period. there's never been a privacy breach in tsa. i'm endorsing the notion that you can have privacy and security, these two things can travel together. >> you got a bit worked up. i made a comment in the green room i would ask a philosophical question -- why is privacy such an important -- if i was growing up, if i walked to the k&b drugstore in new orleans and got a pack of marlboro, it would take 7 to 10 minutes before my parents would know that. i had no privacy in that regard. sometimes people confuse or they say privacy, which is a word we all love which when they really mean is anonymity. you get to do things anonymously in the society. for 2,000 to 3,000 years, we have not had anonymity.

if i do something like town, where i grew up. my community, people kind of know. without anonymity, we had to behave better than we do with. do you feel we need to preserve anonymity before we go about our liveles? >> in your small town, your parents, others, you, absolutely. but what didn't happen was that information wasn't tracked in perpetuity, forever. the ability to track information, your whereabouts, your mobility tracing is big. the ability of tracking this is not used the way it was intended. the reason we need privacy is -- it's such a basic concept. privacy is like breathing. you take it for granted until you need air and you're deprived

of it. if you look at states that morphed from free and democratic societies to totalitarian states, the first thread to arrival is privacy. the academics study this, point it out again and again that without privacy, you don't have freedom. >> why. >> the state has -- >> don't go to the extreme opposite. >> why do people morph into it. >> the presumption there is that somehow the state or the departments have every right to have access to all of this information about you. i'm not talking about information within your house, all of your activities that you engage in. privacy is about control. the individual has the ability to use that information.

>> not able to drive on an airline. >> not about concealment. it's about your choice of how to use information about your son. >> if i travel on airlines, does that remain private. >> not saying there aren't lots of places where you're required by law to get information. you give it gladly or you don't engage in that behavior. you fly, we don't have citizens, taxes, we have to pay the irs, of course, is required by law to get that information. we know the rules. but those are legitimate uses of information and the protection of that information by the organization. >> what about buying a gun? should i be able to do that privately? >> we can get into the gun debate. the point is, there are laws and the laws have to be followed. but the converse to that is that the government department is

collecting that information and only permitted to use that information for a very narrow purpose. they're not intended to use it for secondary purposes unrelated to that primary purpose of collection. it's very narrow. so privacy is about freedom and your ability to largely go about your activities as you wish subject to limited exceptions and subject, of course, to law enforcement. >> i agree with you. asking these questions. let me ask you, the limited purposes, do you feel you're using that information for purposes for which is not intended today, right now, say in the jane's department? >> i don't know it personally. >> how about security in general. >> homeland security, i worked with them. there's no issue. but i am going to point to the obvious which is to the nsa revelations that have come out. not just nsa, my country in canada, the csc, that kind of thing. that has revealed the massive scale of information about law-abiding citizens that are being collected.

let me point you and if you want the reference, i'll tell you after. excellent article on all of the false positives. it's you're identified as being a potential terrorist and you're not. it's a false hit. the enormity of the false positives is staggering and should be unacceptable to free and democratic societies such as ours. it's unacceptable. because those people are not off of the list. they're the false positives. until they are cleared, you can go through enormous problems and anxieties. it's outrage yous. >> well, i feel like a vitz tore from outer space here. because the crime story in new york is in two respects a distinction of the privacy and the municipal problem story.

in the first instance, it's as close to a solved problem that we thought was retractable. the homicide rate in new york this year will be down 86% from the homicide rate in the same city with the same population and the same structural problems 30 years ago. now that's astonishing. the second thing is that the changes that took place are relatively low tech. they are all located in public places. this is going to be important when you center the conversation on privacy. the changes that took place with the computer to be able to identify for the police force where crimes keep happening and where public drug markets are located.

that isn't rocket science even circa 1975. it was a change in policing strategy and it worked very well. now, what about privacy? well, in a funny sense, if you're talking about public places, you're talking about a serious problem that i think privacy is the wrong word for it. the reason for that is public places are too dangerous for the autonomy we associate normally with privacy. so for instance, if you want to talk about 700,000 stops and frisks in 2011 and 2012 and the fact that they keep talk happening to the same people in the same neighborhoods and the false positive rate is hovering around 98% as anna expressed,

you have a serious cost, serious problem, serious benefits. it's not about privacy. what it's about is government having to respect the dignity and autonomy of people in the streets even though they know things about them that require relationship between government and -- >> how has technology and the new command center we're going to see today change that? >> it doesn't change that. that's the relationship between individual people if machines could stop us and frisk us, that does happen in the airport folks that are going to travel, in a happening to the same people in funny sense, the indignity in the process, the power competition when two people with too much testosterones are on the sending and receiving ends

of the stops and frisks doesn't happen. this is human relations and i think as soon as what you have is a polite use of government, a polite use of technology. and some notion that the autonomy of the false positive if everybody who is stopped and frisked is treated as if they are guilty, then you're going be 99% wrong. on the other hand, i don't mind going through a machine if i'm one of 100,000 people who is coming to see the president of the united states and there are people who are trying to make sure that none of the 100,000 are armed and dangerous. >> let me open it up, if i may, if we can turn the lights up a little bit so i can see.

raise your hands, questions? >> back to your innovation comment? >> yeah. >> and this gentleman here. >> one quick comment there. >> i never answered -- >> the question about innovation. i'll make this really fals. the reason privacy is so important to innovation, i say this as a psychologist, we have a limited amount of bandwidth. we have a limited ability to focus on various things if we're living in a society we think we're constantly being surveyed. people are watching this. everybody is watching us all th time. imagine you live in the time of nazi germany which is, of course, nonsense. if you live in the society where you were constantly being surveyed and watched? what do you do? engage in self-destructive behavior. they shield their behavior. not because they're doing

anything wrong, but they don't like to be watched and surveyed. the focus shifts away from creativity and risk taking which you need, because there's limited amount of what you can focus on. the cognitive bandwidth is important. we want to encourage freedom and the notion that you're not constantly unsurveilled. one of the professors, leading economist, he recently had a broken and he wrote about how important freedom was in invoking innovation. he was worried china wasn't going in that direction because their freedom is restricted. not official, but essential to innovative pursuits. >> not going to sit here and

listen to comparisons to nazi germany. >> she didn't mean it that way. she pulled it back. we get her pull-back. >> i meant no respect at all. nothing like that. listen to comparisons to nazi germany. >> she didn't mean it that way. what i say is if you look at countries like that and you look at what changed in those societies during a time of heightened surveillance, what changes is people alter their behavior. they automatically shield instinctively and what goes is innovation, creativity, and freedom. >> what's happening right now, economist, he recently had a three norms are emerging, not only in this society, but globally. people have expectations of inclusivity. they have expectations of transparency. they have expectations of reciprocity. if it's good enough for you, making me do this or are you doing this? in response to this. so this is -- there are global movement antidotes and rep actions to excesses. the privacy community is not the only one outraged.

