>> right and some of those examples came from california. >> that may be but it's just somebody who got wobbler, on what is a for example, and there is no salt or anything like that. it system itself recognizes wasn't serious, so they kick it out, and that persons dna is now capture. fingerprints, we give up fingerprints and loss of contact. the big difference about dna, , defending that dna data database by rest. now they are creating a database , and the thing or print doesn't carry with it all the biological information that is associated

with the full dna. you are saying that california can take that dna, hold it in only look atand the john dna, but they have it in their custody, and there is a marylandecause versus king. >> by law, california can only look at discrete portions of identification dna. that is it, nothing else. >> what's wrong with the proposal by ms. haskell recognizing what king does restrict, to simply say go to the supreme court decision, it talks about a valid arrest supported by probable cause. says we cancouncil draw the line with a judicial determination of probable cause

and therefore am a free reign under the california statute. what is wrong with that line in terms of did -- interpreting how king applies to this case? nothat interpretation would be consistent with king, which recognizes that the identification information am a whether it is fingerprints, photographs, or dna, informs the charging decision. scalia role does justice -- how would this respond to ?udge mcewen's for whatever reason, they got it wrong, something you did not charge.

how do we interpret that? >> justice bill leah made a number of factual errors in that analysis. there are criteria, the court announced what the criteria is for taking, analyzing, and keeping the sample. >> at every juncture, the u.s. supreme court recognized and focused on the national import of king. -- ine rogers stayed recognition of the fact that it implicates important features.

justice scalia said perhaps it was the most important tags. because of the court holdings and legal determinations were not tethered to the four corners of the maryland law, there is no basis for claims that it maryland law is constitutional and california law is not. iq. -- thank you. the wisest and best thing we can do here is simply a firm denial of the preliminary injunction, and the case would then be back in district court where you can reframe the class and make whatever claim you

want. anything else we say beyond that is too much. they were charged with offenses how can we say, and --ht of maryland versus king >> the factual record in this case is more than sufficient. it is a question of pure law. the court can say what the law is him and the district court will implement that law. otherwise we may be appear in the year are to in precisely the same situation. i don't think that serves anyone's interest. [indiscernible]

have already we have is vastly bigger than the record was thinking. accommodates all of the governmental interest that king identified. i don't see that additional facts are necessary to establish that. i'm asking that the court decide the issue now, one way or the other, to be honest. thank you. x all right, thank you. we are adjourned.

>> on the next washington journal, a looked at the prospect or changes to immigration policy in the upcoming congress. our guest is alan gomez of usa today. then a discussion of the new book examining how u.s. presidents have tested the limits of their emergency powers. piece on the top 10 lobbying victories of 2013 washington journal, live every morning it seven eastern on c- span. >> we are in the gallery of the light catcher building of the washington museum. at vanishingg

eyes, alpine and polar landscapes and art. the purpose of the exhibition is to highlight the rich cultural heritage of the planets frozen front tears, the alpine regions, the arctic and antarctic. the is a photograph of greenland ice sheet by german artist dating from 2008. it is exhibited side-by-side by camilleograph from east greenland, from her last iceberg series of 2006. many people understand the importance of eyes for the planet, it's reflective qualities that help regulate the lyman, but many people are unaware that there is a collective consciousness in western culture about these importantnd so it was

within the context of climate change to let people know that these regions are fundamental to our identity. asthere is more this weekend book tv and american history tv look at the literary life of bellingham, washington. >> this coming november, 35 senate seats will join the 435 house seats up for election. his coming thursday, charlie cook of the cook the lyrical report will highlight the nations major congressional races. see that live from american university to getting a 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span2. thursday, our encore presentations of q&a programs levin.ntinue with yuval he talks about the influence of

the conservative magazine that covers economics, culture, and politics. see that it's 7 p.m. eastern, right here on c-span. next, our first lady serious looks at 20th century first ladies from edith roosevelt to rosalynn carter. blackthat, the national caucus of state legislators examine civil rights issues. later, a preview of the top political stories to watch in 2014. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> over the next two hours, the public and private lives of the first ladies of the 20th century. from season two of "first ladies, influence and image." first lady edith roosevelt bought a family refuge outside of washington called pine nut. >> she sought a place for rest

and repairs for the president, close enough to d.c. to get out here as often as needed, but far enough away there was wilderness. she bought the cottage and 15 acres. her renovation she prescribed, $280, the deed is written in her name. the renovation she did include this porch, which she called her piazza, and specified that they be supported by the untrimmed cedar posts. most of these that you see our original. the color of the house now is the color that it was when the roosevelts were here. the interior is completely unfinished, they are bare, because it edith wanted them left that way. she wanted a total rustic feel, just as the porch, and natural in every sense. his room was originally divided into two, and edith opened it up

into a lodge-like room. she wanted the family to be here together. a cook their meals by the fireplace. generally t.r. would do the cooking and edith would boil the water for the tea and the children would get what was needed for getting the meals together. when edith saw the cottage for the first time, there were no fireplaces. the cottage was unfinished. these fireplaces were done to her specification. she designed these wonderful stone ledges into the fireplace to provide functionality and interest. the stairs were virtually on the center of the room. they kind of took up the whole thing. edith specified, she moved them to the side for two reasons. one issue one at the bottom floor to be an open room. the other a she wanted to create

a room upstairs. this is the tiny room that edith created for athol. -- ethel. the special feature of this was it had a door so that ethol could shut off her brothers from entering the room. his is where edith and t.r. slept. this was the master bedroom. you can see the light streaming through the boards, so it is no better appointed than any of the other rooms. this is the boys room. all four boys would have slept here when they were here. it also has a wonderful mantel, and even better is it has the stone supports that edith would have designed. this was a family place, unique for the roosevelts, because sagamore hill was a place where t.r. had people and a hub of activity. this was a private family time. the roosevelts made it very clear they do not want anybody here besides family. >> sagamore hill was their

primary residence. their first 5, 6 years they were married, he lived here. they lived here year-round. after the white house, they live here year-round again, even though it was hard to heat in the winter. it was the center of their life. it was where their hearts were. edith ran the household, not only sagamore hill, but all of the places they lived. she managed the family's accounts. she managed the family's investments. what we have here is an account book. this is an example of the annual accounts, from 1891, i think it is, and basically every family member is listed. then she kept track of the expenses she paid for each family member every month of the year.

what it is also broken down into grocery bills, what she would buy from the butcher, what she might pay for a plumber to do repairs. she counted every penny and kept very good track of what the household was spending. sagamore hill was different than earlier presidential homes because it was never a commercial venture. they did not try to be self- sufficient. what edith wanted from sagamore hill was basically to offset the expense of living there. so they raised hay and alfalfa and rye, grains they could feed their horses and reduce the cost of having horses. they had a lovely garden that produced everything from corn to strawberries. they had an arbor with eight different kinds of grapes, strawberry and blueberry fields. the idea was to both feed the family and the staff that lived on site and also reduce the costs of maintaining a property like this. we are holding the book, the

sagamore hill guest book. and people would come up to see t.r. and edith, they would sign their names just like they were visiting the white house. it is a casual list, not as formal as the white house, but usually there would have been politicians or government officials. even family sign the book. here in 1904, or anna roosevelt visited, and that is t.r.'s older sister, and douglas robinson, who was karen's husband. that is a family visit that day. there are signatures from them. so sometimes, i mean, i don't think these people signed their name. i think edith went back and made note of who was visiting, with a wonderful illustration done by one of the visitors, "showing hope at sunset" is what the illustration says.

it was a wonderful way for the family to keep track of who went to see them. and their family and friends were here and what they were up to while they were visiting. edith roosevelt came to sagamore hill in 1887 as a young bride. she lived here until 1948, the end of her life. this was done in the 1920s. it is a charcoal sketch done at sagamore hill by john singer sargent, the famous american portrait painter. edith was obviously a widow in the 1920s. she traveled a great deal in that time, visiting foreign lands and her children, just a sickly seeing the world. she spent a lot of time away from sagamore hill. i think fulfilling her curiosity. she was always interested in the world. after looking at it in books for years, she got onto boats and planes and automobiles and went to see it.

