about your position, are you advocating that president obama should have attacked when he promised to attack? secondly, if he had, given international opinion against the u.s. and given congress was against him, given the american people did not support, do you think we would be in a far weaker position today than some think we are? >> when you are the leader of the most powerful nation in the most influential in the world that this country is going to take certain action, particularly where it has to do with an issue such as this you lose credibility when you don't. it is just a fact. i hear from friends around europe and the middle east who are really very skeptical about american leadership and i think they have a right to be.

second part was -- >> i think you answered it. >> once he stated that he was going to act -- i know what i wanted to add. presidents from time to time have had to make tough decisions. some things are franklin delano roosevelt did, harry truman in korea, his popularity just sinking down into the low 20's americans wanted out of korea. there were times when presidents have made tough decisions because that is the responsibility of commander-in- chief. now they have to pay for it if it is a mistake. i just think that another aspect of this is i don't think the president made a cohesive argument to the american people when he was saying he wanted to do two things. -- wanted to cause but he also

he wanted to pause but he alsowanted to congress to authorize an attack. he should have waited until the clause was -- the pauseover or just say that he is going to attack. i don't think americans got a strong message. >> right here. yes. >> thank you, charles, johns hopkins university. senator, i'm sure you have given other talks as well in this one focuses on the resident's failings. i agree with most of them, but i also think that if congress, and notably the republicans in the senate and the house spoke like you did, which they don't and have not, they criticize the president from other angles, things would be different. do you ever go to the house to talk to your republican friends and colleagues? to tell them what you think of them? [laughter]

>> that is a hard sell. >> your question is excellent particularly in that you broach a subject that i think is going to be the subject of great debate within the republican party. i remember when the democratic party in the 1970's had a very big split in their party. you could argue that it was bill clinton who seemed to reconcile the most elements within that party and he did a heck of a job doing it. we are seeing in our party a real split now and a great debate. on the one side, there is rand paul and many others who really are sincerely convinced that we engage in sensationalism and we should not be involved. on our side, it is the internationalists and that

debate has to be held within our party. and i'm going back after world war i when they kept us out of the league of nations. also have your publicans prior to world war two. after world war ii dubbed, the clash between the eisenhower wing and the taft wing of the republican party. i could go on and on. there has always been this tension in the american party -- the the ice from -- the republican party and theisolationist wing has had the ascendancy and right now the american people obviously, it was stated earlier, the american people are incredibly skeptical. it has to do with iraq, the length of afghanistan and other things but the american people are very skeptical and they are playing to that audience and i don't blame them. i say that with respect to their views, not disrespect. >> there are occasionally world

events that occur that we simply cannot isolate ourselves from and we must get involved in. there used to be this bipartisan consensus on that point for republicans and democrats. do you think that has really dissolved in a profound historical sense? >> i think due to the economy to some degree, the length of the conflict in iraq and afghanistan, the confluence of forces, polarization of the political environment -- let's face it. there are many members now that have lifetime seats or at least until the next census. this is one of the biggest problems we have with immigration reform, how many of those who do not want to act have the overwhelming majority of citizens that are not hispanic in their district so they are listening, obviously,

not to the better angels of our nature. i really think that this debate is going to be one that i welcome. i welcome that debate. it will have to do with candidates, programs, platforms but the debate has to take lace -- take place andand i am confident that the american people will do the right thing at the end of the day if they are properly lead with inspiration. >> a question over here, right on the aisle. >> i'm from bloomberg, government. my question goes back to the credibility issue and you obviously make the correct point the president having uttered the statement about the red line and not following through in losing

credibility. would you have issued a red line statement or would you have said you want to keep your options open? >> two years ago, i would have accelerated supplies to the free syrian army and it would have been over. bashar assad was on the run and the momentum was on the side of the free syrian army until about a year ago and that is when the 5000 hezbollah came in and when the iranian started the revolutionary guard training, equipping, increasing, and that is when the russians really started flying in plain after plane of weapons. i would have given the assistance that we did not give a few years ago and i would have done the same thing and i would do it now but you have to admit it is much more complicated. the good options are gone and

now we have to choose deal least dangerous option of all. i would just like to say again, americans are war weary. i understand that. i would like to point out two things. we do have an all volunteer force. we are not forcing anybody.into the military. you think there is a possibility that you might be involved in the conflict than the second point is do you think those million refugee kids are not weary?- are not war you think the women who have been gang raped in a refugee camp in jordan are not world- weary.-- war weary? the united states of america, this is almost shameful in a way. we have not helped these people more and it is not just the humanitarian but it is the regional conflict that the middle east is now being engulfed by.

