what they want to hear -- they are looking at you all the time. if you try to lead in some way that is not true to who you are, they can see it. they will see through it. you will lose the trust of the team. it is those simple pieces of advice of how to lead. i'm a great life. -- have a great life. [applause] ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> we started looking at the census data. something strange pops out. when you look at where profits are, if you look at a map of europe, you see germany, france, ireland, italy.

when you look at the data on where profits are, france, germany, ireland. a hugely disproportionate amount of profit. that was one indication that something was going on. >> more with marty sullivan, chief economist of "tax analysts." sunday night at 8 p.m. on c- span's "q&a." >> coming up on the next alan gomez journal" on immigration policy. and then american professor discusses his new book and examining how u.s. presidents have tested the limits of their powers. the top 10have lobbying victories to 2013. "washington journal" is live every morning at 7 a.m. eastern on c-span. this coming november, 35

senate seats will join the house seats up for election. this coming thursday, charlie cook of the cook political oh the 2014lk about congressional races. it begins at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span 2. >> we are in the gallery of a building. we're looking at banishing ice and art. the purpose of exposition is to highlight the cultural heritage planet'snnett's -- frozen frontiers. this is a photograph of the

greenland ice by a german artists. dated 2008. it is exhibited side-by-side by a womanograph named camille. it is from her last iceberg series in 2006. many people understand the importance of ice for the planet and its reflective qualities. are people are unaware that is a collective consciousness in western cultures about these regions and it was important that he was in the context of climate change to light people know that these regions are fundamentally -- fundamental to our identities. museum from the whatcome -- whatcom museum.

saturday at noon on c-span 2. >> i have been involved in politics for years in one way or another. fact of the matter is, i have never seen so many people and waving around the declaration of independence and the constitution. many years ago did not give it a second thought. now it is at the front of minds. there are tens of millions of us. the fact of the matter is tens of millions of us love this country. we do not want it transformed. we have got to get to as many all as we can and educate them. i'm not trying to pat myself on the back. of the purpose on a radio program. -- i can serve part of the service -- purpose on a radio program. >> sunday, best-selling author,

lawyer, a radio personality mark levin on "in dep he will take your calls and questions in depth, starting live at noon eastern. that is the first sunday of every month on c-span2. span, a look at the 20th century first ladies. from edith roosevelt to rosalyn carter. after that, the oral argument challenging california's mandatory collection of dna samples for those arrested for a felony. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] hours, thext two public and private lives of the

first ladies of the 20th century. from season two of "first ladies, influence and image." first lady edith roosevelt bought a family refuge outside of washington called pine nut. sought a place for rest and repairs for the president, close enough to d.c. to get out here as often as needed, but far enough away there was wilderness. she bought the cottage and 15 acres. prescribed,on she $280, the deed is written in her name. the renovation she did include this porch, which she called her a, and specified that they be supported by the untrimmed cedar posts. most of these that you see our original. the color of the house now is the color that it was when the roosevelts were here.

the interior is completely unfinished, they are bare, because it edith wanted them left that way. she wanted a total rustic feel, just as the porch, and natural in every sense. his room was originally divided into two, and edith opened it up into a lodge-like room. she wanted the family to be here together. a cook their meals by the fireplace. would do the. cooking and edith would oil the water for the tea -- would boil the water for the tea and the children would get what was needed for getting the meals together. when edith saw the cottage for the first time, there were no fireplaces. the cottage was unfinished. these fireplaces were done to her specification. she designed these wonderful stone ledges into the fireplace to provide functionality and

interest. the stairs were virtually on the center of the room. they kind of took up the whole thing. edith specified, she moved them to the side for two reasons. one issue one at the bottom floor to be an open room. the other a she wanted to create a room upstairs. this is the tiny room that edith created for athol. the special feature of this was it had a door so that ethol could shut off her brothers from entering the room. his is where edith and t.r. slept. this was the master bedroom. you can see the light streaming through the boards, so it is no better appointed than any of the other rooms. this is the boys room. all four boys would have slept here when they were here. it also has a wonderful mantel, and even better is it has the stone supports that edith would have designed. this was a family place, unique for the roosevelts, because

sagamore hill was a place where and a hub ofle activity. this was a private family time. it veryevelts made clear they do not want anybody here besides family. theiramore hill was primary residence. their first 5, 6 years they were married, he lived here. they lived here year-round. after the white house, they live here year-round again, even though it was hard to heat in the winter. it was the center of their life. it was where their hearts were. household, not only sagamore hill, but all of the places they lived. she managed the family's accounts. she managed the family's investments. what we have here is an account book. this is an example of the annual accounts, from 1891, i think it is, and basically every family