what we have here are two of the edith roosevelt's diplomatic passports. the first was issued in 1919. after theodore roosevelt's death. her first trip noted in it is to france, where she traveled after two weeks after his death. she went to france to visit the grave of quentin roosevelt, who had been killed the previous july. she wanted to see his grave, dedicate a marker to him. this later passport is from the 1930s. it is wonderful because it has a lovely picture of the edith, but it also has stamps from her travels to europe, portugal, france, italy, and south america, el salvador, mexico, brazil. it shows some of the breath of her interest in the world and the effort that she went to to get there. >> first lady helen taft's influence is seen every spring and washington, d.c., because she was the driving force in

acquiring 3000 cherry blossom trees from japan. >> when helen taft became first lady in 1909, she was addressing the cherry trees around the tidal basin. the tidal basin was a mess. there was a speedway where people would erase their carriages. there was really nothing to draw people or make a debut novel place for people to gather and enjoy nature. helen taft wanted to change that. so one of the first thing she did when she became first lady was to ask for trees to be planted. they were requested from nurseries in pennsylvania. but the japanese heard about her interest and they decided to give 2000 trees to the united states in her honor, from the city of tokyo to the city of washington, as a gift honoring the american support of japan and the japanese war. 2000 trees arrived in january of 1910. everyone was shocked.

the trees that were sent were older and very tall and bug infested. it was decided they would have to be burned. president taft himself made the decision they would have to be burned. the japanese were very accommodating and understanding and decided to send 3000 trees which arrived in 1912. it is those that we still have a few of around the tidal basin. this is the north section of the tidal basin, with a view of the washington monument, where many of the original trees have been planted. the older ones are wider and they have gnarly trunks, overarching branches, typical of the dominant type of cherry tree around the basin. this is where helen taft would have planted the first cherry blossom tree that came in the shipment in 1912. these would not be here if not for helen taft. will many people were enchanted with all things japanese, it was due to her the trees are here today.

>> the smithsonian has very few pieces that belonged to helen taft. but the piece we do have is i think the most significant, actually one of the most significant pieces and the first lady's collection. we are going to open it up for you. helen taft was a woman of firsts. helen taft was a woman of combinations. this to me symbolizes all of that. this is helen taft's inaugural gown. she had the dress embroidered in the philippines to wear for the inaugural ball. the inauguration was very important to helen taft. she saw it as her husband coming into the white house and herself coming into the white house. it was a very ceremonious occasion for her. she marked this occasion, not only her entry into the white house but really then added it as a mark for first ladies of the united states when she became the first first lady to

donate her down to dismiss sony and. she happened to be the first lady when the founders of the first ladies collection were putting the collection together. they met helen taft at a lunch commemorating dolly madison. they asked her if she would be interested in the exhibit they were putting together on first ladies. they were trying to acquire something from every first lady, every presidential administration. mrs. taft offered to lend and then donate her down. she is one of the patrons of the first ladies collection and established the tradition first ladies would donate their inaugural down to the collection. every first lady after helen have to had an inaugural down has donated it to the smithsonian institution. >> she love to travel. when taft got a chance to be chairman of the philippine commission, she jumped at the

chance, encouraging him to take the job. they took the family into the philippines, where taft was later governor general of the philippines. she had a chance to travel the world. she also introduced her children to the travel. she learned differently which is. banquets were a big thing. before she and the children, william howard taft cabled about some of the banquets, and mrs. taft like to have some of the banquets and incorporate the military people, the philippine people, and these are programs from those. the philippine people loved william howard taft and his family. they treated them just like equals. this is taft invited them to dinners, they attended a lot of the celebrations at the luneta, where she like to see the bands play. entertainment was a big part of the things she did over there while she was in the

philippines. we are about to go into the collection storage area, where we keep some of our more valuable artifacts as well as things that are not on display. as we come in, we see this philippine just. mrs. taft collected a lot of philippine items, chairs, furniture, and this is a storage chest they bought while they were over there. it was one of the items they picked up while they were there. what i have here are some photographs from some ladies in the philippines. they took some formal photographs here. and they wrote inscriptions, gave them to mrs. taft. "best wishes, december 22, 1903, manila, philippines." that illustrates the admiration the philippine people had for the taft family, especially mrs. taft as she worked to make them

feel integrated in the greatest society, make them feel equal to the other people, inviting them to parties, putting on musicals, those types of things, helping with education. so they really love the tafts, and to this day we still get people coming from the philippines who have that connection with the taft family and the things they did while they were there. >> while they were courting, first lady allen and president wilson wrote fervently to each other expressing their undying love. >> here on the shelves are the correspondence between woodrow and ellen, love letters, and it has to be the largest collection of love letters between any future president and future first lady. these letters were sealed in a truck when they moved to the prospect house and 1902, and the truck was not open until the 1960s. it is a time capsule shedding extraordinary light on the wilsons' life together.

woodrow is what living in baltimore, going to johns hopkins. he writes in january, 1894, "my own darling, when you come to my study and kiss me as i sit at my desk, it is as if this attachment seems a force of my mind. darling, i trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. you are the presiding genius of both my mind and heart, and in that fact insists the happiness and the strength of your own woodrow." i think in this letter we see the extent to which woodrow wilson not only loved ellen, but it knowledge didn't is very clear way his intellectual debt to her. how many cases can you say that, that the first lady and husband, that he is stepping forward and saying i acknowledge you are the

source of so much of not only my happiness but intellectual development? you introduced me to literature, their words were. they would sit together on the campus and they would read words worth to gather sitting on the grass. he acknowledges this important role that ellen plays in his life. she writes back to him, "how can i thank you, dearest, for the sweet things that you say in this letter? how happy it makes me when you say such sweet things even when i think how unworthy i am of it all. i to trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. it would be wrong to question it as it would be to breathe. i am with every breath altogether your own, ellen." often she does not respond to him as exuberantly, because she is somewhat melancholy.

she puts herself second to his needs again and again. she is serving him, helping him. that was her conception of her role as woodrow wilson's wife. as she is dying in the white house, that tragic summer, august 1914, the world about to enter into a great international convulsion with world war i about to break out, she is dying in the white house and she grabbed the hand of dr. grayson and whispers to him, "doctor, if i go away, promise me you will take good care of my husband." this was the home of woodrow and ellen wilson from 1902 to 1910. they lived here until he entered politics in 1910, becoming governor, then ran for president

and became president in 1912. let's take a look inside. it is in this reception hall that ellen wilson would have greeted many guests that came to prospect, including at the time of his inaugural when she greeted mark twain right here. she greeted the sun of the slain abraham lincoln, jpmorgan, and also booker t. washington. all were entertained right here by ellen wilson. this is the reception room. this is the grand space where ellen would have entertained people who came to the home. it could've been anyone she was entertaining, everyone from visiting foreign ministers to very significant college presidents, all the way down a freshman. she entertained 300 freshmen in this room every fall. she was the first 20th-century

person to live here, and she strips away a lot of the victorian detail. she tries to make it modern, current. for example, she love the marble mantel piece from 1850 that was here, but it had decorative roses. she did not like roses. she thought they were too thick taurean, too fancy, so she had been chiseled away, keeping the mantle but chiseling off the roses. she also add the heavy details, the chair rail and the molding that came up the wall. all of these are original ellen wilson detail she personally supervised along with the architect. on the second floor of prospect, we are in the private family part of the house with the bedrooms all around. she would recognize these rooms. she would recognize the details. her bedroom around the corner has the original ivory door knob that she would have turned every

