...

[applause] >> please be seated everybody. we'll may have a couple of seats today. good afternoon, everyone. today, we are truly honored to be joined by president barack obama. mr. president, on behalf of

myry fbi employee, it is privilege to welcome you back to fbi headquarters. [applause] we also have a number of other special guests here today, including former directors. a special welcome back to former director mueller and his wife. we also welcome former attorney c --als ashcroft and mckay mccasey. i would also like to take a moment to it knowledge our obama joining president and director james comey on the stage.

-- directoralker comey was his first law clerk when he was in the southern district of new york. comey's wife patrice. thank you for taking part in today's ceremony. also, the director's children. welcome. [applause] also, director comey's brother

and sister. we welcome you. a special welcome to director comey's father. welcome. [applause] we are here today for two purposes. wast, director james comey sworn in in a privates or money privatember 4 -- ceremony on september 4. second, we wanted to be able to officially welcome director james comey and his family into the fbi's family. [applause]

we are all honored to mark this thesion along with director's family and his close friends. seated pleasee rise for the presentation of the colors. please remain standing for the singing of the national anthem , a retired newr york port authority police heardr, whose voice was at the funerals of so many of his colleagues killed on september 11.

♪ >> oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming whose broad stripes and bright stars perilous fight

ramparts we watched streamingllantly glaree rocket's red bursting in air gave proof through the night still thereg was star-spangledat banner yet wave, ore the land of the free bravee home of the

♪ [applause]

>> thank you. please be seated. next, please join me in robert dorch.rend [applause] >> good morning, mr. president. good morning to my friend, jim, director comey. and judge walker. 17 you believe when we met years ago in richmond and we were able to work together in some of the toughest

communities? it has been said the teamwork makes the dream work. a has been a privilege to be part of your team as we worked together to make a difference. as many of you can attest or will learn, jim is the ultimate servant, leader, and team player. we want to prey on this occasion that god will bless this moment -- pray on this occasion that god will bless this moment. dear god, we acknowledge that you are the creator of life. we thank you for the breath of your spirit the fills us with life, hope, and opportunity. we thank you for this moment to celebrate the installation of james comey as the director of the fbi. bless the ceremony and everyone who is a part of this occasion. we thank you for those who come before us and pave the way for us to have the opportunities we

have. we thank you for the men and whon and their families sacrificed to serve our country so we can enjoy the fruits of freedom. we thank you for jim and his willingness to accept your call to serve as the director of the fbi. for such auipped him time as this, to serve this nation and to bless this world. as he embarks on this journey, i ask that you will bless him and patrice and their family. need toem with all they be successful. bless jim with the faith to call on you, the fortitude to forge ahead, and the love and support that only family and friends can give him. isss him with a team who committed and caring. bless them with peace of mind when days get hectic and harry. -- hairy.

resiliencewith the when setbacks come his way. now i pray that not only will you bless jim, but you will bless america. and not only bless where we live, but bless how we live. bless america with a shared vision and perfect us where we embrace our differences and continue to strive to work together to continue to build a better america where freedom, democracy, and justice shine like stars in the night for all americans. not only do we ask that you bless us as america, but less the world -- bless the world in which we live, where love will be the common thread that connects us. this is our prayer on this day. and all of god's people together said amen, amen, and amen.

god loves you and god bless you. [applause] >> thank you, reverend dortch. now i would like to invite judge walker, mrs. comey, and director comey for the real administration -- to come forward for the real administration of office. >> i will be very brief. before we do the oath of office, i wanted to say that this is a very proud day for james comey, patrice, and for his five

children. for president obama, attorney general holder, and for this judge of first hired jim s's first law clerk 28 years ago. the menen prouder for and women of the fbi. including beat former fbi directors and former attorney general's, many of whom are here today. ever since our year together, which was great fun by the way, i have told jim to watch his head. jim didn't need any prompting from me. he is a modest guy. he has always been serious about his work, but he never takes himself too seriously. after that first year, i had high expectations for him. exceeded due to the

open, generous, and modest person he is. he is a fine lawyer, hard- working and smart. he is also a natural leader who inspires those around him. his ability to inspire has been evident throughout his remarkable career in law enforcement. a decorated assistant u.s. attorney in new york and virginia, u.s. attorney for the southern district of new york, deputy attorney general under , herney general ashcroft has achieved what one thought was the pinnacle of a law enforcement career and now this. makes this experience them particularly well suited to lead the fbi as its director. doesderstands the justice not just happen because we are a great constitutional democracy. it depends upon the hard work of

