. .

flexibility. is that we are doing the opposite on the side. we are not saying anything until it happens, and when it happens, that is when we per set -- present to congress. that may also reflect on the difficulty of negotiating the way that you are describing. the way that you are describing seems to be devoid of negotiating with the domestic audience. absolutely. every negotiation cannot proceed as if we did not realize we are now in 2013. for the last 25 years. that road which we have already

rocked -- walt, we know what it is. we know what it is. do we go back again and do the same? in the life of an individual, we are not what we were 13 years ago. what can we do today that we cannot do yesterday, better, more imaginative, different. not only has he run changed -- i ran changed, the world has changed. the immediate neighborhood of mesopotamia has changed. i am reluctant to say what the greatest change is. i do not want my family to be the target if i say something stupid. -- let me get

philosophical. we are now in 2013. we have gone through this negotiation in a different way. said, he is absolutely right. with all the changes that have happened in that region, we still talk about and approach and a tone that belongs to another decade. this is what worries me. we are right. of course -- that is what i say to my son, of course i am right, i am your father. he knows i am right. how do we move forward? this is what is happening on danger.redible

let's look at the region. some other way to attack the tumor. my suggestion, apart from the have moreould be to courage. to say something that many beyond iran would not like. how do the leaders we have in front of us build tomorrow. tomorrow has anything to do with yesterday? no. tomorrow is new. can we be ready? to builde enough guts tomorrow? terms, to the leaders i see in front of me. are you able to be a leader without an enemy? that is for the generation today. who are the leaders who can lead without enemies? i am looking very hard.

>> a fantastic question. let's see the guts of our audience. i will open it up for questions. any media, please raise your hands. any questions to our panelists as well as dr. kahl on the phone. [indiscernible] know -- do we know how they operate in washington. what is the obligation, the opportunity, the obstacle from that point of view and how can that be integrated into this discussion? twoo answer the question in seconds. repeat the question.

a correlation the room, israel - - a gorilla in the room. how can it be handled? >> my colleagues will be surprised with what i am telling you. that the gorilla is not in tel aviv. in fact, i am referring to the -- i mentioned the entire region from the river to the hindu kush. if you thought that the girl is there -- the gorilla is there, it was, i am not sure it is. change. everything changes all the time. >> mohsen? >> the islamic republic, at least of the top leadership,

would be making a huge strategic they canf they think normalize relationships with the u.s. by bypassing israel. it is not going to happen. this is the reality of the world we live in. unfortunately, so far, i have seen no evidence that they are willing to accept that. it is too bad. israel is a domestication, as has the lot is a domestication ezbollah is a as h domestication within the islamic republic. whether or not you like it, that is how it is. i hope they change their position for the levant and israel, and if they do not it will be difficult. >> colin,, and on how the obama administration will deal with israel in this regard. >> as someone who has traveled

to israel 14 times in the last israel's concerns about iran are understandable. if mexico was -- had an advanced nuclear program, a covert nuclear weapons program until about a decade ago and is mexican leaders made statements about wiping america off the map and cutting america like a tumor out of the landscape, we would be worried about mexico developing weapons and we would be hard-line. if you sit from the perspective of tel aviv or jerusalem looking tehran, i think it is understandable. our policy has to be u.s. policy. we have to take israel's

concerns seriously. what obama has said is that we do take the threat to israel seriously. even if israel was not in the equation, we see a run' -- iran nuclear weapons capability as a threat to the interests of the u.s.. where the israeli perspective comes in at this moment -- 4tanyahu has laid down markers for a successful deal. zero stockpile, of low enriched uranium, the complete closure and dismantling of the enrichment facility near city, as well as the dismantling of advanced ir2m centrifuges. a -- the dismantling of

araq plutonium reactor. this kind of maximalist position, if it were adopted by the negotiators for the p5-plus- a tomatould lead to train wreck. i think israel sees their role as a bad cop -- a diplomatic train wreck. i do not know if it would lead deal i described. my concern is less about whether the israelis will play, more that if the markers that netanyahu has put down at the general assembly speech -- if those are picked up by a majority in congress as the litmus test to judge and a agreement that comes out of geneva or the talks after geneva, i would be very concerned.

