out in five minute increments per day. we have schedules from every year that mamie was first lady. on the schedule, we see not only did she have a diplomatic dinner, but the next morning she was cutting the ribbon at the national presbyterian church bazaar. some of the things that she some of the things that she would discuss with her social secretary were of a personal nature. here she is shopping for christmas gifts for their grandchildren and notes to buy this doll for her granddaughter, susan. she was always good with figures so she wouldn't go overbudget even shopping for family budgets. >> having a keen sense of fashion, jacqueline kennedy was admired for her clothing ensembles. >> mrs. kennedy is known as a tyle icon. admiration of her fashion sense. the first ensemble that she wore as first lady, of course, was on inauguration day. this grayish color dress and

coat designed by oleg cassini. i think it is a wonderful example of her simple elegance. that a became very, very popular. the only thing that she wore to adorn the ensemble was a beautiful ruby brooch by tiffany that j.f.k. gave her to celebrate the birth of john junior, right after the swearing in. and of course most famously finishing the ensemble was the hill-box hat. she wore that on the back of her head so her face could be seen. that actually set a fashion trend. whereas the hat would normally be worn on the top of the head, she had a pushed back to sort of frame her face. displayed here at its storage box is perhaps one of mrs. kennedy's best-known dresses,

the dress that she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february 1962. visitors to the museum when we have this dress on exhibit are quite surprised to realize it is red, because of course the program was filmed in black-and-white and broadcast in black and white. but i like to surmise that she chose red for that program, knowing it would be televised on valentine's day 1962. let's go into the museum and look at other examples of jacqueline kennedy's clothing we have on display. mrs. kennedy put an awful lot of thought into her wardrobe when she was representing the country, both at the white house and while traveling abroad. she would think about what colors would mean something to the country i'm about to visit. so for her visit to canada in 1961, actually the first state visit the kennedys made as president and first lady, she chose this red suit by pierre

cardin as a gesture of respect for the red of the canadian maple leaf and knowing that she would be greeted by the royal canadian mounted police who ery famously wear red. here we have a green coat and hat worn by the first lady for her arrival in bogotá colombia in december 1961. the president and first lady traveled through south america on that visit, greeted by hundreds of thousands of people, overwhelming response. particularly when mrs. kennedy would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that mrs. kennedy put into her wardrobe. she would think about the event she was attending or the country she was visiting. was there a style or particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her hosts, and she also knew the advantage of choosing a color or style that would make her stand out in a crowd. in her oral history, mrs. kennedy speaks at greatly about president kennedy's love of

reading, love of history, his belief in the power of words. and that is something, that is believe they both shared. what i like about this story here is it shows -- it is an example of that belief in the power of words and it's a great example of the collaboration between husband and wife. this is very early in his presidential campaign, late 1959. in those early days, mrs. kennedy traveled with him on the campaign trail as much as possible. this is a reading copy of a speech he presented in washington state in june of 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner. president kennedy obviously had a speech writer, but he would often rewrite and edit his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it. at this particular dinner, as he was waiting to speak, he anted to close his speech with

some verses from "ulysses." so we actually asked mrs. kennedy, give me the last lines rom "ulysses." come my friends. and the following in her hand is the rest of the poem which she knew from memory, giving him the words. so he can close his speech with those words. from a young age, jacquelyn loved to write. she would often create poems as gifts to her parents. on christmas and birthdays she would write poems and illustrate it. we have some early examples when she was about 10 years old. while at school in connecticut where she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called "be kind and do your share." she says, be kind and do your share. that's all there is to it. and she goes on about helping

others in life is so important and how it is easy to just say a kind word to somebody, all the difference it can make to that person. this scrapbook is called "one special summer." after graduating from school, jackie's parents, her mother and stepfather, sent jackie and her sister on summer through europe. as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated ogether on this scrapbook to give to their parents to let them know what their adventures were. it is a combination of snapshots they took, and written descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. these really wonderful, whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jacqueline entered "vogue" writing contest. here we have her hand written application as a student from george washington