>> we had an officer involved shooting that was resolved because someone held it over the window seal and approved it. i tried on the google glasses, i realized if we gave one of these to each officer and said start filming. we in cities are going to have to figure it out. anyone think that the federal communications commission is going to keep up with this pace of change? >> add it to the list. >> so we have to figure out what the boundaries and protocols are for the use of technology and public safety. because it's exploding quickly. i would be interested if any of the panelists have any thoughts on who the regulator might be if not us at the municipal level, when who? >> i can tell you how

regulations will be involved. that is if the security device is useful, it will be tried at the municipal level and if there are any norms that are going be invoked to limit it, they will probably be in different levels. we're sitting here in a city where there's an ongoing conversation now with the police department that innovates with security, and a federal court that tries to protect when there are costs imposed. but the point that i think i want to make is that first of all, cameras are so cheap now that in public places, if what you're concerned about is the right not to be filmed, game over. we now are going to be living

lives of record in public spaces. >> everything you do in public space will be on youtube at some point. >> it can be on youtube. someone has to be interested in it. >> i've watched youtube. that's not true. >> you don't like cats. >> correct. >> okay. the truth is, the issue that's going be crystallized in public space isn't privacy in that world. it's dignity and autonomy. it's regulating the way in which power is used rather than removing the power. and that's going to involve balances, obviously. but it's not a technology issue so much as a human relations and

political issue. you got to be comfortable with it. >> i don't disagree. it's both. human relations and technology. if i can just respond -- i work with my police chief all the time in toronto, canada. he has a slide he uses with the police officers saying that we have to take a positive sum approach to policing and privacy that you do both. that of course there are cameras. there are ways to do it. of course, they're everywhere. but when it's done by the police, the state, you can do the use. >> what about when it's not. everybody is talking about google glass? >> the big issue is it can do all these things. but unlike the camera where the person being recorded has no

notion that you're doing it. you don't have that notion with google glass. they identified certain light fixtures that come on. >> is there a way to hatch so you don't get the red light on if you don't have it. >> point-counterpoint. they're aware of the issues and actively trying to find measures to make it transparent. >> trust me, somebody will have a glass soon that's not transparent. even if it's -- >> it's not that you can't up the ante. but the point is that it's not a zero sum game. >> it's security. security is something that their society is assigned to their governments to handle. we want a safe street, governments police. governments are being the

monopolist in security space and they are in all except cyberspace. governments have not given the responsibility in cyberspace to keep us secure. we look at the trends and technology, on the one hand, we have an intelligence community that thinks it's 1947 and information is hard to get and the technology doesn't exist. but the most powerful companies have demonstrated the highly reliable, highly lucrative, important -- >> right out of time. >> you have to question. if we asked the people in the audience how many times they read a terms of service all the way through before they click agree, they would have a small show of hands. we're addicted to these technologies and we're arguing today about the battle between how big brother or little sister are using our data. what's the role that the public can play in this debate? what can we do ousts to insist

on a mode of behavior, not only by big brother and little sister, but among ousts to ensure that we can ensure the privacies and security. >> everybody gets to use that as their final answer. >> again, it seems to me that the question is about the use of power and technology is a power. but it is used in human relationships and so the politics of sorting through its solution is going to be a politics of individual dignity in power relations. >> jane. >> it's the accountability mechanism of this country that's in the hands of the people that is the most powerful mechanism of keeping the government honest in evolving in a complex situation. >> speak out, you have a strong voice. speak out and let your

politicians know what you want for the first time ever, 6 out of 10 meshes, every since polling happened, 6 out of 10 americans have rated privacy and civil liberties are more important to them than public safety and security. that's never happened before. you have to tell the government that you expect transparency, openness on their part, and hold them accountable. >> that's because 6 in 10 take security for granted. >> i would challenge that completely. privacy has traditionally been relegated to a lower category. now, with all of the revelations, as to how much the people don't know about what the government is doing, people are astound and they don't want that anymore and they're fighting back. that's what i urge you to do. >> that's our next panel. thank you. let me welcome two people who are on the front lines of this. thank you all very much. thank you

we have talked about how crime has gone down. his friend davis, police commissioner of the city of boston. thank you for joining us. >> reactions to what you just heard? >> you got your command center. tell us how that works and tell us the concerns you have about how that might invade privacy and cause people to react against you. ed putting down a bag in grand central. >> not the command center. the coordination center.

it has both public and private stake holders, police officers, and representatives of major companies. >> tell me what it does. >> what it does is it monitors a -- an array of cameras now about 5,000 cameras. many of them are smart cameras. not all, but by smart, i mean you can do video analytics on these cameras. for instance, if you want to go back 28 days, you want to see someone wearing a red shirlt, you can through algorithms put the information up and it will come up quickly. 28 days, after 30 dayings, it erases automatically. we put that in voluntarily. we worked with privacy advocates. we knew there would be some concern as we put in the mayor camera in the system. we put in a protocol that erases

after 30 days. i don't think -- i haven't heard major privacy concerns raised as a result the security initiative. and i believe that a lot of it was forestalled by working with the privacy advocates before we put the system in. >> tell many a little more about what new technologies you're using and give me a couple of examples of how it worked even though some people might have concerns about it. >> as i mentioned, we have the smart cameras that have license plate readers that are now all over law enforcement. they're really amazing pieces of equipment. because you can drive down the street at 60 miles per hour with licensed readers on the patrol car and read the license plates on both siefdz the street. it's an effective tool.

we have radiation detectors now that aren't actually worn as pagers which will tell you specifically let's say where the radio active material is moving. this is now sort of a state of the art something else we may be working with is facial recognition. that is very much work in progress. we have solved dozens of cases as a result of emerging official technology capabilities. we have software now that enables us to a whole hoels of things. sort of an eye insert. you can see someone whose eyes are closed. put the eyes in. mirror imagining, half a face. you can do the whole face. that is moving along. >> and the earlier panel, frank jud said that if instead of having stop and frisk, there was just a more awed automatic way,

you could detect people with guns, that's less invasive? >> we've been looking at something and looking at it for several years. working for metropolitan police and the d.o.d. research component. called terra hertz technology. everybody emits tera hertz radiation. and what it does is enables you to see someone carrying a weapon. the problem is so far that the device developed is too big. it doesn't have the rake range. we know what technology is like in 1986. that would be a major breakthrough as far as finding weapons on the street.

>> could you imagine ten years from now that technology being deployed around the city, just like you have cameras recording where people go, you could notice that somebody with the gun is moving in a certain neighborhood? >> not without a major fight. i think our lawyers are looking at the issues of -- fourth amendment issues are involved there. but this is -- this is something that you do in increments. and i don't know if ten years from now you see them, you know, positioned all over. you have to develop the technology and i think they would be concerns raised by -- by privacy. >> if you have privacy concerns in lower manhattan, you have advocates sitting with you, how do you do that? do you have in your department do you have in your department specialists and privacy and ethics issues? >> we don't have privacy down there.

but we do have attorneys that focus on this, the protocols that we put together by our attorneys. obviously, we live in the mostly tij yous city in the -- litigious city in the world. we have to be aware of ongoing litigation. privacy issues are among them. >> commissioner davis, walk us through technology help after the boston marathon. >> i was there before the bombs went off. after they went off, i recognized that there were thousands of cameras there. not just cameras along the street, which were basically owned by businesses. the city had very few cameras in that particular area. but we did have thousands of people who have iphones taking still shots and video of the finish line. my estimation based on what i was seeing that no one could move through the crowd without being observed. so after the bombs went off, our immediate focus is on retrieving as much video as we could get.

the video with the business is extremely important. we went to crowd sourcing on the internet and asked people to send us every clip and video shot they had taken. they came in so quickly that the fbi computer crashed. we had to rely on twitter and facebook to retrieve some of the photos. we got them all compiled in a hastily set up command post. it started with one computer. 12 computers there at the end at 12:00 going through that information. >> you said you asked people to send them in, did you collect privately-taken photographs without people's permission but doing it from public sites such as twitter or facebook and others where you could say, okay, these are people who posted at the boston marathon, let us post those photographs as well? >> we did everything possible. >> do you have concerns about people saying have they taken

photographs and put privately on the facebook accounts? >> the state of law is what we operate under. that's missed in the conversation. ray and i operate off of what's constitutionally acceptable. the supreme court said if this information in the public place, the video information in a public place, we can look at that. it's a little less clear as you get to facebook and twitter, right now, there are places that we can go legally and we go there. the problem with our profession is that unlike the medical profession with medical emphasis, we don't have that here. we operate off of a supreme court decision that always happens after the fact. so we're always behind the curve when it comes to change like we're seeing right now. we need to -- we need to look at that. we need to start a conversation among police officials in the community to talk about what's right and wrong. george was about 20 years off.