i would be concerned that congress could play the spoiler this.n what is important is for the administration to continue to make the point to the israelis and to congress that we are consulting with all of our allies, including israel. we will not accept a bad deal. you heard kerry make that point to in -- to an aipac conference. to go to the next iteration and to defend what a good deal would look like and why it is not only good for the u.s. and for the world, but good for israel. at that-- we are not stage yet. if there is meaningful progress in geneva in the weeks following, there will be a lot of onus on the administration to whyify the case for whatever they come to is a good deal.

wait for the mic. >> the question is about -- we concerned about security of israel, which is very valid. signatoryhey are not -- at the same token. pastu look at iran in the 200 years, they never attacked any country in any form. past 60 years the of existence, they have been the bully. they have been attacking neighbors, using chemical weapons in gaza. dly arestill blin protecting their interests. the other countries should not have the rights to protect themselves against a bully?

we speak as if they have the only rights and everybody else is just -- my question is, how would you justify that? may talkics, they about things. as individual citizens who see these on a day-to-day basis, you cannot full individuals any longer. they see what the reality is. how do you sell that to the citizens of iran or the world? >> as an academic, i respect my areas of expertise, u.s.-iran relations. i have no comment. >> this is for you. [laughter] >> i think that the focus on israeli behavior in the current context is not productive for anything. thes not going to change

approach to negotiations with iran, nor its outcome. i think it is not a helpful way to think about it. i think it distracts from the real obligations that iran has. why do they have an obligation to not build nuclear weapons? if they want to pull out of the nonproliferation treaty, they should do it and make it clear. not do that. they signed name -- the npt. the shah signed it on one of the first days. the islamic republic has planned to abide by it since the revolution. they are signatories. it is not about hypocrisy. there are a lot of international laws and rules and norms, some are complied with, some are not. if the argument is that absolute

consistency has to be applied into policy, i would argue that the questioner has never engaged in diplomacy. obligated not to pursue nuclear weapons. there are half a dozen un security council resolutions for suspiciousn nuclear activities. they have built covert facilities, they have engaged in weapons related research, they have done a lot of things in their nuclear program which lead folks to be very suspicious about their nuclear ambitions and whether they have nuclear weapons ambitions. think that we should not use the behavior of others to distract from the very clear has under that iran their treaty commitments and under un security council resolutions. it is not helpful to make the focus about israel. thank you.

about -- there was a question earlier about the increasing sanctions. it was put -- i wanted to ask the question again. if iran does not come forward with -- i am not sure how to qualify it. a positive offer at these negotiations starting tomorrow. thatif, people are saying if this round of negotiations is not productive, then sanctions should be strengthened. my first question. is, if israel is the 64 thousand pound gorilla, how heavy is the saudi arabian guerrilla? what role does it play? i would like to hear a lot more about that.

since i have got the microphone, one other question. there have been a lot of concerning -- after president rouhani was here, he said some nice things. therehe got back to iran, have been concerning things that came out. zarif was quoted as saying that the supreme leader was unhappy far the close -- how negotiations went in reaching out to the americans. there were a few other things that were kind of -- it seemed like they were pulling back. i am wondering if -- what does that mean? >> three questions. we were very kind to you. [laughter] >> i will only answer one, the easiest one. you will answer the most difficult one.

you're a diplomat. saudi arabia is the major gorilla in the room. iran and saudi arabia are natural rivals in the persian gulf. the animosity they feel towards each other is deep, it has a religious dimension. but now it has geostrategic dimensions. for the past ten years, ever since the u.s. liberated iraq from saddam hussein and empower arabia and, saudi iran have been engaged in a bloody, secret cold war against one another. as you said, it goes all the way from afghanistan to the persian bahrain, torame -- the levant.