university. she won the contest. her two winning essays, one was actually a self-portrait where i think she's wonderfully describes herself as tall, 5'7", with brown hair, square face and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made with a bridge wide enough to fit over my nose. as an example, i think of her love of writing, the power of words, she is asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history that you wish you would have known? the first two that she mentions are charles baudelaire, the french poet, and oscar wilde, the author, in edition to a russian ballet impresario. in the early 1950's, jacklin bouvier was hired as the camera irl for "the camera girl for "washington times herald." on display at the camera that

she used as she went through the streets of washington, interviewing people, asking questions, creating columns. one column we have on display is prophetic because she is interviewing vice president nixon and senator john f. kennedy, who of course would be dversaries in the 1960 presidential campaign. i think all of these examples of her early writings -- and she did did write throughout her life, but i think if her life had been may be somewhat different, she would have been a writer of some kind may be professionally. as we know when her later life, the last part of her life she was a very prolific editor of books in new york city on books of several different opics. >> first lady lady bird johnson enjoyed the time she and the president could spend at their ranch resting and relaxing. >> the living room is the oldest room in the house, dating back to the 1890's. she would refer to this as our

heart home. have a few things that speak to her connection to the room. one of the things that she wanted to highlight was the native american heritage in the ill country. we do have a small collection of arrowheads. mrs. johnson actually had her daughters, linda and lucy, look for arrowheads, and mrs. johnson would pay them one dollar each for each arrowhead. linda was doing quite a bit better collecting them, and it turns out she was paying her schoolmates $.50 per arrowhead, then collecting a dollar from her mother. she had an eye for copper and collected various items. one of the things that draws attention, three television sets. the president loved to watch the news and at that time, the three major networks would all show the news at the same time. the president would turn down the volume on the television set he did not want to watch. mrs. johnson's favorite program was "gunsmoke" and she routinely altered their schedule so she could catch an episode of her favorite western.

shortly after lyndon johnson became president, the ranch was called the texas white house and life at the ranch revolved around the home. to show you the importance of the ranch in the home, the johnsons returned home 74 times during his five years as president. mrs. johnson as first lady love to show off the texas hill country and her home. guests would often informally gather in the den and various heads of state came to visit. the president of mexico, the west german chancellor and the israeli prime minister to name a few. they would visit with the johnsons right here in the den. the dining room was a special place for lady bird johnson, where she entertained, she picked out the wallpaper depicting a country scene very similar to the hill country. very similar to what she would have seen out of her picture window that she had installed at her request. mrs. johnson gave a tour of the house in 1968 that was filmed, where she featured the china

that you can see, purchased in mexico. very colorful. the president would sit down at this end of the table, where we have the cowhide chair. typical mrs. johnson at the other end of the table. one feature that you will notice next to the president, a telephone. president johnson loved working the telephones, and in the middle of a meal could take a call or answer a call. mrs. johnson was not necessarily happy with that but she got used to it because lyndon johnson was such a workaholic. as first lady she spent a lot of time at the ranch. it is very important because it was a respite from all of the turmoil of washington, particularly later in the presidency where they could recharge and make the connection back with the land and this place they valued so much. this is mrs. johnson's private bedroom. it was part of the 1967 remodeling. she specified to the designers she wanted this to be her forever room. she specified certain elements

that she wanted, a fireplace, east facing windows, and a large bookcase to display so many mementos and keepsake she gathered through the years, the birds, the china, and also cameras. lyndon johnson gave mrs. johnson a camera for her wedding gift. she became quite the photo journalist. she had an eight millimeter camera to capture home movies. we have hours and hours, as well as the recorder where mrs. johnson every night at the white house would record her daily observations. this became the basis for the book "the white house diary" a very insightful chronicling of those tumultuous years of the 1960's. in her later years, she kept up with her correspondence here at this desk. we also have mrs. johnson's closet with all of her lothing.