member is listed. then she kept track of the expenses she paid for each family member every month of the year. what it is also broken down into grocery bills, what she would buy from the butcher, what she might pay for a plumber to do repairs. she counted every penny and kept very good track of what the household was spending. sagamore hill was different than earlier presidential homes because it was never a commercial venture. they did not try to be self- sufficient. what edith wanted from sagamore hill was basically to offset the expense of living there. and alfalfaed hay feedye, grains they could their horses and reduce the cost of having horses. they had a lovely garden that produced everything from corn to strawberries. they had an arbor with eight

different kinds of grapes, strawberry and blueberry fields. the idea was to both feed the family and the staff that lived on site and also reduce the costs of maintaining a property like this. we are holding the book, the sagamore hill guest book. and people would come up to see t.r. and edith, they would sign their names just like they were visiting the white house. it is a casual list, not as formal as the white house, but usually there would have been politicians or government officials. even family sign the book. here in 1904, or anna roosevelt visited, and that is t.r.'s , and douglas robinson, who was karen's husband. that is a family visit that day. there are signatures from them.

so sometimes, i mean, i don't think these people signed their name. i think edith went back and made note of who was visiting, with a wonderful illustration done by "e of the visitors, showing hope that sunset" is what the illustration says. it was a wonderful way for the family to keep track of who went to see them. and their family and friends were here and what they were up to while they were visiting. edith roosevelt came to sagamore hill in 1887 as a young bride. she lived here until 1948, the end of her life. this was done in the 1920s. it is a charcoal sketch done at sagamore hill by john singer sargent, the famous american portrait painter. edith was obviously a widow in the 1920s. she traveled a great elin that time. inshe traveled a great deal that time, visiting foreign lands and her children, just a sickly seeing the world.

she spent a lot of time away from sagamore hill. i think fulfilling her curiosity. she was always interested in the world. after looking at it in books for years, she got onto boats and planes and automobiles and went to see it. of the have here are two edith roosevelt's diplomatic passports. the first was issued in 1919. after theodore roosevelt's death. her first trip noted in it is to france, where she traveled after two weeks after his death. to visit therance grave of quentin roosevelt, who had been killed the previous july. she wanted to see his grave, dedicate a marker to him. this later passport is from the 1930s. it is wonderful because it has a lovely picture of the edith, but it also has stamps from her travels to europe, portugal, france, italy, and south america, el salvador, mexico, brazil.

it shows some of the breath of her interest in the world and the effort that she went to to get there. >> first lady helen taft's influence is seen every spring and washington, d.c., because she was the driving force in acquiring 3000 cherry blossom trees from japan. >> when helen taft became first 9, she was0 addressing the cherry trees around the tidal basin. the tidal basin was a mess. there was a speedway where people would erase their carriages. there was really nothing to draw people or make a debut novel place for people to gather and enjoy nature. helen taft wanted to change that. so one of the first thing she did when she became first lady was to ask for trees to be planted. they were requested from nurseries in pennsylvania. but the japanese heard about her interest and they decided to give 2000 trees to the united

states in her honor, from the city of tokyo to the city of washington, as a gift honoring the american support of japan and the japanese war. of0 trees arrived in january 1910. everyone was shocked. the trees that were sent were older and very tall and bug infested. it was decided they would have to be burned. president taft himself made the decision they would have to be burned. veryapanese were accommodating and understanding and decided to send 3000 trees which arrived in 1912. it is those that we still have a few of around the tidal basin. this is the north section of the tidal basin, with a view of the washington monument, where many of the original trees have been planted. the older ones are wider and they have gnarly trunks, typical of branches, the dominant type of cherry tree around the basin. this is where helen taft would

have planted the first cherry blossom tree that came in the shipment in 1912. these would not be here if not for helen taft. will many people were enchanted with all things japanese, it was due to her the trees are here today. >> the smithsonian has very few pieces that belonged to helen taft. but the piece we do have is i think the most significant, actually one of the most significant pieces and the first lady's collection. we are going to open it up for you. helen taft was a woman of firsts. ofen taft was a woman combinations. this to me symbolizes all of that. inaugurallen taft's gown. she had the dress embroidered in the philippines to wear for the inaugural ball. the inauguration was very important to helen taft. her husband coming into the white house and herself coming into the white house.