>> why were not more mideast countries -- why did they not step forward and publicly endorse? >> americans have to lead and qatar, saudis, others they have been sending chemical weapons and doing things. the population is small. their military capabilities are not great. they have been assisting significantly. >> when president obama said he was going to strike -- >> they don't know if ease here is.-- if he is serious. they don't know if he is serious. maybe their skepticism was justified because he said he was going to strike and then obviously did not. suppose this chemical weapons treaty comes through completely done. we have removed the chemical weapons from syria. what about the red line who said that if he massacred people with the use of chemical weapons that

what has heg to pay. paid? >> there are two gentlemen ride -- rightin the back and then the woman in the aisle. >> with al jazeera. you said there is a need for a solution that would see the departure of al-assad. what would be your decision on the vulcanization of syria given that there is a complex situation and also the dysfunctional opposition? >> you raise a really question and one reason why i said there is really no option, only some that are more preferable than others. number one, we have to have the free syrian army and the national council comply with the

commitment they have made that they will carry and get rid of chemical weapons. the second thing is that they have to commit to the respective human rights and we have to be a very big player in that, especially when it comes to the inevitable conflict between all of these jihadist to our there and the free syrian army. third of all, we are going to have to have commitments about protectionof christians because we cannot unleash once the shark once bashar al- assadcollapses a bloody massacre of these people. as you know, one of the strategies is to establish the crescent along the coast there. that is a real possibility that

it could happen, particularly if the russians continue to help. --ce you come into the russian one shipload into the russianport with six months worth of supplies brought in the way that we are bringing them into the free syrian army, again, i think there is a grave --nger of serious dissolving of syria dissolving into different pieces, as you know. that is something where it will require real, significant involvement on our part in assisting the free syria army but also international pressures to bring about part of a negotiated settlement that would have to do with chemical weapons and a cease-fire. that cease-fire could be enforced. >> then i said it would go back,

but right here. >> lisa from human rights first. think you for your blunt speaking. you mentioned several times the russian arms shipments and i wonder what can we be doing in the united states as this is playing itself out at the u.n. to make it for costly for putin to be supporting assad? are you convinced we have done everything we can on sanctions against russian banks? weshould be at least as much as we have against the iranians. what else can we be doing to make russia pay a price for being assad's patron? >> that is an excellent point. i wish we would say to putin that there has got to be a cause --st to discontinued all out

to this continued all out assistanceto assad. i think we ought to talk about that. we ought to talk about resolutions. they do not care about at least an expression from the general assembly. but putin, i think we need to understand him. putin has visions of the restoration of the russian empire. putin believes the rightful place for russia is a major player in the world. he believes that democracy is kind of some thing that is for other countries. he will hang onto power and he will do what is necessary to hang onto the power. it doesn't mean he will have a massacre of people, although in

chechnya, it is incredibly brutal. i think we need to identify him he is an autocrat at cracks down on human rights. puts people in jail. is responsible for the death of at least portray him for what he is rather than this grand illusion. we have to have the relation with russia, but it has to be an honest relationship. not a wink or a nod or a tap. that is not the way to approach putin. and the snowden thing was just a sign of disrespect. it was a sign is respect to the

-- of disrespect to the united states of america that they gave asylum to mr. snowden. >> in the back. two people in the aisle. >> senator, you are known to be a supporter of the free syrian army. opposition consists of appleby about a thousand people.-- about 100,000 people. maybe 50% of them are moderate. >> that is not true. we disagree. excuse me. we disagree. >> i'm quoting a report. it is clear there are a lot of jihadists and groups. will that call for any level of cooperation with any of the factions on the religious side? >> two years ago, there was none of them. no matter what organization you talk to, that was the case. second, frankly, i disagree.