this is not just with the islamic republic. that saudi arabia has a major role in decreasing the price of oil. 1965, 1975, 1976, when the shah was an ally of the u.s. ofa result in the decrease the price of oil, iran had a financial crisis which paved the way for the coming of the islamic revolution. this competition goes back to the time of the imperial iran. after saddam hussein was overthrown, i think the saudisast -- the concluded that iran had become too close. border, toe closest have a shiite government knocking on your door is not

something they like. then they try to undermine iran, to undermine saudi arabia and lebanon. it did not work. ah has become a major player in lebanon. we have the civil war in syria , the latest dimension of the and sauditween iran arabia. look at who is providing the money to rebels. only one thing you need to know about international politics. is follow the flow of money. look from whose pocket the money comes out. pay attention to whose pocket it goes into. , we have the civil war. on the one sign, the saudis and the turks. on the other side, iran, russia. riyadhow, saudi arabia,

is concerned about the potential between iranement and saudi arabia. the is a natural power in persian gulf. 80 million people, more than all the countries combined multiplied by 5. it has the second-largest natural gas reserves in the world. the third-largest oil reserves in the world. it has largest middle class, it has a glorious history. and thew that if iran u.s. can manage a conflict, iran is going to become once again the undisputed power in the region. that is unacceptable to the saudis. i wisely believe, this is going -- ieate problems for me,

honestly believe, this is going to create problems for me. i am going to say something that is controversial. andconflict between iran israel is more manageable than the conflict between iran and saudi arabia. [applause] >> this is -- it is a good component of this conversation. dropped my comments earlier about the changing reality of the region, a good part is what you just said. we continue to look at the region as if it was 1980 or 1970. is right, theni changing is a strategic change. a strategic change not because anyone is masterminding

everything. it is happening because nothing remains the same in life. the region is really running saudi-iranian competition. it is interesting that when rouhani was elected, he didn't mention his interest to have a discussion with saudi arabia. that was the point. speaksnow, rouhani decent arabic. that does not hurt when you speak to the saudis. also speaks german and english. they seem to be technical matters. i tended to not be so sure. when you can communicate in other -- in the language of your counterpart, things are

different. respects, in different respects. the fact that rouhani opened up and said he wants to speak to saudi arabia makes sense. one step tobe describe the situation that professor milani just described, from the hindu kush to the levant, i will stop there. [laughter] to give a couple concluding remarks. you said something extremely whichsting, mohsen, about conflict is more manageable. there are aspects that would indicate that the israeli-irani an relationship could be manageable. it is lacking the component that rouhani himself, in his first

press conference, he spoke about improving relations with the brotherly saudi arabia. there are channels of communication. that does not exist on the iranian-israeli side to the extent that it showed. that makes it more difficult, even if some of the facts on the on theare more difficult saudi side. we will go more into that tomorrow. the prints from saudi arabia to speak on this yossi fromwell as israel, and two other prominent people. i want to thank giandomenico, mohsen, colin. [applause] the next panel will start in a few minutes. >> thank you.

>> coming up on c-span, a look at the role of editorial cartoons. then, members of the house and senate discussed negotiations on the government shutdown. on this morning's "washington journal," we will talk about the shutdown. rally it will be held at the world war ii memorial on the national mall this morning. a group called the military coalition representing 33 organizations is hosting the event. live coverage starts at 10:00 a.m. on c-span3. at 8:00 p.m.n3 eastern, the new jersey governor's debate with chris christie and barbara buono. the government shutdown

entering its third week, c-span is asking for your thoughts. >> do not pay our representatives as long as they are not getting their work done. police, telll hill them that they do not need to come to work and protect them. they do not need protection. they are not protecting the people they represent. keeps blaming all the republicans in the congress, they were willing to vote for everything but obamacare, he said no. the senate is the one that is holding it up. >> the republicans from the time obama took office will not support him and help him solve the country's problems. another manifestation of the same issue. they are mad that obama won. one quarter, when taxes come to you, refuse to pay any taxes. the government right now is refusing first to do their job.

