >> let me simply start by saying i'm delighted to be back in denver. i said i would be delighted to be the monkey to his organ grinding.

i am very happy to be back. i think as you look to the american south of the rio grande, technology has become a leveler. it does help to understand communities and public policy. technology has provided -- first of all, an expanding middle class via technology is finding new pioneering ways of impacting the way decision-making -- new ways of impacting the way

decision-making is used. there's important trend i am seeing. where middle-class maybe under strain in countries like mexico, brazil, chile, peru, colombia, the middle classes are expanding combined with economic growth shifting demographics. as a fundamental shift, tectonic shift which will change the traditional way in which north and south hemisphere have been doing everything from how do we educate our kids, what do policy look like, how do you sure the political hearties remain you ensure-- how do that political parties remain responsive to citizens? .hat is a common denominator the tea party and occupy the wall street are two extremes. you are seeing it in brazil and you have seen in chile with student demand. you saw it in mexico. how do modern political

processes take into account new state holder ship from society? technology is a common thread that we solve this together. >> what is interesting is it is ironic as the middle class expands, you glimpse into a better future that you become discontented and decide to come out and protest as was seen recently in brazil. so much of these big technological changes are leading to skewed prosperity. you are seeing such a concentration of wealth small pockets of the country across america as well. how do we deal with this skewed prosperity issue that is becoming a menace? >> most people in the auditorium know very well that the latin

americas is among the poorest region. latin america have some the highest disparities a income. the challenge with public policy of how we reinvent public policy is how to ensure that people not be left behind? how to make sure from the most humble shoe shiner in the main plaza of any town or city in latin america that liberal democracy is delivering the goods? there is a chance to continue to create prosperity. this is a challenge. it will remain there. things will increase dramatically. in some latin american countries, it'll still be an outstanding problem. >> in mexico what is surprising in talking to you, as seems like the last three administrations

have been lacking on policy with programs like the cash transfer to keep their children in school which begins a cycle of getting out of poverty. >> not only keeping the kids in school by ensuring this the conditional program in which money is given to the female head of household, conditional >> that is really critical. [laughter] [applause] men will drink the cash away. [laughter] >> she has to go to the kids to get their medical examination and vaccinations and they have enrolled inled. school with passing grades. if those conditions are not met, the money is withheld. it is been in place for five consecutive mexican administrations regardless of the party.

it has brought 40 million people -- out of extreme poverty in mexico. i think that these programs can work to a point where michael bloomberg went to mexico three years ago to see if these issues could be brought to brooklyn and queens and staten island to generate that program to create and a sense ofip. co-states holder ship in society. this brings us to very important in the the role of cities. reinvention of communities. i think that it is very fitting we are in denver that has been reinvented and has reinvented itself. cities have become the new hubs of innovation. when you see gridlock in washington, it is the mayors that is reinventing.that is

where it is happening. and it is happening not only the united states but in mexico city. there's a very interesting connection between all these issues that are playing out where the cities become the new hubs of innovation and diversity.of human talents. >> john, you are famously a very strong libertarian. what you think about that government intervention that arturo is talking about with cash transfers increasing a social policy that does keep pace? >> i am a libertarian but i am also pragmatic being an engineer. if it works, great, do it. the issue is so many government programs that do not work as become burdensome and never go away. -- icumulative buildup that d -- it governmental overheard

becomes a burden on society. it is all about education and these technologies, if they can be used to upgrade the effectiveness and efficiency of education and the quality, and the affordability, in particular, it is not just education of facts but culture of civil understanding why society is functioning. why democracy is a pretty practical way for civilization to be conducted? it seems to me that is the core benefit to lifting the entire human race. as eric pointed out, if the united states, technology does have a tendency to create massive distribution of wealth

disparities. we were speculating what the impact, how do deal with that in society? america has never been a nation --at created dynamic families. dynastic families. our tax system did not encourage it. we are encouraged to be philanthropical. i think that is a good thing. philanthropy, reinvesting in a society when the massive wealth effects take place. they are driven by scale. >> relying on philanthropy can be work.-- does not always work. america has a tremendous tradition. coming from the u.k., we do not.

i found it a little exciting and revealing when i came here with just immense generosity of this country that is unlike anything i've experienced in my country. in latin america, not a tradition of philanthropy. people do not -- they are really not that point where america is where they give away huge sums of their money. in asia, of course, not at all. in india, no tradition of philanthropy. eric, a great deal of unemployment. we talk about programs to retrain people so they learn these new skills which required the digital economy. google is never going to higher -- hire a 52-year-old man that was retrained at community college. never.

it would never happen. >> one never knows. [laughter] >> there is the beached white males. [laughter] left behind on the one hand. i canite males left behind. just see the headline. [laughter] >> i am getting my revenge because there's no other woman on the panel. [laughter] [applause] you have kids they cannot get jobs which is causing occupy wall street. this awful about this? joblessness created by the brave new world? >> let's distinguish between the developed world and developing world. in the next five years, another 5 billion of the smartphones will get in the hands of the vast majority of global citizens. in developing countries that have never had access to information, personal or political freedom, these are extraordinary devices.

for them, a step from poverty to lower middle class is a very big deal. that will drive a lot of what you will see. in the more mature economies like europe which is decided for whatever reason to not grow for the next five years -- [laughter] >> theoluntary suicide. united states that is growing, but not rowing as well as it could. each of these is dealing with the compounding demographic of automation. with the demographic, you have older people and a few young people, fewer people will support more people that need more support mathematically. with globalization, it is china that is raising prices. automation means that

the computer took the job. that is the way to complain about it. we are shifting from resources based economies to knowledge economies. in a knowledge economy, you have to have enlightened view of what a successful.-- of how you are successful. it is about education, connectivity among immigration, and the roles of women making possible for them to operate at the same level or even better. all of those had to be part of a coherent strategy. the countries they get that -- thewill growth. countries that get that right will grow. automation can occur anywhere. estonia lots of examples. turns out to be very good. israel, a very high exporter.

those are examples of countries which have decided to focus on the knowledge economy and they can be done in any of these countries. >> arturo, what do you think about immigration that is happening in washington? stalled immigration, how do look at from the latin american point >> i think very simply there is no more important structural issues in the future while being prosperity and security of the united states and getting it right. if you, the u.s., gets it right, it will have radiating effects across the americas. it's a very simple equation. you have a capitalist abundance country near labor abundant country.

there are synergies with the changing demographics and by the way, it will not be there the demographics in mexico and other places are changing profoundly. in 25 years, at the current rates of growth in countries like mexico or peru and chile or labor, for example,the that traditionally came into, for example construction in long island or vineyards in napa, it will not be there. how do you build a bridge between the largest, probably best trained labor force coming into the market in latin america and the caribbean and what will happen in 20 or 25 years with the demographics are of the americas is about the security and prosperity of our nation? i know this is very divisive and has been a toxic issue in

america, but immigrants are not as threatened to the security of the united states. [applause] >> i cannot find a reasonable rturo's position. i cannot find one. let me make my case every america takes his people from around the world and educate them in the best university in america to him and kicks them out to go to start companies that compete with us. taking jobs away. are you with me? [laughter] am i missing something? [applause] are we in agreement? >> we are in agreement. eric's point is valid. it is not only about the people that he needs and his sector, it is also about those in the central valley of california and construction companies in

upstate new york and we called the unskilled labor. there's a lot of skill. >> we call them customers. [laughter] the other logic problem i have with this is that america is growing and with the growth comes revenue growth, gdp. the government has need for taxation of all the programs. more customers, more taxpayers. what am i missing? >> there's tremendous fear that they were voicing in the house was that they are going to take american jobs. they are coming to take our jobs. >> and they are creating jobs. the economic data supports my position, the moral position. consistent with american in siliconnd strength. valley, which i know well,