there is 70% still who are the free syrian army. there are jihadist flowing in and not just from the middle east, but a couple hundred -- gone to syria to fight on behalf of the jihadist. 5000 hezbollah. the point i think you and others are missing, syria is a moderate nation. syria has the highest literate rate of any nation in the middle east. they are not going to submit to a jihadist or al qaeda group governing them. they will not. in some areas where all qaeda are, they're demonstrating against them. al qaeda is trying to oppose on sharia law.mpose

that is a really convenient copout to say i know who they are. i was in syria. i know who they are. yes, there are 1200 units. there are 1200 battalions in the u.s. army. does that mean they're not connected to each other? of course not. if you do not want to intervene, you can always find reason to do so. is it a done deal? is it easy? was itvery difficult. easier to years ago? i guess my answer to you is the status quote satisfactory? is it satisfactory where people are being murdered and the weapons are being flown in and 5000 hezbollah -- good fighters. they are not afraid to die. 5000 that came from lebanon. doesn't that give us a positive

-- some kind of pauseas to what the connection is? what happens if assad stays in power? what is the message throughout the middle east? >> the young lady on the end. >> thank you. first, thank you, senator mccain for your service in vietnam. i think then we did not let go thenhe victory in vietnam. we would not have to deal with the situation now in the asia- pacific ocean. i think right now there was a suggestion that you would write -n op-ed and put it on your prvda.

>> could i mention on that really quick -- don't ask me because i still don't understand vdas.ere are two pra one of them said it was on a hardline communist.we will see which one accepts it. >> my question is i feel that -- the string stopsat home. you said that president obama was not very strong. i believe and i applaud president obama for everything he has done. he stayed engaged. he got united nations involved. russia is involved. he is still trying to degrade the capacity of assad and his with the weapons. support of nations. from your point of view, could you get back to the republicans and work on the debt ceiling and sequestration?

>> thank you. i think we are hearing about four questions. >> very briefly, i do not know what will happen. spending bills originate in the house of representatives. i really do not know what will happen. we have seen the movie before of shutting down the government. a liberal said that this idea of demanding the repeal of obamacare was a suicide note on part of the republicans. i agree with what was said. look, this president and i have a relationship that i value. we work together on immigration reform, tried to get the debt issue under control. i supported him on the initial action when syria --

there is no -- i have a cordial relationship with the president. there is no ill will there. i think that is important. they disagree when they disagree and agree when they agree. i think that is how we should function. i have a lot of respect for the president of the united states. in many ways including his ability to communicate with the american people as he proved in his reelection campaign. right now, i think we are on the wrong path. it could be damaging not only now, but for the rest of his presidency. i do not want that to happen. i do not want a president that is weakened. this is too dangerous a world we live in. >> one more. a last brief question. this is on the record.

senator mccain has to zip away to something else. everyone just wait in their seats after. >> that lady all the way in the back. >> thank you, senator mccain. i was wondering if you could tell us what has the u.s. learned in past military action? for example, iraq and afghanistan.and from the situation in egyptthank you. ,>> thank you. i take questions from iraq and afghanistan, bosnia and kosovo. and other conflicts in which we have been involved in which we have succeeded. afghanistan.in bosnia and coaste did what i wanted to do. to some degree in syria

wherewe bombed and sent air activity without sending in american troops. after 78 days, they decided to fold. they did so in the name of human there was no particular threat to the united states buthe was slaughtering people right and left. the u.s. intervened. we saved -- i do not know how many thousands of lives. when they look at afghanistan, we forget unfortunately. we knew that al qaeda and the people who caused 9/11 came from afghanistan. what would any president do? any president would have done what president bush did. turn the people over and bring the taliban and.

refused to do so. we had no choice. was it mishandled? could there are some who say he could we have done it better? there are some who say he could done it better or differently. that is a subject for historians. on the issue of iraq, it will go down in history as a cardinal error to accept whatever evidence there was an turn it into an argument that saddam hussein had weapons of mass distraction, which we know now he did not. but the secretary of state came to that security council and convinced all of us and congress and the american people and others. i do believe that thanks to david petraeus, we won the war. we lost the peace becausewe should have left a residual force behind, which the president did not want to do. so, we're now seeing