day. it is these details that bring her very close to us. i think ellen wilson seems quite real and immediate. this is the porch of prospect house. it has been more than a 100 years since they lived here, but it is extraordinarily similar today to how it looked back then, the same beautiful view and lovely garden that ellen wilson designed and would recognize if she came back. the wilson family love to sit out here and have tea. we have records of them having long conversations on this porch, dictating everything from is kindergarten a good idea to should women be allowed to vote. they would often sit here in the heat of the summer underneath the veranda, the same wisteria vine growing across as was growing there in the wilsons' day. ellen wilson enjoyed the architecture of prospect tremendously, dating from 1850. it was lushly victorian. she simplified and tour out some

of the details so the house could be more modern and classic. we are in prospect garden here in princeton, new jersey. his is a garden that ellen originally designed when she was the resident from 1902 to 1910. i think here we see the full expression of ellen's aesthetic vision. she is an oil painter, very competent. she knows a lot of the american impressionistic painters of the day. she loves to paint landscapes and as a corollary to that she lays out this beautiful garden at rossbach house. she plants the seed or trees. she plants roses and all kinds of flowers. in fact, she loves this garden so much, she hates to leave it when the wilsons enter politics and leave princeton. when ellen wilson is in the white house, she brings the white house gardener back here to this garden at the prospect house and says to the white house gardener, let's re-create the rose section of this garden

at the white house. ellen wilson could look out of her bedroom window at prospect mansion, she could look down and see flowers all day. similarly, she wanted the president of the united states to be able to see roses when he looked out of his window at the white house. of course, this becomes the famous rose garden at the white house. ellen tragically does not live to see the rose garden completed. she is dying in the summer of 1914. she is wheeled out into the space outside of this, in her wheelchair, watching as the gardener works, but does not live to see the completion of the vision she had four roses blooming at the white house. that is a vision that really begins here at prospect garden at princeton. >> the daughter of a judge, first lady edith wilson wrote in a small rural town of virginia. >> this is the birthplace and childhood home of the edith wilson. today it looks very much like it did when they lived here from 1866 until 1899.

originally, in the 1840s, this was two houses. they were joined together, which connected the upstairs home. the downstairs was used as retail space. the upstairs was the home of the bowlings. this is the original front door to the bowling home. this is where the bowling family would have entered. let me take you inside. this is the birth room of edith bolling wilson, the bedroom of her parents. she was the seventh of 11 children, born to the bollings. she was one of over 20 family members who lived upstairs in the home. two of the most interesting pieces we have are the bolling cradle, which belonged to the family. the cradle their children would have slept in. the other piece is a child's chair we know was actually here

in the home. we can just imagine all of the bolling children sitting in the chair. the cover is original and we are so happy and has not been reupholstered over the years. the us the bedroom of grandmother bolling. we know that edith as a little girl slept in the room with her grandmother. her grandmother was invalid and had back problems. she was quite spoiled by her grandmother. she was her grandmother's favorite. but along with that came the responsibility of being her caregiver. this is the back sleeping porch. this is where edith would gather with her family, where they would enjoy evenings together. i think one of my favorite pictures is the picture of young edith at age 13. she is actually sitting on a stool in this corner. she has her books in her lap. we are very fortunate to have this picture of her.

we see what she is dressed like, we see her books, we see how her hair is fixed. we see her in a place where she was very comfortable and spent a lot of time as a young girl. this is the library of her father, judge bolling. her parents sent her to washington, d.c., to keep her away from an older gentleman that was wishing to court her. they sent her to her sister in washington. there she met and married her first husband, norman, and it really changed her life. we have a letter in this box from henry morgan paul, who was wanting to write a book about his experiences. so he is asking grayson if he can use certain information. he wants to use in the book the information you gave me about president wilson, and you're having come to the conclusion

they should resign and how he was influenced by mrs. wilson to give up this plan. so mrs. wilson was very concerned that her husband would not get better if he did not have something to engage his mind, that he would just deteriorate if he was forced out of the presidency. while president wilson was ill, it has been speculated among historians that mrs. wilson essentially became the president. we have one document here that sheds a little bit of light on that. it is a telegram from henry morgan paul, the ambassador to turkey, and he is writing to dr. cary grayson, asking if the president has any objections to a citizens meeting to protest against turks being left in control of constantinople. morgenthal has been asked to speak at this meeting and he is asking permission, he does not want to embarrass the president, so he is asking for device.

at the bottom of the telegram is handwriting that is edith's handwriting. we are familiar enough with her handwriting to recognize it as such. at the bottom she writes, "thinks it well to postpone speaking on such subjects." what we don't know is, did edith take this telegram and to wilson, ask his opinion, then write that, or did she just come to that conclusion herself? the public was very interested and curious to know the condition of wilson's health. so there were rumors that were rampant in the papers, even congressmen did not know what was going on. they only knew what they read in the papers. after it was all over, cary grayson later wrote a summary of what happened, from the time of the stroke until wilson left the

white house. on the last page, the decision was made to announce that wilson was suffering from nervous exhaustion. there were no other details given as to what was wrong with him. really, nobody knew the extent of his illness, that he really was not capable of doing anything. "i dr. grayson thought it was wise to issue general statements only. further, mrs. wilson, the president's wife, was opposed to any other course." she did not want it to be known that he was really suffering. again, she was protecting her husband. she wanted him to be able to fulfill his duties as president. she was worried about his legacy. she ultimately was concerned about his health, and she felt if he left the presidency, left the white house, he would just waste away and die.

this is woodrow wilson's 1919 residential limousine. i imagine edith loved writing in this car. she liked the final -- finding finer things. she owned a jewelry store after her first husband passed away. i imagine she relished the luxury of being transported in a car such as this. edith was very independent. she was one of the first women in d.c. to have an electric car. she drove around town in it. to give you a better sense of her style and fashion i can take you upstairs and show you some close. edith wilson was a stylish lady. she was a lady of society and she dressed the part. what of my favorite pieces --

and we have photographs of edith wearing this -- is the fox stole. it was very fashionable in the early part of the 20th century. a lot of high-society women were this. we have another fur edith would have worn. another piece is this black evening dress. this is a perfect example of an evening dress that would have complemented by one of the furs that she owned. two very special pieces we have our two downs. gowns. these two are from the 1920's come in 1930's. it would've been after wilson passed away. these are not of the wilson. but they did belong to edith. they look rather shapeless hanging on a hanger, but the

idea was that the shoulders would've hung and just draped and kind of clone to the body -- clung to the body. from this, you can tell that edith was a large woman. broad shouldered, broad chested, rather buxom. some of these close we can tell that edith was a member of high society, a woman of fashion. she was very comfortable wearing expensive fabrics, expensive clothes. she enjoyed going out on the armor the president wearing such downs. >> first lady florence harding played a major role in it -- in her husband's campaign. >> all of the action took place

on this very poor cheer. -- porch here. during speeches, worn would stand on the steps here. they would wave to the crowd who were parading down mount vernon avenue towards the house. this was a perfect track -- backdrop for the campaign. not only did it show the human side of the hardings, the fact they did not live in a mansion, they live in a very normal house like most of the folks coming to see him speak. they wanted to feature this town as well. worn himself often said that this am pain was taking main street to the white house. -- campaign was taking main street to the white house. florence was very much a part of the message. she was a visible part of the campaign. she was always near him on the front porch when he was

speaking. she gave interviews herself to magazines, especially women's magazines. she alternated between being the savvy politician to being the homebody, the wife, the caretaker of the candidate. she knew how politics works. she knew the different sides of her that would have to be portrayed as part of the campaign. -- campaign in order to make his campaign successful for him. she is not afraid to wade into a crowd. she is not hanging back. she is in the line, shaking hands alongside the president. going to hundreds if not thousands of people. standing there as long as it takes to shake hands and greet people. we see a florence harding who knows how her husband is going to get to the white house -- through the vote. it is very important politically, but she absolutely believes in the people of the united states. >> every detail is thought-out.