40% of these startups are done by foreign-born immigrants. google was founded by foreign- born and came to the united states, peaceloving people [laughter] >> we hope. >> i am waiting for the argument. >> we are in wild agreement i don't think you'll be able to generate much controversy on the subject. john, you're been living in this region. you're the biggest land owner in the united states. what other particular properties you found in the region which has a very rich immigrant background in terms of the history? tell me what are the particular benefits for having building your business, your fortune in this region of america. how does it define what you have

done? >> being headquartered here for 40 years among it was a great central location for the communication in history-- for the communications industry nationally as it develops. it happens to be a great place for satellite transmissions because there are not as many clouds. [laughter] i think it was a great place to build a business and a great place to live, you know. i would like to get back to the immigration issue.i think the challenge is not so much mexican, hard- working people in taken jobs, but that american kids are trained and motivated to do the jobs.-- are not trained, educated, and motivated to do the jobs, ok? [applause] labor should move as capital

should -- freely to where it is most productive and most i certainly echo eric's complaints. i will tell you a story. my son got a doctorate in robotics at cornell. his lab mate was a russian kid who actually was cleared to do work on nasa projects in advance control. advanced theory sort of stuff. when he got his doctorate, he had to leave the country because he cannot a green card to stay. i asked him, what is your best a job opportunity? he said, iran. he said you may notice they have problems with the guidance on their missile system. [laughter] >> i love it. >> this behavior is suicidal. every leading politician talk to

-- you talk to agrees with that. nd yet, it has been so frustrating that for years, it has been an issue and not been resolved. hopefully, they will have the guts to get it over the finish line. >> it is almost as if it is a hopeless situation in terms of getting it done. therefore, it is putting renovation back to the city level. >> let's go back to what arturo said.he is exactly right. the engine of innovation is in the cities of the world and the states. the federal government is caught up, they cannot make any progress. you're seeing private business solutions. there are quite a few groups working on immigration with hispanic communities in parts of america. it makes good sense whether communications or so forth. from their perspective, it is one country, one language, one

culture. there is opportunity because of telecommunications. frankly, when john said about it is driving this agenda well ahead of what the politicians can do. the combination of the revolution and the internet revolution and the mobile --vices and delight and cities enlightened cities and states and entrepreneurs, with consultants probably even the government's lag. maybe it is ok. maybe we want our government to lag. do we really want them ahead of us? not have stupid rules like immigration and let us build across borders and use the best. >> it is interesting how the advent of twitter and social media how people can really voice their disagreement with the way governments do business in the same way that social media in latin america against corruption.

that accountability. >> public security. >> and for security as well. perhaps, gridlock can be undone a bit by more social media action in terms of people working in protest on issues. is there anything you think can be done? i am looking all over the world seeing these protests. wall street kind of fizzled out. -- occupy wall street kind of fizzled out. immigration is a classic issue where you technology and social media that could drive a change in policy. do you see that happening more? >> when you live in the communications world that we live in is how powerful it is. you see how important incumbency is our.

-- are. it is not a perfect system. ultimately, transparency does fix these problems. if you are a person in a developing country where you have no reason to trust the police, you are unsure if your own safety, these devices, again, are enormously empowering. if there are enough people mobilizing will in spite of the ies.umbency' -- the crime andut violence issue in latin america. we just saw the arrested this week of the brutal leader of the ang, the hideous drug cartel criminals whose trail of

terrible mayhem just makes her stand -- makes your hair stand on end. reading about decapitations and so forth. crime is such a huge issue and line america. what do you think can be done about that? in this new economy -- you have technology. you are saying technology can be very much applied to addressing the violence issue, too? >> certainly. human security or security to talk about it in a more positive light in the caribbean and latin america is one of the number one or number two issues of concern for citizens drop the region. despite the phenomenal challenges some of the country faces, i am pretty bullish as to how technology can be and is used to mobilize

we worked hand in hand with google in mexico to es that could be sent to police without leaving a trace of who was sending it. therefore, your appetite for saying, and yet, i think something is going on next door -- it was creating a confidence holding measure. colombianthe current ambassador to the united state sitting back there. look at what happened in colomb ia. same yet to violence, saying yet to paramilitary groups -- saying yet to paramilitary groups. i do think that technology groups can create a sense of ownership. look at mexico. look at to case studies area -- look at those case studies.

why el fasoeasons isin a much tighter spot because civil society stayed put. a co-stakeholder to the strategy to confront organized crime. they mobilized. worked with the private sector. they stayed and they stayed put and they created these networks for responsibility and ownership. look at what happened in warrants -- juarez. the was a huge vacuum that was , andwhere society gave up one of the things that played a ine -- what you did not see

one and did see in the other -- the use of technology. public opinion, the mobilizing of ensuring the police were straight and the municipal authorities were doing what they promised to do. i think that yes, the challenge andn is phenomenal, but some of the models we have seen develop across the region -- eric, basra has gotten a hold of this technology, too. >> this was a subject of research for a book that came out a few months ago. we went into this at some length. when you wonder around the world as we did -- the number one priority of most people, the majority of people is basically security and corruption.

all of the other conversations we are having, you cannot really withouthat conversation worrying about it. we worked to some links to provide systems that would provide anonymous reporting, but thorough tracking. it goes something like this. it turns out that in the cities that are in trouble in mexico, the local citizens know who the bad guys are. they are just afraid to tell you , because they are going to get killed. brutally, by the way. the stories are horrific. if you do a good job of anonymous reporting and responding, then you can begin to build a matrix for where the hotspots are and begin to do the kind of policing that has brought the crime rate in american cities so low. we are all familiar with that. from the perspective of financial transparency -- because almost everything is electronic now -- if you want to, you can root out most corruption.

most countries that we seem to have a problem is, political leaders have a lot more land, horses in some cases, then they are supposed to. it turns out they use their projects around the world to record all these aims on layers about google earth. you can see this stuff. ofin, building a culture transparency with respect to the action of lyrical figures. building -- of the lyrical figures to read you can build a structure. if you can get through that conversation, you can get through these things that are very important. corruption? would that prohibit you from investing in the americas? do you feel -- i mean, how much do you invest in this region? what is your experience?

do you find this lack of transparency and inhibition for investing? at investing,ok particularly and infrastructure -- and infrastructure, you have got to be reasonably comfortable you are investing in an area that is politically stable, believes in private property rights, and is not overwhelmed by corruption. you know, frankly, it is very hard to contemplate fixed investment in a place like russia today. the system of private property and the law really has not been worked out yet. you can engage that in territories like this on a do not those that require a lot of capital for a period of time. a great example for us and latin america has been our successful investment in chile where we have done communications company

investing in infrastructure for probably 15 years. very successfully. and we have really enjoyed the relationships. mexico has been a wonderful place for our directv business. it is increasingly a country in which people are comfortably making large capital investments in infrastructure. it is away from the border of mexico that it is actually doing very well. >> your support and mexico. the problem is major that probably is and inhibition, too, isn't it? >> it is great to be partners with some of these people. [laughter] i think that will change over time. that is part of the rising middle class and the

democratization of society. the thing that turned the corner in chile for that country versus places like argentina where the people who were successful in chile began to reinvest in their own country. there's been a tendency especially in latin america that when you are successful, you want to get the capital out of the country as fast as possible. and one by one, the number of latin american countries that is people with immense wealth in the countries are starting to reinvest in their own country. i think that is a great trend, particularly for latin america. the cultureu find of working with them --

>> the first clue for me is how do you borrow money in domestic current the. is there capital available domestically, right? chile, largely because they privatize domestically, the vintage for the middle class citizens that have been in that system have been very attractive. in they told a belief investment in capitalism and that makes a mistake capital , primarily to local businesses, but also to foreign investors who want to invest in infrastructure and are not willing to take the currency risk of having your investment in dollars, let's say, your income in pesos. that has been a real issue with

stability. just look at venezuela. the official exchange rate is five times higher than what you can actually trade into dollars for. rose andtin america evolves and develops a mistake capital and political stability, it is very important they keep their promise, which is the exchange ability of their currency, but they keep that open and transparent. and i think that is a great way to boost direct foreign investment, which is important. >> and there are some tectonic too.s taking place there, if you will allow me a tongue example -- there is a

coalition of the free trade willing. that wish to deepen our connectivity to the rest of the world. you look at canada and the united states and mexico and chile and rew and columbia -- olombia. and c some of us are members of a peck. the of -- negotiating with transportation partners. there is a new negotiation in the americas that is binding these able to believe in a rules-based international trading system -- i am not committing a diplomatic sand -- we all know that this is going nowhere, so if you look come of one of the new building blocks of the liberal system, that tpp on one hand and the deal

being negotiated with the european union on the other hand. these are the two egg game changers, -- the two big game changers, bringing countries together into an international system based on free and fair trade. that is based on the dynamics of corporations and businessman creating economic growth, but also the growing middle class, the greater jobs leading to exports, and this is the tidal wave that is growing in the hemisphere, which is very important. brics.focus a lot on the obviously i am a citizen of mexico and a rock 'n roll band. people say that mexico is not a member of the brics. floydsay i am a huge pink fan and mexico is more than just another bric in the wall.