it was a very ceremonious occasion for her. occasion, nots only her entry into the white itse but really then added as a mark for first ladies of the united states when she became the first first lady to donate her down to dismiss sony and. she happened to be the first lady when the founders of the first ladies collection were putting the collection together. they met helen taft at a lunch commemorating dolly madison. they asked her if she would be interested in the exhibit they were putting together on first ladies. they were trying to acquire something from every first lady, every presidential administration. this is taft -- mrs. taft offered to lend and then donate her down. she is one of the patrons of the first ladies collection and established the tradition first ladies would donate their inaugural down to the collection.

every first lady after helen have to had an inaugural down has donated it to the smithsonian institution. >> she love to travel. when taft got a chance to be chairman of the philippine commission, she jumped at the chance, encouraging him to take the job. they took the family into the wasippines, where taft later governor general of the philippines. she had a chance to travel the world. she also introduced her children to the travel. she learned differently which is. banquets were a big thing. ,efore she and the children william howard taft cabled about some of the banquets, and mrs. taft like to have some of the banquets and incorporate the military people, the philippine people, and these are programs from those. the philippine people loved william howard taft and his family. they traded him -- they treated him just like equals. this is taft invited them to

dinners, they attended a lot of the celebrations at the luneta, where she like to see the bands play. entertainment was a big part of the things she did over there while she was in the philippines. we are about to go into the collection storage area, where we keep some of our more valuable artifacts as well as things that are not on display. as we come in, we see this philippine just. lot offt collected a philippine items, chairs, furniture, and this is a storage chest they bought while they were over there. it was one of the items they picked up while they were there. what i have here are some photographs from some ladies in the philippines. they took some formal photographs here. inscriptions, gave them to mrs. taft.

atst wishes from a telecom december 22, 1903, manila, philippines." that illustrates the admiration the philippine people had for the taft family, especially mrs. taft as she worked to make them feel integrated in the greatest society, make them feel equal to the other people, inviting them to parties, putting on musicals, those types of things, helping with education. so they really love the tafts, and to this day we still get people coming from the philippines who have that connection with the taft family and the things they did while they were there. >> while they were courting, first lady allen and president wilson wrote fervently to each other expressing their undying love. >> here on the shelves are the correspondence between woodrow love letters, and it has to be the largest collection of love letters between any

future president and future first lady. these letters were sealed in a truck when they moved to the prospect house and 1902, and the truck was not open until the 1960s. it is a time capsule shedding extraordinary light on the wilsons' life together. woodrow is what living in baltimore, going to johns hopkins. he writes in january, 1894, "my own darling, when you come to my study and kiss me as i sit at my desk, it is as if this attachment seems a force of my mind. not wrong trust it is to worship you as i do. you are the presiding genius of both my mind and heart, and in that fact insists the happiness and the strength of your own woodrow." i think in this letter we see the extent to which woodrow buton not only loved ellen,

it knowledge didn't is very clear way his intellectual debt to her. how many cases can you say that, that the first lady and husband, that he is stepping forward and saying i acknowledge you are the source of so much of not only my happiness but intellectual development? literature,ed me to their words were. they would sit together on the campus and they would read words worth to gather sitting on the grass. he acknowledges this important role that ellen plays in his life. she writes back to him, "how can i thank you, dearest, for the sweet things that you say in this letter. how happy it makes me when you say such sweet things even when i think how unworthy i am of it all. i to trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. it would be wrong to question it

as it would be to breathe. i am with every breath , elen."er your own often she does not respond to him as exuberantly, because she is somewhat melancholy. she puts herself second to his needs again and again. she is serving him, helping him. that was her conception of her role as woodrow wilson's wife. as she is dying in the white house, that tragic summer, august 1914, the world about to enter into a great international convulsion with world war i about to break out, she is dying in the white house and she grabbed the hand of dr. grayson and whispers to him, "dr., if i go away, promise me you will take good care of my husband."