they do not care who it hurts. meanwhile, we are paying taxes so they are getting paid. let's see what happens when they do not get money from us. obviously, we are paying our money. i am a single mom, i paid over $10,000 in taxes last year just to put up with this. let's stop paying taxes. three award-winning cartoonists talk about the influence of editorial cartoons from the atlanta press club. this is one hour 15 minutes. >> good evening. i am tom watkins, treasurer of

press club. thank you for coming to drawing the news. of atlanta press club is one the largest and most active press clubs in the world. we encourage you to join. we have some great programs coming out. we will host a newsmaker luncheon on september 17. join us on october 8 for the hall of fame dinner. for more information, visit our website at www. atlantapressclub.org. we are pleased to have three ever shrinkingan universe of cartoonists joining us tonight. kevin, award winning cartoonist for the economist magazine of london. than 35er spans more

years and created more than 8000 cartoons and 140 magazine covers. his resume includes six collections of published work. mike, pulitzer prize winning editorial cartoonist for the atlanta journal-constitution. he began his cartooning career in 1984 in new orleans and joined the constitution in 1989. andwork appears in "time" "the new york times." rick has been the editorial cartoonist for the augusta chronicle, he started at the atlanta journal-constitution years before. his cartoons are syndicated to more than 400 newspapers across america. awards,on numerous including first place for editorial cartooning in the georgia press association's

better newspaper contest. we will ask a bunch of questions , i will start off with a couple, formulate your own. we will pick the brains of people who look at world events them to simple pictures and make us laugh or have an epiphany or think deep thoughts. want to know -- rick did not get a microphone. i think he deserves one. >> i guess he gets one. there is an extra. >> first off, you are talking to the press club, which has

endured a bitter feud years. i am wondering if you could -- a bitter few years. i am wondering if you could comment on the state of editorial cartooning. is it the same as newspapers, or has it been spared? >> i think the cartoonists have been hit harder than the newspaper industry. in a large part because, the businessmen are making hiring and firing decisions as newspapers. they look at a cartoonist and say what does this guy really bring. the journalists know the value that a cartoonist can bring. we see it in the work of rick and mike that the powerful attachment that a local community gets to the cartoonist, and the power that

it can do to affect both public discourse and also get the full attention of the public -- of the politicians. of the part of the job free press. cartoonists have been laid off at a rapid rate. there is -- maybe the numbers are kind of loose. maybe 25 years ago, we were hovering in the 200 range. 's ore are in the 70 lower. when a newspaper loses a cartoonist, it is likely that they will never rehire one. i am an example of that. cartoonist for "the baltimore sun." i was offered a buyout and i took it because i saw the writing on the wall. they invited me to come back. we want a cartoonist, please. do you want to add? have contracted.

think it is a case-by-case situation. i think there are some cartoonists in better shape than others. ajc is lean, is doing well. a few years ago, things were great. 2004, 2005, newspapers were doing fabulous. now, they have to be leaner. you are --i think if if your publisher and your editor and the people who in who papal valley -- uy people own your paper value that cartoon, cartoonists are in a good position. >> i don't have much to add

except to say that there are a few people who have been hired in the last couple of months. it is encouraging. upnow my paper has beefed coverage, added an opinion section. i'm hoping it has stabilized maybe, maybe we can turn it around. ok. has the internet helped or hurt the business of cartooning and the artistry of cartooning? >> should i take this one? internet hasthe initially hurt newspapers, like all media. people thought they could get everything for free. that is stabilizing. it has been a good thing in that our work has a much wider viewership than it used to. it used to be your hometown and

if you are syndicated and other newspapers, people in those towns. ability tone has the look at your cartoons. my stuff is on facebook and mucher, i do not know that about all that stuff, i know that my cartoons go on there and people are seeing them. i think that is a good thing. >> it is hard to say. there are a lot more internet type cartoonists who are not necessarily professional, they are not paid staffers. with the advent of photoshop, anyone can go out there and whip something out. there is a lot more political opinion -- not many people are making money on it. >> there is another interesting in the wayf the web it is helped cartoonists. this is mostly internationally. you see three guys up here. whenever you get cartoonists

appear and ask them how they got into this business, everyone has a different story. there is no conventional way to become a cartoonist. there are no schools or graduate degrees. we in the u.s. have a rich tradition of satire that goes back several countries -- several centuries. in emerging democracies, they don't have that same background. when they are looking to emulate ,hat we do, what happens is cartoonists are watching the cartoonists here. in the facebook scene, you're seeing a quick and rapid development of cartooning in countries like india, brazil, countries where the press is growing. there are more newspapers, they are growing. in many places in the west, they are shrinking.