[laughter] i think there are some .nteresting changes happening it is happening and it is real. >> it is interesting. actionu talk about the happening in china and asia -- i do not know if people understand what a wild success it was. how successfully it turned out to be and how this new tpp initiative has really been on the political conversation agenda. >> absolutely. how transformational can $1.2 billion a day of trade be? it is profound.

does that excite you? >> absolutely. >> what are you going to do about it? i want you to make a commitment. what are you going to do about it. that's what are you going to do about it? >> it is absolutely true. we have a trading partner that is in balance with the u.s., that is potentially an enormous source of youth and labor and isrgy, that our society desperately going to need in the future. you know, this is our future. are very, very lucky that we have a country like mexico on our border that has this youthful, energetic accusation.

frankly, round them up and send wouldome, our economy absolutely collapse. we could not function as a country without our guest workers. laying ostrich on that subject is beyond me. just to get back to immigration. [applause] eric, what are the opportunities? >> our fastest-growing region is latin america and our fastest- growing region as latin america improvedt is being very quickly. the growth of these new middle forwardcreates great revenue support. not just for google, but many companies. these are companies that really want what we have in the united states. think about the politics of the united states, hispanics

are the fastest-growing parts of the population. frankly, there is a lot of ok, let's move> onthe impact of the culture entertainment and so on. arturo, i know there are the popular tv shows and dramas that are growing and educating in a sense mexicans. isn't the number one show in lesse, right now love nob which is about the sons and daughters of oligarchs in mexico? and it is showing you how the sons and daughters of this rich, mobby family, learning how the other half lives. do you think this represents a cultural shift? >> yes, i think creative industries have always laid a role. -- played a role.

particularly as the content becomes more and more mobile. if you look at one of the great unique advantages we have is the incredible power of the culture and our creative industry. i do not have to say what it means to the united states, but think that mexico, which is the largest divider of spanish baking media content in the world, and -- finished --'s fannish speaking media content and the world. this is not only a unique narrative about our country, but it is about who we are and how we are and what we think to read but also, again, they are turning into a huge economic engine in the americas. and again,ome a -- you boil down to the issue of the cities as where all of this

engine of growth is taking place. it is a layer cake where the city as a hub of cultural innovation is playing a unique role and what i think is in international system going back to the late middle ages, early renaissance of city state. hamburg,f venice and you have new york city and london and rio and shanghai and mexico city. it is here where this is all taking place. it is culture and cultural industries and creative industries that play a unique role, not only in economic growth, but also in values and value systems and education. educating individuals and people . they become more so about what we are and what we do. >> one of the problems though in and content is how do you find the good stuff? you are drowning in its.

algorithms are constantly being invented to adapt you to do stuff that is what you want or what you are actually seeking out. but how do you find it? i think it is the flattening -- >> eric will say you google it. >> no, you are describing -- >> there are the danish drama shows that i get from netflix, right? but the only reason i know about them -- there is also a great french show that is a drama about a da and someone told me about it and i found it on net experience but that is the way i found it. i only found it because someone personally recommended it to me. i guess what i am driving at -- others to tell you things. but how do you sort the good from the bat and how do you make sure that society is not drowned in garbage? [laughter] >> a lot of people would view current television --

[laughter] threek we went from television channels to 52 500 to they arend now really our own channels. if you look at the current version of youtube, we have moved to a model where we suggest channels you might like based on what we have been able to gather about you -- >> but how do i tell you i have a thing for french dramas? or more danish dramas? you speak the language. we need to uncheck that box. click that is too high-tech for me. of the are linear rhythms. these systems are not perfect. they attempt to learn your preferences and so forth.to on your based

preferences and what others have done -- a term called associative matching -- if you like these three and a whole bunch of other people like these three, net cliques will suggest the fourth one to you, and that is a pretty good way to review. are very similar to people of the same background and education, same social -- i had a great editor who used to say "give me what i never knew i wanted." if he told me, you will like danish dramas, i would have laughed in his face. cliques that is modern serendipity. and serendipity can be programmed, too. [laughter] >> you want to take away my job now as well. all your company wants to do is take away people's jobs. [laughter]

>> there will always be people who are talented taste makers who will be needed to judge the polity of the algorithms. you have a job. >> is distribution king or is content cain? you're always having these discussions. when will it come out? first i want to say that google is probably employing some of the very brightest people in the world. trying to -- , to try to figure out how you come to the top of the list on their search, right? it is not clear how they do that. there is a little bit of magic. a little bit of serendipity. [laughter] it is based on long-term profit

maximization, i'm sure. >> that is not true. no, sir. not what we do. went deep thinker, donald rumsfeld -- [laughter] is not whattime, it you don't know. it is what you don't know that you don't know. >> i am so happy. >> it is somewhat circular. at the end of the day, the entertainment business is all content.fiden -- that is always the king. whate contents come out people want to have access to in the entertainment sphere, so listsbution is just in efforts to do a better job, a more efficient job of connecting

people to what they want. who doesr is the guy that most efficiently and effectively. critics what do you feel about the unbundling -- >> what to feel about the unbundling of cable channels, john? my concern is that quality istent, you know -- if it unbundled from sport and sex, let's face it, no one is going to tune in. you are collapsing. know, politicians have suggested are is a political ,olution to this bundling thing where you've got to buy the whole thing or you can have any of it. in the control of the content owners, not the distributors. i actually think ultimately technology, rather than empower

folks, will be the solution to that, because the poll will have random access to what they do want and will selectively by what they do want and avoid that has apackage lot of cost burden of things they do not want. society is way too competitive to allow this to persist.aly that would be my guess. >> what i find interesting about latin america and how they are leaping ahead with technology is they will be over phases we have been through because they did not have it. so a lot of people have gone straight to mobile. they do not have personal computers or laptops. they just go straight to mobile. what is that going to do for innovations in technology? that in manyut

countries building the traditional infrastructure is impossible for the reasons john mentioned. 4gople are skipping to 3g and networks. if you look at countries, even if there countries, or is a profitable business, it is the telecommunications carrier. the only legitimate business in somalia is telecommunications. i'm actually serious. i want to comment a little bit about this content conversation we were having earlier. engineerginally as an naïvely assumed hollywood did not fully find all the talented people. in other words if we could wire the world with the internet, all of these incredibly creative people sitting in strange places would just show up one day. indeed there was evidence that that was true.

it looks like hollywood is -- i am using that as a metaphor for the professional world -- has done a remarkably good job of finding that talent and getting them and finding them. so we should respect what they have accomplished. at what we're seeing now is very interesting. we are seeing the next and duration of hollywood studios producing over the internet. i would expect the same phenomena to occur in all of america's countries. but it is so inexpensive to reduce a quality show for youtube, facebook via, and so forth. he coststo lower -- are lower. you can produce more stuff. it is more competitive. we are seeing a generational shift. that is important for the business models. if you are producing more content that is more professional in many ways, different access points, a lot of them. there were earlier questions

about duration -- curation.>> also violence and>> -- about curation. theet me get back to question of technology in latin america and leapfrogging. some of these platforms are in,g used not only to plug but they are used for backward his age and of immunities that have never had a bank, have never had a banking culture in their lives. it is being used to provide the via the to pay someone device. you are not only leapfrogging certain aspects of what happened in other economies and markets, but it is being sped up because orthe usage beyond talking

looking at the internet or calling someone. >> it is remarkable actually, what that has achieved. an enormous amount of this content has done terrible things to the actual artists, writers, and musicians who are reducing it. it because they have never felt poor were right now than they do. at they are writing so much less -- magazines and publishing and so forth. the writers cannot get paid anything like they used to be paid. filmmakers find they cannot get paid what they used to be paid. it is a tremendous hardship, actually and me areas of creating creative intellectual contents. have you feel about that, eric? -- >> it is a serious issue. what is most at threat is investigative reporting at

newspapers. wheres an area philanthropists have tried to fund some of it. the core issue is the economics of when the internet arrives in town, if straightens out the economics of some industries. over time, the internet will drive people to want a choice. they will not necessarily want a bundle. they will want pieces as well as the bundle. you are going to see that in many industries. the problem with the internet is we have not been able to get replace the modernization in the old model by the new model. >we have been working hard at i. >> the writers are waiting for the oasis. it has been years now. >> there are three interesting success stories. one is yours. >> thank you.