thousands of men and women for whom the ideals of justice are a reality every day. and women of the fbi, i can say that jim appreciates the full worth of would you do. you can be sure that your director will steer a straight course. insist that investigations be thoroughly pursued wherever they may go and is a formal -- former prosecutor, he will lead against that struggle. he will be independent and a town in which politics determine town in whicha politics determines so much. there will be no room and the fbi for untoward influence. as a law clerk, he took the oath of public office that he will not take, the very same oath. , these words have a special meaning. as it had in the past, it will

guide jim's tenure as the fbi director. shall we administer the oath? please raise your right hand and repeat after me. >> i james b. comey do solemnly swear that i will support and depend the -- defend the constitution of the united states against all enemies, foreign and domestic. that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the same that i take this obligation freely without mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that i will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which i am about to enter, so help me god.

>> congratulations. >> thank you. [applause] >> it is official. [laughter] in april 2009, we were honored to welcome president obama to fbi headquarters for the first time. [cheers] honored tore equally have him here with us. ladies and gentlemen, the 44th president of the united states, president barack obama. [applause] >> thank you. thank you, fbi. thank you so much.

thank you very much. please, everybody be seated. those of you who have seats. [laughter] good afternoon, everybody. i am so proud to be here and stand with so many dedicated men and women of the fbi. you are the best of the best. day in and out, you work tirelessly to confront the most dangerous threats our nation faces. you served with courage. you served with integrity. you protect americans at home and abroad. you lock up criminals. you secure the homeland against the threat of terrorism. without a lot of fanfare or seeking the spotlight, you do your jobs. all the while, upholding our

most cherished values and the rule of law. fidelity, bravery, integrity. that is your motto. today, we're here to welcome a remarkable new leader for this remarkable institution, one who lives those principles out every single day. before i get to jim, i want to thank all of the predecessors here today. we're grateful for your service. i have to give a special shout out to bob mueller who served longer than he was supposed to. but he was such a extraordinary leader through some of the most difficult times we have had in national security.

i consider him a friend. i am so grateful for him being here today. thank you very much. [applause] jim has dedicated his life to defending our laws, to making sure all americans can trust our justice system to protect their rights and well-being. he is the grandson of a beat cop. he is the prosecutor who helped bring down the gambinos. he is the relentless attorney who helped to stem the bloody tied of gun violence, wipeout white-collar time, deliver justice to terrorists. it is just about impossible to find a matter of justice he has not tackled. it is hard to imagine someone who is not more uniquely qualified to lead a bureau that

covers all of it. traditional threats like violent and organized crime to constantly changing threats like terrorism and cyber security. he has the resume. jim is also a famously cool character. the calmest in the room during a crisis. here is what a fellow former prosecutor said about him. he said you know the rudyard kipling line, "if you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs" -- that is jim. there is a story during the time of his prosecution of the gambino crime family. during the trial, he won an award by the new york association. a note was passed across the

aisle to the prosecutor's table. it was handed to jim and read, congratulations, no one deserves it more. you are a true professional. sincerely, lorenzo. [laughter] we do not know how sincere he was. we do not know whether this was a veiled threat or a plea for leniency or an honest compliment. but i think it is fair to say jim has won the respect of folks across the spectrum, including lorenzo. [laughter] the most effective weapon against crime is cooperation. he has worked with many of the more than 35,000 members of the fbi during his career. it is his admiration and respect

for all of you individually, his recognition of the hard work that you do every day, sometimes under extraordinarily difficult circumstances, not just the folks in the field but also those working in the back rooms doing the hard work out of sight. his recognition that your mission is important is what compelled him to answer the call to serve his country again. the fbi joins forces with our intelligence, military, and homeland security professionals to break up all manner of threats from taking down drug rings to stopping those who prey on children to breaking up al qaeda cells and thwarting their plots. your mission is changing because the threats are changing.