her formal wear a. with the the ranch clothing, boots, hats, her colorful outfits. one of my favorites, her straw hat with the bluebonnets ainted on top. and then her private bathroom which is very reflective of family with all a of the photographs of those who mattered so much to her. and to her grandchildren and great-grandchildren she was known as mimi, a very, very special person in their lives. lady bird johnson had a great sense of history. and during her years in washington, she would often be a tour guide. for texans who bent to the nation's capitol. i had a chance to meet her while working at the harry s truman worksite and i was very impressed that she wanted to see how the truman story was being interpreted knowing that her story would one day be told

here at the l.b.j. ranch. >> we are in a private office of mrs. lyndon johnson at the lbj library. i worked as her social secretary from 1976 to 1990. a typical day would be her coming in in the morning probably around 9:00. she would have each hand filled with some of these things on er desk. that she had taken home for signing or speech writing or event planning, whatever she was working on. he said she felt like a little burro. and she would come in and get to work and her desk was always very orderly. he kept files on her desk, files she was working on. trips she was taking. she was on the board of one of the banks, national geographic, the smithsonian, she would keep

large envelopes with the title and date on them. and she worked on her desk with letters that she was processing. when she completed things, she would put them on the floor. she stayed at the office most of the day. making phone calls and working on projects that she loved so much. she loved this office because she could look out on her alma mater. and then through to the capitol in this city that she loved so much. she would stay here all day, and that was pretty much monday through friday. when we were having guests at the ranch, she would sometimes go out a few days early and stay in the different guest ooms to check on the water and the lights and electricity to make sure everything would turn on in the different rooms. and we would make a stop out to the ranch to pick up magazines

that were guest specific, for whoever was coming for the weekend. very thoughtful, meticulous, and gracious. we had three office staff at the time. we had a person who handled her calendar. we had a person who came from the white house as her press secretary, who helped her work on speeches. and then i was in the office. that chair was usually occupied by one of us a good part of the day. as we rotated in projects she was working on. by friday afternoon, she was ready to leave and go to the ranch, which she really called home. about 3:30 p.m. in the afternoon, she would say, do i have anything else to do? and if the answer was no, she'd say rges tell the secret service i'm ready to go. she would pack those saddlebags up and take off and head off to the ranch for the weekend am a to be back here on monday morning. i was so fortunate to be here, and i learned so much from her in the way that she did things, in a way that she entertained.

and i liked the way she entertained. i think that is one reason we did so well together. i really loved her sense of making people feel at home. she was so, so good at it. > growing up on a small farm in southern california, first lady pat nixon learned the value of a strong work ethic at an early age. >> mrs. nixon had very humble beginnings. she spent a lot of time working at the farm. she has an account from 1941, -- 1931, she kept the books. she was 19 years old when this was happening. she talks about how total deposits, none made just a year ago, january. it shows you how difficult it is to make ends meet. as a teenager in the depression, mrs. nixon took on a lot of jobs, from becoming a

pharmacist and x-ray technician, to a personal shopper. she became a model. and she also did call casting. she actually got on the list rom paramount pictures to be an extra in films. she also as part of this whole -- jumping from job to job -- she also had a speaking role in a film called "vicki sharp" from 1955. -- 1935. you can see her dancing in the ilm, but her speaking role was cut out. this stage past shows her name and the restrictions one had to o through. eventually, she had enough money to attain her degree from the university of southern california and she became a teacher. >> mrs. nixon was one of the most widely traveled first ladies in our countries history.

this is her diplomatic passport that was used during her time at second lady. you can see here, the hotos. the passport is filled with stamps relating to the nations they visited. 53 in total from 1953 to 1961. mrs. nixon really wanted to go out into the field and see the people. she wanted to work with them, see what she could do to help. she wanted to go to hospitals and orphanages. when she went to panama she even visited a leper colony. these tags were used by mrs. nixon on her second to last rip as first lady. she visited australia egypt, saudi arabia, israel, and jordan. it was the first time a first lady had ever been to srael. let's go into the museum and see some of the items on display related to mrs. nixon's travels relating to first lady.