>> she is one of the success stories. huffington post -- huffington post and the other is politico. a combination of clever editing and advertising, targeted demographics, and special tactics worked to disrupt the incumbent. there are some other success models. the other example is in magazines. there was tremendous concern in magazines would go away. when the ipod showed up, there was modernization for magazines that was good. general -- specialized magazines on the ipod do extremely well. we are in a technological transition driven by consumer behavior. we have not fully replaced the monetization.-- there are new voices. they will continue in some form. >> we are nearing the end of our

time. this has been a vibrant discussion. wanted to ask each of our panelists if there was a single initiative for partnership or art reached they would like to in after the conference terms of an idea about this region. what would you like to see happen in terms of using the opportunities of the americas ?nd expanding great news >> i would like to see everybody sign up for the cato institute and libertarian society. [laughter] >> what a scary idea. [laughter] >> evolved political system. >> believe that on the table. -- we will leave that on the table. ofyou could imagine a set

treaties between the americas which would harmonize the trading rules, the access, the ways in which capital flows consistent with what john was saying earlier. it is worth trying to figure out what those are. perhaps the ambassador has a better idea of what is needed. these are friendly markets of compatible people. there is a lot of common language. there are good political and business reasons to do it. we are stronger with strong economics. we're weaker with bad economics. the problem in the country's in trouble will affect us because the problems of societal unrest in those countries will spill over into the stable partners we need. it is interesting you picked chile, a stable country, but not its neighbors. we need them to be stable. >> i think you are right.

i think the future lies in understanding that despite the pivot to asia and attention being brought to bear on china and the huge market and challenges and opportunities it brings, the americas are unique. there is a set of common values that binds the americas together. human capital is our most important asset. diversity of that human capital, i was born in mexico. i am half armenian and have catalonia in. i now live in the united states. this human capital we have in the americas compliments one another. this is the future promise of this hemisphere. that is what we have to bind together whether it is through the expanded trade agreement that will bind the countries that believe in the course set of values. it is providing the issues not

been on the table with nafta in 1993 which we knew with the real the negotiations, we both knew those things with torpedo everything so we left them on the table. what a surprise. 20 years after, we are back to energy and labour mobility. these two issues can have a profound impact on the hemisphere's ability to grow and create a greater sense of community, which i think is the huge asset of the americas, especially when you look at europe and asia pacific. go to the love now to audience. [laughter] [applause] who would like to have the first

question? over there. yourself and where you are from. do you have a microphone? >> [indiscernible] there has been a lot of talk and activity [indiscernible] [indiscernible] always listening [indiscernible] what is going to happen [indiscernible] >> a good question. what is going to happen to privacy? youre specific answer to question with the devices you

are describing is that the button.have an off the general question of privacy is more complicated. these tools and technologies naturally aggregate data in the normal course of business. everyone here has a mobile phone. by definition, that means everyone's telco operation knows exactly where you are. we accept that because it is regulated. it has not been misused and so forth. i think you will see a set of privacy rules about that kind of data which will initially be voluntary and may eventually be forced on people. >> this lady. could you address how environmental challenges like climate change will impact but also of our

health? canada.ould talk about climate change affects the polls more than it affects the equator for various physical reasons. there are extraordinary changes going on in the northern part of canada, especially with the melting of the polar ice cap. effects a deleterious on wildlife. it is also an opportunity for new revenue and shipping and so forth. >> i think it is irrelevant question. five of the largest by a diverse countries on the face of the earth are in the americas. the capital that provides the americas is huge. there are also significant challenges. think of the caribbean nations.

a rise in sea levels is not an issue of climate change. it is an issue of national security and survival of the nation's state in the caribbean. imagine not be hard to a huge demographic displacements as a result of climate change in the americas of migration that has nothing to do with the economy or whether a job can be had on the other side of the border, but could be linked to profound climatic changes that have created everything from landslides to hurricanes. we have to start thinking of some of these challenges throughout the americas, especially because of the huge natural wealth the nations have. five of the most biodiverse countries on the face of the earth are in the americas. >> clearly we're undergoing climate change. this will put pressure on lots .f economic systems

water for agriculture and the impact on health. the expansion of vectors of areas torom isolated moderate climates. we are seeing that, the plant-ng of various .nfecting funguses and viruses this is all something happening. our ability to slow it down or reverse it is in some question. certainly it is going to put pressure on mankind to adapt to it and deal with it and slow it down where possible. i think that is sort of the phenomenon we are experiencing right now. it will have substantial impact on business systems.

just health care alone is going .o be substantially affected as water supplies disappear, it is going to put a lot of pressure on food supplies. just the. deterioration of the quality of the soils in the world, which now have less than half of the organic matter they had 100 speaks to productivity of the agricultural sector going forward. there are lots of problems. hopefully, technology will provide answers to some of these problems. >> ok. >> thank you. i am patricia. welcome to denver. a question for you. one woman and three men on the panel.

to ask you a question. what do you think in terms of women's role in terms of unleashing the human potential for our world? >> i think we are on the cusp of the tipping point in a big global women's movement i am seeing everywhere, actually. are fruits in a sense of many things. what hillary clinton has done in the state department has been far more influential than people understood while she was in that position. has used the bully pulpit in a sense in every trip she has made in the last four years to talk about the empowerment of women, to discuss the environment of women as a focus for everybody. that is what we're seeing now in many countries. we're seeing a lot of incredible energy coming out of africa and

brazil. you are seeing house social media is changing the game for like domestics violence. there is not a convenient power so in places like india where you saw the huge outcry over the rate that brought people into the streets, that would not have happened before. people in india are motivated and the 19. vowinge rallying -- that this will change. we are seeing an exciting moment for women. a great growth area and huge commercial opportunity. it is interesting how it has been ignored as a sector for so long. called ay, you feel is woman's issue. they are not women's issues. it is about economic issues. it is about growth issues, gdp issues. a good job ofne

reframing that discussion. we are ignoring half of the market. unleashing the power of women is a game changer internationally. it is an exciting moment for women. i am glad i am a woman. i do not mind being the only woman up here. any other questions? over here. >> fred taylor, a denver, colorado. thank you. it has been fascinating. we have been talking about technological revolution. it will be led by the next generation younger than you and me. you talked about the best and brightest and people you see all the time. what are american universities doing right and wrong to educate the next generation? top 20 world research universities are in america. it is fair to say the universities as a group are producing outstanding at the

elite level. the community college system needs a lot of work. it is under-funded. it provides tremendous needed educational services that are ignored and under-valued, in my opinion. the core problem in america is not a college system, which is highly competitive from a nationally ranked. you know where you are. reasonably well funded. the real problem is k through 12. that is something where we will have a whole afternoon in this session about later on thursday or friday. i would suggest you participate in that. the other problems are endemic , unions, culturae management, etc. denverave a program in thanks to our now governor and

denvermayor called school of science and technology, which is a public- private effort charter school funded similarly to the rest of the public-school education. it is aimed at the inner city youth of denver. the results are nothing short of staggering in terms of the quality of the education been , theded and the results graduation rates, the college admission rates. i saw the other day that 92% of the kids that enter the program are still in college a year after admission. about 80% of them, they are the first person in their family to go to college. the results are there. problem.olvable

most of these kids choose science or technology as a career path where they are able to find good employment after college. aboutwere talking earlier the question of global competitiveness. i think all of us would agree free trade within the americas is a huge improvement. the court issue we will face globally is the asian models are producing more technically trained adults. not, ityou like it or is a fact that on a percentage and absolute basis, they are producing a very large number of scientists and engineers. if that continues and we do not address it through greater productivity and creativity, all the things we care about, they will start becoming over decades, places where innovation occurs as opposed to hear.