it's come at us so fast, no one knows how to deal with it. >> the boston bombers, afterwards, technology kicks into action immediately. was there a way to use technology more effectively to know these are bad actors planning something? >> you know, i think we have been focussed externally. we looked at the security apparatus in the federal government. ray has done a tremendous job here in making italo call. if you're dealing with boston, home grown extremists radicalized on the internet, a system has to be thought about. the debate of what the public is, the role of local police should be in that environment, it's clearly a threat that we're facing right now. we need to do more. i wish there was a computer system that we could find that would say these are the guys. but it's more about connecting with the community and having

good contacts in communities throughout the city. and being transparent and open about that. >> transparency and openness, it's come up three or four times. let me ask you a question. to pose all of that in revelations, instead of edward snowden revelations, the government just said, here's what we're doing. we're going to make this public right away. we're doing these type of things. if you don't like it, call your congressman. would that have been a better way to approach it. >> i believe so. i said that previously. i think the american public could accept the need for that. and actually this was made public in a sort of bizarre sort of a way. it was -- well, you should have known about it. and we know how restricted it was in terms of access to the public. i think that was a mismake. it seems like, well, these things are -- >> are you trying to be very

transparent without compromising your methods and operations? >> obviously, we're not going to breach confidentiality as far as specific investigations are concerned. but we have people such as this group here will come in, take a look at the equipment we have, the processes that the -- that we use. we have many community groups. i have a muslim advisory council i meet with. we have a tactics and strategies committee made primarily of leading the members of the african-american community in this city. so we have a -- i think a a very good dialogue as far as processes and procedures. >> we have a good dialogue with the federal government now? >> we do. >> but we have some problems with the sharing? >> there's always going to be some friction. it's not necessarily a bad thing. we get the job done.

i think your agencies want to do good work. they're proud of the work they do. and sometimes it creates tension. but tension is not always a bad thing. i think you want to see behind the curtain. i think we want transparency as far as the federal government is doing. ed has an opinion on it. if, in fact, there are things going on in your city, then your mayor and your police chief or police commissioner should know about them from the federal government. there should be a regular exchange of information. >> i agree completely. >> but what commissioner kelly has done is expand more than most city police departments a counterterrorism unit of your own where you even do interviews say in new jersey famously enough. have you learned from that? and do you think you ought to expand your counterterrorism in boston so that you're doing things that normally is given to the fbi to do?

>> it relates to home grown violent extremists, yes. i think there are people in our community that we should be working with and sort of keeping an eye on if they pose a threat. that's part of our responsibility to keep our citizens safe. however, we need to be transparent about what we do and i don't think there's any agencies in the country more transparent than the local police agency. we have "the boston globe" and the boston herald in our lobby every morning checking on what we did overnight. community groups are marching to the police station every time there's a problem. it's a very dynamic environment at the local level. the mayor from portland talks about cameras on their eyeglasses. when that happens, it will, i'll put the federal investigators back on the street. >> when that happens, will you allow people to be arrested using google glass?

>> that's an important part of this conversation. more of that information we're collecting right now is exculpatory. everybody is looking at this as they're going to use it to put me in prison. it's going to clear a lot of people. at what point in time if you want to pursue the goals of justice, what point in time do you stop that, what point in time do you get a license plate connection that might clear someone of a murder charge. this cuts both ways. people have to understand that. >> you wouldn't have problems if normal citizens videotaped police at all times in their action using google glass or phones? >> not at all. we have a court case on it in boston. i sent out a directive to my offices that if anybody videotapes you with public information, you can't do a thing about it. >> one other quick things. one of our crown fellows of the institute created a shot

spotter, is that right? james bell vick, a friend of mine, how does that work? >> an acoustic collection device. they hear the report of the gunshot, they try hang later and give you a precise location as to where it happened. it's extremely effective. it saved lives and led to arrests. >> opening it up for questions. questions for the commissioners? i can't see well. but -- >> great. >> is the same true in new york about people who videotape? and is it exculpatory?

do you encourage citizens to videotape your police in action? >> we don't discourage them. we've had issues in the past. but clearly it's the public domain. and it can be done. we've had some issues because i think the topography of new york city has the effect -- >> yeah. >> what new technology is the most effective coming down the pike that we don't know about. >> well, you know, the cameras are great. quite frankly. the first thing that police officers do when a crime is committed is to look and see if any camera is in the area as was said before in the previous time. it can wait. so they're -- you know, they're virtually everywhere. every commercial establishment. >> can you monitor in realtime to prevent crimes that are about to happen? >> that's a very expensive do that, to have police officers. >> you need human eyes to do that or can you do it -- >> yes. >> with artificial intelligence?

>> you can do some of that. we have some live monitoring going on in our public housing projects that's going on on a limited basis. but generally speaking, the cameras are used for retrospective investigation or examination. >> yes. >> hi, my name is emma green. i'm from the atlantic. commissioner kelly, how do you feel about the verdicts that came down. and how do you think of the new york precinct going forward? >> i didn't hear the second part, but the first part is how do i feel about -- >> how do you feel about the verdict that came down on stop and frisk. and how will it change new york policing moving forward? >> disabled veteran. i don't hear exactly what the question is, but stop and frisk. it's first of all, stop and question. sometimes frisks in less than half of the cases is frisk. which is a limited pat down.

i believe that this case -- the decision by joe shinnedling cries out for appeal. i think the findings and the indictment of the entire police department calls for indirect racial profiling is based on the flimsiest information. the experts had in this case looked at 4.4 million stops over a decade. the expert on the plaintiff side found that 6% of those may be unjustified. >> the judge himself looked at the -- took testimony from the plaintiffs in this case, i believe there were four plaintiffs, it involved 19 stops. she, herself, found that ten of the 19 stops were

constitutional. the criteria that they use in my judgment and a lot of other people's judgment is totally unrealistic and involves census data in a particular area. taken to the natural conclusion, we would have to stop more women. we stop very few women because the law -- the codified law says you can stop someone in a public place who you have reasonable suspicion is about to commit, is committing, or has committed a crime. and the majority of those cases, of course, are males. we had the most diversified police then't in the world. we had police officers born in 106 countries so it's kind of somewhat strange that we're found to be guilty of indirect racial profiling. our majority/minority in the

police officer rank. so the 97% of the shooting victims in this city as are the perpetrators. the criteria that was used as i said the census data goes up against the one we believe should be used and we brought in the corporation to 2006. the most appropriate racial profiling is ongoing is that the descriptions given by the victims of the violent crime of the perpetrators of violent crime. government is left out of it. now, in that case, in those examples, 70% to 75% of the perpetrators of violent crimes are identified as being african-american. and our stops traditionally had been 53% african-american.

so our stops obviously or certainly comport to the description of violent crime. now, what we're doing in the city and i think this gentleman alluded to it, it's working here. if you compare the bloomberg years, the 12 -- the 11 years, the almost 12, the 11 full years of mayor bloomberg's tenure, you compare it to the 11 years previous. you have 12,000 taking office. 5,000 murders in the -- in the subsequent 11 years. so it's 7,363 fewer murders in this city over that period of time. and if history is any guide, the vast majority of those lives saved are young people of color, mostly young men of color. and for a variety of reasons, this case cries out for appeal. it may not be appeal because of

the city's change in the the administration. may or may not decide to go forward with the appeal. and i believe that would be a major mistake. >> yes. there. following up on that, i'm curious about your thoughts on the mandatory sentencing for violations, how it works, and the racial ramifications for that as well. a a mandatory sentencing? >> in the gun violations and how that works in terms of racial issues? >> i don't like mandatory sentencing. i think that in very few instances should we have mandatory sentencing. i would leave it up to the discretion of the judges. and so much of the process of the judges. but not in favor of -- >> my understanding that here there are -- that the state of new york, if you are illegally possessing a gun that there's a three-year mandatory sentence --

>> the application doesn't work. what happens is the people were led to plead guilty to possession, or some place in the process, there is a negotiation that takes place. so practically speaking, it's in my judgment not worked politically well. >> what do you think has been the most important effect here in new york? it's remarkable. >> i think a lot of things that we're doing. i can tell you one of the most recent programs that we put in the last year, year and a half, is something that we call crew cut. in the analysis, we determined about a 30% of our shootings were coming for what we called crews. these are gangs and a couple of crooks below. these are loosely affiliated. we have about 300 in the city.