>> here in the museum, we have examples of gifts given to mrs. nixon during her foreign travels. this was a gift to mrs. nixon in november, 1969. it is 12th or 11th century c. and here we have an example of a belgian lace tablecloth given to her in 1969 by his excellency of the belgian kingdom. and a beautiful watch made out of gold. it is made out of rubies and diamonds. this was given to her by the prime minister of italy back in 1970. during her historic trip to china, 1972, her extensive travels took her to the beijing zoo. then known as the peking zoo. she really enjoyed visiting and learning about the pandas that they had there on display.

that evening, as mrs. nixon and the president were meeting with noticed how they mrs. nixon was looking at the -- pack aing the cigarettes. they had pandas on them. and they noticed this and noticed she was also admiring the pandas at the zoo. and she said, yes. aren't they darling? he says, we will make sure that you have pandas to go home with. there were two pandas sent. one of them was transported in this particular crate. and of course when the president would hear that mrs. nixon was interested in going on a trip with him, he would say, let her on. it was important for her to uphold and support her husband. just her being there was so much goodwill. and it was always at the end of the trip that they would talk about the president, but always say what a wonderful job pat

nixon did. >> this is a very special place, because it was here, june 26, 1993, that mrs. nixon's funeral was held. the casket was here underneath a lovely tent with flowers. a nixon family sat right over here. and on the other side, the presidents reagan and ford, and their first ladies. this is the pat nixon rose garden at the nixon library. it was a very special place for the nixons, in particular because mrs. nixon was a instrumental in designing it for the grand opening of the library in 1990. she loved gardening and had a special affinity for roses. mrs. nixon was instrumental in opening up the white house for garden tours in the spring, which is a tradition that has continued to this day. this is the pat nixon rose which was developed in 1972 by a french designer when mrs. nixon was first lady, the pat nixon rose.

it is the only rows that will continually grow at the white house. this is the final resting place of both president and mrs. nixon and only steps away from the present humble 1910 farmhouse. there is a great story behind the epitaph on mrs. nixon's memorial site, which she chose herself. it dates back to the trip to peru that she took in 1970 as the ambassador of goodwill. she wanted to meet the people that were affected by this devastating earthquake that had rocked peru. she wanted to see the devastation. she wanted to find out what she could do to help. one of the reporters said to her, mrs. nixon, what good will any of this do it the people you are speaking to cannot understand what you are saying? and she replied, even when people cannot speak your language, they can tell if you have love in your heart. >> passionate for the arts, first lady betty ford also wanted to elevate fashion designs made in america.

>> hand-in-hand with mrs. ford's love for dance was her love for design, for fashion. and particularly, she wanted to promote american fashion. these are some of her dresses and gowns from her first lady timeframe. this is a gown that she wore to a first heads of state event. king hussein of jordan. it was designed by a lady named becky welch who had a boutique in alexandria, virginia. this next one is also a frankie welch dress. mrs. ford wore this for her official portrait as first lady. this is a dress that some eople might recognize. she wore this gown for a portrait that was taken of the family, and featured on the over of "time" magazine.

she also loved very practical design as well. a fellow from new york designed a number of dresses and gowns for her. very practical, very inexpensive, but for her very functional. she would wear these outfits, both of which are albert caprero pieces to arrival ceremonies for dignitaries but also to the hairdresser, to hurch, on trips for campaign events. they were those that she could get most comfortable in. this is a piece that she wore for the "60 minutes" interview. we know a lot of this because one of the things mrs. ford was very careful about, as organized as she was, was that she kept what we called secretaries cards for each of these dresses.

here would be notations made on where she wore them, when she wore them. and you can see that for many of them, she wore them multiple times. some of this is in the handwriting of her secretary. some of this is in her handwriting. many of these extend beyond the first lady timeframe into the post first ladyship timeframe. she would wear these into the early 1980s. and her love for design, her promotion of american fashion led to -- in 1976 -- her receiving the prestigious parsons school of design award. this is the accolade she eceived for her promotion of merican designers. from age 8 betty ford, then betty floomer, knew she