that is a disaster for the american model. to end.is a good place thing to take away much of this excitement and energy is coming from urban environments like denver with mixes of culture and entertainment. this is what we will be talking more about the next two days. i want to thank you all for coming in most of all our panelists. [applause] >> live pictures from the pentagon where we are awaiting

remarks from defense secretary chuck hagel. he will be briefing with china 's defense minister at the pentagon. we expect to get underway in just a moment. live coverage on c-span.

from are awaiting remarks defense secretary chuck hagel. he is holding a briefing this afternoon with china's defense minister at the pentagon. it should get underway in a couple of minutes. we will have that live for you when it does start on c-span. earlier today, we spoke with a reporter looking at the president's upcoming tour through new york and pennsylvania. >> i want to go over a bit of the president's schedule this week. to do that, we're joined by the deputy white house editor for politico. thank you for joining us this morning. start us off with the bus tour. it is to be part of the middle push the president is doing focused on higher education issues, but obviously going to talk about other issues as well. guest: that is right.

it has been pushing the president's agenda ahead of the budget showdown. particular swing will be focused on college costs. it will take him to south and upstate new york. he is also going to visit vice- president biden's home town in pennsylvania on friday. host: talk about some of the other stops he has made. he has made other proposals already, including one on corporate tax reform for stimulus dollars. where has that gone? where have the other proposals gone? has taken himur across the country including tennessee and arizona. we've seen a mix of white house agenda with a his bit of new proposals. they take the form of executive

actions the president can take on his own without congressional approval. others are proposals he is running by congress but not expecting action. these cover the full spectrum of the economic agenda including health care spending, student loans. the phoenix stock was focused on home cost issues. a different array of issues tied up in this. how important is this time for the president. and congress is away from washington. members are in their home districts. what can he do having the stage to himself in d.c.? usual trendis the for the president over the summer time. his approval ratings have stepped over the course of the

summer. that is not unusual for the president. at this moment, he sort of has the stage to himself. it is hard to overstate the importance of framing the message. we have seen the polls over the summer. when it comes to the budget showdown, the president does retain an advantage. it is important for the white house to hold on to disadvantaged ahead of the fight with congressional republicans. negotiations will continue over the budget. the debt ceiling showdown is something the white house is firm on. host: before we let you go, give us the latest on the white house and situation in egypt. the president interrupting his vacation. the only public statement he gave was about the situation in egypt being out of control. we're seeing the white house

with no good options for the president at the moment. increasing congressional pressure. there is pressure to cut off aid to egypt entirely. we're seeing the cancellation of the military exercises. it is an important symbolic move. the apache helicopter shipment is another element in the balance of the moment. not necessarily expecting dramatic moves from the white house. at the same time, continued to see these messages being sent to egypt. host: thank you were getting up with us this morning on "the washington journal." >> live pictures from the pentagon where the media is gathered to hear defense secretary chuck hagel. he is holding a joint meeting with china's defense minister this afternoon. we expected to start any moment. this is live coverage on c-span.

>> good afternoon. today, i am pleased to welcome the defense general to the pentagon. speaking another language] >> we just finished a productive meeting where i restated the united states is committed to building a positive and constructive relationship with china. >> [speaking another language] >> the china-u.s. relationship is important for stability and andrity in the asia-pacific

achieving security and prosperity for our nations and the 21st century. >> [speaking another language] >> one of the things we emphasized today was that a sustained military to military relationship is an important pillar of this strong bilateral relationship. >> [speaking another language] >> the united states welcomes and supports the rise of a prosperous and responsible china that helps regional and global progress. language]ng another

our goal is to build trust between our militaries through cooperation. the united states has invited for the first time the pla navy to join our multilateral naval exercises that will take place next year. ]> [speaking another language >> this morning, we have affirmed we will continue expanding our defense exchanges and joint exercises. earlier this summer for the first time, chinese midshipman joined in a multinational exchange program at the u.s.

naval academy in annapolis. >> [speaking another language] working, our military group is meeting in hawaii to discuss humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. language]ng another >> this weekend, our navy's will conduct another counter-piracy

exercise of building on the first ever joint counter-piracy exercise held last year. language]ng another >> the journal brought up two of to initiatives proposed president obama at the summit in june. one is a way to notify each other of major military activities. the second is rules of behavior for military air and naval activities. language]ng another

>> i welcomed this discussion transparency we have had is important to reducing the risk of miscalculation and avoiding and tension and conflict. our staff are exploring those and will continue to discuss them. speaking another language]

>> general chang and i have both welcomed the recent establishment of the new cyber working group as a venue of addressing issues of mutual concern in the area of cyber. >> [speaking another language] >> we discussed a number of regional security issues as well, including north korea, the east china sea, the south china sea. i reaffirmed a longstanding u.s. policy is on these issues. -- policies on these issues. speaking another language]

competingspect to maritime claims, i noted while the united states does not take a position on sovereignty in these cases, we do have an interest in the claims being resolved peacefully without coercion. speaking another language] i affirmedral and the importance of maintaining open channels of communication and we agreed it is important to continue high-level visits such as general dempsey's visit to

china earlier this year. --[speaking of of a language speaking another language] >> general odierno and general welch will visit china later wus year and pla commander will visit the united states. general dempsey offered to host his counterpart for a visit to the united states next year. language]ng another

>> in our meeting this morning, chang invited me to visit china next year. i enthusiastically accepted. i look forward to meeting with them again next week as part of my trip to southeast asia. language]ng another also visit malaysia,

indonesia, and the philippines on this trip. chang for ask general his comments before we take questions from all of you. thank you. ]> [speaking another language >> thank you. friends in the press, good afternoon. language]ng another at the invitation of secretary hazel, i am leading the senior military delegation from the people's liberation army to visit the united states bringing friendship from the chinese people and the chinese military. language]ng another

>> the purpose of my visit is to implement the important consensus reached by our president and president obama of building a new model relationship based on mutual respect and cooperation to better increase mutual understanding to enhance mutual trust, to promote mutual cooperation, and to push forward the sound and stable development of our national and military relations. language]ng another

>> in the past few days, we have northcom and norad. were well received and received hospitality from the american people and officers and soldiers of the u.s. military. let me say thank you on behalf of all of my colleagues. >> [speaking another language. ] >> this morning, secretary hagel and i had a candid exchange of views over our national and military relations, international and regional security issues, and other

issues of common concern. we reached some agreement. language]ng another >> we both agreed our military to military relationship is an important component of our bilateral relations and it is gaining the momentum. we both agreed to earnestly implement the important consensus reached by the two presidents during their summit, to work together to strengthen our military relationship and attempt to elevate it to new heights. speaking another language]

>> we both agreed to continue to strengthen our high level visits, deep in our consultations and dialogues to increase mutual trust, specifically the u.s. welcomes the visit by the pla chief of general staff in 2013. china welcomed the visit of the secretary of defense and chief of naval operations in 2014. language]ng another

>> secretary hagel and i agreed to set up an exchange mechanism between the pla strategic planning department and the u.s. joint chiefs of staff. we also agreed to make use of mechanisms such as defense calls a day of talks, military and maritime agreements, to actively notification for major military activities and continued to study the rules of behavior on military and maritime activities. language]ng another

the chineseelieve and u.s. military's have an increasingly important possibility to maintain peace in the asia-pacific region. both sides agree to play a constructive role in regional affairs promoting positive interaction between the two militaries in this region. we also agreed to strengthen coordination and cooperation under the asia-pacific multilateral dialogue and frameworks. china will participate in the ring of pacific exercise in 2014 as invited. speaking another language]

that the in agreement two military's share common interests and foundation for cooperation in non-traditional security areas. we both agreed to further enhance exchanges and cooperation in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, counter-terrorism, diplomacy, and peacekeeping. conduct theirmed to

first china-u.s. humanitarian assistance and humanitarian relief exercises with active forces in hawaii this november. we also agreed to have an exploratory discussion on logistics issues in support of non-traditional security missions later this year prepare -- later this year. speaking another language] >> we both agreed to further deepen military cooperations setting up an archive mechanism in which both sides can build upon the existing cooperation to search for those missing in action and strengthen anti-way exchange of military-related archives and materials.