you put a lot of energy and a lot of time into those little things that make your house different from your neighbors. this house is really florence's house. all the things in the house -- the stained-glass windows, hardwood floors, tile around the fireplace -- that is all florence. she is bringing her influence of what she has experienced in life into this marriage, into the house. this really is a very, very personal space for them. this key is a very special key. it is hinged, so it fits in your pocket. it folds of bananas need. mr. hart -- it folds up, and that is neat. mr. harding carried this key for a long time. it was the key to his newspaper building, "the marion star." you cannot dig about it without bringing florence into the picture.

she had the circulation department for 12 years. it was very much a joint enterprise between the two of them, certainly a sense of pride. it was something that was kind of their baby. i would like to take you into the using them on our site to other things connected to "the marion star. mrs. harding kept the books that the "star." this is an accounting book in her handwriting. she's keeping track of the money going in and out. worn work the editorial side. she is running the business. she's keeping the books, running the circulation department, assembling newsboys and starts home delivery of the newspaper for the first time. so you don't have to come to the newspaper office to buy your

newspaper. you can have it tossed on your front porch. also, in this case, we have the timestamp from "the marion star." a picture of the building at that time. that does not stand any more. florence harding at a very -- had a very business-like mine. she's a little bit out of step with other women in her time. because of that. her father was a businessman atop her about giving books and mortgages and other parts of the business world, things that most women would not have an interest in nor would have anyone taken time to teach them, as well. this sets her up nicely to with worn at the "marion star." he needs help keeping the place afloat. he finds it difficult to hound people to pay their bills. she does not.

she does not shy away from that at all. that frees him up to do what he does best, which is the editorial process. the relationship with advertisers in town. it is a win-win situation for the newspaper at works really well for the two of them. >> after graduating from the university of vermont, future first lady grace coolidge work at a school for the deaf. it was the place where she met her husband. >> this is the school for the deaf were calvin and grace met for the first time. she was a teacher living in a dorm here. he was a tenant on a boarding house on the property. she lived up here in the second floor of this building. we are standing in a courtyard area. there would have been a flower garden. she would've attended to it in her free time.

right beside us is were calvin: lived as a border -- calvin coolidge lived as a border. he would've stood there watching grace in the flower garden. she caught a glimpse of him standing there watching her in his undershirt. he was watching her tend the rose garden. >> we are now in grace's bedroom. the part of the room below them was available for them to meet up. we are now in the parlor room of the dormitory that grace coolidge lived in. in this room is where calvin and grace, when they were courting, would meet up and be able to sit and talk and have some time together. despite him being in his 30's and her in her 20's, and they

had to abide by the rules of the school and needed to meet some meet somewhere where they could be chaperoned. >> plymouth notch is the birthplace and boyhood home of calvin coolidge. he was born in a little house attached to the back of the store that his father operated. when he was four, he moved across the road to the building we now know as the coolidge homestead. this was quite even back in the roaring 20s. -- quaint even back in the roaring 20s. she loved to watch and would go down -- walk and would go down to the cemetery, especially after her son calvin junior died. she did a lot of knitting and other types of handwork was you was here. she just enjoyed the country area.

she was a burlington girl, growth in the biggest town in vermont. when she was growing up her house had electricity and plumbing. when she came here, this is very much a country home. no electricity or plumbing in the house where she stayed with her husband. this is the kitchen. this is where they would've had breakfast and lunch and some suppers, too, i'm sure. there is no real dining room in the house. it is very simple. there was one running faucet in the kitchen and i was the only plumbing in the entire house. this is quite a contrast to a grace had been experiencing not only as a child growing up in burlington, which was kind of sophisticated at the time, as well as in the white house years when she had all of the modern luxuries. this is a two-hole privy. this is not what she was used

to. hearing all the reports about grace, she probably took this in good stride and regarded this as part of her experience with her husband. this is part of the bedroom set that grace and calvin used when they were here at the coolidge have instead -- homestead. it is a simple set of furniture. it is very typical of furniture circa 1870's or so. the rooms are small in this house and not the spacious rooms they were accustomed to at the white house, certainly. she was among the select group in the family sitting room that was witness to the swearing-in of calvin coolidge after all --

after harding died. we now know this room was the oath of office room. this is where the family gathered were president coolidge was administered the oath of office. all the furnishings in here are original. there gathered around the central table. the pen that was used to sign the documents, the lamp that with the scene, but the bible that was here but not official use in the swearing because that was not required by vermont law. grace would have stood about where i am now and there is a famous painting by arthur teller of the homestead inaugural. it shows the group gathered around and she is right next to calvin's side. >> let's head into the vault where we keep specific things about the coolidge family. grace coolidge's earlier life for her marriage to calvin coolidge as well as documents about her relationship with her family, specifically her sons

and grandchildren. grace is not only a loving wife, she was also a loving mother. we have some wonderful correspondence. in 1922 grace wrote to the head of an academy were both of her sons were. she writes, is there a way in which we can arrange for calvin junior to have a soft oiled egg for breakfast or a time without great inconvenience? he had had a minor surgery and grace was very worried about his health. the other letter we have is written by calvin junior. this is written in 1924. like many songs, -- sons, he talked about his schooling, his close, because he was growing out of them, and traveling back to d.c. to visit his mom and dad. here is an interesting side note obviously, he forgot to put

something in the letter. "send me some socks." it is sad because we see it at the last documented letter that we have before he suddenly passes away while in washington dc, less than a month later. shortly after his death, people wrote to the president and first lady in the white house sending their condolences. as was common at the time, grace and calvin egg knowledge their sympathies by sending letters in reply thanking them for their condolences and sympathy. these letters were always ordered in black as a way of showing a were in morning. mourning.re in we have quite a few of those letters in our collection. grace and calvin had two sons.

calvin junior was the younger. john coolidge did not die young and lived to an old age. we have a wonderful letter from john to his mother on her birthday. is a wonderful letter where it describes his love. dearest mother, just to let you know i am thinking of you on your birthday and loving you as no oil has ever loved his mother. -- boy has ever loved his mother. john and grace had a very close relationship. he never really said much about how the passing of his brother affected the family. he was very quiet on that. you can tell from the letters between john and grace until her passing -- there were letters many times a year and they were very, very close. whether that was increased by calvin junior's passing or not, there is no way of knowing although i would assume that is the case. >> i wish you both a very happy christmas and a bright and prosperous new year. >> it is a pleasure to greet you, mr. santa claus. and have you open the seals which begins on thanks giving day of this year.

>> would you mind autographing some of the christmas seals as a special favor for santa claus? >> why, i should be delighted. it is one of the things that i do best. it is a good thing you have, santa claus. >> my father, santa claus, give it to me. >> oh! it has some of the dog's hair in it. >> grown up a tomboy, first lady lou hoover got her fondness for the outdoors from her father. >> the father wanted a boy, which is why we think the name lou -- it is not sure for anything, it is actually lou -- as a result of that, he takes her out. she becomes a tomboy of the era.

she was had to go fish, shoot, camping. she is learning about the outdoors and loving it. this is a .22 rifle owned by lou. what i love about this is that you have this photograph. it is an early photograph of her on top of this mule looking pretty rough and tough there with a bunch of provisions. then she has this gun. very annie oakley to me. one of her most famous essays is "independent girl. the interesting thing is that she is talking about being someone independent and doing her own thing, but at the end, "sooner or later she will meet a spirit equally as independent as her own." then there is a clash of arms

and in mortal kombat or they will unite and take on the world." this is her diary from 1891- 1892. she is talking about her life. one of the things she talks about her loft is her botany classes and going out hiking. she really likes to be in the outdoors. she refers here -- mrs. palmer and i were a good match for climbing. we beat the others all to pieces. we found a lot of flowers. lizards and frogs. all these things that are just a lot of fun to be outside in the world. as part of that class, they are also drawings sketches of flowers. there are flowers and butterflies. different kinds of things. they had the latin name with

them as well. it would be something she had learned from her class. lou does not write about herself, necessarily. she writes about the experiences of her life. she is a highly educated woman at this time. both her mom and dad created a loose, open, here you go, if you would learn something we will encourage that and allow you to do that. she was able to do that and explore that as fully as she could. >> the first time mr. hoover came to rapid end camp, they came in on horseback on a horse trail and came up to the headwaters with at the river where there was 164 acres for sale sandwiched between two small streams. in those days it was five dollars an acre. for less than $1000 they purchased 164 beautiful acres here in the mountains.