wanted to do something with dance. she was fascinated by dance and so much of her early life was organized around that. she went to different camps. this was her traveling trunk that she would take in -- to camp in wisconsin where she would put on skits and plays, dance with her friends. and that led to bennington, vermont, where she studied at the school of dance. these are some of her note card, spiral notebooks where she kept notes. each of these is dedicated to a different subject. this is dance technique. inside here you would find names of her teachers and the notes she took about the different things she was studying. much of it about choreography. some of them had dance figures that she has drawn with little stick figures or diagrams that showed how the stage is supposed to be organized. other material we have of hers

includes record albums. she, like teenagers even today, collected music. and she collected the popular tunes of the time. these are some of the records ou would find. "i'm a big girl" by gertrude neeson. "can't we talk it over" by carmen cavallaro. she kept these things in her album and she shared with a number of girls her dorm room. mrs. ford was a very organized person. this demonstrates that. please, when using these records, put these back in the same folder. thank you, as it is very mportant, betty bloomer. this is her organizer during this period. she carried with her to vermont, back to grand rapids, off to new york where she studied with martha graham and worked for the powers modeling agency.

and then back to grand rapids again. in it you will find a whole host of things that you would find in just about any organized there. names of different people with different dance troops, and their telephone numbers, dance composition notes with ms. martha hill and her class that was from 9:00 to 10:20. one of her sketches of a costume for one of the dance for teens that she wanted to put on. again, choreography notes that she made for different dance routinesa whole wealth of material in here that talks about her love for dance and how deeply she was involved in it, especially in her new early years. > in 1974, vice president ford . was sworn in as president of the united states. this is the dress that mrs. ford was wearing at the swearing-in ceremony in the

east room of the white house. she was less than excited about becoming first lady. but president ford encouraged her, saying we can do this. she resolved, if i'm going to have to do this, i'm going to have fun doing it. and the fun for her started almost immediately. within 10 days, she had a state dinner to entertain king hussein of jordan. it was something that she had to prepare for in her role as first lady, and she hit the ground running. while she was first lady, she had a number of opportunities o entertain, because president ford administration over the bicentennial, some of the most coveted events at the white house, were held during that year. people wanted these invitations. this is for the may 17, 1976 event when they entertained the hen president of france.

there were a number of people who came to the white house. and among them, the emperor of japan. this is a letter received from him in appreciation for hosting him in 1975. the first time and emperor had ever left japan. here are some of the imitations, dinner menus of robably the biggest event, and that is when we hosted queen elizabeth in july of 1976. this is the gift that the queen of england presented to president and mrs. ford, and to the people of the united states. it is a gilded and enameled oup terrine. on its face is a hand-painted image of the white house. it was the official gift of great britain to the united states celebrating the 200th

anniversary of the united states. and she wrote a nice letter back to the fords, thanking them for their hospitality, and for their friendship that they extended to the queen and to the people of england. and in this letter, the queen writes to the president and mrs. ford, it was the greatest pleasure for us to visit the united states and to be able to join in the bicentennial celebrations. and she signs it, we send our warm good wishes to you and mrs. ford, your sincere friend, elizabeth. >> born and raised in a small southern town, first lady rosalyn carter also helped run the family business. >> not much has changed here since the president and mrs. carter grew up here in the 1920's and 1930's. if we were to take away these stores and have a dirt road right in front of them, it would be very similar to the photographed circa 1925.

the story begins here in this house. she lived here with her mom, dad, two brothers, and a sister. one of her favorite memories of this house is when her dad would come home from work, go into the kitchen, and meet her mother, give her a big hug, swing her around and give her a iss. >> she lost her father at a very young age. jimmy carter's mother, ms. lillian, helped take care of mr. edgar throughout his illness. she was a trained nurse and on the night of his passing, she actually took young roselyn smith out to the jimmy carter farm to be with jimmy carter's sister, ruth. this is the farm. it is important to ms. roselyn's story because she would spend a lot of time out here with jimmy carter's sister, ruth. this is the room of jimmy