unfortunately a resurgence of al qaeda in iraq and moving into syria to help assad. excuse me, to enter the fight. we are seeing a turmoil here that i think could have been avoided in the long run. are we a perfect nation? no. have we made mistakes? yes. but we have learned from our mistakes. we are now friends with the they are now friends with us. by the way, there is a ship named after my father and it paid a port visit to the port of dan mang. that shows you if you live long enough, anything can happen in the world. [laughter] it we make mistakes and errors and judgments, yes, we have. that goes with being exceptional

nation that we are and the reason this country is called the american century boast that we make mistakes, but the world i believe is a far better place because of american leadership and the american people sacrifice so much on behalf of of the other people's freedoms as well as our own. i believe in the greatness of america and the responsibilities of world leadership. i often ask my friends at town hall meetings if we do not want america to lead, who do you want somebody's got to leave. i know we have made mistakes. we are a very imperfect nation, but there has never been a better experiment. i am proud to have had a small opportunity to serve it. thank you for having me. >> thank you. [applause] [captions copyright national

cable satellite corp. 2013] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

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we have treasures. the c-span video library is a great resource for you to view and share content anytime. it's easy -- and go toc-span.org the most recent videos. you can also search the video library for a specific topic or keyword or you can find a person, just type in their name and search and go to people. go to their bio page and scroll down to their appearances and you can share what you're watching and make a clip. button or sharing tools and you can send it by e- mail, facebook, or twitter. the c-span video library, searchable coming easy and freight created by the cable tv industry and funded by your local cable or cert -- cable service provider. we bring public affairs

events from washington directly to you putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house events, briefings, and conferences and offering complete gavel to gavel coverage of the u.s. house all as a public service of private industry. we are c-span, created by the cable tv industry 34 years ago and funded on your local cable or satellite provider and now, you can watch us in hd. >> president obama spoke at this year's congressional black caucus awards dinner in washington, d.c. it was just one event that was part of the four-day conference. he talks about college affordability and ongoing efforts in congress to defund the healthcare law. the president's remarks are ♪bout 20 minutes. ♪

[applause] >> hello.cbc. thank you so much. everybody please have a seat. michelle and i are happy to be here with such a good looking crowd. everybody is cleaning up nice. thank you for not just a great introduction but more importantly your leadership. especially on the issues of brain research that have the potential to change so many lives. i want to thank you everybody at the cbc

foundation for doing so much to help all our young people achieve their potential. i see so many friend here tonight and obviously these last several weeks have been mom us-- momentous in a lot of ways. many of you -- it was rainy that day.-- many of you i saw hosting at the white house on the actual anniversary, the 50th anniversary of the march on washington. it was a little rainy that day. we didn't have a nice roof over our heads. that wasn't enough to keep all of you away. it wasn't enough to keep me away. it wasn't enough to keep folks from all across the country from coming out the pay tribute.-- to pay tribute. not only dr. king or john lewis, not only the well known heroes of the civil rights movement but all the ordinary americans that made it possible for us to stand here today.

\[applause] and as i look out in the crowd, it was impossible not to appreciate just how much progress we have made. it was impossible not to think of all the hearts that have been opened, all the lawsthat have been changed. all the quiet heroes that refused to give up or give n. as -- give in and asi said on that day to dismiss toe magnitude of that progress suggest that little has changed, diminishes the price to margin those years. [applause] what i also said andi think there wasn't a speaker there that day or on

saturday in the other commemoration of the march who didn't make this point, we would also the dishonor those heroes to suggest that the work of this nation is somehow complete. and that is something that the c.b.c. has always understood. it wasn't until 1969, six years buter the march on washington african americans congress formed a caucus. by then, thecivil rights acts have been passed but the men and women who founded this caucus recognized would dr. king understood, that equality is not just an abstraction. it's not just a formalitywe have to go hand in, hand with economic opportunity.

we've got to make it easier for every american to earn their piece of the american dream. \[applause] so fast forward to 50 years later. we all understand we have to be vigilant against any attempt to roll back our hard earned civil rights whether that means tearing down barriers put up by those restricting the voteor making sure our criminal justice system works well for but atody, not just some. a time when black unemployment remains twice as high as white unemployment, at a time whenworking americans of all races have seen their incomes and wages stagnate even as income at the top are soaring. we have to have economic justice. we have to make this a country

where anybody who works hard can earn their way into the middle class. until we do, we will not let up and we will not rest no matter how much resistance we get. we will keep on pressing forward.because it's good for americait's the right thing to ,do. we can't rest until every american knows the security of quality affordable healthcare. [applause] just over a week, thanks to the affordable care act and the leadership shown by the c.b.c., thanks to your efforts, six in ten uninsured americans will finally be able to get coverage for less than $100 a month.