this was the home of woodrow and to 1910.son from 1902 they lived here until he entered politics in 1910, becoming governor, then ran for president and became president in 1912. let's take a look inside. it is in this reception hall that ellen wilson would have greeted many guests that came to prospect, including at the time of his inaugural when she greeted mark twain right here. sun of the the , jpmorgan,am lincoln and also booker t. washington. all were entertained right here by ellen wilson. this is the reception room. this is the grand space where ellen would have entertained

people who came to the home. it could've been anyone she was entertaining, everyone from visiting foreign ministers to very significant college presidents, all the way down a freshman. she entertained 300 freshmen in this room every fall. she was the first 20th-century person to live here, and she strips away a lot of the victorian detail. she tries to make it modern, current. for example, she love the marble mantel piece from 1850 that was here, but it had decorative roses. she did not like roses. she thought they were too thick taurean, too fancy, so she had been chiseled away, keeping the mantle but chiseling off the roses. she also add the heavy details, the chair rail and the molding that came up the wall. all of these are original ellen wilson detail she personally supervised along with the architect. on the second floor of prospect,

we are in the private family part of the house with the bedrooms all around. she would recognize these rooms. she would recognize the details. her bedroom around the corner has the original ivory door knob that she would have turned every day. bringthese details that her very close to us. i think ellen wilson seems quite real and immediate. this is the porch of prospect house. it has been more than a 100 years since they lived here, but it is extraordinarily similar today to how it looked back then, the same beautiful view and lovely garden that ellen wilson designed and would recognize if she came back. the wilson family love to sit out here and have tea. we have records of them having long conversations on this porch, dictating everything from is kindergarten a good idea to should women be allowed to vote. they would often sit here in the heat of the summer underneath wisteriada, the same vine growing across as was

growing there in the wilsons' day. ellen wilson enjoyed the architecture of prospect tremendously, dating from 1850. it was lushly victorian. she simplified and tour out some of the details so the house could be more modern and classic. prospect garden here in princeton, new jersey. his is a garden that ellen originally designed when she was the resident from 1902 to 19210. i think here we see the full aesthetic of ellen's vision. she is an oil painter, very competent. she knows a lot of the american impressionistic painters of the day. she loves to paint landscapes and as a corollary to that she lays out this beautiful garden at rossbach house. she plants the seed or trees. she plants roses and all kinds of flowers. in fact, she loves this garden so much, she hates to leave it when the wilsons enter politics

and leave princeton. when ellen wilson is in the white house, she brings the white house gardener back here to this garden at the prospect house and says to the white house gardener, let's re-create the rose section of this garden at the white house. ofn wilson could look out her bedroom window at prospect mansion, she could look down and see flowers all day. similarly, she wanted the president of the united states to be able to see roses when he looked out of his window at the white house. of course, this becomes the famous rose garden at the white house. does not lively to see the rose garden completed. she is dying in the summer of 1914. she is wheeled out into the space outside of this, in her wheelchair, watching as the gardener works, but does not live to see the completion of the vision she had four roses blooming at the white house. that is a vision that really begins here at prospect garden at princeton. >> the daughter of a judge,

first lady edith wilson wrote in a small rural town of virginia. >> this is the birthplace and childhood home of the edith wilson. today it looks very much like it did when they lived here from 1866 until 1899. urgently -- originally, and 1840s, this was two houses. they were joined together, which connected the upstairs home. the downstairs was used as retail space. the upstairs was the home of the bowlings. front door original to the bowling home. this is where the bowling family would have entered. let me take you inside. this is the birth room of edith bolling wilson, the bedroom of her parents. she was the seventh of 11 children, born to the bollings. family one of over 20

members who lived upstairs in the home. two of the most interesting pieces we have are the bolling cradle, which belonged to the family. the cradle there've children what apps -- the cradle their children would have slept in. the other piece is a child's chair we know was actually here in the home. we can just imagine all of the bolling children sitting in the chair. the cover is original and we are so happy and has not been reupholstered over the years. the us the bedroom of grandmother bolling. we know that edith as a little girl slept in the room with her grandmother. andgrandmother was invalid had back problems. she was quite spoiled by her grandmother. grandmother's favorite. but along with that came the responsibility of being her caregiver. this is the back sleeping porch. this is where edith would gather with her family, where they would enjoy evenings together.

i think one of my favorite pictures is the picture of young edith at age 13. she is actually sitting on a stool in this corner. she has her books in her lap. we are very fortunate to have this picture of her. we see what she is dressed like, we see her books, we see how her hair is fixed. we see her in a place where she was very comfortable and spent a lot of time as a young girl. this is the library of her father, judge bolling. her parents sent her to washington, d.c., to keep her away from an older gentleman that was wishing to court her. they sent her to her sister in washington. there she met and married her first husband, norman, and it really changed her life. we have a letter in this box from henry morgan paul, who was wanting to write a book about his experiences.