cartoonists are learning at a faster pace than we could have done. it is accelerating the growth of cartoonists in other parts of the world. >> i hope you guys have some questions. one more. at its best, what should cartooning do? what do you hope to a, which as a cartoonist? -- to accomplish as a cartoonist? >> give me the hard one. i should make the reader sank -- they should make the readers think. and a lot of cartoons use humor. if i have challenged my readers to think about an issue differently, maybe one that they may not agree with, then i have accomplished my mission. mike? idealistic about cartooning. like -- i feel like we

are perfecting our union. i am trying to make people think, like rick says. i am trying to show what i believe is not right out there. there is a lot that is not right out there right now. they say that bad news is good for cartoonists because it gives us fodder. i would rather work harder and have less bad news and know we were going in the right direction. i think we are not going in the right direction right now. i feel very -- like it is a real calling for me to get my opinions out there. >> all of those things are absolutely right. that ishe things interesting about how cartoonists contrast to any other member of the journalism school, it has the ability to

society, each cartoon is a sentence. they are pretty simple, straightforward, we try to get a innt across in assisting -- assisting way. over a week, a paragraph, over a month, a chapter. you are basically having a long- term conversation with your readers. we used humor, pictures, we have an interesting way to reside in a special part of the brain. people approach it open-minded because they think they are on to laugh. we engage in a very personal relationship with people. over time, the ability to reside in somebody's brain and go to what rick mentioned, to make them think about subjects that sometimes they may have fixed ideas about. maybe rethink them. sometimes awaken them to stories they need to know about. in some ways, i'm going to semi-

miss america, we want to make the world a better place -- i am going to sound like miss america, we want to make the world a better place. we are doing that with our unique medium. >> questions? not at a paper, would you run down hot you determine which -- how you determine which articles cartoon attached to them or which are standalone? interesting about that question, that is the same type of question that i would like to ask all of the other cartoonists. everyone has a different feel. we are as different as comedians. there is woody allen, chris rock. in cartoonists are different our personality, our approach to the news, our style. i cannot wait to hear what these guys have to say. [laughter] >> was the question?

standalone from the articles. i have a great situation. although my editor says i have to start getting in earlier. i now get in at noon. [laughter] the first thing i do is i have lunch. after lunch, to the untrained eye, it does not look like i am doing anything. i am just sitting there on itunes.- on ebay or on i am looking at topics, too. i start to get nervous because i have been procrastinating all day. i start to get nervous. that is when i start coming up with ideas. usually my first couple of ideas suck. i will show them to somebody and they will be happy to tell them -- tell me that they suck.

honesty, thathe gets my journaling going. i want to come up with something to show this person that i am not a failure. it gets laterhat, and later. my day starts out with procrastination and ends in pani c. ight at my deadline at 5:30, have to draw a really quick. i do not pencil in, i just ink. i have whiteout on my hands, i just got done with a cartoon. i am going as fast as i can, that is how my day goes. [laughter] >> wow. my cartoons are stamped alone as well -- standalone as well. i am in the office with the other editorial writers. i am doing a cartoon on syria, they have an editorial coming up those twowe might run together. you might get the idea that we pare them, but it just happened.

them, but itired just happened. i come in at 930, but i also looked like i am not doing anything. i hope to have my sketch to my lunchtime. that has got to go through the approval process. i do a different way of inking. i have a light box that i put my sketch underneath. then i ink on top of the paper. i have the sketch to guide me. then i scan it in, hopefully i 3:30, iing done by start to color. you asked to do -- you asked how the web affected it, we have a color position online. or 6:00, i have the color position done. >> do you assign yourselves or

do they say might, we want a cartoon on syria? >> for me, no. my editor likes to suggest ideas. sometimes i listen to him, most of the time i do not. i do whatever i want to draw. >> i did not even go to meetings. most incredible thing. i sit in my office, i do not see my editor. no one bugs me until i come out of there and show my rough. they do not tell me what to do. i have got such a great situation. >> largely, the freedom that each of these fellows have is in large part because they have built up a reputation that they will deliver. one of the things about our business, we work on tight deadlines. we are creating art and satire on a deadline.