she was instrumental in the design of this camp. it very much shows her love of nature and her simplicity, we what she enjoyed about being outdoors. it is all wrapped up into buildings that were opposite of what they had in other aspects of their lives. they were trying to create a retreat where they could relax and get back to nature. lou wanted the house to be as much outside as possible. she had it designed where the windows would open, the panels will float down -- fold down, screens would let the air in. she could smell the outdoors smells coming through right into her room. she did the inside but at the same time have a feeling of being outside. the sun porch was her office and it is a beautiful room with windows around again so the light can be natural all day long. in fact, there are not any

lights in their at all. no electric lights hanging from the ceiling. it is all natural sunlight coming in. she had a desk and there were she would spend hours writing letters. much of what we know about rapid end camp comes from the letters she wrote there. many of the guests would set out here. we have lots of pictures with the hoovers and guest sitting right here on this porch. mrs. hoover love to smell the smoke of a campfire and she wanted to have that smell in camp all day long. mrs. hoover wanted her gardens to be different than what she had the white house. she wanted them to be very informal. in fact, she is quoted as saying she wanted them to be a little bit wild-ish. she did not want formal beds. she wanted everything out there randomly. she wanted her paths to be lined with rock so you could find your

way but nothing very outstanding. she wanted it to blend in. the rock structure behind me is lou's fountain. it is a rustic fountain made out of rocks from the local area. this was a rock garden. his is what she referred to as a rockery. she emphasized rocks because that was her love of geology. >> we are at the lou henry hoover house here on the campus of stanford university. it is significant because this is the primary residence of the hoovers. this was known as family headquarters and it is significant as it relates to lou hoover because she was the one who designed it. she worked with several architects to come up with the plans and they gave her advice. she was the driving force behind the design of the house. it was something that impressed the architects that helped her with the formal blueprints and plans. she had such a strong grasp of design and how she wanted the

house to look even though she was not an architect. that was not her professional training. she was a geologist, but she had a very good sense of space and design, how she wanted the house to look. it was something that she intimately is involved in. -- was involved in. we're lucky to have a lot of the original documents and correspondence relating to the design and construction of the house. we are looking at the documentation related to the building and design of the lou henry hoover house. it is especially important because it shows how involved lou henry was in designing the house. here are some the earliest drawings we have from the design of the house. here we have some details about the cabinets they were going to be installing. a little footstool, here. some design details that were likely sketched by lou henry herself. a lot of lou henry's influence

came from hurt travels in the southwest of the united states. also from her travels in north africa out, which he traveled with herbert hoover, so there is definitely an influence of native cultures, non-american cultures, but also native american cultures influencing the architecture of the house. you can see here that there was an initial design for arches above the doorway. that was changed. there are definitely a lot of arches in the house, as well. what we have here are some floor plans of the house. they show details of the rooms. the living room, there, the terrace. you can see the rooms are designed in a way where they easily exit out into the outside, the outdoors. it is a great legacy of lou and

a's because she designed the house, she created it. it was inspired by her ideas. she had very close involvement in all aspects of the house's creation. >> i am very glad that as your honorary president, is my honor to receive the support of the -- girl scouts council. and so it is with great joy that i give to you the messages of

thanks from many groups. [indiscernible] >> encouraged by fdr, first lady eleanor roosevelt bought a residence to develop her own job ideas and later became her home after his death. >> let's go upstairs to where the bedrooms are located in we will climb a historically creaky staircase. this room here is her master bedroom. in this room, franklin roosevelt takes prime footage with the largest portrait in the room. mrs. roosevelt's that is somewhat interesting in its addiction and it shows how mrs. roosevelt referred her laundry to be delivered by household staff. folded and placed upon her bed. she would place it throughout the cottage. on close examination of the laundry, it reveals it is all monogrammed. we have mrs. roosevelt's monogram on the main towels. we also have nancy's monogram on some of the linens.

some of the linens are jointly monogrammed with the initials e.m.n. that was pretty consistent. when i look to this room, it just surprises me that a lady who was born into wealth, that married into wealth, and generated wealth in her lifetime would live in such a simple fashion. the bed is surely not an elaborate bed for a woman who was 5'11" tall. she had a simple lifestyle. it stands out. this is eleanor roosevelt's sleeping porch. it is a very important area here. this is where mrs. roosevelt would come in the evening at approximately 11:00 after saying good night to her guests. it was a private space for her. the little scottish terrier dog

that is so famous with and roosevelt story would accompany her to this area and spend the night here with her. this is where she would sit, do some last-minute letter writing, maybe some last-minute reading, and then retire for the evening. she referred to this area as being like a tree house since it is surrounded with glass, screened in areas. she can overlook her property, faulkhill creek, the stone outage, which was so important in the early years. this is her private space where she could get away at the cottage for a short while and be with herself.

when she fell in love with franklin roosevelt back in 1905 when they got married, they would move in with franklin's mother. she operated this estate since the year 1900, when sarah's elderly husband, mr. james roosevelt, had passed away. because this was sarah's home, she made the decisions here. she also handled the finances of the family and was most definitely the matriarch of the family. this is where the family gathered for the daily mail, the activity of the room in porton because it reflects the interaction of the family. sara roosevelt sat at the head of the table, franklin roosevelt at the upper end, and eleanor roosevelt would find whichever seat was comfortable for her. she did not have an assigned a seat at this table. this is the bedroom that franklin and eleanor shared as adults.

up until 1918, when infidelity was discovered within the marriage. from that point on, mrs. roosevelt insisted on not sharing the same bed with franklin roosevelt. at that time, mrs. roosevelt chose a bad room right next to this room, and it has a doorway coming right in. this was an area where she could be by herself. it was a bit of a private space. the furniture in this room was used by mrs. roosevelt, one of the few areas where she could get privacy. when they were both here, it was a given they would vote here in the big house. if for some reason franklin was not at hyde park, mrs. roosevelt here on her own was spent her time a couple short miles away from the site. in this direction we have the entrance to sara delano

roosevelt's room, sandwiched between sarah and her husband franklin, the same as in their lifetime she was sandwiched between franklin and his mother, sarah. the involvement of mrs. roosevelt in the political career of franklin roosevelt is right from the beginning. but she becomes much more active in her role after 1921, when franklin roosevelt contracted polio. she would encourage franklin roosevelt to continue with his political ambitions and she would join forces with political strategist. this was the room where their strategies were laid out. it was important because lewis howell and mrs. roosevelt did not have a real close relationship until the polio came into the story. lewis howell was with franklin roosevelt since 1910, when he

started his political career. they would encourage franklin, in a sense against the wishes of franklin's mother, sarah. sarah felt as franklin contracted polio, thinking of the resources of the family, that franklin could very easily live his life out here at springwood in the role of the gentleman estate keeper. mrs. roosevelt and howell would encourage just the opposite and motivate franklin. louis howe would be a big influence because he would tutor mrs. roosevelt and her public speaking and teach her how to put emphasis on certain words, how to control her very interesting voice that sometimes went high-pitched. soon, mrs. roosevelt would be comfortable with her public speaking and realize the power of that ability. some i think it was a self- serving of mrs. roosevelt, because when you think of the

gentleman estate keeper, his wife would also be confined to the estate. by franklin roosevelt pursuing his political ambitions, mrs. roosevelt would enjoy a certain freedom. her tutoring relative to our public speaking was very important because very shy eleanor roosevelt was a little intimidated by public speaking. she was suddenly realize she had the ability to conquer that fear through the tutoring and she would realize the power of public speaking. and in this case, the power was that it kept franklin roosevelt's image alive to the american public until he addresses the democratic convention in 1924. >> good evening, ladies and gentlemen. i'm speaking to you tonight at a very serious moment in our history. the cabinet is convening and the leaders of congress are meeting

with the president. the state department and army and navy officials have been with the president all afternoon. the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the very time that japan's airships were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines, sinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to hawaii. by tomorrow morning, the members of congress will have a full report and be ready for action. in the meantime, we the people are already prepared for action. for months now, the knowledge that something of this kind might happen has been hanging over our heads. yet it seemed impossible to believe, impossible to drop the everyday things, and not preparing to meet an enemy in a matter where he strikes. that is well over now. there is no more uncertainty. we know what we have to face and we know that we are ready to face it.