if heis asking grayson can use certain information. he wants to use in the book the information you gave me about president wilson, and you're having come to the conclusion they should resign and how he was influenced by mrs. wilson to give up this plan. so mrs. wilson was very concerned that her husband would not get better if he did not have something to engage his mind, that he would just deteriorate if he was forced out of the presidency. while president wilson was ill, it has been speculated among historians that mrs. wilson essentially became the president. we have one document here that sheds a little bit of light on that. it is a telegram from henry morgan paul, the ambassador to is writing to dr. cary grayson, asking if the

president has any objections to a citizens meeting to protest against turks being left in control of constantinople. enthal has been asked to speak at this meeting and he is asking permission, he does not want to embarrass the president, so he is asking for device. at the bottom of the telegram is handwriting that is edith's handwriting. we are familiar enough with her handwriting to recognize it as such. at the bottom she writes, " thinks it well to postpone speaking on such subjects." is, did edithknow take this telegram and to wilson , ask his opinion, then write that, or did she just come to that conclusion herself? the public was very interested and curious to know the condition of wilson's health. so there were rumors that were rampant in the papers, even

congressmen did not know what was going on. they only knew what they read in the papers. cary it was all over, grayson later wrote a summary of what happened, from the time of the stroke until wilson left the white house. , the decisionge was made to announce that wilson was suffering from nervous exhaustion. there were no other details given as to what was wrong with him. really, nobody knew the extent of his illness, that he really was not capable of doing anything. i dr. grayson thought it was wise to issue general statements only. further, mrs. wilson, the president's wife, was opposed to any other course. she did not want it to be known that he was really suffering." was protecting her husband. she wanted him to be able to his duties as president.

she was worried about his legacy. she ultimately was concerned about his health, this is woodrow wilson's 1919 residential limousine. edith loved writing in this car. she liked the final -- finding -- finer things. she owned a jewelry store after her first husband passed away. i imagine she relished the luxury of being transported in a car such as this. edith was very independent. she was one of the first women .c. to have an electric car. she drove around town in it. to give you a better sense of her style and fashion i can take you upstairs and show you some close. edith wilson was a stylish lady. andwas a lady of society

she dressed the part. what of my favorite pieces -- and we have photographs of edith wearing this -- is the fox stole. it was very fashionable in the early part of the 20th century. a lot of high-society women were this. we have another for that edith would have worn -- fur edith would have worn. blackr piece is this evening dress. this is a perfect example of an evening dress that would have complemented by one of the furs that she owned. two very special pieces we have downs. these two are from the 1920's come in 1930's. it would've been after wilson passed away.

the wilson.t of but they did belong to edith. they look rather shapeless hanging on a hanger, but the the shoulders would've hung and just draped and kind of clone to the body -- clung to the body. from this, you can tell that edith was a large woman. chested,uldered, broad rather buxom. we can telle close that edith was a member of high society, a woman of fashion. she was very comfortable wearing expensive fabrics, expensive close. -- clothes. she encoded -- enjoyed going out on the armor the president wearing such downs. >> first lady florence harding played a major role in it -- in

her husband's campaign. >> all of the action took place on this very poor cheer. -- porch here. during speeches, worn would stand on the steps here. they would wave to the crowd who were parading down mount vernon avenue towards the house. this was a perfect track -- backdrop for the campaign. not only did it show the human side of the hardings, the fact they did not live in a mansion, they live in a very normal house like most of the folks coming to see him speak. they wanted to feature this town as well. worn himself often said that this am pain was taking main street to the white house. -- campaign was taking main street to the white house. florence was very much a part of the message. she was a visible part of the campaign. she was always near him on the front porch when he was speaking.

interviews herself to magazines, especially women's magazines. she alternated between being the savvy politician to being the homebody, the wife, the caretaker of the candidate. she knew how politics works. knew the different sides of her that would have to be portrayed as part of the campaign. -- campaign in order to make his campaign successful for him. she is not afraid to wade into a crowd. she is not hanging back. she is in the line, shaking hands alongside the president. if noto hundreds thousands of people. standing there as long as it takes to shake hands and greet people. we see a florence harding who knows how her husband is going to get to the white house -- through the vote.

it is very important politically, but she absolutely believes in the people of the united states. >> every detail is thought-out. you put a lot of energy and a lot of time into those little things that make your house different from your neighbors. really florence's house. all the things in the house -- the stained-glass windows, hardwood floors, tile around the fireplace -- that is all florence. she is bringing her influence of what she has experienced in life into this marriage, into the house. this really is a very, very personal space for them. this key is a very special key. it is hinged, so it fits in your pocket. it folds of bananas need. up, and -- it folds that is neat.