we put in a program to take them on directly. we increase the size, we double the size of our gang division. we took advantage of the fact that these young people can't help themselves but brag on social media. and we put social media component, each one of the gang units, put an attorney on each one of the gang units because we have five district attorneys in new york city. and it enables us to have liaison directly with each one of the district attorney's. we put a uniform component, uniformed police officers in each of our precincts that had a problem with crews and they're there to disrupt and intersect in the acts of violence. one of the things that we're sensitive to is retaliation. so this has worked very well for

us. and as was said before, last year, we had a record low year for murders and shootings. this year, we're running 25% below that. i think the professor said that something -- he talked about the reduction in murders. but 20 years ago, we have -- 23 years ago, we had 1 million fewer people living in the city. we had 2,245 murders in the 7.3 million population. now we have 8.4 million people and we're running at a rate now that will bring us in at about 320 murders. >> let me get commissioner davis in. what are you doing that's most effective. >> we're following the same policies. >> the shootings are occurring among gang members. the aclu is looking at our numbers just like they did in

new york. the initial findings are that most of the stops we're making are when people are involved in criminal activity. they kept records and the people that we should be paying attention to. but i find it remarkable that in a city where ray kelly has been able to reduce the homicide rate by 86%, the conversation is allowed something else other than giving him the credit that he's due for what's happened here. 7,000 lives are saved over this period of time. i give him a lot of credit for that. >> yes. way back -- >> hi there. i'm sara goodyear. i'm with the atlantic cities. and even as homicide have continued to fall in new york city, traffic, violence, continues to be a big issue here. 148 pedestrians killed by cars last year. there's a perception that the drivers don't get prosecuted for criminal activity. do you think the nypd could do a better job of preventing traffic

violence on the street? how can they do that? >> we can do a better job in every area. we're down 6,000 police officers from where we were 13 years ago when this administration came in. we've done a variety of things. we worked closely with the commissioner. they're doing a great job. we have just significantly changed or reformed our investigation of the practices. we have the collision investigation squad which uses the state of the art technology. but we do have 8.4 million people here. we do have a daytime population that's over 10 million people. going to have a lot of traffic and accidents. some people are saying that some

police are not arresting a lot of people for reckless driving, that kind of thing. you have to -- you have to observe the violation. many of the advocates, i assume, you're one of them, want us to make these determinations when we haven't seen -- we haven't observed the violation. it takes in depth investigations and examination, it takes witnesses. it is much more complex than you might think. >> yeah, technology and cameras, do they help? >> asking me? >> they do help. crams in the patrol cars right now. certainly in the highway patrol cars. we use our technology to help our investigators go to the scene of the accident and doing the investigation more effectively and quickly.

>> last question. >> police departments -- >> identify yourself? >> rick hull, deputy mayor, city of los angeles. police used to be the back water in many cases of the local government, typically less educated than folks in other departments. now you're far more sophisticated in many ways than most of the other departments. more sophisticated technology, training, web of interconnection between the police agencies of all levels. how in the budget battles and you're looking at the overall health of cities, how do you see beginning to balance what you do in fighting crime and in keeping cities safe with the other elements that are necessary for a healthy city that in turn supports the prosperity, support

the revenue, and the quality of life that makes a city safe and attractive. >> start with that and repeat it. did you get all of that, okay, great? >> that's a great question. the mayor has made it clear that we'll work with other city departments. the strength of our success in boston, his designation was the urban mechanic for a great city. it's been based upon the fact that there is connectivity between all of the various branchs of government. so i know that arresting people is not going lower the crime rate. we've arellsed fewer and fewer people every year for the last seven years. but i do know that working with the inspectional services department, with the alcohol beverage control department, the regulatory agencies in city government have a direct effect on crime and reduce crime hot spots immediately. so we've used that sort of wholistic approach for a long time in boston. me for the last seven years. it's only through cooperation

him him and coordination in the full direction of the mayor. the mayor plays ape nowhere mouse role in making sure the people work together. when that happens, it can be extremely powerful. >> no more innovative mayor or leader in this country than michael bloomberg. he's done phenomenal things here. everything that goes forward in this city, certainly anything that is progressive in nature has to be public safety. it has to be a feeling that you can walk the streets safely and you don't have a fear of being shot in your neighborhood and he's made a commitment to that. i'm concerned about the priorities. some parochial. but public safety, the staffing of the police departments, and the support that's needed comes

first. everything else falls into place after that, in my judgment. >> thank you all, before you leave, you're both leaving office in the foreseeable future soon. one of you travel to go on vacation. >> i'm going back to italy. my wife made it clear we're going to make another trip there. but the truth of the matter is, i have an offer for a fellowship department, i'll do a little teaching and looking at other opportunities. >> what will you teach? >> the institute of politicings. >> what subject? >> criminal justice and politics, i haven't gotten the course. aisle find out in november. so i'm looking forward to it, though. >> what are you going to teach? >> i'm going to be a greeter at walmart. >> all right. >> see you there. >> see you there. [ applause ] >> all this week in primetime

on c-span we bring you encore presentations of our q&a program. watch our interview with nikita stewart about her work covering washington dc politics. we also asked her about d.c. political donor geoffrey thompson, and his ties to the political campaigns of mayor vincent gray. as a reporter for the washington post on july 14-year- old huge piece, frontpage on a man named jeffrey thompson. why? >> jeffrey thompson had not been in the news. he was a local businessman in the center of a major federal investigation and no one really knew who he was. i basically told my editor, i want to write a definitive profile of jeffrey thompson. i want people to refer back to this article. hopefully i have accomplished that. >> why do we not -- why do we want to know about him?

>> right now he is at the center of the c politics. some say he is at the center of bc politics falling apart. for years, he had been given to candidates, he had several contracts for the city, one contract worth $322 million a year. wasne really knew who he until things came to light in 2011 over problems with current mayor vincent gray's campaign for mayor in 2010. see that we, you have, at the moment, one former city councilman in prison, one that cop a plea but had to pay back money, a city councilmember. one former city councilmember, i'm the son of the former head of the democratic national committee, and marion barry. he has been in and out of prison. is there any more corrupt town

than any other? >> i do not think so. i have covered politics for a long time. i have covered politics in new jersey before i came to the district of columbia. i do not think it is any more corrupt than other places, but the interesting thing place about d.c., it is not a state. it is a city. the council and mayor still have functions that are very much like city and state. there is more room for scrutinizing them and it is very noticeable when you have three out of 13 council members getting into some very serious legal trouble in the span of two years. all of that conversation with nikita stewart is tonight at 7:00 eastern. after that, from local to national politics, a look at the

events that led up to the senate changing its rules around the filibustering of presidential nominees. we will show you how it happened, along with reaction from republican and democratic leaders. the year in review tonight at 8:00 eastern. the first lady series takes a look at eleanor roosevelt, the first first lady to travel overseas. she also held news conferences advocating on behalf of president roosevelt's policies. join us tonight at 9:00 eastern as we explore the life and legacy of eleanor roosevelt. >> what we know of the founders, the 30-second version is, the guys against the constitution were the religious conservatives of the day, the anti-federalist, including patrick henry, who wanted to have religious tests for officeholding. the founders were the cost of

politicians but most of them were christians, but why did they take the approach they did, why did they ultimately come down where madison came down? no faitheve also that including their own was beyond faction. so madison's prescription was a multiplicity of sects. there have been important developments in the law over the last couple of decades in terms of government funding and religious institutions. i would say there were some real issues to work through and figure out. the rules that govern this area during the clinton years, the early clinton years, were different. they changed over time. some people think that is a good thing, some people think it was a bad thing. there are some important issues that people fight about, and fight about with legitimate disagreement. >> christmas day on c-span, current and former heads of the

white house faith based offices on the separation of church and state. with an illustrated account of the great war, july 1, 1916. american history tv, from 1957, followed bob hope as he travels across the pacific for his uso tour of southeast asia, including stops at vietnam. we will be taking you live to the united nations shortly. u.n. secretary ban came in yesterday sent out a letter ofterday to double the size the human peacekeeping force in the south sudan as the violence there has ensued between the government and rebel forces. to the take you there security council meeting where they will consider a resolution from the current council president from france, a resolution on adding more peacekeeping troops.