arter's. -- carter's sisters. when roselyn came out to see her friend ruth, this is where they would hang out together, play games, do homework, and just enjoy each other. surely when mrs. roslyn was out visiting jimmy carter sister, she would see jimmy carter and have many interactions with them. >> this is where roslyn smith carter and jimmy carter would attend first through 11th grade. her first memory of going to school here is, she made straight a's the first quarter. she went home and showed her dad, edgar smith, and her mom, ms. ali, the straight a's and they were so proud of her that her dad gave her a dollar for her, was meant. later on in seventh grade, a local businessman had a contest for the student that had the best grade point average throughout the year. whoever had the rate point

average, he would give them $5. in the 1920s and 1930s, that was quite a bit of money. after that seventh grade year, mrs. rosalyn had won that $5 from the local businessman. a lot of the activity that rosalyn carter was engaged in was basketball. she was so excited when she made the varsity basketball team year. we have a picture here in her uniform in her plain haskell letter jacket. i think it was a very good accomplishment for ms. rosalyn at the time. this is the plains united methodist church. it is only steps to where president carter asked ms. rosalyn out on a date for the first time. it is also where they got married. it is a very special place for president and mrs. carter. and a special place for plains. this is the train depot in plains, georgia. it is the oldest building here in plains.

in 1976, this is the logical choice for headquarters. mrs. carter was a key figure in his campaign. and as you can imagine in 1976, the hustle and bustle of all of the activity in the campaign with tables and desk and phone going off and letters coming in and out. ms. roslyn was here helping run he campaign. and the whole family had a part to play in the campaign. his sons and his daughter had a ole in the campaign. and of course, his mother, ms. lillian, and ms. roselyn's other, ms. ally. they would have sat out here on the platform, greeting visitors. this is where rosalyn carter helped organize the peanut brigade. it was a technique used during his run for governor. it was basically a way to get

the word out about jimmy carter using volunteers, going door-to-door, shaking hands, giving out literature, and spreading the word. it was so effective that it helps him get elected to the presidency. >> i got upset with the president because they covered my mental health work, the first few meetings i had. and then they never showed up anymore. one of the things i wanted to do was bring attention to the issue of how terrible it was and what few services there were. but just getting it out in public, that is what i did in georgia. i developed a good program in georgia, by the way. but they just didn't come. i met this woman who was one of he press people. and i said, you know, nobody

ever covers my meetings. she said, mrs. carter, it's just not a sexy issue. that i didn't like. but i never did get the coverage for it. but we toured the country, found out what was needed, developed legislation and passed the mental health system act of 1980. it passed through congress one from before jimmy retired the white house and the incoming president never implemented it. one of the greatest isappointments of my life. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> earlier today at the state department, spokeswoman marie harf talked about south sudan. here's some of the briefing.

>> as you saw this morning, with our statement today, due to the deteriorating security situation and out of an abundance of caution, the department of state ordered the departure of most remaining u.s. government personnel from south sudan. thereof embassy is only able to offer very limited emergency services to u.s. citizens in the republic of south sudan. due to the drawdown of our personnel, we recommend the u.s. listen to our need of emergency assistance in south sudan, first contact the u.s. embassy in nairobi. in the comes days we'll continue to work to keep our remaining personnel safe and to help people seeking to leave the country. as i said in my statement this morning, even as we drawdown our personnel, we continue to be engaged in and strongly support regional and international efforts to bring the violence to an end. health secretary kerry and other senior officials have been in touch repeatedly with leaders in the region and south

sudan and our ambassador there does remain where she is in constant communication with south sudanese officials and her foreign counterparticulates. just one more official to note -- cousht part as. just one more -- counterparts. donald booth is in ethiopia. with that, -- >> on that, do you have any idea how many, if in -- if any, americans are still in south sudan who want to get on the evacuation flights that you had and might not have been able to? i'm not asking about total number or about people who are there intentionally, but who are there because of the situation, but people who had expressed a desire to the embassy to want to leave. >> i don't know the answer. i'm happy to look into. that just updated numbers on that, we've evacuated over 440 u.s. officials and private citizens and more than 750 citizens of at least 27 other