mr. harding carried this key for a long time. it was the key to his newspaper building, "the marion star." you cannot dig about it without bringing florence into the picture. she had the circulation department for 12 years. it was very much a joint enterprise between the two of them, certainly a sense of pride . it was something that was kind of their baby. i would like to take you into site tog them on our other things connected to "the marion star. mrs. harding kept the books that the "star." this is an accounting book in her handwriting. she's keeping track of the money going in and out. worn work the editorial side. she is running the business. she's keeping the books, running

the circulation department, assembling newsboys and starts home delivery of the newspaper for the first time. so you don't have to come to the newspaper office to buy your newspaper. you can have it tossed on your front porch. also, in this case, we have the time start ash timestamp -- timestamp from "the marion star." a picture of the building at that time. that does not stand any more. florence harding at a very -- had a very business-like mine. she's a little bit out of step with other women in her time. because of that. her father was a businessman atop her about giving books and mortgages and other parts of the business world, things that most women would not have an interest anyone takenhave time to teach them, as well. this sets her up nicely to with worn at the "marion star. "

he needs help keeping the place afloat. to houndit difficult people to pay their bills. she does not. she does not shy away from that at all. that frees him up to do what he does best, which is the editorial process. the relationship with advertisers in town. it is a win-win situation for the newspaper at works really well for the two of them. >> after graduating from the university of vermont, future first lady grace coolidge work at a school for the deaf. it was the place where she met her husband. >> this is the school for the deaf were calvin and grace met for the first time. she was a teacher living in a dorm here. he was a tenant on a boarding house on the property. she lived up here in the second floor of this building. we are standing in a courtyard

area. there would have been a flower garden. she would've attended to it in her free time. right beside us is were calvin: lived as a border -- calvin coolidge lived as a border. watchingve stood there grace in the flower garden. she caught a glimpse of him standing there watching her in his undershirt. he was watching her 10 euros garden. we are now and grace's bedroom. -- he was watching her tanned the rose garden -- tend the rose garden. >> we are now in grace's bedroom. the part of the room below them was available for them to meet up. ofare now in the parlor room the dormitory that grace coolidge lived in. calvin andm is where grace, when they were courting,

would meet up and be able to sit and talk and have some time together. 30'ste him being in his and her in her 20's, and they had to abide by the rules of the school and needed to meet some where theyewhere could be chaperoned. >> plymouth notch is the birthplace and boyhood home of college who -- calvin coolidge. he was born in a little house attached to the back of the store that his father operated. when he was four, he moved across the road to the building we knew -- now know as the cool -- coolidge homestead. this was quite even back in the roaring 20s. even back in the roaring 20s. she loved to watch and would go down -- walk and would go down to the cemetery, especially after her son calvin junior died.

she did a lot of knitting and other types of handwork was you was here. she just enjoyed the country area. she was a burlington girl, growth in the biggest town in vermont. when she was growing up her house had electricity and plumbing. when she came here, this is very much a country home. no electricity or plumbing in the house where she stayed with her husband. this is the kitchen. this is where they would've had breakfast and lunch and some suppers, too, i'm sure. there is no real dining room in the house. it is very simple. one running faucet in the kitchen and i was the only plumbing in the entire house. contrast to aa grace had been experiencing not only as a child growing up in burlington, which was kind of sophisticated at the time, as well as in the white house years

when she had all of the modern luxuries. pretty -- wo-hold two-hole privy. this is not what she was used to. reports aboute grace, she probably took this in good stride and regarded this as part of her experience with her husband. this is part of the bedroom set that grace and calvin used when they were here at the coolidge have instead -- homestead. it is a simple set of furniture. it is very typical of furniture circa 1870's or so. the rooms are small in this house and not the spacious rooms they were accustomed to at the white house, certainly.

she was among the select group in the family sitting room that was witness to the swearing-in of calvin coolidge after all -- after harding died. we now know this room was the oath of office room. this is where the family gathered were president coolidge was administered the oath of office. all the furnishings in here are original. there gathered around the central table. used to signwas the documents, the lamp that with the scene, but the bible that was here but not official use in the swearing because that was not required by vermont law. grace would have stood about where i am now and there is a famous painting by arthur teller of the homestead inaugural. it shows the group gathered around and she is right next to calvin's side. >> let's head into the vault where we keep specific things about the coolidge family. life coolidge's earlier