the guardian newspaper is reporting the united nations has also discovered three mass grave sites, including one where over 30 bodies were found in the security council, again, voting on the resolution, transferring an additional 5500 troops, boosting the region's -- peacekeeping troops. we will take that to you live once it gets underway, and in the meantime, part of this journal.""washington host: we want to welcome our guests, and given what has happened with target and the security breach, how do you guys define identity theft over at the ftc? >> sure. is the misuse of an individuals's personal

information for a fraudulent purpose, and that fraudulent purpose can be, really, anything. it can be the misuse of credit cards to obtain goods and services. it could be opening new accounts in a consumer's name. it could even be misuse of the consumer's name, date of birth, social security number for medical purposes, and also, identity theft can be used to hide from law enforcement. for example, somebody who might be arrested might give somebody else's identification as their own, so they pose as some other consumer or other americans so they won't be targeted by law enforcement. what is the top reason, the top way that identity is stolen? say what is hard to the top way is, but there are a number of ways, and what we do

is we classify identity theft in terms of low-tech and more high tech types of identity theft. is what we are commonly thinking of when we think of about identity theft, and that is stolen wallets, stolen purses, lost smartphones, where you can pick it up and use the information. it also can be dumpster diving, where information is tossed in the trash, and thieves come through it. it can be lost or stolen mail. and then there are high-tech types of identity theft, and a common one, for example, is types of scams, where somebody receives an e-mail, and they are told to click on a link to provide personal information, and, in fact, it is not the company that the consumer thinks message.

it is a thief. ftchat is the role of the in regards to this? it is a federal crime, and it does a number of things. for the first, time, identity that a federal crime, and those types of crimes are prosecuted by the department of justice, but it gave the federal trade commission two unique roles. one is the collection of consumer complaint data, and we do that routinely. we have a database, called sentinel, and we have a network, and consumers can enter data directly bytinel going online, or they can call in and speak to a counselor, but the bottom-line is this sentinel database collects consumer information, both fraud

information as well as identity theft information. host: and then what do you do with that information? tost: it becomes available law enforcement, and we have thousands of partners who can go geographicd do it by location, the type of identity theft, so we support law enforcement, but we, ourselves, do not prosecute instances of identity theft itself. host: do you investigate it? we collect the information and give that over two and make it accessible to law enforcement. if you are a victim of identity theft, what is your first step to take? there are a few things

you need to do, and the sooner, the better. puttingt is considering on a fraud alert on your file, and basically what the fraud alert does is it notifies potential creditors that you are at risk, and the creditors would have to take steps to identify lending youbefore money, so if you are taking out a loan, that is a good step. almost allside that, states have something that is called a credit freeze or a security freeze, and what that does is it basically locks down your credit file so that no creditor or thief or whomever can open up new accounts in your name unless you specifically lift the freeze, so that is one important thing to do. another important thing is to monitor your statements. everyone should monitor their

bank statement, their credit card statements, utilities, tourance, medical statements make sure there is nothing there that is suspicious or raises a red flag that might be an indicator of identity theft. >> so when do you go to the ftc? what you would do with the ftc is file a complaint with us, and the complaint that you file will be made available to law enforcement, that there an important reason to file a complaint. statute thatderal gives consumers certain rights when they are victims of identity theft. in order to take advantage of need rights, however, you to have what we call an identity theft report, and an identity theft report basically has two parts. there is an identity theft

affidavit, and then there is a police report. by going to the federal trade commission site and entering in your data, and i should mention that the process leads you through, and it is a series of questions -- >> the agenda is adopted. in accordance with rule 37 of the provisional rules and procedure, i invite the representatives of the south sudan to participate in this meeting. it is so decided. under id. two of the agenda, members of the council have 2013,e them document s submitted by australia, the republic of korea, were when that, the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, and the united states of america. wish to draw the attention of

council members to document s2013 containing a letter from the secretary-general addressed to the president of the security council. shall put the draft resolution to the vote now. will those in favor of the draft resolution contained in this document please raise their hand? the results of the voting is as follows. the draft resolution received 15 votes in favor. the draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 2122. i welcome the presence of the secretary-general, his excellency, mr. ban ki-moon, and

i invite him to take the floor. president, distinguished members of the council, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. let me begin by thanking the security council for its action and engagement to address the mounting crisis in south sudan. by theall troubled events that have unfolded in recent days. there are reports of ethnically targeted violence, including massjudicial killings and graves. the displacement of civilians is someng and spreading, with 45,000 people seeking protection . i repeat the calls for maximum intraint for all communities south sudan. there is no military solution to this conflict. a political crisis which

requires a peaceful political solution. we are working closely with the onional leaders and parties the ground to establish a basis for negotiations. at the same time, i am that they to ensure have the means to carry out the task of protecting civilians. i welcome today's resolution calling for immediate cessation of hostilities and opening up dialogue, demanding that all parties cooperate fully and authorizing the temporary strengthening of protection capacities with additional troops, police, and logistical assets from other human missions. ofave spoken with a number regional leaders and want to acknowledge their efforts and vital support. i thank the troops and police into beating countries that have

agreed to a temporary relocation of their personnel and assets. we are coordinating closely with other u.n. missions to ensure theployments do not affect implementation of their respective mandates. peacekeepers brave and all u.n. personnel helping to protect civilians, provide assistance, and monitor human rights under very difficult circumstances. we have lost two w peacekeepers in the last week, and one was wounded. one employee was killed. earlier today, three personnel were injured at the u.n. base in one state. attacks on civilians and the u.n. peacekeepers must cease immediately. investigations will investigate reports of these incidents and

the great human rights violations and crimes against humanity. will be heldible personally accountable. they should know the world is watching. human rights are a cornerstone we areefforts, and strengthening our human rights capacity in the country. mr. president, i welcome the urgency and collective resolve of the security council today. i trust that the council and other member states will continue to do their part to provide the personnel, equipment, and that logistical support required to assure a timely deployment of these enablers. troops and without such a support, the united nations secretariat would not be able to deploy quickly the additional capacity required. the ongoing support, the strengthening, the protection

capabilities, it will not happen overnight. even with additional capabilities, we will not be able to protect every civilian in south of sudan. the parties are responsible to end the conflict. political dialogue, in the end, is the only solution. i have consistently called on the president and the opposition political leaders to come to the table and find a political way out of this crisis. whatever their differences, nothing can justify the violence that has engulfed the nation. they must do everything in their that to immediately assure their followers hear the message loud and clear. continue the violence, ethnic and otherwise, is completely unacceptable. time for the south sudan leaders to show their people and the world that they are committed to preserve the

, which wase nation borne out of their long struggle for independence area thank you, mr. president. >> thank you. i think the secretary-general for his statement. the representative from south sudan. mr. president, since this is the first time i delegation is addressing the security council during your presidency, let me begin by congratulating you on your assumption of this important role at this critical juncture in our country's precarious situation. of the fullu support and cooperation of our delegation and government. we appreciate very much the high excellency,at his ban ki-moon, the secretary- general of the united nations, and the international community at large have given to this crisis. has beenan

consistently grateful for the support the international community and the united nations have extended to our nascent country before and after independence. this is particularly now as we are experiencing a period of intense internal conflict which is threatening large sections of our population. south sudanese do not want to fall back into the abyss of war from which they have suffered for over half a century. sudan stands in full solidarity with the international community in the protection of civilians and international aid workers. it has been heartening to providedhe protection to tens of thousands of civilians in their compounds. i would also like to express a heartfelt condolences to the

families that have lost their loved ones, to the republic of india, and, indeed, for the tragic loss of peacekeepers in the compound this month. regret fordeep troops and personnel that have been caught in the crossfire's of government forces and rebels in the attempt to protect civilian in conduct evacuations. i would like to assure this council that the government of south sudan is doing as much as it can under very difficult circumstances to restore calm and stability to the affected areas in the country. president, let me take this opportunity to express the government's deep appreciation for the proactive response which the secretary-general and the security council are showing to