speaking another language] >> at present, the china-u.s. relationship is in a new historical era, building a new model of china-u.s. military relationship can help us to increase strategic trust to reduce strategic risks and maintain world peace and regional stability. china is ready to work with the u.s. to seriously implemented our important consensus, to raise our relationship to a new height by strengthening our dialogue, communication, and

tactical cooperation, and to properly handle our disputes and differences. thank you. move toll now questions. there will be two per side. we will pause for translation after each question. [speaking another language] >> we will start with the associated press. >> [speaking another language] >> the u.s. has spoken recently about pivoting to asia. i wonder if you see the justification for a larger u.s. presence in the asia-pacific. do you see evidence of that yet? do you think it is helpful or harmful that the u.s. is trying to increase its influence in the region? the question on secretary in a goat on egypt -- the question

for secretary hagel on egypt. given what transpired the last several days, do you feel your message fell on deaf ears? what is the way ahead? do you need to cut off military to military relations? do you stop arms transfers? are you concerned by the safety of u.s. military personnel in the sinai where there has been a lot of violence lately? thank you. ]> [speaking another language

]speaking another language >> [speaking another language]

>> regarding the u.s.-asia- pacific strategy, i would first like to make a point by quoting the chairman of the people's republic of china. he used to say the pacific was wide enough to accommodate two great countries, china and the united states. language]ng another >> it is always the chinese position to welcome the u.s. to play a constructive role in the asia-pacific. speaking another language] >> we also noted the u.s.

that the many times u.s. strategy is a comprehensive one incorporating areas such as economics, social, and also including military. language]ng another >> it is also worth noting asia/pacific and asians have no to the military aspect has been highlighted in this comprehensive strategy. language]ng another >> including to strengthen the military deployment in the region.

enhancing the u.s. alignments in this region by conducting -- joint military exercises. language]ng another theould also noticed frequency and intensity of the joint military exercises are increasing at the present time. [speaking another language] >> from a certain degree, this kind intensified military complicatedurther the situation in the region. [speaking another language] >> china is a piece-loving loving nation.e-

this strategy does not target a specific country in the region. the development of china is not only conducive to our own country, to the entire region, but also to the united states. [speaking another language] together with all the asia-pacific countries, regional countries, including the united , is a common aspiration

es that wethe country'i wish to have peace in the region. therefore, it is our hope that this rebalancing strategy is a constructive one that could help the peace and stability in the region. on the other hand, we would like to have this rebalancing strategy balanced on different countries as well. rebalancing is to reach balance. it would be a balancing strategy if such factors are

taken into consideration. what is the most important is china is ready to work with the united states to maintain regional peace and stability. yes, i have had many phone assissi theeneral last five weeks, but so have all of our national security team been involved in working with the egyptians on dealing with this issue. because we have all consistently framed the same message. >> [speaking another language]

>> as president obama said last .eek, the violence must end the national emergency lifted. the interim government of egypt must get back to an inclusive approach to reconciliation in egypt. all of us have consistently said that. >> [speaking another language]

states has a longstanding relationship with egypt. that is based on our respect for the people of egypt, the country of egypt. , clearly, inests the middle east. interests that include a and hopefully -- that includes hopefully development towards a palestinian-israeli settlement. we continue to work with the egyptian interim government as well as the egyptian military. yes, we are concerned about our americans, all americans in egypt.

language]ng another >> protection of americans in egypt, not only of our diplomats but all americans, is of the highest priority. all of the american government officials including the military

have been working closely with the egyptian military and police to assure the security and protection of americans in egypt and will continue to do that. speaking another language] >> [indiscernible] .eacekeeping force >> as president obama has said, we are reviewing every aspect of our relationship with egypt. speaking another language]

you.ank language]ng another [speaking another language] >> my question goes to general chang. you just mentioned many times between theeting president's where the two presidents agreed to build a new model of bilateral relationship. at the same time, the chinese president proposed to build a new model of military relationship in accordance to the bilateral relationship. my question is, what is the concept of this new model of military relationship?

>> thank you for your question. >> [speaking another language] >> we all know the president summarized in three points the new model of this major relationship between china and the united states. no confrontation, and respect each other towards when win cooperation. cooperation. >> [speaking another language] >> we believe a new model of military relationship in accordance with the new model of bilateral relationship, some is and is not in this concept.

firstly, it is a relationship in which both sides respect the other side. it is not a relationship dominanted by either side. but both sides respect the concerns, paying attention to the comfort level, not imposing one's will on the other or gaining one's own interests at the expense of interest on the other. a relationship of cooperation. it is not a relationship of antagonism.

work hard to expand our mutual interest and areas of cooperation to take measures to effectively manage our risks to were the ultimate goal of cooperation to avoid the trap. the relationship of mutual trust is not one of mutual suspicion. both sides view each other's strategic intention in an objective manner to push forward those mechanisms that help mutual trust to refrain from actions that could pose negative affect on mutual trust, not to

make unwarranted accusations and to reduce missed perception and miscalculations. --this perception misperception and miscalculations. a healthy and mature military to military relationship should be a balanced one. in order to build a new model we need more substantive exchanges in areas and more practical cooperation and more diversified forms. a relationship of openness

and inclusiveness, not a relationship of explosives is our selfishness. of exclusiveness or selfishness. while working to ensure the stability of china/u.s. relationships, it is imperative to work with our other international community members to strengthen cooperation to maintain strategic balance and stability of the world and in particular of the asia-pacific region. i am not sure if i made my point clearer not. thank you. -- clear or not. thank you. [speaking another language]

[laughter] you spoke today of mutual trust. there are persistent reports that the chinese government and military have launched cyber attacks against u.s. government .argets and interests what is your response to those reports? given the fact that this cyber working group has been put together, what steps are the tonese willing to take restore the kind of faith and confidence between the chinese on that front and reduce the potential to river in the cyber where fair -- warfare. secretary, your

own personal efforts, the bloodshed today in egypt continues. it appears to be a further blow to democracy. there are reports the government is prepared to release the convicted warmer president who was named bart -- hosni mubarak from prison. they have pledged to make up any shortfalls that the egyptians may run into it the u.s. cuts that any further aid. one housekeeping measure. is the u.s. prepared to cancel or at least hope postpone the military helicopters to egypt? [speaking another language]

>> the are trying to complete our exterior missions regarding questions. as we know, cyber is completely a new domain. cybersecurity has been a worldwide difficulty. it is always the chinese

government's position to take peaceful use of cyberspace. we oppose having any kind of arms race in the cyber domain. taking use of information and technology to conduct any kind of operation and hostility toward another party in the domain. we oppose taking advantage of the information, technological advantage to weaken other sovereign control in

this domain. we are opposed to taking any type of denver's -- double standard in this domain. china is one of the primary victims from hacker attacks in the world. we are facing severe threats coming from those cyber attacks. -- chinese government us consistently cracks down on cyber crimes according to our laws. chinese military has never supported any form of hacker activities.

regarding how to solve the cybersecurity issue, i believe it requires the common cooperation between china and the united states. i believe that secretary hagel touched upon this issue in his toarks that we will work cooperate to try to solve this issue. >> i do not know about the mubarak report. i am not aware of it.

i cannot help you. saudi arabia, as you know kuwait announced a few weeks ago committed to a considerable amount of assistance to egypt. of your question regarding saudi arabia i do not know. your question regarding cancellation of apache parks, we or other are reviewing all aspects of our relationship. is the u.s. powerless to effect any change, to bring an end to the bloodshed in egypt right now? why not answer the calls from capitol hill question mark pull all the eight out. not cooperating at

any level? >> there is not a consistent call from capitol hill one way or another. we havethe point, serious interest in egypt. this is a very complicated problem. we try to help as much as we can. we help to facilitate a stop the violence. to influence the outcome in egypt is limited. it is up to the egyptian people. ,nd are a large, great sovereign nation. it will be their responsibility to sort this out.

all nations are limited in their influence in another nation's internal issues. i do not think the united states is without his influence. that has to be a collaborative effort focused on what the egyptian people want, supporting the egyptian people. that should come as an efforts to have them included. >> >> ok.

[speaking another language]

[speaking another language]

>> you did that exactly right. i didn't realize i spoke that long.

[speaking another language] >> i have two questions respectively. general, how do you see the asiat ages as if it -- pacific situation and the the u.s.hip between military in the asia-pacific? secretary hagel, would you like to elaborate a little on what substantive steps the u.s. should take in building such new model of relationships?