of different lot skill sets. a requires the skill set of being a journalist, keeping up with the news, then put on the habit of being a columnist. i think that is how people should regard us. we approach the news, come up with our own perspective on the subject we are going to cover. then we have to be a satirist and apply humor. the last thing, we are an artist, using pictures to deliver our satiric commentary. it is interesting how everyone does them in different ways and each party has a different energy. -- h cartoon has a different energy. i have to wear two hats, i work for and international publication, "the economist." as well as "the baltimore sun." i use a very old-fashioned english style pen nibs.

it takes me three hours to apply the ink. scratch.rs of scratch, if the deadline is 7:00, that takes you back to 4:00. i have pencil sketches before that, that takes two hours to three hours. and then you have coming up with the idea. everyone finds a way of getting two ideas in a different fashion. sometimes, they do come quickly. other times, you go through a lot of processes. and eightpretty much eight0 hour day -- an to ten hour day. about the freedom we are given, with all freedom comes responsibility. what i admire about my peers who do this really well on a daily is how managing to the cartoons that are both apt and

right on the news, not sexist, not racist. powerful one day, funny the next day. all of these things that have to go into the mix. next question, go to the microphone, please. caroline.ith >> i was on the editorial board, i can vouch for mike's work ethic. [laughter] what i wanted to ask all of you, now particularly, i would and then write a column, i could not believe the reaction. it was totally not what i meant. i wonder if there has been any one particular cartoons you have ever drawn that you were flabbergasted at the response. you thought it was really misinterpreted.

it would be fun to know a specific example. whenrst of all, often there are cartoon controversies, one reason is that the symbolism over takes the idea that you are trying to get across. and people do not understand what you are trying to say. ago when a few years we were in iraq. america was starting to understand that we were torturing people. i thought that that is what our enemies do. i realizedbout it, after i did the cartoon and it ran, the symbolism was too strong. hooded was -- i drew two figures, one was in america holding -- an american holding a whip.a

another was an al qaeda member with a serrated knife. the american was holding a book called "torture etiquette." the al qaeda guy was telling him to go to page, paragraph, line. a particularly great cartoon. people think everything in a newspaper is a big controversy or a big sinister thing, a conspiracy. samertoon ran, but on the -- on the opinion page, there was a black-and-white photo of two american servicemen who have been headed -- who had been beheaded by al qaeda. the combination -- people went nuts. this was at a point where people had not process that we were torturing, people were still denying.

people started complaining, it became a big fan. -- big thing. we had security, i was getting death threats. then, they wanted me to be on fox news. fox news -- the bill o'reilly show. i baked my editor to go on -- i editor to go on and explain this. she thought it would be misinterpreted or i would do something stupid. she did not let me go on. they did the most nasty, one- sided thing on their. -- on there. it all started dying down, but the big car dealership in atlanta, they took out a full-page ad with the letter from the president of rbm saying that we have the freedom to do what we want and say what we

want, but this cartoon was beyond. it just generated all the crap again. i was so glad when that was over. i do not know if you guys -- if it has been the same thing with the symbolizing overriding the idea. as well.into that also, we do so many cartoons that are considered fine -- fun ny. it is when you have to switch gears and do something serious. respectful and pay tribute. everyone is expecting you to crack a joke. mind was a local -- mine was a local cartoon about a local school. it wasmisunderstood nothing compared to that, though.

i have not gotten any death threats. i am still holding out for some. [laughter] >> i had a situation that was along the lines of what happened with mike. 200'0's whenthe mid- the israeli government under ariel sharon had a policy of bulldozing the homes of palestinian terrorists' family members. and the bush administration many allies thought that this advised policy. controversial within israel and outside. i was doing a cartoon that was basically -- also, bush was don't do tell sharon this. sharon was doing whatever he wanted. arafat as a cat being chased by a big bulldog, sharon.