everybody will be able to get coveragesix in ten will be able ,to get coverage for less than $100 a month.[applause] and by the way, the only reason it's six in ten is because we got some governors who haven't [laughter]ight yet. if every governor chose to join this project rather than to fight it just to score some political points, that number would be nearly eight in ten. [applause] so just think about that. knowing you can offer your family the security of healthcare, that's priceless and now you can do it for less than your cell phone bill. that's what change looks like. [applause] we won't rest until every american has access to a good education.

and we've got to make sure every child gets the best start in life. we want to give every four-year- old in america access to quality preschool. there is no better investment. we should be making it right now. we can afford it. it's the right thing at the right time.[applause] we should make college more affordable for every family. there is no better ticket to the middle class in this country. and we've already made college more affordable for millions of students and their families through tax credits and grants and student loans that are going further than ever before. but we got more to do. i've been talking to colleges telling them they need to do their part by bringing cost down because in a 21st century economy a higher education is not a luxury it is an economic imperative and everybody should be able to afford it, not just a few.[applause]

we can't rest until we offer new ladders of opportunity for anyone willing to climb them. when you think about america, when you think about the ideals of this country, a big part of it is the idea of upward mobility. the idea that if you work hard you can get ahead. over the last 30 years upward mobility in this country has slipped out of reach for too many people. that is especially true in communities with large african- american populations. so we've got to do more to rebuild neighbors, help some of the hardest hit towns in america get back on their feet. we've got to raise the minimum wage. nobody who works full time in the wealthiest nation on earth should have to raise their children in poverty.[applause]

those are fights we need to win. finally we can't rest until all of our children can go to school or walk down the street free from the fear they will be struck down by a stray bullet. [applause] just two days ago in my hometown chicago 13 people were shot during a pickup basketball game including a three-year-old girl. tomorrow night i'll be meeting and mourning with families in this city who know the same unspeakable grief as families in newtown and chicago and new orleans and all across the country people whose loved ones were torn from them without headlines sometimes or public out cry but it's happening every single day.

we fought a good fight earlier this year but we came up short. and that means we've got to get back up and go back at it because as long as there are those who fight to make it as easy as possible for dangerous people to get their hands on guns then we've got to work for the sake of our children. we've got to be willing to do more work to make it harder. [applause] these are the tasks before us. these are the challenges we face. it's a tall order, all of it. i know the odds sometimes seem long. i was taking photos with the c.b.c. folks, every one of them came up and said you hang in there. you hang in there, man.

and i said don't worry about me. i am still fired up. because i still see the work that needs to be done.[applause] the work didn't go away. and part of the reason that i don't get tired is because i've seen people who are in this audience and what you've done and the odds you've overcome. i know sometimes the climb seems steep at any moment. sometimes it's seems the pettiness of our politics is making things worse and worse. look at it right now --the other day the house of republicans voted to cut $40 i know sometimes the climb seems billion in nutritional aid for struggling families. at the same time as some of the same folks who took that vote

are receiving subsidies themselves. so farm subsidies for folks at the top are okay. help feed your child is somehow not. i know the c.b.c. led by outstanding chairwoman marsha fudge foughthard to protect those programs that keep so many children from going hungry. and now we're seeing an extreme faction of these folks convincing their leader ship to threat on the shut down the government if we don't shut down the affordable care act. some of them were actually willing to see the united states default on its obligation and plunge this country back into a painful recession if they can't deny the basic security of

healthcare to millions of americans. i think this is an interesting thing to ponder, that your top agenda is making sure 20 million people don't have health insurance. and you'd be willing to shut down the government and potentially default for the first time in united states history because it bothers you so much that we're actually going to make sure that everybody has affordable healthcare. let me say as clearly as i can, it is not going to happen. we have come too far. we've overcome far darker threats than those. we will not negotiate over whether or not america should keep its word and meet its obligations. we're not going to allow anyone to inflict economic pain on millions of people just to make