[speaking another language] pressnderstand our friend concerns. it is also one of our major concerns. the regional security situation is closely linked to the overall keys and stability in the world. i have several points to make.

the situation in asia-pacific is generally stable. there remains some sensitive issues on how they are heating while some other issues are getting even more sensitive. and proper handling of these issues could lead to a severe impact on the overall security situation in the region. >> [speaking another language] >> secondly, the chinese people

have their level of keys. defender oftaunch the peace and stability in the asia-pacific. we always insist that disputes be set or dialogue and negotiation. no one should they decide that would give away our core interests. no one should underestimate our will and determination and defending our sovereignty and maritime rights.

thirdly, the asia-pacific is our common homeland. they should make positive and constructive efforts for promoting regional peace and stability. any action that leads to trouble any unwantedn, will further complicate or magnified the situation. it will not lead to a favorable result. >> [speaking another language] >> just as i mentioned that we believe he's is the essence of

the pacific, the ocean of these, it it is balance. for any country to make a strategic readjustment it is imperative to take regional mind ofd security in balance the security concerns of different regional countries. >> [speaking another language] >> the asia-pacific is a place where it is intertwined the most and were china and the united states interact most frequently. huge space and potential for cooperation in this region.

the people's liberation army is ready to work with the u.s. military by strengthening our coordination and cooperation to pay more to the prosperity. winky. -- thank you. >> regarding new models for our two countries, specifically military to military relationships, let me begin this way. i believe it is fundamental to the efforts that are underway as we have both noted in president xi and obama have made when it comes to transparency for understanding each other's

better than we have in the past. >> [speaking another language] >> to carry forward the facilitation of these efforts .equire institutions

institutions of common interests like what he talked about this morning in his opening statement as well as some of these pacific items that i addressed. working groups for every general area are a challenge. leadershipl exchanges, which i noted a number in my remark as did the general, those are the forms that you build in order to address the great challenges and issues and differences between our countries. that is what we are doing. [speaking another language]

>> thank you. thank you, all. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013]

>> by to today's white house briefing. josh earnest got this started about 10 minutes ago. >> i will try to define it. let me start here. that the two criteria president and other senior administration officials are using to evaluate the ongoing provision of assistance to the egyptian government. the first is evaluating what is in the best interest of the united states of america. that is how the president makes all policy decisions. consideringne is our obligations under the law. that is section 7008 of the

annual the part meant act. this administration of course will make these decisions to ensure whatever assistance is being provided in the context 70 08.fines of section >> what about the bigger picture? is there no concern that this would prompt the generals to lower their levels of protection? i would characterize the relationship between the united states and egypt as an important one beyond the financial cooperation that we have with the egyptian military. there is a relationship that extends to economic support and to thec assistance

egyptian government. there are issues related to international monetary fund --istant they are seeking assistance they are seeking. there are also issues related to tourism. , that has a significant impact on the egyptian economy. this is a multifaceted relationship we have with egypt. we value that. it is fair to say the egyptian government does as well. what impact would changing our posture, providing assistance to the egyptian have on the situation? i can tell you that is something we are evaluating on an ongoing basis. that is the purpose of these views, to determine what impact it would have on our national

security. is it going to get us closer to seeing the kind of outcome in egypt we would like to see? the prompt return to a democratically elected civilian government in egypt. is being conducted on an ongoing basis and being influenced by the day-to-day decisions by the leaders in egypt. the egyptian about legal matter. morsi have politically motivated intentions. given the white house is never been shy about policies overseas, to have any concerns about this? this was a decision made by the british government and not one made by the involvement of the

united states government. even not going to go as far as wrong or cause for concern. it is not without the involvement and not at the request of the united states government. it is as simple as that. the u.s. government expect to be briefed on those questioning that took place in london or the information that was taken away? to be honest with you, i do not have a way to characterize for you any of the conversations between the british and u.s. government on this matter other than to say that this is a decision they not at their own and request of the united states. in terms of the kind of

confidential conversations that are ongoing between the u.s. and our allies in britain, i am not able to characterize that for you. am not able to provide any insight into this. the interim government in egypt says that what they are doing is controlling terrorism. that is their line. they are very forceful about that. come outd states has said tha against attacks on peaceful protests. does the united states believe that the people who have been killed in egypt for the most part are terrorist and that those people who are protesting usefully in the squares of egypt are terrorists? >> what you're asking is a pretty broad question. we are talking about a large

number of people in a large country under a lot of circumstances. what we have concluded is that there are, it is evident that a large number of people that were peaceful protesters were the victims of violence that was perpetrated by the interim government in egypt. it is something that we have strongly condemned. it is something that the president himself has condemned. it is not in line with the commitment was made by the interim government in egypt to transition back to a democratically elected civilian government. it is not reflected their commitment to begin an inclusive process to transition back to that democratically elected civilian government. there are a number of actions that have been taken that have aroused the concern of people in the united states and all around the world because of their refusal, or failure at least, to respect of basic human rights of their people.

>> among those who have been killed, you're saying it is a complicated issue. >> you're asking me to characterize thousands of people who have been the victim of violence. i'm not in a position to do that. iswhat they are doing sarrying out violent act against terrorists. do you agree with that? >> what we are concerned about are the instances in which the basic human rights of some egyptian all happened so obviously in previously violated, in some cases costing the civilians their lives. up to thenot live promise that was made by the interim government to transition back to a democratically elect this civilian government through an inclusive process. the imposition of a state of

emergency is certainly not in line with a commitment to holding and protect and those -- protecting those basic human rights. >> besides the military there's also economic aid. theycan you tell us that are withholding? >> there has been no decision made to withhold any aid outside of the example i cited for you earlier as well as the joint military exercise at the residence announced on thursday. -- that the president announced on thursday. they are going through the same criteria. and a determination about the national security interest of the united states of america. that is being similarly evaluated but no decisions have been made at that time. >> can you state with authority

that the u.s. government has not obtained materials? i am not in a position to the to you about conversations between british law enforcement officials and american law enforcement of the shells. >> i am not in a position to do this. >> you do not condemn the detention. is the president pleased that he was detained? >> this is a law enforcement action that was taken by the british government. this is something they did independent of our direction. as you would expect, the british government will make law enforcement decisions in the best interest of their country. >> was the white house given a heads up in advance? heads upwas a provided by the british government.

this is something that we had an indication that was likely to occur. it is not something that we have requested. it is something that was done british law by the enforcement officials. tois it at all concerning the president, this nine-hour detention? --this is an end of pendant independent law enforcement decision that was made. there has been a question by some that this is an effort to intimidate journalists. a have been undergoing pretty rigorous debate on a range of issues related to an independent media, independent journalists covering national security roles, questions about leaks andecurity

other classified or confidential information and policy. the president in the course of that debate has made pretty supports port for -- for independent journalists, the important role they have to play in a vibrant democratic society like ours. he is also talked about the responsibility of the government to protect the rights of them to do their job. that is something the president feels strongly about and has spoken candidly about in the past. if you have specific questions about this law enforcement decision made by the british government, you should drag your question to my friends over there. >> how angry is the president with the saudi's for their assurance that this will make up any aides the president might pull from egypt? >> i have not seen that announcement. all i can say is i would refer

you back to the question or exchange that bill and i had. there is an important bunk standing relationship between the united date and the egyptians. not just the two governments but also the people of the two countries. we takea relationship very seriously. it is why part of that relationship involves a to that country. that is in the pipeline for us to move forward is something that is under review. it will be evaluated in the context of additional ejections -- decisions that are made by the egyptian government. >> why was the united states given a heads up? >> it was provided by the british government. >> was is given before he was -- was this given before he was detained? >> it is fair to say they were

going to do this when they saw he was on the manifest. >> i think that is an accurate interpretation of a heads up. >> is this judgment on some sort of watchlist for the united dates? >> you would have to check with the tsa. they maintain the watchlist. >> if he is on a watchlist for the uk, is it safe to assume that he has been put on a watchlist for the united states? >> the level of coordination between counterterrorism and law enforcement officials in the uk in the united states is good. in terms of who is on different actionsts and how our and their actions are coordinated is not something i am in a position to talk about. >> when given a heads up did the united aides express any hesitancy about what the uk was doing? >> this is the british government making a government