>> as a young woman growing up in missouri, first lady bess truman would often be paid a visit by her neighbors relative, harry truman. >> when my grandfather visited independence, 26 miles from where he lived at the time in grandview in 1910, he often stayed across the street at the nolan house, which is where his aunt and two cousins lived. one afternoon he was over there with his cousins, with the family, and his aunt brought a cake plate. that my great-grandmother, madge wallace, had given her a cake. mrs. nolan had cleaned the cake plate and was asking if anybody would take it back over. and my grandfather moved with what my mother once described as approaching the speed of light and grabbed the cake plate and moved over here, rang the front door in the hope, of course, that my grandmother would answer the door. and she did. and she invited him in, and that is the beginning of their formal

courtship in 1910. they first met in sunday school, when my grandmother was five and my grandfather was six. they were baptists. my grandfather's family was baptists, but the first presbyterian church demonstrate had a good sunday school, and that is what my great- grandmother was interested in, a good sunday school. so she took grandpa over there one day to talk to the reverend. as she was talking, sunday school was in session. as she was talking to the reverend, my grandfather noticed this little girl sitting in sunday school class with what he described beautiful blue eyes and long golden curls. he sort of fell in love with her right then and there. as far as i know, as far as anybody knows, never look at another woman. we are on the back porch of my

grandparents' home in independence, missouri. this is the way the family came in, through the kitchen door. came into the kitchen. the first place i always headed was back here to the pantry. and i don't see the tin, but there was always a tin in here on one of the shelves of nice round tin filled with brownies. i was made sure that was in here before i went anywhere else in the house. once i made sure the brownies were in the tin, the next stop had to be my grandfather's study. because whenever you came into the house, he did not meet us at the airport when he got older, but when she came into the house, you had to stop here and say hi to grandpa. this is where you found him most of the time as he was getting older and i was getting older. if i wanted to talk to grandpa, this is where i looked because he was always reading. my grandmother and my mother sat in those chairs and often read in here with him. apparently my grandmother and

mother always used to start fights where my grandfather would read down to the end of the page, mark is place with his finger, and look up and tried to decide if the fight was escalating to the point where he had to get out of the room. if everything was ok, he would read down to the next page. sometimes he left, sometimes he stayed. this is the formal dining room. this is where we ate the evening meal every day. we had breakfast in the kitchen, a sandwich or something for lunch, but this is where we ate all formal dinner meals. my grandmother sat at that end of the table is where she sat. closest to the kitchen, i think. so if we go through here, in the center of the house, in the foyer, you'll notice that the biggest portrait in the house is that of my late mother, margaret truman daniel. she was their only child, only

conceived after my grandmother suffered two miscarriages. my grandmother was 39 when she was born, so she was very precious to my grandparents and they were very close as a family unit. my grandfather kind of spoiled her. i grandmother was more of the disciplinarian. the three of them were very, very tight as a family. because she was their only child. and if we go through this way, we are in the living room. this chair is where my grandmother later in her life, this is where she did her reading. after my grandfather passed away, this is often where my grandmother sat. she read a murder mysteries. she loved murder mysteries. she had stacks of them on either side of the chair. she would have a stack on the side, that she had not read yet, and she had an out stack. it would be donated or put on the shelf after she read them,

but this is where she spent a lot of her time. she gave a lot of those cast-off murder mysteries to my mother, who do the same thing, reading with stacks on either side of the chair, and mom, of course, eventually became a mystery writer. this painting was originally painted as my grandmother's official white house portrait. in the 1960s, lady bird johnson went looking for portraits of first ladies to hang, re-hang in the white house. she thought that was important. she looked high and low and cannot find my grandmother's official portrait. so she called my grandmother and said, mrs. truman, do you know where the painting is, what can i find it. the grandmother said, yeah, it's on my wall. mrs. johnson said, you really should not have that, it belongs in the white house. my grandmother said, no, that is my painting, it is on my wall, and that is where it is going to stay. i think mrs. johnson tried a couple of more times but eventually gave up. there were two copies made by the artists.

one of them hangs in the truman library down the road, the other is in the white house, but those are the copies. this is the original portrait. >> first lady mamie eisenhower's sense of style got her noticed by the fashion world. >> she often worked with one of her favorite designers for her suits and day wear outfits. this is the outfit that she wore to the formal opening of the saint lawrence seaway, where she and ike met queen elizabeth and prince philip. this is a printed cotton fabric with many of the houses the eisenhowers lived in during their marriage. it also includes the five-star symbol. these are a few examples of mamie's day dresses. she was very fond of the color pink. many of the dresses are sleeveless.

she said her arms were ike's favorite feature, so she chose to show them off. this is a handmade rest that shows her attention to budget. this has an exceptionally long hem that she would raise and lower. jackie kennedy is well known for the little black dress. here are two examples of mamie's little black dress. mamie always said that she would never dress like a little old lady. these gowns show her love of bright colors and wild fabrics. like any high-fashion lady of the day, she loved hats. this is a small sampling of some in the collection. one of her favorite is honors with sally victor. no one outfit is complete without a fabulous pair of shoes. nobody knew that better than mamie. her love of fashion to not begin in the white house. this dress and undergarment from the mid-1920s shows her love of fashion.

she was about 30 years old, too old to be considered a flapper, but still stylish for the day. let's look at some of the exhibits that focus on her style. mamie is well-known for her trademark hairstyle. you could even purchase fake bangs to put into your hair at all of the drugstores in the 1950s. she would regularly go to the elizabeth arden salons. elizabeth arden had one of her hair stylists create the drawing so that she could take them with her so she had to go to another stylist, her hair would always be perfect. unlike ike who grew up in a poor family of all sons, she was from a well-to-do family of all daughters. she attended a finishing school and we have her report card from the school in denver, colorado. while she got a b in english, she actually got a c-minus in european history and a c in french.

who knew that in later years as a military wife and future first lady that she would be so well traveled and have so much to do with european history. we actually have a special passport issued to mamie. in 1945. this is when she could go join her husband ike when he was the first military commander of the u.s. occupied germany at the end of world war ii. while in germany, she actually purchased this sterling silver pin. mamie renewed her passport one more time a few years later to travel with ike. we have her inoculation card. this is from 1951, when he was commander of the naval forces, stationed in france. mamie loved charms. early on, ike bought her this west point football charm showing the army and navy game

scores in 1913 and 1914 when ike was coach of the army football team. this calvary-themed sterling silver pendant was purchased by ike for mamie when he was stationed in the philippines working for general macarthur. mamie could not always travel with ike, but she was often on his mind. these bangles were purchased in north africa in 1943 during operation torch in the invasion of north africa during world war ii. as first lady, her military connections continued. as she christened the uss nautilus in 1954, the nautilus was the first nuclear-powered naval vessel and the silver sleeve of the champagne bottle that she smashed against the hull. as a military wife, she took great pride in creating a home in each of the 36 places they lived during their marriage. as a young girl, mamie was diagnosed with a heart

