communicators" looks at the future of television in the first part. that, washington is the focus -- martha washington is the focus in c-span series of first ladies. c-span, created by america's cable company in 1979 brought to you as a public service by your television provider. >> this week we focus on the future of television. we speak with julius genachowski and robert mcdowell. that is followed by a discussion with congressman greg walden. >> we are in a landscape that is absolutely shifted. there are areas of the statutory

scheme where it makes sense to look at and say, are those keeping up with the changes in the marketplace? having this kind of competition, programming innovation, access by new players to consumers and access by the traditional players to viewers in new ways. what is happening on tablets is amazing. what is starting to happen in the living room is very exciting. we are in an incredible time when it comes to delivery of video programming. there are issues. we heard it at the commission from distributors who are concerned about the cost of programming. consumers are concerned about the cost. that is an issue that we need to continue to look at. i think this is an area where the glass is half full at least because we are seeing exciting new competition and creativity in this part of the landscape.

>> i would say the glass is flowing over. i look at this market through the eyes of my kids. what are the consumption habits? they have more choices than any human being in history in terms of what is there in more conduits. very positivea marketplace right now and i think the law needs to be revised to reflect that. the fcc has zero authority to for bay -- forbear opportunity in the video him -- video realm and i think congress needs to help the fcc with that. these pipes if you're offering services over a twisted copper wire or if it is over coaxial cable, yet another

rule. the marketplace is converged well beyond that. are 80-year-old concepts and we need to move on up the congress needs to initiate a rewrite as soon as possible. >> the video world is going through enormous change. i think huge paradigm change right before our eyes. with the two to one decision in the court decision of the area case -- aereo case. they can download it off air and put it up on the internet and say that is ok. that has huge consequences potentially. you have been doing that in one market and talking about expanding. you have satellite providers thinking, we can get around retransmission, maybe we can do that. the wholeudden business model in the marketplace is getting tossed around pretty rapidly. >> you mentioned the aereo

decision. what is your take on that? >> i am surprised by that. i am not a tv guide but i look at that and think that is a disruptor in the marketplace that --per -- hopper is is a disruption. this has bigger consequences as people are beginning to read into it. >> just to piggyback off of that, as they progress through the courts and people have reacted to it, you have people talking about pulling their signals. how does that play out? >> that is part of the discussion because at some point produces a programming have to find a way to get paid. somebody has to pay the bills and a lot of that has been through the various financial arrangements by the providers and tv stations. away and somebody

is taking your product and putting it up on cable for free, all of a sudden you probably have to look at how you change that. --t is what chased cary chased gary was saying in his remarks and it lit up every switchboard in the telco world. he didn't say they were going to but i think this is the point i am making -- you have everybody saying, what just happened here with them? does that mean i get around pain retreads -- retransmission fees? if you are local broadcast provider, i don't think we know all of the implications. court doesn by one not make this global. >> he said you are not convinced retransmission consent fees need reform. >> that is true.

most of these agreements have been reached now. we want a marketplace that works. that is my fundamental philosophy. i want competitive marketplaces and i want the marketplace to work. i don't want government coming in until the marketplace fails. you have most of these retransmission consent agreements have been signed. some of them are not extended so theht years and marketplace has worked in that respect. i think that is a more efficient way to do with this -- to deal with this. agile nor as not good way to go. >> what you think of john mccain's -- of thee is a lot of talk pros and cons and certainly some of the smaller cable providers

if that's whate it is. if you can suddenly picked the shows you want. we still have that tier one where thet locally broadcast signals are there and you go above that. i don't know if he is talking about getting rid of that. again, you wonder what that does to thepricing model and wide range programming that is out there. there is a trade-off that says with the current system you get a lot more programming. consumers would not wanted, it would not exist otherwise. consumer demand would be for it. i think you have to be very careful. some think that will be great in work in other say that will be a disaster. able don't know what they are

getting into and suddenly you will pay more for sports programming and other programming. "theu are watching communicators" and this week our focus is the future of television. we will hear from chet kanojia followed by gordon smith, president of the national association of broadcasters. we then speak with michael powell, president of the national cable and telecommunications association. as a newnk of aereo way of thinking of how people are going to consume television in the future. it is an online platform which is directed consumers and people can get access today to live broadcast television along with a dvr device without a cable connection. it is just using the internet for the price of eight dollars a month. >> this is over the air

broadcast channels that people can get through your product? what am i holding in my hand? >> that is a key element of our technology. that is a micro antenna. how you use toas have over air antennas in the past. we miniaturized them. the purpose of miniaturizing them is we can build hundreds of thousands of these. allow thehat, we can cloud implementation of how a consumer can capture a signal which is really the big innovation here because the cloud technology allow us to lower the cost vary dramatically and lower barriers to consumers because suddenly you don't need boxes or cables, you just go online and sign up. >> what is it made out of? >> copper. >> is there a chip in your?