the tragically unfolding situation in our country and the urgent need to protect lives and alleviate the suffering of the people of south sudan, as reflected in the decision to reinforce its mission in south sudan with protection forces. additionally, we deeply appreciate the efforts of the the unitedon and nations, calling on south sudanese leaders to rise above ethnic divisions and offer a framework of peace, unity, and reconciliation for the nation. spirit ourdeed, the president reflected today in his powerful press statement falling for an immediate end to violence, ethnic targeting, and all illegal activities, and calling on the opposition and the forces supporting him to go

for peace and nation building. once again, mr. president, you have our deep appreciation for the support of the united nations and hope that through our solidarity with the international community we can overcome the crisis the country is going through and reinvigorate the process of unity, nationbuilding, and urgently needed socioeconomic development. we take the concerns raised by thisouncil and use opportunity to assure the secretary-general and the members of the council of our determination to reestablish our sense of national unity and purpose and reaffirm our deep- rooted commitment to the objectives of international peace and security and respect andfundamental human rights humanitarian principles. i thank you for your kind attention. representative of

south sudan for his statement. the meeting is adjourned. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] a brief un security council meeting dealing with the deadly violence in south sudan with the government and the rebel forces, the un security council voting unanimously to temporarily increase the peacekeeping force in south sudan to 12,500 troops, a boost of some 55 hundred

troops, and if you missed this, we will show it to you in our video library at c-span.org. also all week in primetime on c- span, we are bringing you on core presentations of "q&a," and we have more covering washington stewart, with nikita and we are also talking about the current d.c. mayor vincent gray. here is a look. as a reporter for the washington post on july 14, you wrote a huge piece, frontpage, on a man named jeffrey thompson. why? >> jeffrey thompson had been in the news, a local businessman who is at the center of a major federal investigation, and no one really knew who he was, so i basically told my editor that i want to write the definitive profile of jeffrey thompson. when people want to know about him, i want them to refer back

hopefully,icle, and, i accomplished that. >> why do we want to know about that? >> he is at the center right now of d.c. politics, and some people say he is at the center of d.c. politics basically falling apart. four years behind the scenes, he had been giving to candidates. he had several huge contracts with the city. worth 322ct was million dollars per year, and no one really knew who he was until things came to light in 2011 current mayorwith vincent gray's campaign for mayor in 2010. >> right now, if you live here, and i do, you see that we have at the moment i think one former city councilmember in prison. we had one that caught a plea but did not have to go to prison but had to pay back money. council simmer -- civil

member, and we have the son of one and also marion berry who has been in and out of prison and that stuff. is this a more corrupt town than any other? >> no. i personally do not think so. i have been covering politics for a long time. i actually covered politics in new jersey before i came to the district of colombia, and so i do not think it is any more corrupt than other places, but the interesting thing about d.c. is, remember, it is not a state. it is a city, and the council and the mayor still have functions that are very much like both city and state, so i iink there is more room for guess scrutinizing them, and it is very noticeable when you have three out of, you know, 13 council members getting into some serious legal trouble in the span of like two years. withr "q&a" on frustration

correspondent nikita stewart and "the washington post," then later, a look at the change in the u.s. senate filibuster rules. we will show you how it happened along with input from republican and democratic leaders. plus, an interview with a man that covered the issue this year, and that is at 8:00 p.m. eastern, and then our first lady series takes a look at eleanor roosevelt, the first first lady to travel overseas are you and she advocated on behalf of of fdr policy and later served as a delegate to the united nations. that is denied, and encore presentation of first ladies with eleanor roosevelt. founders, the 32nd version is the guys that were against the constitution were the religious conservatives of the day, the anti-federalist, and they very much -- which included accurate henry at the

the, who came along, and founders were the cosmopolitans, and yet, most of them were bible believing christians, but why did they take the approach that they did? why did they ultimately come down where madison came down? because they believe that no faith was beyond faction, so madison's prescription was a multiplicity of sects, and that is s-e-c-t-s. inthere have been changes terms of religious funding and institutions, and so i would say there were some real issues to work through and to figure out. the rules that govern this area during the clinton years, the early clinton years, were different. they changed over time, and some people think that was a good thing, and some people think that was a bad thing. there are some important issues that people fight about and

fight about with some legitimate disagreement. span,siness day on c- current and former heads of the white house faith-based offices on the separation of church and state. tv, andn two, book illustrated account of the great war of 1916. span3,s at 5:00, and on c- american history tv, follow bob hope as he travels across the tour,c for his annual uso including stops in vietnam. just past 8:00. next, a look at strategies and initiatives for reducing food waste, including converting the waste into energy. it was hosted by a san francisco-based organization and ofluded representatives various food waste organizations from across the country. the discussion is just over one hour.

gentlemen, let me welcome you here tonight. the council general, well, that is me, the organization we have here on the 31st floor of this we arecent building, and sorry it is dark outside. i invite you to come back here during the daytime. it is a magnificent view over thebay, but that is not topic of this night. ,e will speak about food waste and sorry to be in front of the panel, but i am afraid the microphone would collapse. from astart with a quote dutch ceo from you in a letter

ever, which is one of the big food retail companies in the world, a big dutch-anglo company. he had been invited by ban ki- moon, the secretary-general of the united nations, and to be part of the goals for the whole world, and in a speech he delivered on december 10 this year, so a couple of days ago, foraid there is no excuse $750 billion u.s. in food waste per year when we only need 80 million u.s. dollars to feed the , and this comes from a businessman, one of the biggest businessmen there is, so he is really sincere. convinced he is.

nevertheless, roughly one third waste, and is think others will have better figures of that, but let's say kilograms or pounds or whatever third, ands, but one it gets lost or it gets wasted. this waste causes emissions to the environment, pesticides, , and this is 23 gass more of the greenhouse than co2, then the food. -- than the food. water, you know agriculture uses loads of water. a fresh water, we have a lack of that in the world, as well.

fertile soils get lost, and developing countries, and, of course, we are speaking of the early stages of food, which is not the topic of today. food gets lost in the supply chains in the early stage, the cooling, the transport. we could have other meetings to improve that part. i think there is an obligation of us all to help developing countries to improve that part of the work, but on our side in developed countries, we are stages, about later supply-chain, such as the behavior of the retailer, of the supplier, and of the consumer, so that is us. so, for instance, the united states, the united kingdom, they

still landfill with organic wastes. i think it is the second material they landfill. while in the netherlands, it is zero landfill, because it is just strictly forbidden to landfill any organic waste, so sometimes you need a lawyer. i am a lawyer. but, sorry. i am not angry. passionate, i am. yes. it is time for action. i will say those at the global level, there is a global partnership needed for development. the developing countries, like the scaling up of nutrition initiatives, and that is the topic of tonight. we need action at the local

level, multi-stakeholder partnerships, so let's discuss this. let's discuss circular food supply. can be.e what our amy how close can we get to a zero waste cycle. thank you very much. [applause] oh, yes, let me give the floor , michelleal food lab and christian. >> hello, everyone. thanks so much for coming today. thank you for the consulate general or graciously hosting us in this space. moderator,hank our who is a partner, as well as food lab for the delicious treats. i am cohosting this event. >> i want to echo those thank you's, and in addition to

hosting events like this one, we have also launched a platform that is dedicated to bridging the gap between the talent and the opportunities in the good food movement, so if there is anyone here who is looking for work in the industry or a startup who is looking to hire intern or full-time employees, we have some input. we have invite codes for everybody here, so please grab one in the back, and thank you so much for coming. i will turn it over to austi. -- austin. >> thank you. how is that? can you hear me? , to all ofthank you you, for coming. thank you to the consulate for having the second event that food lab has been able to host here, and i was lamenting the fact that the sun had already

gone down, because the view is spectacular, but not so bad now either. i want to highlight some baseline facts, and they are staggering, and i think it is easy to gloss over them. we waste 40% of our food in the united states. consumers throw away an estimated 25% of what they bring home or eat at restaurants. 64 billion pounds of surplus food is dumped into landfills each year, and that is 2.6 million garbage truck loads, just two sides that in your mind. $165 billion, costing millions to service and dispose of. an american family of four throws away $1600 worth of food each year, and i think you alluded to it nicely, but think about the underlying resource waste that represents. agriculture takes up a huge percentage of our freshwater in california. we are throwing away a lot of energy, as well, so this is a big panel, one of the biggest