i will keep fighting for resources produced by sequestration because our country asks and expects a lot from you. we should make sure you have the resources you need to do the job, especially when many of your colleagues put their lives on the line on a daily basis to serve and protect our fellow citizens. the least we can do is make sure you have the resources for it and your operations are not disrupted because of politics in this country. [applause] the good news is things like courage, leadership, judgment, and compassion, those resources are potentially inexhaustible. that is why it is critical we seek out the best people to serve. folks who have earned the public trust, who have excellent judgment in even the most difficult circumstances. those who possess not just a

keen knowledge of the law, but also a moral compass that they and we can always count on. that is who we have got in jim comey. i interviewed a number of extraordinary candidates for this job, all with sterling credentials. what gave me confidence that this was the right man for the job was not his degrees or resume. it was in talking to him and seeing his amazing family, a sense that this is somebody who knows what is right and wrong. and is willing to act on that basis every day. that is why i am so grateful he signed up to serve again. i will spare you another joke about how today no one stands taller. [laughter]

i simply want to thank jim for accepting this role. i want to thank patrice, the five remarkable children they have got, because jobs like this are a team effort. i want to thank most of all the men and women of the fbi. i am proud of your work. i am grateful for your service. i am confident this agency will continue to flourish with jim at the helm. if he gets lost in the building, i want you guys to help them out because i guarantee he will have your back. make sure you have got his back as well. thank you, everybody. god bless you. [applause] >> now ladies and gentlemen, it

is my honor to introduce the seventh director of the federal bureau of investigation, james b. comey. [applause] >> thank you. thank you, mr. president, for gracing us with your presence, for honoring us, and speaking so eloquently about the mission of the fbi in its great people. thank you to my friends and family gathered here today. my entire life is literally represented in this crowd. it is a pretty picture. these are the people i have

known and loved literally my entire life and from whom i have learned so much. i'm especially grateful my dad and sister and brothers could be here today. i wish so much mom could be here to enjoy this amazing day. i can still hear ringing in my tired teenage ears her voice as she snapped open the shades every morning and said, " rise and shine and show the world what you are made of." i found it less inspiring at the time. [laughter] but it made us who we are. i will never forget that. to my five children and amazing bride who talked me into being interviewed for this job, of course with the caveat that she would be ok because the president would never pick me. [laughter] i have to say this is your last

chance to talk to him about it. [laughter] mr. president, i am so grateful for this honor and opportunity to serve with the men and women of the fbi. they are standing all around this great courtyard and standing on duty all around this country and world at this moment. i know already this is the best job i have ever had and will ever have. that is because i have a front row seat to watch the work of a remarkable group of people who serve this country, folks from all walks of life who join the fbi for the same reason. they were teachers, soldiers, police officers, scholars, software engineers, people from all walks of life who wanted to do good for a living. they wanted jobs with moral content, so they joined this great organization. i thought about them as i stood in this courtyard a week ago and showed a visiting foreign leader the statue that overlooks the ceremony.

it is an artist's depiction of the words from our shield of the president mentioned. fidelity, bravery, and integrity. as i thought about that statue and those words, i thought i would take a few minutes to tell you about those words and why they along on the shield. the dictionary defines fidelity as a strict and continuing faithfulness to an obligation, trust, or duty. to my mind that word reminds us the fbi must abide two obligations at the same time. first, the fbi must be independent of all political forces or interests in this country. in a real sense, it must stand apart from other institutions in american life. second, at the same time, it must be part of the united states department of justice and constrained by the rule of law and checks and balances built

into our brilliant design by our nation's founders. there is a tension reflected in those two aspects of fidelity, those two values i see in that word. i think that tension is reflected in the term i have begun. the term is 10 years to ensure independence, but it is a fixed term to ensure power does not become concentrated in one person and unconstrained. the need for reflection and constraint of power is what led louis freeh to order all new agent classes visit the holocaust museum in washington so they could see, feel, and hear in a palpable way the consequences of an abuse of power on a massive, almost unimaginable scale. bob mueller continued that practice. i will again when we have agents graduating from quantico.

the balance reflected in my term is also a product of lessons hard learned from the history of this great institution. our first half-century or so was a time of great progress and achievement for our country and the bureau. it also saw abuse and overreach, most famously with respect to martin luther king and others who were viewed as security threats. as i think about the unique balance represented by fidelity on one hand and the rule of law on the other, i think it also offers me the opportunity to recommend all agents visit the martin luther king museum in washington. i think it will serve as a different lesson, one more personal to the bureau, of the dangers of becoming untethered to oversight and accountability. that word "fidelity" belongs on our shield. next, bravery.