here? >> that is on a circuit board. the equipment looks like telecommunications equipment. >> are there cable channels that are a part of your service? >> we are working with bloomberg television. that seems to have done really well. it coincides with our view that televisions evolution is going to be what i call skinny live and deep libraries. -- andthat things are that are not time sensitive can be in the library's. ies. if you go to netflix or amazon, you have a lot of content. live forpeople want to things that are relevant,

and large sports reality shows and special events. we focus on news as the first category. we think we can open this platform up and allow these consumers to have access to different things. whenat is your response broadcasters say you are stealing the signal? >> at some point you have to call it what it is. it is name calling because when federal courts expressed its opinion that it is illegal -- it is a legal technology, it is difficult for me to look at it any other way except as name-calling. the fact of the matter is that this content is paid for by the consumers and advertising. that ourth clarifying

technology is only applied to free to air television. it is not apply to cable content or cable channels. case, it is a productive partnership. to evenfficult for me answer the question when you are required to program to consumers interests. a consumer has a their right to antenna and to an whether they buy from us or another place, it is not relevant. we have established a paradigm . is not ah of the wire matter of debate whether you live in the apartment building where you have a 50 foot wire or a 10 foot wire, how is that any different? respond that it is

true the second circuit denied a preliminary injunction against broadcasters. in the ninth circuit, eocase called aere killer, they held it was a violation of copyright. that happened yesterday. this will have to be some -- decided by the supreme court. the principle is if you want to put out our stuff and charge someone for it, that is a copyright issue. if they do not want to -- if they want to provide the service and not charge for it, they have a better case. alternately, when you take someone else's property and your resell it, you owe them. you should negotiate for it appeared -- for it.

eventually the courts will decide and the market will. as television broadcasting becomes more mobile -- it used to be ubiquitous. now it is on every device that you can have. it will create a real investment problem -- return on investment problem for them as a business model. >> another new technology that is treating headaches for broadcasters is the dish hopper. broadcasters lost their attempt to get a preliminary injunction there. it allows consumers to skip commercials. some folks have said that broadcasters would have to figure into the retransmission fee requests if they lose that case. can you give us your sense of where that is going? >> i think if it does not violate copyright, then it probably and most certainly does violate contract.

-- the becomes an issue hopper is aimed at broadcast content not at cable content. it is something of real concern to us. not per consumer, it is for them, for dish because they don't allow people to block out their ads, just ouyrs. i think all of my members, when it comes to doing content deals --h this, they will have to they have damages. for the future, it means you better have a different number in mind when you want to negotiate retransmission with dish. say follow the technology will -- technological reforms. -- first i would reserve

observed is the dramatic shift. the minute you're able to do more in software rather than proprietary hardware, the full creativity of software engineering comes into play. that is coming to television. whatu asked the consumer if the tv experience, they would talk about a box that sits above their tv. they will talk about a remote control. they will talk about the things they don't like about that. increasingly, the functions that those devices serve are going to be able to migrated -- to be migrated into software. i think you will get faster innovation cycles. a company like time warner or comcast can innovate overnight, not over the course of a hardware replacement. you starto that thinking about the other great trend we have seen ushered in by mobile in the app for -- and the

app environment. of software minuets that will deliver new experiences, taking advantage of the premium content we love, but also with the powerful information pipe. hope through creative minds that will combine to create really revolutionary new kinds of television. predicted thates most channels will be like hbo, subscription based. you will be able to watch almost à la cart. he didn't say that. >> i don't think you would. -- he would. that means many different things. what it means which i think is correct is that people will have a very anytime, anywhere device kind of approach to their television experience. my life as a child of appointment elevation -- when my

-- television -- when my show was on at 7:30 p.m. and i was out, i will miss it appeared i would have no opportunity to watch it again. i remember that anxiety. no child today has that experience already. the new dimension into that is the devices -- the new dimension that will come into that is the devices. that is why you see people talk about software and ip meaning if i can begin to speak the language of all computing devices him and then i can begin to port my experiences to all computing devices. that will give the consumer dramatically more power to choose time, place. i love "homeland." i have not seen sunday's episode yet. but i am picking and choosing when i want to see it. i was busy last night. the redskins were on monday night, but i would prefer to see

that. tonight, slower night, i might watch it tonight. when you start to have the ability to command content, things will look a lot more like that. what i don't agree with is as a tv watcher, i think people still love discovery. channel, but the ability to find surprises. or year, i giggle a little bit about some show that people are suddenly talking about that i don't think you could imagine choosing. if you came to me and said you wanted me to choose honey boo-boo or the show with the duck guy or a certain food channel network, i don't think if i had the predetermined that was my preference i would have never picked them. the ability to stumble on them

and hear people talking about -- iand go dabbling around, sort of like honey boo-boo and now i am watching it appeared that is a huge part of the american television experience. it is sold short moment get techno-ecstatic -- when we get techno-ecstatic. americans love the enjoyment of x case is him -- of escapism, roaming around and finding what things were not there. it is always been an odd thing. hard for you to know how much the ad is worth. you ran it, some creative group said you did a great job. then you do -- you go out and do consumer surveys. the internet provides much for real-time answers to those kinds of return on investment questions.