for her marriage to calvin coolidge as well as documents about her relationship with her family, specifically her sons and grandchildren. grace is not only a loving wife, she was also a loving mother. we have some wonderful correspondence. head22 grace wrote to the of an academy were both of her sons were. she writes, is there a way in which we can arrange for calvin junior to have a soft oiled egg for breakfast or a time without great inconvenience? had a minor surgery and grace was very worried about his health. the other letter we have is written by calvin junior. this is written in 1924. hee many songs, -- sons, talked about his schooling, his close, because he was growing out of them, and traveling back

to d.c. to visit his mom and dad. here is an interesting side note -- obviously, he forgot to put something in the letter. "send me some socks." it is sad because we see it at the last documented letter that we have before he suddenly passes away while in washington dc, less than a month later. shortly after his death, people wrote to the president and first lady in the white house sending their condolences. , gracecommon at the time and calvin egg knowledge their sympathies by sending letters in reply thanking them for their condolences and sympathy. these letters were always ordered in black as a way of showing a were in morning. we have quite a few of those letters in our collection. grace and calvin had two sons. calvin junior was the younger. john coolidge did not die young

and lived to an old age. we have a wonderful letter from john to his mother on her birthday. is a wonderful letter where it describes his love. dearest mother, just to let you know i am thinking of you on your birthday and loving you as no oil has ever loved his mother. -- boy has ever loved his mother. john and grace had a very close relationship. he never really said much about how the passing of his brother affected the family. he was very quiet on that. you can tell from the letters between john and grace until her were lettersere many times a year and they were very, very close. whether that was increased by calvin junior's passing or not, there is no way of knowing although i would assume that is the case. >> i wish you both a very happy christmas and a bright and prosperous new year. >> it is a pleasure to greet

you, mr. santa claus. the sealsou open which begins on thanks giving day of this year. autographingmind some of the christmas seals as a special favor for santa claus? >> why, i should be delighted. it is one of the things that i do best. it is a good thing you have, santa claus. father, santa claus, give it to me. >> oh! hair inome of the dog's it. >> grown up a tomboy, first lady lou hoover got her fondness for the outdoors from her father. boy,e father wanted a which is why we think the name lou -- it is not sure for anything, it is actually lou -- as a result of that, he takes

her out. she becomes a tomboy of the era. fish, shoot,o go camping. she is learning about the outdoors and loving it. rifle owned by lou. what i love about this is that you have this photograph. it is an early photograph of her on top of this mule looking pretty rough and tough there with a bunch of provisions. then she has this done. -- gun. very any oakley to me. oakley to me. one of her most famous essays is "independent girl. thatnteresting thing is she is talking about being someone independent and doing her own thing, but at the end, " sooner or later she will meet a spirit equally as independent as

her own. clash of armss a and in mortal kombat or they will unite and take on the world." this is her diary from 1891- 1892. she is talking about her life. one of the things she talks about her loft is her botany classes and going out hiking. she really likes to be in the outdoors. she refers here -- mrs. palmer and i were a good match for climbing. we beat the others altarpieces. -- all to pieces. we found a lot of flowers. lizards and frogs. all these things that are just a lot of fun to be outside in the world. as part of that class, they are also drawings that just -- drawing sketches of flowers. there are flowers and butterflies.

different kinds of things. they had the latin name with them as well. it would be something few had learned from her class. lou does not write about herself, necessarily. she writes about the experiences of her life. she is a highly educated woman at this time. . -- time period. both her mom and dad created a loose, open edge here you go, if you would learn something we will encourage that and allow you to do that. she was able to do that and explore that as fully as she could. the first time mr. hoover came to rapid and cap -- rapid in onmp, they came horseback on a horse trail and came up to the headwaters with at the river where there was 164 acres for sale sandwiched between two small streams. in those days it was five dollars an acre. for less than $1000 they

purchased 164 beautiful acres here in the mountains. she was instrumental in the design of this camp. it very much shows her love of nature and her simplicity, we what she enjoyed about being outdoors. it is all wrapped up into buildings that were opposite of what they had in other aspects of their lives. they were trying to create a retreat where they could relax and get back to nature. be asnted the house to much outside as possible. she had it designed where the windows would open, the panels will float down -- fold down, screens would let the air in. she could smell the outdoors smells coming through right into her room. she did the inside but at the same time have a feeling of being outside. the sun porch was her office and it is a beautiful room with windows around again so the light can be natural all day long.