we have perpetrated a myth that being brave means not being afraid. that is wrong. mark twain said bravery is resistance to and mastery of fear, not the absence of fear. if you have ever talked to a special agent that you know well and ask about a dangerous encounter they were involved in, they will almost always give you the same answer. i did it, but i was scared the whole time. but that is the essence of bravery. only a crazy person would not fear approaching a car with tinted windows during a late- night stop or pounding up a flight of stairs to execute a search warrant or roping from a helicopter into hostile fire. real agents, like real people, feel the fear in the pit of their stomachs. the difference between them and most folks is they do it anyway, and they volunteer to do it for a living.

what makes the bravery of the men and women of the fbi so special is they know exactly what they are in for. they spent weeks in an academy learning how hard and dangerous the work is. then they raise their right hands and take an oath and do the work anyway. they have seen the wall of honor that i hope my guests will get to see in the building with pictures and links to the lives of those who gave the last full measure of devotion to this country as fbi employees. general sherman said i would define true courage to be a perfect sensibility of the measure of danger and the mental willingness to endure it. i called a special agent a few weeks ago after he had been shot during an arrest. i knew before i called him he had already been injured severely twice in his career.

once in a terrorist bombing and once in a helicopter crash. when i got him on the phone, i got the strong since he could not wait to get me off the phone. he was embarrassed by my call. mr. director, it was a through and through wound, no big deal. he was more worried about his bureau car he had left at the scene of the shooting. he felt ok because his wife who was also a special agent would go get the car, so everything was fine. the men and women of this organization understand perfectly the danger they are in everyday and choose to endure it because they believe in this mission. that is why bravery belongs on our shield. finally, integrity. integrity is derived from the latin word meaning whole. a person of integrity is complete, undivided. sincerity, decency, trustworthy are synonyms of integrity. it is on our shield because it

is the quality that makes possible all the good that we do, because everything we do requires we be believed. whether that is promising a source we will protect her, telling a jury what we saw or heard, or telling a congressional oversight committee or the american people what we're doing with our power and authorities. we must be believed. without integrity, all is lost. we cannot do the good that all of these amazing people signed up to do. the fbi's reputation for integrity is a gift given to every new employee by those who went before. but it is a gift that must be protected and earned every day. we protect that gift by making mistakes and admitting them, by making promises and keeping them, and by realizing nothing, no case, source, or fear of embarrassment, is worth

jeopardizing the gift of integrity. integrity must be on the fbi shield. those three words -- fidelity, bravery, and integrity -- capture the essence of the fbi and its people. they also explain why i am here. i wanted to be here to work alongside those people, to represent them and help them accomplish their mission, and to just be their colleague. it is an honor and challenge beyond description. i will do my best to be worthy of it. thank you very much. [applause]

>> thank you, director comey. please welcome back to me we'll back, jimmy w heeler. >> ♪ [singing] god bless america land that i love

stand beside her and guide her through the night with a light from above mountains, to the prairies, to the ocean white with foam, god bless america home,e sweet god bless america homeme sweet ♪ [applause]

>> thank you once again. i want to thank all of our special guest. comey's family and particularly my fbi brethren for honoring the special day. thank you everyone. we would ask that you remain seated while the president and c and his family exit the building. thank you very much. [applause] >> on the next "washington journal," we will focus on intelligence gathering agencies and the use of drones.

by a newlso be joined jersey democrat and member of the ways in means committee. he will also take her questions about recovery from hurricane sandy. journal" is live on c-span every day at 7:00 eastern. >> the head of the centers for medicare and medicaid services will testify this morning before the house ways and means committee about implementing the health care law and about healthcare.gov. also, the house intelligence nsaittee will examine surveillance programs. witnesses will include james clapper, james cole, and keith

alexander. >> defense secretary chuck hagel held a news conference with the defense minister of new zealand. he was asked about nsa spying and iran's nuclear program. this is 15 minutes. >> afternoon. aftert afternoon -- good noon. jonathan coleman and i just finished a working lunch where we reinforced of the close ties between the united states and new zealand. having fought together in every major conflict of the last century, including afghanistan, our bonds are rooted in common interests but also in the

history and values we share. our partnership is important. it is important to peace and prosperity in the asia-pacific and the united states remains committed to strengthening this partnership as one opponent of our rebalance to the region. we emphasized the significant progress we have made in expanding our defense cooperation since the washington declaration was signed last year. in addition to high-level visits like this one, we have had a productive set of exercises and training initiatives. the first joint defense policy talks in almost three decades and a successful meeting of pacific army chiefs from asia- pacific nations, which are two nations -- our two nations cochaired. global peacekeeping operations is a part of where we hope to improve our partnership.