i think you see advertisers chasing a lot of digital ads because they learn more about the effectiveness of their messages. do not count the tv ad is dead. i think the ad has to become more entertainment. hilarious that the super bowl is much a parade of television ads as it is a football game. that is the day that advertisers go for it all. --y put their bets creative fast, creative ideas. the super bowl is expanding into the year. if you want me to buy doritos in july, you have to start showing me stuff against the really fragmented attention span that captures me like you did at the super bowl. maybe you don't have to pay super bowl prices but i think at entertainment value you had to

get my son whose world is so infected with media. how do you get out of that noise and get his attention? humor, other things that make things go viral. you have to get him out of a big coffin of space. >> you are still talking about mass media kind of advertising. in 20 years maybe we will reach a point where cable operators can serve up individually targeted ads to viewers based on what shows they have been watching over the course of days and weeks the way the internet contract where you have been? >> that think the short answer is there will be no technical limitations of being able to do that. it will be a behavioral decision whether to do that. that is exactly what happens on the web. now or io amazon right and you doews.com,

it exactly at the same time, we very well know may not see the exact same advertising. i guarantee aol.com you will not see the same. when you think about where tv is ip, metadata.are, the line between tv distribution and internet distribution becomes a lot fuzzier. what you're able to do in the internet model, you will be able to do even if the cable model is proprietary, the basic mechanisms will still be there. we could no if it -- we could know if it does not review out what you are watching. has an application out that they are experiencing which when you walk into the room it's a little system looks at your skeletal frame and knows it is you and not your son.

>> we are focusing on the future of television. we travel to the international show in las vegas and conical troy wolverton -- and caught up with troy wolverton. mckinney.ith phil >> an hd television is generally defined as one half -- that has 1080p. that means you have about 1080 lines of resolution by about 2000 columns of revolution -- resolution. on a 4k tv, you have double that. columns ofut 4000 resolution on a 4k tv. the resolution because both sides are doubled of the length

and columns, you get four times the rebels -- the resolution. useful on a big-screen tv. most experts would say it is useful on a 60 inch and above tv. tv, particularly if you're sitting up close to it, you can definitely tell the difference. there was a display on the other side of this wall where they were demonstrated -- demonstrating a newspaper text on the screen and they were showing what it looked like on a 1080p tv and a 4k tv. you can tell the difference. it is much sharper and clearer on a 4k tv than it is on a 1080p tv. the problem right now is that these tvs are very expensive. sony came out with its first 4k about they start off at $25,000. they are hoping to get those

prices down and it probably will but you are still talking about several times the cost of a regular 1080p tv at the same size. there is nooblem is content out there. sony distribute in with a 4k tv and hard drive that has 10 movies on appeared i watch a lot more than 10 movies in my regular viewing habits. you are not going to get your latest television shows and 4k. you would not get the vast majority of the latest movies and 4k -- in 4k. there is nothing out there in 4k right now. sony is trying to help that spur along. sony has a lot of big movies that i shot this day, they are shot in 4k but they are distributed int 2k. they are hoping to start moving the ball and get more into 4k.

frankly, i have my doubts that 4ky will get much out of unless there was a sizable market of consumers that will watch this content. why would they go through that process? there will be a considerable expense and contribute -- this riveting 4k -- distributing 4k. that happened with 3-d. there is not a lot of 3-d content out there and consumers are not interested. in the be even worse sense that it is only applicable to big sized televisions and the market, while it is growing, it is still a fraction of the total market. >> is the cable industry a growing industry? do you see a long future for them/ >> definitely.

our membership has worldwide, not just the u.s. if you look at areas like china, there are estimations that will be $30 billion in the cable industry. even here, we are still seeing growth. if you look at the growth rate in data usage from subscribers, we are seeing from anywhere from 50% rates in an annual basis and there is no slowing down. there is an insatiable hunger for faster speeds. the industry has a long future and we will be that provider of choice for the services. >> when you look 10 years on the road, how are people going to be viewing video and tv? the same way? >> the role of the second screen in the living room -- five years from now, what is the concept of a channel? we think of channels being linear.

how many of us really watch linear television in real time? we have kind of got into the model. my dvr in myd on living room but i want to watch it on my tablet when i am out. you will see an explosion of the devices in a way consumers want to enjoy the content. they want to enjoy it when they wanted and they want. they don't want to be tied to being home at a certain time. you will see a shift in what the concept of subscribing to a channel and you will see a shift as far as what device i want to enjoy it on. >> you're the watching "the communicators." see more on her website but clicking on the series tab and selecting the communicators.

c-span, created by america's cable company in 1979 brought to you as a public service by your television provider. >> and a few moans, our weekly encore recitation of "first ladies." firstt focus is america's first lady, martha washington. after that is a discussion on online prophecy. -- privacy. ♪ >> martha washington was george washington's confidante. >> she was very capable. she did not like that. she called herself a prisoner of state. >> by the same token that every step washington took to find the