about british law on british soil about a british law enforcement decision. they gave us a heads up. this is something they did not do in our direction. it is not something that we were involved with. this is a decision they made on their own. characterizeg to the conversations between law enforcement in this country and their other than to say the conversations occurred -- there other than to say the conversations occurred and it is a decision they made on their own. >> i think it is fair for you to determine that those kind of conversations are not ones that we're going to talk about in public. >> is it fair to characterize the president is considering it part ofcalling the aid review process? >> no. >> you will never referred to

as a coup? >> it is not in the best interest of the u.s. to to reach a determination on the two. -- the coup. we will evaluate our assistance to the egyptians based on the two criteria they have laid out. the law and section 008 and the president's assessment about the national security interest of the united states. >> is there any inc. a need congress -- anything they need congress to legislate? >> that is a question that i would encourage you to direct to our professionals who may be able to express that to you. is there a certain amount of time that president morsi is in custody that changes the equation? you talked about strongly condemning. why not connect in action saying you had 10 days to

release something or this happens? why not be decision to do something like that? >> we have spoken out in pretty clear terms about these politically motivated intentions. >> strongly worded letters and press releases. >> and conversations and the reviewtion that we will our assistance to the egyptian government and might of their conduct. announcementsew .bout that to make they canceled the military operation and a decision about the delivery of f-16s. there have been some consequences and decisions that have been made. there's nothing to report at this time. it is fair for you to understand and for your viewers to understand that these conversations between senior ianma officials and egypt

officials are ongoing. and the failure of the government to live up to their promise of leading back. will it help give them security if there is fear that his life is in danger? >> i'm not aware of anything like that. >> to what degree was a heads up given to the interim government prior to the disk vision -- the decision last month? there is an open line of to intation -- of communication

the united states and their counterparts in the egyptian government. if we are going to make a decision my canceling an exercise, it would make sense that it will be provided to the other half of the joint. >> to what degree were they prepared to participate in the bright star games before the president made the decision to cancel it? energytions of the should be drifted to the government. >> what about preparedness? >> that should be given to them. to egypt under question in so many questions about aid to syria, is there a guiding principle or anything you can reply to a or countries in that region or with certain backgrounds that the administration is taking that is guiding the administration in any way that we could understand?

it seems like it is being done on an ad hoc basis. have tried to lay out two very clear criteria that we are using to evaluate continued assistance to egypt. the first is a determination about the national security interests of the united states. that is the foremost criteria that the president uses in making any national security decision. what impact will it have on our national security? there are some aspects of american law that apply to these determinations about providing aid and assistance. in this case, it is section 7008 of the appropriations act. makee obviously going to decisions about providing aid and assistance to ensure that it complies with relevant law. those are the two principal criteria that we will use to

make decisions about eight and assistance. it'll also be affected by the future actions of the government. there are a few actions we have taken as a result of our strong disappointment in actions that were taken by the interim government. just a minute. we'll get around to you. >> i want to ask about the aids debate. you see a number members of congress are weighing in. you have said this aid is under review. is there a point the president feels it is necessary for him to come out and explain the process here in terms of why this is not an easy decision? what his thinking is on this? people are watching this debate unfold your ts. said all that

much about where his thinking is and why he is doing this. he talked about this little bit at a news conference. >> things have moved pretty far since then. >> they have here that is one aspect that make it difficult to cover this. dailys unfolding on a basis here. because of this ongoing review, these decisions are the kinds of things being evaluated on a daily basis. in may or may not change. no specific decisions have been made as a result. this is something we are carefully looking at. we have tried to be clear on what are the factors that influence his decision. and the specific section of the law that applies to foreign assistance. we have tried to explain to you and your readers what kind of criteria we're using to make

these decisions. you are right. additions on the ground are changing on a regular basis. this has an influence about our national security interest at plate. -- interests at play. it is evident from the fact that we have taken a couple of steps in terms of suspending the delivery of the f-16s. this is something that is being evaluated on an ongoing basis. when was the u.s. given a heads up? >> i do not have that information. american officials were informed. >> i do not know. on the options are

table? you have bright star. [inaudible] ?hat is next what other options are on the table? >> there are a couple of things at play. there is some additional assistance in the pipeline. that is the decision to move forward with providing that assistance. it is being evaluated on an ongoing basis. conversationsing between senior officials in this country and their counterparts in egypt. in the contesxt of the conversations, unambiguous perspectives from the united states are being shared with the egyptian government, urging them to follow through on their memo to transition back to a democratically elected civilian government. on a regular basis we are urging them to respect the basic human rights of their will. we are urging them to initiate an inclusive political process so we do not have a democratic

government in egypt that reflects the will of the people. there are word -- role to be played for those that do have the people of egypt. this is a multidimensional policy challenge. it is something we are evaluating on a daily basis. we will continue to speak out in the days ahead. >> the president laid out the consequences. ed.used words like condemn this lingering right now. that is in september. optionser tangible make them take note? bright star has not done much.

quite it is difficult to draw that conclusion right now. what i would say is that there is a publicly disclosed menu of assistance that is in the pipeline to be provided to egypt. these are in the pipeline. >> when it comes to morsi, if you time to have said it motivated. when it comes to mubarak you say it is an internal legal matter. why are you not speaking out about the possibility of mubarak being released and people are saying if he is the muslim brotherhood may be inflamed even more ma may target and kill more people? click president mubarak is part of an ongoing legal process.

in the of this legal process. it is internal to egypt. it is not something i am in a position to comment on here. >> what is happening with morsi is internal business for them and stay out of it. why are we not saying anything about what is happening with mubarak? like no one is suggesting that the detention of mubarak is politically motivated. i think there are crimes that he was charged with in the egyptian criminal process. in the case of mr. morsi, what we see there is a politically motivated attention that is not in line with the human rights standards we expect other

governments to uphold. >> he praised the benghazi attack. what reaction do you have when senator graham put out some statement saying he should be targeted by the u.s. military as an enemy combatant even though he is a u.s. citizen? what reaction do you have to the statements he is making? >> i do not see his statement. it is hard for me to comment on that. in terms of the statement made by this one individual, it is a reminder that our, that the global threat alerts that the administration put out remains in effect. our national security professionals are vigilant as ever. in trying to protect the national security of the united states of america and our citizens around the globe. that is something they remain

hard at work on. we have made tremendous rugrats in decimating core al qaeda in the region between afghanistan coreogress in decimating al qaeda in the region between .fghanistan it is something we are focused on. the president believes and understands that his chief is the national security of the united states of america and citizens. >> you mentioned the news conference where the president talked about a debate on the debate issue. we learned there were actually many violations of privacy. he approached the community. they told him no such violations have happened.

there are no privacy violations. it turns out there were. >> he took office in what he described as an inherently on some oferspective - these programs and the success they have had in striking the balance between privacy rights of american citizens and our national security. the president is not opposed to additional measures that members of congress made inc. would be

helpful and inspiring -- may think would be helpful in inspiring. of congressmbers who feel strongly. it is important to understand that we are talking about national security programs that are critical to the protection of our national security. you have heard professionals testified before congress that these programs have been disruptingl in terror plots all around the world. they are also an important element of our cooperation with other countries in protecting national security interest of the united states of america. there is an important balance for us to strike. part of the success depends on public confidence. this is a way that would inspire greater public confidence.

>> does the president stand by his statement a few weeks ago that there is no spying on americans? >> yes. the president does stand by that statement. >> there were 2700 incidents of unauthorized surveillance. >> the facts here are really important. from mike hayden who served in the previous administration. he pointed out that almost 70% of the violations that were were violations related to surveillance of foreign individuals who happen to temporarily be in the united states.

the first is i want to quote from senator dianne feinstein. she is the chair of the committee on intelligence. she said "the committee has never identified an instance where the nsa has abused their authority for inappropriate purposes. c" that was last week. she issued a statement on thursday of last week during there is one other person. is not inter king the president's party and not as inclined to agree with the president. what he point out is something that is also important. the "washington post" reports was based on nsa compliance reports. the fact that this could be written in the first place is evident there our oversight ongoing at the nsa. these are compliance problem's that were identified and

tabulated by the nsa to congress in the appropriate fashion. they are compliance issues that -- where action was taken to rectify them. what this illustrates is that there is in place at the nsa a very strict oversight regime. was asked about the king was askedt about the reports. he said there is not he said, if it works, and you have 99.9% compliant errors, and this comes from an internal report -- he went on to say it was all available. there is nothing there that bothers me. that shows me that the system works.