he was pulling through the air, george bush, he was saying the boy, sit, stay. i thought it was a good cartoon. sometime between the time i finished the cartoon and the next morning's paper, a terrorist bomb attack in tel aviv killed about 80 people. two buses. the next morning, all the images were this carnage. then people turn to the editorial pages and see a cartoon of me blaming sharon. i became the hot button on all the talk shows and all the fallout. it was also revealed that two weeks later i was slated to give a talk in baltimore right in the heart of the jewish community. that was going to be a focal point of a lot of protests. the library contacted me and said that they were getting

threats. we should go on with this. i said do whatever you like. in the u.s., if we cannot have a civil discussion in a library, where else can we do it? we got a lot of security, went down there, it was mayhem, chaos. people wanted to shut it down. it was a misunderstanding. it touched a raw nerve. the room is about the size, packed with folks. presentation. i told everyone that we are definitely going to be addressing the issue that everyone wanted to hear. slides ofgh the cartoons of controversy that have been done over the years. then i bring up that cartoon. it was like a bad movie, people god."d, "oh my it was something else.

everyone who has something to say in this room was going to have an opportunity to say it. i was going to stay here till next week if required. it is a wonderful thing, both to let the air out of the bag and the air out of the room. it also served something that is very special in our society, we can vent and say these things. hopefully, we can say them in a civilized fashion. it turned out to be a great exercise in democracy. found yourself being more careful about cartoons related to israel? >> no. you could see where there was a misunderstanding with that. we are all aware of what happened with the danish cartoonist. beenuys like us who have in the game, we know that there are landmines. you have to be careful about how you manage these things. issues to do with abortion in the u.s., guns, race, arab-

israeli relations. in other countries, they have be aware red lines to of. what a cartoonist can get away with an san francisco may be different than in alabama. you have to understand your audience. i think mike made a really good point. it is often not what you say, it is how you say it that gets you in trouble. f you can actually -- i don't think there is any subject that is off-balance, it is a matter of finding the best way to do an effective cartoon. "washington journal -- >> i think cartoonists that get in the most trouble are the guys who rush out and try to be first rather than giving it thought. a little bit of time in between an event and the cartoon goes a long way towards avoiding some

of that controversy. each of our guests are now going to share some of their favorite cartoons. why don't we start with you -- er?do i get a click >> can i stand up and walk around? great, thank you very much. this is huge fun. this is my first cartoon, a very important cartoon. [laughter] i thought it was important to show this. this is important because this has got abraham lincoln, the gettysburg address. this cartoon inspired a feature- length motion pitcher starring -- motion picture starring daniel day-lewis.

i do this at age six. everyone is drawing at age six. most people drop off. the idea of trying to capture reality with lines. as cartoonists, we stay six- year-olds for the rest of our lives. it is the notion of how brains work to capture things. as we mentioned, over the years, covers for 140 different magazines. each of these have interesting stories behind them. here is a curious story about this. , we were998 economically booming. now, we are coming out of deficits. this was the lead up to the state of the union address. "the economist does quit was

doing a cover story about bill clinton, who wanted to -- the economist was doing a cover story about the clinton who wanted to spend a lot of money. he was like a kid in a candy shop, what could he spend it on? i did this cartoon, obvious -- all these gals with sweets. we go to press on a wednesday. wednesday at noon, the monica lewinsky story breaks. [laughter] they scrap the lead editorial, they look at my cartoon and say we are going to use that cartoon. i thought that was great. cartoons, stories about what it is like for a cartoonist before and after the internet. cartoon, way back when

onto therbachev came scene and the soviet union, he was a new kind of russian leader. young and hip. i was working in the u.k., i have -- i have lived there for 11 years. have a great idea. let's turn mikael gorbachev into a new character -- miami vice. the problem was, before the internet, how do i get pictures of miami vice? how could i drop a miami vice -- draw a miami vice picture? my wife and i went shopping in to getn, we did our best that was not my car, but that was my out of it.