in fact, there are not any lights in their at all. no electric lights hanging from the ceiling. it is all natural semi coming in. -- sunlight coming in. she had a desk and there were she would spend hours writing letters. much of what we know about rapid camphe camp -- rapid end comes from the letters she wrote there. many of the guests would set out here. of pictures with the hoovers and guest sitting right here on this porch. the hoover love to smell smoke of a campfire and she wanted to have that smell in camp all day long. mrs. hoover wanted her gardens to be different than what she had the white house. she wanted them to be very informal. in fact, she is quoted as saying she wanted them to be a little bit wild-ish. she did not want formal beds.

she wanted everything out there randomly. linednted her paths to be with rock so you could find your way but nothing very outstanding. she wanted it to blend in. the rock structure behind me is lou's fountain. it is a rustic fountain made out of rocks from the local area. this was a rock garden. his is what she referred to as a rocker re- -- rockery. she emphasized rocks because that was her love of geology. >> we are at the lou henry hoover house here on the campus of stanford university. it is significant because this is the primary residence of the hoovers. this was known as family headquarters and it is significant as it relates to lou hoover because she was the one who designed it. she worked with several architects to come up with the plans and they gave her advice. behind the driving force the design of the house. it was something that impressed the architects that helped her

with the formal blueprints and plans. she had such a strong grasp of design and how she wanted the house to look even though she was not an architect. that was not her professional training. she was a geologist, but she had a very good sense of space and design, how she wanted the house to look. it was something that she intimately is involved in. -- was involved in. of theucky to have a lot original documents and correspondence relating to the design and construction of the house. we are looking at the documentation related to the building and design of the lou henry hoover house. it is especially important because it shows how involved lou henry was in designing the house. here are some the earliest drawings we have from the design of the house. here we have some details about the cabinets they were going to be installing. a little footstool, here. weredesign details that

likely sketched by lou henry herself. a lot of lou henry's influence came from hurt travels in the southwest of the united states. also from her travels in north africa out, which he traveled with herbert hoover, so there is ofinitely an influence native cultures, non-american cultures, but also native american cultures influencing the architecture of the house. you can see here that there was an initial design for arches above the doorway. i was changed. there are definitely a lot of arches in the house, as well. what we have here are some floor plans of the house. they show details of the rooms. the living room, there, the terrace. you can see the rooms are designed in a way where they easily exit out into the outside

, the outdoors. it is a great legacy of lou and a's because she designed the house, she created it. it was inspired by her ideas. she had very close involvement in all aspects of the house's creation. glad that as your honorary president, is my honor to receive the support of the -- counsel. and so it is with great joy that --ive to you the [indiscernible]

>> encouraged by fdr, first lady eleanor roosevelt bought a roosevelt -- residents to develop her own job ideas and later became her home after his death. >> let's go upstairs to where the bedrooms are located in we will climb a historically creaky staircase. this room here is her master bedroom. , franklin roosevelt takes prime footage with the largest portrait in the room. mrs. roosevelt's that is somewhat interesting in its addiction and it shows how mrs. roosevelt referred her laundry to be delivered by household staff. folded and placed upon her bed. she would place it throughout the cottage. on close examination of the laundry, it reveals it is all monogrammed. we have mrs. roosevelt's

monogram on the main towels. we also have nancy's monogram on some of the linens. some of the linens are jointly monogrammed with the initials e. e.m.n. that was pretty consistent. when i look to this room, it just surprises me that a lady who was born into wealth, that married into wealth, and generated wealth in her lifetime would live in such a simple fashion. the bed is surely not an elaborate bed for a woman who was 5'11" tall. she had a simple lifestyle. it stands out. this is eleanor roosevelt's sleeping porch. it is a very important area here. this is where mrs. roosevelt would come in the evening at approximately 11:00 after saying good night to her guests.

it was a private space for her. the little scottish terrier dog that is so famous with and roosevelt story would accompany her to this area and spend the night here with her. this is where she would sit, do writing,-minute letter maybe some last-minute reading, and then retire for the evening. she referred to this area as being like a tree house since it is surrounded with glass, screened in areas. she can overlook her property, the fall kill creek -- faulkhill creek, the stone outage, which was so important in the early years. this is her private space where she could get away connectivity's of the cottage for a short while and be with herself.

when she fell in love with franklin when she fell in love with franklin roosevelt back in 1905 when they got married, they would move in with franklin's mother, sarah. she operated this estate since the year 1900, when sarah's elderly husband, mr. james roosevelt had passed away. home,e this was sarah's she made the decisions here. she also handled the finances of the family and was most definitely the matriarch of the family. this is where the family gathered for the daily mail, the activity of the room in porton because it reflects the interaction of the family. sara roosevelt sat at the head of the table, franklin roosevelt