we will continue to work more closely together on peacekeeping issues. new zealand will provide military instructors to the us- led global peacekeeping operation initiative beginning next year. benefitsiscussed the of our increased cooperation on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief and asia- pacific. our nations have let multilateral exercises to help improve coordination in these areas. demonstrating our ability to work together in the interest of the region. all of our coal operation underscores -- cooperation -- near-term steps include military to military talks next month in honolulu, new zealand's deployment of a frigate to the anti-piracy coalition, and the united states' cooperation in the

multinational exercise with new zealand. we look forward to new zealand's participation in the world's largest naval exercise. i authorized a new zealand navy ship to dock at pearl harbor. i extended an invitation to minister coleman. time inl be the first new zealand navy ship has visited pearl harbor in 30 years. ship willg of the also strengthen the relationship and add to the rebalance to the pacific. i will ask for minister coleman for his comments. to begin by saying it is great to be here in washington. thank you for your hospitality. as you outlined, there is a long history between the u.s. and new zealand.

it is a history built on common values. todaytheme of our talk was looking forward to future cooperation with the u.s., we are looking for common ground where we can extend cooperation. we are very keen to help build peacekeeping capacity amongst nations across the asia-pacific region. we have made great strides over the last two years on the back of the wellington decoration -- declaration and the washington declaration. we greatly appreciate the restriction of docking ships in u.s. ports. -- see these to risk resumption of military to military talks. we have not seen him for a

number of decades. we are looking forward to continuing a great, businesses usual relationship where our people are exercising regularly together. talked about the u.s. rebalance to our part of the world. new zealand welcomes that. is theitary side of that public manifestation. thereint i made is that is the diplomatically, the trade diplomatic league, the trade league -- which is very important to new zealand. we welcome this new climate of engagement we have with the u.s. right across a range of portfolio and policy areas. some high-level u.s. visits to new zealand over the past couple of years.

in return, you have made our ministers very welcome. we are looking forward to our prime minister potentially being able to visit the u.s., coming care to washington dc in the first half of next year. hospitality. your the relationship is in great shape. there is a great future to come between our two countries. the military to military defense copper -- cooperation is one part of that. thank you. >> think you very much. -- thank you very much. >> no opportunity should be passed up to remote new zealand. when secretary hagel is mowing his lawn's, i hope he will spare a thought for new zealand.

, mr. you very much secretary. i would like to give you this. >> thank you. [laughter] a high honor indeed. i'm completely unworthy. i shall accept it nonetheless in the spirit that you have given it on behalf of all the nerdy wells seatedr do over in the shadows. thank you and good luck. i know you are very proud of those guys. thank you very much. don't you take it. [laughter] thank you. very much. barbara. >> we would like to hear about your views about what has been

going on with the national security agency. because you jointly oversee the a senior member of the national security community, this is in your portfolio as well. what did you know about the collection of intelligence from communications? when did you know about it? have you discussed it with the president? do you feel it is appropriate, why is it appropriate? mr. minister, how worried is your government that the united states is intercepting your communications and what does this do to new zealand's trust with the u.s.? barbara, i don't discuss conversations in national security council meetings. i certainly don't discuss publicly conversations we had regarding intelligence.

we are examining all of the different dynamics that are now out there and the procedures and the processes. the white house has been very clear on that. those who lead our intelligence community have been very clear on that. we have great respect for our partners, our allies who cooperate with us and we cooperate with them to try to keep the world safe and to keep each other safe, to keep our nation safe. intelligence is a key part of that. i think this issue will continue to be explored, as it is now. has said thatouse the president did not know about this until the review this summer of communications intelligence policy. it seems that if he didn't know it, it is unlikely that you didn't know about it. did you know about it?