conditions. in later years, she was ordered to stay in bed three days a week. that was a little much for her, so she compromised and stayed in bed every day until noon. she was a busy lady. she would get up in the morning, do her hair, put on her makeup, then wear a lovely bed jacket and lay back in bed. while wearing the bed jackets, she would often meet with her secretary to plan the day. as first lady, she ran the white house with military precision. her schedules were often blocked out in five minute permits per day. we have schedules from every year that mamie was first lady. on the schedule, we see not only did she have a diplomatic dinner, but the next morning she was cutting the ribbon at the national presbyterian church bazaar. some of the things that she would discuss with her social

secretary were of a personal nature. here she is shopping for christmas gifts for their grandchildren and notes to buy this doll for her granddaughter, susan. she was always good with figures and would keep notes say she would not go over budget. >> having a keen sense of fashion, jacqueline kennedy was admired for her clothing ensembles. >> mrs. kennedy is known as a style icon. the first ensemble that she wore as first lady, of course, was on inauguration day. this grayish color dress and coat designed by oleg cassini. the only thing that she wore to adorn the ensemble was a beautiful ruby brooch by tiffany that jfk gave her to celebrate

the birth of john junior, right after the swearing in. and of course most famously finishing the ensemble was the poll box hat. she wore that on the back of her head so her face could be seen. that actually set a fashion trend. whereas the hat would normally be worn on the top of the head, she had a pushed back to sort of free her face. displayed here at its storage boxes perhaps one of mrs. kennedy's best-known dresses, the dress that she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february 1962. visitors to our museum when we have this dress on exhibit are quite surprised to realize it is red, because of course the program was filmed in black-and- white and broadcast in black and white. but i like to surmise that she

chose red for that program, knowing it would be televised on valentine's day 1962. let's go into the museum and look at other examples of jacqueline kennedy's clothing we have on display. mrs. kennedy put an awful lot of thought into her wardrobe when she was representing the country, both at the white house and while traveling abroad. she would think about what colors would mean something to the country i'm about to visit. so for her visit to canada in 1961, actually the first state visit the kennedys made as president and first lady lady, she chose this red suit by pierre cardin, also knowing that she would be greeted by the canadian royal mounted police. here we have a green coat and hat worn by the first lady lady for her arrival in bogotá colombia in december 1961.

the president and first lady traveled through south america on that visit, greeted by hundreds of thousands of people, overwhelming response. particularly when mrs. kennedy would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that mrs. kennedy put into her wardrobe. she would think about the event she was attending or the country she was visiting. was there a style or particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her hosts, and she also knew the advantage of choosing a color or style that would make her stand out in a crowd. in her oral history, mrs. kennedy speaks at greatly about president kennedy's love of reading, love of history, his belief in the power of words. and that is something, that is a belief they both shared. what i like about this story here is it shows -- it is an

example of that belief in the power of words. it's a great example of the collaboration between husband and wife. this is very early in his presidential campaign, late 1959. in those early days, mrs. kennedy traveled with him on the campaign trail as much as possible. this is a reading copy of a speech he presented in washington state in june of 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner. president kennedy obviously had a speech writer, but he would often rewrite and edit his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it. at this particular dinner, as he was waiting to speak, he wanted to close his speech with some verses from "ulysses." so he actually asked mrs. kennedy, give me the last lines from "ulysses." and the following in her hand is the rest of the poem which she

knew from memory giving him the words. from a young age, jacquelyn love to write. she would often create poems as gifts to her parents. on christmas and birthdays, she would write a poem and illustrate it. we have some early examples when she was about 10 years old. while at school in connecticut where she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called "be kind and do your share." "be kind and do your share, that is all there is to it." and she goes on about helping others in life is so important and how it is easy to just say a kind word to somebody, all the difference it can make to that person. this scrapbook is called "one special summer." after graduating from school, jackie's parents, her mother and stepfather, sent jackie and her sister on summer through europe.

as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated together on this scrapbook to give to the parents to let them know about their inventors. it is a combination of snapshots they took, and written descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. these really wonderful, whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jacqueline entered "vogue" writing contest. here we have her hand written application as a student from george washington university. she won the contest. her winning essays, one was a self-portrait where i think she wonderfully describes herself as tall, 5'7", with brown hair, square face and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made with a bridge

wide enough to fit over my nose. as an example, i think of her love of writing, the power of words, she is asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history that you wish you would have known? the first two that she mentions are charles baudelaire, the french poet, and oscar wilde, the author, in addition to a russian ballet impresario. in the early 1950s, jacqueline bouvier was hired as the camera girl for "the washington times herald." on display at the camera that she used as she went through the streets of washington, interviewing people, asking questions, creating columns. one column we have on display is prophetic because she is interviewing vice president nixon and senator john f. kennedy, who of course would be adversaries in the 1960 presidential campaign.

i think all of these examples of her early writings -- and she did write through her life -- but i think if her life had been may be somewhat different, she would have been a writer of some kind may be professionally. as we know when her later life, the last part of her life she was a very prolific editor of books in new york city on books of several different topics. >> first lady lady bird johnson enjoyed the time she and the president could spend at their ranch resting and relaxing. >> the living room is the oldest room in the house, dating back to the 1890s. she would refer to this as our heart home. have a few things that speak to her connection to the room. one of the things that she wanted to highlight was the native american heritage in the hill country. have a small collection of arrowheads. mrs. johnson actually had her daughters, linda and lucy, look for arrowheads, and mrs. johnson would pay them one dollar each for each arrowhead.

linda was doing quite a bit better collecting them, and it turns out she was paying her schoolmates $.50 per arrowhead, then collecting a dollar from her mother. she had an eye for copper and collected various items. one of the things that draws attention, three television sets. at that time, the three major networks would all show the news at the same time. the president would turn down the volume on the television set he did not want to watch. mrs. johnson's favorite program was "gunsmoke" and she routinely altered her schedule so she could catch an episode of her favorite western. shortly after lyndon johnson became president, the ranch was called the texas white house and life at the ranch revolved around the home. the johnsons returned home 74 times during his five years as president. mrs. johnson as first lady love to show off the texas hill country and her home.

guests would often informally gather in the den and various heads of state came to visit. the president of mexico, the west german chancellor and the israeli prime minister to name a few. they would visit with the johnsons right here in the den. the dining room was a special place for lady bird johnson, where she entertained, she picked out the wallpaper depicting a country seen very similar to the hill country. very similar to what she would have seen out of her picture window that she had installed at her request. mrs. johnson gave a tour of the house in 1968 that was filmed, where she featured the china uc purchased here in mexico. the president would sit down at this end of the table, where we have the cowhide chair. typically, mrs. johnson at the other end of the table. one feature that you will notice next to the president, a telephone. president johnson loved working

the telephones, and in the middle of a meal could make a call or answer a call. mrs. johnson was not necessarily happy with that but she got used to it because lyndon johnson was such a workaholic. as first lady she spent a lot of time at the ranch. it is very important because it was a respite from all of the turmoil of washington, particularly later in the presidency where they could recharge and make the connection back with the land and this place they valued so much. this is mrs. johnson's private bedroom. it was part of the 1960 seven remodeling. she specified to the designers she wanted this to be her forever room. she specified certain elements that she wanted, a fireplace, east facing windows, and a large bookcase to display so many mementos and keepsakes she gathered through the years, the birds, the china, and also cameras. lyndon johnson gave mrs. johnson a camera for her wedding gift.