out there, and we have a good panel, and i am very excited by the breadth and depth of what is represented here, so i will begin by introducing everyone, but i want to show you this graphic, and i am going to turn this off. i was thinking of how to orient the conversation, and i want to talk about the supply chain in food and where the waste is occurring. in cymer losses represent the vast majority of what we are throwing away, so this is, what you're eating at restaurants or what you're taking home and disposing of. there is also a sizable amount of production loss, and in the middle, there is less loss. it still represents a massive amount of food, but where the bunnies have an economic incentive to steward and shepherd the food, they are doing so. we will talk about everything along the supply chain -- michelle, how do we turn that off? great. i will start by having everyone

introducing themselves. i will start. i was at the stanford business school and spent a lot of time and energy thinking of big issues with food, and now working with michelle and edible startups, we are a blogger introduces entrepreneurship in the food space. your in boxesood because we do not publish that often, but we are inspiring to do more. i am working on two projects, and one is a food startup, but let's get the focus on the panelists, where it belongs. usroduce yourself and tell about your organization, and then i will kick it off. ashley? melody? she is a public relations person 40 waste energy. >> first of all, thank you for having me and our company represented today. like you said, i am with the zero waste energy based out of california, and we handle waste

management with and emphasis on organic waste creates what we are focusing on is our dry anaerobic digestion technology which basically speeds up the natural composting process to a 21 and a batch cycle, so after about 48 hours, it begins producing methane gas and all of the eye gases, and after 21 days, all you have left is an agricultural quality compost, and all of that gas that is collected is transformed into either electricity or cng fuel, so it is a completely closed loop cycle that we have, and we just celebrated the grand opening of our project in san jose, which is 1.6 megawatts of electricity, about 34,000 tons per year of compost, if i remember correctly, and it is processing 90,000 tons per year of organic waste, so that is

just one of our projects, and that is what we do. >> i want to point out that that is the largest facility of its kind in the world. >> yes, it is the largest in the world. >> the energy that it produces is eligible for inclusion in the renewables portfolio. utilities have to use one third of their energy by renewable sources by 2020, so this is an important component to meeting regulatory goals. >> and i also believe it is a certifiedinum facility, and it is just one of them, but i move on. of food cowboy. >> thank you very much. my brother and i started food cowboy along with barbara, and trucker, mostly pulling produce, and barbara wrote a toolkit, and we put this together because for about 20 years whenever he had a load of

produce, he has called me, and this was before cell phones and internet, and i had a desk job, and i was trying to find a school or a food bank or somewhere to take the food, so we finally got smart and said maybe this could use the match.com technology, being used to truck food to food banks and composters and facilities like yours instead of landfills, because the problem is they just need to get rid of it and get rid of it quick. to give you a sense of what the supply chain does, all of the food donated to all of the food banks indicated to feeding america, the largest food bank network in america, equals the in 19 of money they waste days, so we can do a lot better than that. the government spends $80 billion per year on food stamps. yearend $160 billion per on food that we throw away as consumers, so there is little

ability to interdict that waste postconsumer because of food safety issues and scale issues, but in the supply chain, it is d, and what is missing is information, because without knowing where to take the food likely, because it is perishable, it is expensive to move. you cannot do anything with it. our next step is to crowd source a food source map of the united states. all of that leaks out of the system, and facilities like yours or animal feed manufacturers and so forth that can use the food, because then the charities and entrepreneurs can get to scale by building efficient systems, so we ask for your help with that. >> thanks. from foodstuffs. valley girl foodstuffs. >> i am -- a shaft turned

agent,ents -- insurance at riskhef mentoring teens. i guess that is the best way to introduce myself quickly. i started ballet girl foodstuffs about one year ago after volunteering with a nonprofit in sonoma. it is the teen center in sonoma, and a lot of food was coming and being donated from local grocery stores, and a lot of kids who like to be in gangs or at the teen center, so i started a cooking program there to teach some of these kids how to not get pregnant and not kill people , and the grocery stores in sonoma were desperate for someplace where they could offload the food that they were throwing away, so we started picking up seven days per week through the teen center, and i quickly realized that basically what was happening is all of the food was going to the teen

center and promptly thrown into the dumpster because they could not deal with the sheer mass of food that is tossed away at grocery stores, and we are not even talking about all of that. you're only talking about the eight percent. my notes said 10%. out.e retail that is cost however, in california, 52% of grown, and iis know there are people here who grow food, and there are people here who grow meat, and there are people here who cooked, so 52% of food that you see on the produce shelves is thrown away every year, so that is basically what i am dealing with, that 52%, so i was teaching kids at the teen center how to can and bake and ferment and dehydrate and do all of these sort of old- school skills that nobody knows how to do anymore, although

there is a renaissance. i have seen it, and then however, when you work with a nonprofit, it is a nonprofit, which means there is no profit, which means nobody gets paid, so these kids were doing a lot of work for no pay, and they were still showing up every single week to go to the farmer's market with me, as was i. i was not getting paid either, but i had four girls show up with me, and we would stay there until 1:00 in the morning and go to the farmers market the next day, and these girls were amazing, so 1.5 years ago, i decided to start a for-profit business on valley girls foodstuffs. it is not nonprofit, but we pick up food four days per week from whole foods locally, and i distribute that to these nonprofits, and whatever they cannot use, i then take and make food with it with these kids, so there is some in the back. i brought to show people what we

do. there are reasons there that we make from the 80 million cases of grapes that we get every summer, and there is also some quince jam. whence is not a super popular item in terms of people buying when itocery stores, so is in season, i get it, and then we also started this year a farm valley girlo foodstuffs is now valley girl foodstuffs and farm. we are not certified organic. it is sort of a big process, but we do grow everything using sustainable and organic processes, so that is my side job. my real job is still being a state farm agent, so -- >> a very great mission and a very cool operation. we are hoping to hear more from you later. ofmy right is the cofounder food star partners and also a long-time investor and founding

partner of mindful investors, so i will have him talk at everything he does. >> well, i will not talk about everything, but i will share a few secrets with you of food waste reduction. job, itn said, my day seems like a lot of us have a day job, it is with mindful investors, so it is innovative, breakthrough technologies which positively impact our lives and are a foundational aspect of what we do. the environment is a key area that we are investing in. food, water, and agriculture is another key area, and two years from theof my buddies food industry saw me at a conference and said, we are working on a food waste issue. this is a huge problem. will you help me with this? and i said, anthony, i help you with everything, and i said the wrong thing, so i ended up getting involved in this food waste reduction business, and

when they first look at this, they looked at it as how do we change the world, and how do we reduce all of the waste that is occurring on every side of food, and first starting with animal protein, and we spent one point five years looking at that and considering how we can bring this product, a shelfstable product that was normally going to waste, and bringing it to the food channel, particularly focusing on taking food that was going to be thrown away and getting it at very low cost and then creating a product that i would say would be a great value for the consumer that would be a shelfstable product, and after looking at that and looking at that, and talking with retailers, we were k early. we realize they easiest place to start was the low hanging fruit, and that was with produce, so we weated our business, and were fortunate to be able to encounter some really smart people who were focused in this area, and one of my partners,

ron, is here. ron, say hello. ron has been working in the food waste business in over a decade, focusing on bringing food that was coming from farms and being wasted and bringing it to food banks and the not-for-profit sectors, so we have created food stars as a technology company. a for-profit business focused on how can we take this business and not make it be a sort of throw away and let's just see what we can do in a small way. how can we take the 64 billion pounds of food and put it to use her people to eat, and particularly in low income communities is where we are trying to focus, and so we with twoood start specific ideas. the first is ron has great relationships with farmers that are having significant amounts of food that are going to waste. it might be going to animal feed. it may be going to juicing, or they may just not be picked, so we are sourcing and finding