>> like i said, i don't comment on intelligence matters. that is all i have to say about it. >> mr. minister? >> new zealand is not worried at all about it. we don't believe it would be occurring. there would be nothing that we wouldn't say privately that we wouldn't be willing to share publicly or have cartoons in our public papers. i don't think new zealand has anything to worry about and we have high trust in our relationships with the u.s.. withu agree or disagree the israeli prime minister that iran would produce enough bomb?m for a nuclear there was a report last week that concluded that it would be a month before iran could have enough for a bomb.

do you agree or disagree? mr. minister, what is your country's assessment? communityelligence and the intelligence community's of our allies have varying interpretations of timelines on the capability and capacity they possess. the main point is that we are findng right now to try to some high ground here to resolve the issue that we believe is a significant threat to the future of the middle east and our security. the president has been very clear on this. willosition is that iran not be allowed the capability to develop nuclear weapons capacity. burying timelines -- varying timelines vary.

there are varying degrees of intelligence on timelines. >> i don't have anything to add with regard to timelines. what i would say is that the iranians are not allowed to develop this capability. it is important to continue this engagement with them and continue pressure to make sure that this does not happen. cleargoing to be very with the free world's view on this. they cannot develop the capability. what effect will sequestration have on the asia rebalance? are there any u.s. weapons programs or acquisition issues you hope to get closer with the united states on?

>> first, on sequestration and rebalance,cts the continued sequestration cuts will affect all of our plans in all areas. at the same time, this rebalance is a priority. priority in the budget presentation we made. we will do it again in 2015. to protect that rebalance in every way we can. the reality is when you take a kind of cuts that the pentagon has been taking this year and if we continue to take those kind billion onover $50 track for next year -- it affects us in every way. prioritization-- of the asia rebalance is that the top of the list, as well as

cyber. we are not looking specifically at any new weapons systems that the u.s. may have. what we have is a detailed defense capability program. it is basically based around the development of a joint amphibious task force. as capability comes up for renewal, we go out to the market and see if we can meet our requirements at the best price. it might be a u.s. provider or a might be korea or somewhere else. we're not looking at capabilities that the u.s. has an saying, oh look, we want to get in on the deal. we are a small defense force. we need capabilities that support those very specific things that we need to do, largely in the southwest pacific . largely run amphibious capability. around amphibious capability.

we can see a situation where we would need that capability or be able to afford it. and that is where we are. >> thank you. >> thank you. cheers. and a few moments, former florida governor jeb bush is honored by the jack kemp foundation. "washington journal" is live at 7:00 eastern. >> the head of the centers for medicare and medicaid services will testify this morning before the house ways and means committee about implementing the health care law and the website healthcare.gov. we will have that live at 10:00 eastern on c-span three. also, the house intelligence committee will examine nsa

surveillance programs. witnesses include james clapper, alexander. and keith >> former florida governor jeb bush says conservatives will have a difficult time regaining power nationally unless they are more politically inclusive. he was honored at an event last night by the jack kemp foundation that included remarks by house speaker john boehner. this is one hour. all are much more orderly than my four boys at home. thank you all for being here this evening. mplcome to the 20 or team kenm

leadership foundation. i would like you to welcome the speaker of the united states house of representatives, john boehner. [applause] [applause] >> hi, everybody. all right, all right -- it's just me. you foret me say thank that great introduction you just gave me. [laughter] i am just sure to say welcome and a lot of you know i come from a big family and if i had food in front of me, i.e. did. -- i.e. ted. i will say what elizabeth taylor told her fifth husband -- honey,

i won't keep you long. [laughter] i'm proud to be here tonight to honor the memory of our friend jack kemp. i'm also especially honored to be here tonight to welcome your honoree, jeb bush. he is somebody who is my friend, somebody who i think epitomizes all the things that jack kemp laid out in his vision and did so as governor of the state of that,a and, on top of all he's a pretty good golf partner. 40 years ago, i thought about this this afternoon, 40 years ago, i was just married, i was about to take over a small business and i thought i was a democrat. fdr/w up in a household of hannity democrats and never thought much about it and was not politically active.

during the 1970s, i had this epiphany. this epiphany was brought about by two people -- ronald reagan and jack kemp. when you think about it, ronald reagan would talk about the , reagancity on a hill would exude all this optimism. about jack kemp in the 1970s. about anlking opportunity society, talking about low tax rates, trying to help everyone be there yes and america. coming from where i came from, it resonated a little bit.