an ideological point and those folks are going to get healthcare in this country we've been waiting 50 years for. [applause] it's time for these folks to stop governing by crisis. start focusing on what really matters, create new jobs, grow our economy, expand opportunity for ourself, looking after our children, doing something about the violence out there. as we've got all these battles we have to face, we've got to remember what brought us here in the first place. as i was preparing my speech for the anniversary last month, i was doing some research, reading some stories about people who had come to the march 50 years

ago and i came across a story of a young man named robert avery. and robert was 15 years old in 1963. he and two friends decided to hitchhike from gadsden, alabama to the march on washington. and together they traveled through some of the most segregated counties in america, sleeping in bus terminals, eating from vending machines, sometimes not eating, sometimes they walked. sometimes passer by black and white offered them rides worried they might not make it on their own. 700 miles later the boys from gadsden reached their -- gadsden reached their destination and marched with king. after wards robert back home to alabama and he's spent the last

three decades on the city council. and robert avery is here tonight.[applause] and in some ways robert's story is duplicated all across this room. dr. king talked about how we're linked. robert kennedy talked about how if you toss a pebble in a pond the ripples emanate from that center and the same is true in our own lives those ripples of hope, we don't know how they will impact folks later but all those tiny ripples build up and end up changing the world. so when i think about robert avery in the city council and i'm sure he has struggles and

frustrations just like a president of the united states has frustrations and struggles sometimes but he's still coming to work every day. he's still working to bring about change every single day just like our attorney general comes to work every single day. [applause] just like john lewis every single day gets up, did you want matter whether he's in the majority or minority, he's going to speak the truth and tell everybody what he believes. those stories should remind us what brought us here. why did we seek a life of public service? why did we get involved? it wasn't just to come to a gala. i mean it's nice.

everybody looks nice but it wasn't to cash in after service. we may not have hitchhiked across the country but everybody at some point felt that same tug, that voice in our heads telling us stand up, speak out, try to make a difference, remember what you know to be true, what you know to be just, what you know to be fair and be willing to fight for it and don't be timid about it. [applause] and maybe sometimes it's not going to work out right away but if you stay at it again and again and again and you do not waiver eventually we make a difference. that's important. while all our challenges are different from the ones faced by previous generations, we're going to need the same courage of a robert avery, all those marchers from 50 years ago, the

same desire to get involved, the same courage to make our voices heard, to stand up whether it's for quality healthcare or good education or children safety or equal opportunity. we're going to have to keep marching. and i'm proud that i'll be at least for the next three and a half years here in washington and a whole lot of years after that i'm going to be marching with you. god bless you everybody. thank you. god bless america.[applause] ♪ ♪ ♪ captioning by the national captioning institute -- www.ncicap.org-- [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013]

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♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ span,oming up next on c- "washington journal." then "newsmakers."

later today at 5 p.m. eastern, we will be live at the marine barracks in washington, dc for a memorial service honoring the victims of monday's navy yard shooting with remarks by president obama. the subject of rupert la wrence is a sensitive subject. we depend on whistleblowers. we value their information. it is important they feel comfortable coming forward and saying i have information you need to have in my identity, i am concerned about potential reprisal and you need to protect my identity. we understand that. the statute requires us to extend protection. practice, what we as ig's will do is to advise

whistleblowers of these protections and say to the extent you can give us specific information, that is much more helpful to us than general information. sometimes in the course of providing specific information an details, it may be that educated and informed person may be able to guess as the -- as to the identity of the whistleblower and you need to be aware of that risk are. >> more tonight at 8:00 on ."night's "q&a up next, your calls and the days latest news. then a look at the strategies by both parties in congress as they debate the future of the health

care law, federal spending, and the debt limit. after that, we will talk about the ongoing investigation into last year's consulate attack in benghazi, libya and the latest on the situation in syria. calls and the days latest news. then a look at the strategies by both parties in congress as they debate the future of the health ♪are [indiscernible] good morning, all eyes on the senate this week as the chamber takes up the measure to keep the government running past september 30. the house is likely to return midweek as the debate over spending, health care, and the nation's debt intensifies. it is sunday morning, september 20 second. the president is attending memorial services late afternoon today for the use of the shooting at the navy yard. the way,ervice, by will be held at the marine barracks i am washington, d.c.