those sources of fruits and vegetables and bringing those two we kill markets, and we started a partnership with a company where we do this on a spontaneous basis, so it is not every week or every month. whatever is excess, we are bringing it to market and are doing it at anywhere of discounts from 75%, 75%, and consumers love it. it is great food, and it is great fruits and vegetables. it has got great nutritional value. it, and theloves employees love it, and it has been an incredibly successful program, and we are looking to expand that program with other retailers in the west coast and eventually expanded beyond the west coast. the second aspect i mentioned to you is about technology, and we are developing primarily with third-party vendors and partners and leveraging technologies that are creating today, to use technology, as roger said, to improve the efficiency of the

supply chain, and so there are a lot of very sophisticated tools that exist today to be able to improve everything from understanding, of course, the entire growing process to looking at transportation, looking at the time the food is spent at a distribution facility, when it is at your dock, when it is in the back room, how long it takes from being in the back room to being on the shelf, how long it is on the shelf, what is he like file food, etc.,of that and so we are beginning to integrate these technologies and bringing these two retailers to enable them to become much more efficient and to reduce their shrink, and instead of putting a plastic bag out there that has got black bananas and melons that are completely juicy, getting it before hand and letting customers know you can get great value by buying these

products, and we have created flash sales, so two orth three times per week, the company has flash sales, notifying customers , tomorrow at 4:00 p.m., from 4:00 until 5:00 p.m., we have got bananas and melons and cucumbers, and they are 60% to 80% off. consumers come again, have loved it. it is great product and great nutrition, so we are bringing these technologies to the retail industry to help reduce food waste, and we are interesting in bringing more of us who are focused on this together, because this is a collaborative issue, and we need to work together, and that is what we are desirous of doing. one of the things we have talked about is there is technology that exists today to reduce that 23% figure, where we can all reduce food waste in our home, and there are a lot of ideas that people talk about as we go further along, and i am pleased to see that you went to be part of the solution.

>> the program director at food shift. >> hello, my name is kelly, and i am the program director at food shift, and open-based nonprofit. we have been around for about two years, and what we are doing is we are looking to reduce food waste. we are doing this and a couple of ways. the key is education and action. people need to know about this problem. what we have learned from campaigns overseas is that a lot of people do not have an idea about the problem of food waste and what they can do to solve it, so about 1.5 years ago, we started an action campaign. we had advertisements in part. we are not only telling people about the environmental and the social and the financial consequences of wasted food, we are also trying to arm them with tips and tools to reduce it. what do you do before you get to the grocery store? how do you get your family involved to moving food that is soon to be spoilt to the front

of the fridge? food planning and storage. how do you better store herbs? what is the proper place to put eggs if they are from the market or the farmers market? these kinds of everyday tips and tools for our consumers. we are also really excited about some programs that we are launching in 20 14. we are currently working with the oakland unified school district to do a food recovery program, so what we do is we work with parents on site and help them with food safety and food handling, and we take the recovered surplus food that is perfectly edible but because of regulations federal he cannot be and there are the schools in oakland, giving it back to the students. one of our sites, 90 eight percent of the students are using some kind of food assistance, so this helps supplement their mealtimes. we are also working on a program

in partnership with a local incery store to create jobs the recovery, processing, and distribution of food. we are inspired by valley good foodstuffs, d.c. central kitchen, and l.a. kitchen, and others, trying to find ways to make this problem into a solution. we are interested in definitely the source production, which is obviously the first step in reducing food waste, but food that is going to go to waste that cannot be resold at a grocery store, excess food from a grocery store that they will not sell to a customer but is otherwise edible, what can we do with that food, and how do we turn that to a positive? we believe we can turn the tables on how typical food recovery operates, which is volunteer-based and run from nonprofits, and how can we use a revenue-producing model with food waste. >> perfect. patricia kelly.

>> thank you. patricia kelly, i am with business development. it is kind of fun watching us go through the panel. with ashley at the end of the food chain, and now we are going back to the very beginning. is automated food waste reduction systems. we have been in business for 10 years. we have clients in 49 states. we are working in canada and have conversations with many countries outside the u.s. that are looking for automation. we live by three statements in the country -- company. this is sort of where my thought process goes, and when i am eating somebody new, typically a presentation consists of me providing all of the information with the data you have heard so far, enemy plane into, all right, it cannot manage what you cannot measure, and let's look

at the lean path, and lean path consists of an element of software and hardware and a lot of caught -- coaching and consulting that goes with it. once food has been identified to go to waste, it has a scale, and there is a camera and a tracker. is essentially a tablet, and this tablet is encased in steel, so it is ready for that durable kitchen environment. you can pass it around. just to show you how easy it is to work and how easy it is to transact. we have created a user interface that it is so simple that the front line employees can engage with it, and also the analytic capability that is sophisticated and state-of-the-art, so we want to make sure that, yes, our technology is the best in the world, but equally important is that we say nobody is going to be successful without a cultural change. we do a lot of coaching. this allows baseline understanding of metrics, and

then we establish goals, and then we work with coaching, and working on a day-to-day basis on how that affects procurement and menu planning and production. all of these are part of the systems that are created, again, through metrics for management. >> to visualize a little bit, i looked at the website, and there are some nice photographs. you are selling to organizations preparing large amounts of food? often, it is commercial, but at the end of q1 2014, we will have a mobile app, for those small, owner operated businesses, so they can actually participate as well, but what you see on the website right now, most often, it is commercial, somewhere in excess of 250,000 per year. >> so when they are producing food, they can start to measure, capture, and repurpose what used to be food waste in their food chain as tumor >> that is right.

food measurement. >> so as you can see, we have got a lot of different perspectives here. one common thread is there are a lot of economic gains to be had, whether it is nonprofit or for- profit, every step in the supply chain. doingted to profit from something differently. a momentum driver or whatever you are talking about a change in the industrial setting, and i want to talk about the low hanging fruit, so to speak. and it is an apt place to focus because a lot of this is centered on fresh produce. it spoils very quickly. seafood is another area where there is a lot of loss, but i read a great report, and i encourage you all if you want to dig deeper, the national defense counsel, there is a woman who is quite prolific in writing about food waste, and it will have all of the summaries you would ever want. consumerus on the

losses, just over half of the total food waste in the united states. the seems to be the area of greatest promise in terms of sheer volume, so let me address this question to zero energy, food shipped, and to some extent, and lean path. i know to some extent, you are not in this area. what are the biggest challenges, because a lot of this has to do with established behavioral patterns, psychology, and these are areas where it is hard for a company to affect what consumers are doing at home or at the point of consumption. >> at the place where we are working in that area, there is a lot of opportunity. isht now, about 60% of what going to the landfills is organic waste. in california, there is legislation that is requiring that landfills divert 75% from landfills by 2020, so the way we

look at food waste is that you first take out your recyclables, and then you take out the organics, and then you have a small fraction of trash at the and i mentioned to the electricity, but we have smaller are generating 100 kilowatts. we have a facility that we are that ison right now converting this right now. this is a collection vehicle run for the rest of the day. the opportunities are grand and everywhere, and the biggest obstacle is twofold. one is getting the word out there. and there are a host of benefits for that.

and what makes it difficult is the collection part of it. in some places, you have the green bins. a lot of places do not have and every district, everyplace handles it a bit differently. in the area where i am from where we put our first facility, there is a restaurant program, and a number of the restaurants have signed up, and there is special collection from those restaurants, and the food waste from the restaurant is what feels -- steals what we have, but it is definitely in collection, and as far as improving it, it is about education, but not just to the consumer, because it does not matter if the consumer is educated is the system is not there to take the separation and quickly convey that the whole way through to the digester, though it is a whole stream of education, and along with that, it is just getting the

technology in place so that way it can be utilized to its maximum abilities. >> how do you address consumer attitudes and consumer behavior at the home or in restaurants? i thought about my roommates. about half or good at composting and things you had a clear economic incentive to do. the other half did not care. nothing i said could get them to change. how are you reaching out to people who maybe have not heard that message or are not receptive to it, to get them to do things? >> that is perhaps one of the biggest hurdles that we or any sort of education or awareness group faces. how do you deal with different behavior changes? the epa has a "food too good to waste" tool. a bigot