she became quite the photojournalist. she had an eight millimeter camera to capture home movies. we have hours and hours, as well as the recorder where mrs. johnson every night at the white house would record her daily observations. this became the basis for the book "a white house diary" a very insightful commentary of the tumultuous years of the 1960s. also in the space we have all of the former -- formalwear, a lot of colorful outfits, shoes. favorites, the straw

hat with the bluebonnets. and then the importance of family. those matters so much to her. to her children and grandchildren, she was known as mimi. lady bird johnson had a great sense of history. i had the fortune to meet lady bird johnson while working at the harry s truman historical site. see how the truman story was being interpreted, knowing one day her story would be told at the ranch. >> we are at the lbj library. i was her social secretary from 1976 until 1990. a typical day would the her coming at about 9:00. she would come in with a straw

bag in each hand, filled with some of the things you see on her desk. she had taken them home for signing or speechwriting, event planning, whatever she was working on. she would always say when she came into the office she felt burrobe ro -- felt like a . her desk was always orderly. she had her calendar that she would work, her daybook. she kept files on heard desk while she was working on. trips she was taking. she was on the board of one of the banks, national geographic, the smithsonian. she would keep them in large envelopes with the titles and dates so she could act them out, work on them, and post everything back in them. as she worked on her desk with letters she was processing, which he completed things, she would put them on the floor. stayed in the office most of

the day making phone calls are working on projects that she loved so much. she loved this office because she could look out at her all mum on her and over to the capital, the city that she loved so much. she would stay here all day. that was pretty much monday through friday. when we were having guests at the ranch, she would sometimes go out a few days early and stand a different guest rooms to check on the water and the light, the electricity, to be sure everything was working, the tv's in the different room. we would also make a stop to the that to pick up magazines were guest specific for whoever was coming to the ranch for the weekend. very thoughtful, very meticulous, very gracious about that. we had three office staff at the time. we had the person who handled her calendar, a person who came from the white house as her press secretary that helped her

work on speeches, and then i was in the office. that chair was usually occupied by one of us a good part of the day. as we rotated doing project she was working on. by friday afternoon, she was ready to leave and go to the ranch, which she called home. about 3:30 in the afternoon she would say, do i have anything else to do? if the answer was no, she would say, tell the secret service i'm ready to go. woulduld get up and we pack the saddlebags and she would take off and head out to the ranch. i was so fortunate to be here and learn so much from her. the way she did things, the way she entertained. i liked the way she entertained. i think that's one reason we did so well together. i love her sense of making people feel at home. she was so good at it. >> growing up in a small farm in california, first lady pat nixon learned the values from an early

age. >> she spent a lot of time working at the farm. there is an account of 1941. she kept the books. she was 19 years old when this was happening, and she talks about how it was a year ago january, so this shows you how difficult it was to make a living. she barely made and me. she took on a lot of jobs. she was a personal shopper. she became a model, and she got on the lease for paramount actors to be an extra in films.

jumping from job to job, she had a thing from 1935. you can see her dancing in the film, but her speaking role was cut out. this shows her name and the restrictions one had to go through. eventually she had enough money to obtain her degree. she became a teacher. >> mrs. nixon is one of the most widely traveled first ladies in our countries history. this was her diplomatic passport used during her time of first lady. the passport is full of stamps relating to the different nations they visited.

mrs. nixon wanted to go out into the field and see people. she wanted to see what she could do to help. these tags were used on her second to last trip as first lady. this was the first time a president and first lady had ever been to israel. these tags were on mrs. nixon's personal luggage. let's see some of the things during her travels for as first lady. >> we have a lot of samples of gift given to her. this is something given to her in 1969 from the belgian kingdom.

this was made out of rubies and diamonds. this was given to mrs. nixon by the prime minister of italy back in 1970. during her historic trip to china, her historic -- her extensive travels took her to the beijing zoo, then known as the peking zoo. she learned about the pandas. and she noticed how she was looking at the packages, and he said, i understand you also admire the pandas at the zoo. she said, aren't they darling. he said, we will make sure you have some pandas to go home with.

there were two of them. one of them was transported in this great. he obviously said, but her on. it was important to support her husband just by being there. they would always say what a wonderful job pat nixon did. >> this is a special place. >> her casket was placed right up here. the nixon family sat right here and on the other side presidents reagan and ford. this was a special place, in

particular because mrs. nixon was instrumental for the grand opening of the nixon library. she loved her roses. this is the pat nixon rose, and developed by a french designer. it is the only road is continuing to grow off the white house. this is the final resting place, only steps away from the humble farmhouse. there is a brief story behind the epitaph, which she chose herself. it dates back to the trip to peru she took in 1970. she wanted to meet the people affected by this devastating earthquake.

she wanted to find out what she could do to help. she replied even when people cannot speak your language they can tell if you have love in your heart. >> first lady betty ford wanted to elevate fashion design in america. >> she wanted to promote american fashion. this was a gown she wore to her first head of state even. it was designed by a lady named

frankie welsch who had a boutique in alexandria, virginia. this she wore for her official portrait as first lady. this is a dress some people might recognize. she wore this gown for a portrait taken of the family and featured on the cover of time magazine, but she also liked practical design as well. a fellow from new york designed a number of dresses and gowns for her, very practical, inexpensive, but for her very functional. she would wear these outfits to arrival ceremonies for

dignitaries but also to the hairdresser, to church, on trips, campaign event. they were the ones she could get most comfortable in. this was a piece she wore for a 60 minutes interview. she fielded many questions. we know a lot of this because one of the things mrs. ford was very careful about was she cap what we call secretaries cards for each of these dresses. they would be no notations made on where she wore them, when she wore them, and you could see for many of them she wore them multiple times. the month this is in the handwriting of her secretary. some of them is in her handwriting. many of these extend into her post first lady time.

she would wear these until the early 1980's. her love for design, her promotion of american fashion led to her receiving the prestigious parsons school of design award. this is the accolade she received for her promotion of american designers in fashion. betty ford, then betty bloomer, knew she wanted to do something with it. she was fascinated. she went to different camps. this was her trunk she would take to wisconsin, where she put on skits and plays, danced with friends, and that led to vermont, where she studied at the school of dance.

these are some of her notecards where she kept notes, so each of these is dedicated to a different subject. you would find names of her teachers and the notes she took about the different things she was studying, much of it about choreography. some of them have dance figures she has drawn with diagrams that show how the stage is supposed to be organized. other material includes her record albums, and she collected music and collected popular tunes from the time, and these are some of the records he would find in her record album.

i'm a big girl now. she shared her dorm room with a number of girls, so she had to leave notes. mrs. ford was an organized person. please put these back in the same folder. thank you. it is very important. this is her organizer. she carried this with her to vermont, off to new york, where she worked for the powers modeling agency, then back to grand rapids again, so in it you would find a host of things you would find in just about any organizer. names of different dance troops and telephone numbers, dance competition notes, and her class.

there are brochures, dance costumes. a costume for one of the dance routines she wanted to put on. here are choreography notes she wanted to make for the dance routine. this talks about her love of dance and how deeply she was involved in her early years. vice president ford was sworn in as president of the united states. this was the dress mrs. ford was wearing during swearing-in. she was less than excited about becoming first lady. she resolved, if i'm going to have to do this, i'm going to have fun doing it. the fun started almost immediately. she had a state dinner, and it was something she had to prepare

for. she hit the ground running. she had a number of opportunities because president ford's administration overlapped the bicentennial. some of the events were held during that year. this one is for the may 17, 1976 event, but there were a number of notable people who came to the white house, and among them this was a letter received from japan in appreciation for hosting him in 1975. the first time the emperor had ever left japan. here are some of the invitations

and dinner invitations from the biggest event, and that is when we hosted queen elizabeth in july of 1976. this was a gift the queen of england presented to mrs. ford. it is a gilded soup terrine. on its face is a hand-painted image of the white house, and it was the official gift of great britain to the united states celebrating the 200th anniversary of the united states and she wrote a nice letter thanking them for their hospitality and for the friendship they extended to the queen and the people of england.

in this letter, the queen writes, it was the greatest pleasure for us to be able to join in. we send good wishes to you and mrs. ford. your friend, elizabeth. >> born and raised in a small southern town, first lady roslyn carter also raised her family there and helped run the family business. >> not much has changed here except the president and mrs. carter grew up here. if we went back here, and put a dirt road, it would be very similar. the story begins here at this house. she lived here with her mom and dad, two brothers, and a sister. one of her favorite memories was when her dad would come home from work, go into the kitchen, and meet her mother, give her a big hug, swing her around. ..