countries on eight charter flights and nine military aircraft. this morning there were two more d.o.d. c-130's. the answer is i don't know. we've had, as i said, a bunch of flights going out. but i'm happy to check and see. >> will those continue? even though you have limited staff? presumably some of these people who are being drawn down were helping in these evacuations flights, is that correct? >> people who had remained at the embassy -- let me see. >> does the drawdown mean that there will be any impact on future evacuation flilets if there have been any -- >> we'll keep look. if we need to do more we're open to doing that. who remains, an ambassador, a few key personnel and security. but i think we're certainly open to doing more evacuations if there's a need, depending on security, of course. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> today an encore presentation shlaes. th amity

she talks about calvin cool age. -- 's a loofpblgt -- coolig coolidge did. here's a look. >> when he left office, the budget was lower than when he came in. that's the story for us now in a period where we're concerned -- how did dough that? the economy grew a lot, maybe. maybe more than 3% sometimes. unemployment was below 5%. the budget was balanced due to his own pars moan. how did he make the budget go lower? and how did that help the economy a lot? because he got the government out of the way of the economy. very foreign to the way we talk about the economy now. >> do you remember how big the budget was then? >> the number -- it depends how you count it. the way he counted it was about $3 approximately. -- $3 billion. it would be less than 5% of the u.s. economy. he was going to get it down to

$3 billion. and that was his grail, his holy grail. he had -- and the reason this brook is so long is that -- book is so long is the midding section of the book is his effort with another new englander who -- to cut the budget. they didn't just cut the tax rates, they cut the budget. and this is different from our modern supply siders who tend o put the tax rates first. coolidge always twinned them. you'll see a photo of two lion cubses he had, someone gave him two alonzo cousin. he said, you can't just cut taxes. you have to cut budget. and those lion cubs were named budget bureau and tax reduction. >> a portion of an encore presentation of q&a, you can see the entire interview later today starting at 7:00 eastern ight here on c-span. tonight, book tv and primetime takes a look at world leaders

-- world leaders beginning at 8:00 eastern with scottberg on his book "wilson" and then charlings moore discusses margaret chatcher -- thatcher. following that, remarks from marie arana on her book. that's book 2rs tonight on -- tv tonight on c-span2. a look at archival films. >> it's american history tv tonight beginning at 8:00 eastern on c-span3. also coming up tonight, c-span

series on first ladies will continue with a look at the life of rosalyn carter. during her white house years she attended cabinet meetings and traveled to latin america as an official envoy. she also supported the equal rights amendment and testified before congress urging passage of the bill relating to mental health. the life and career of rosalynn carter tonight beginning at 9:00 eastern right here on c-span. you can also listen on c-span radio. >> i think it's really interesting to sit here and talk about how the republican party is less unified than the democratic party when we sort of think about this historical -- i think it's just a really interesting time to be studying this. for the first time in recent years, we are seeing a republican party that is facing many struggles that the democratic party faced 20 or 30 years ago, when they were tinkering with the reform process every four years. >> the interplay of what happened, how candidates deal with what happened and the

context in which they're running all really matter. more than the underlying scandal itself when it comes to these comebacks. and especially if you're running in a context in which you can present yourself as an abused -- part of an abused group. abused by the system, you can really play that quite well. and whether that's the case that jeff talked about or whether it's alabama who used the 10 commandments controversy very effectively as kind of an attack on christian conservatives. i think that's very much the case. >> this weekend on c-span, the state of the national parties and a look at the political scandals and the politics of recovery. saturday morning at 10:00 eastern. live sunday on c-span j 2, your calls and comments for talk . dio host of mark levin that's at noon on book tv's "in

depth" and on c-span 3, american history tv looks back 15 years at the impeachment of president william jefferson clinton. saturday and sunday at noon eastern. >> about 10 or 15 years ago we started looking at the census department data and something very strange kind of pops out. when you look at where the profits are of multinationals, if you look at a map of europe, you see germany, france, ireland , italy. but if you look at the data on where the profits are it's italy, france, germany, ireland. it's just this -- all of -- hugely disappropriation amount of profit was in ireland. that was one indication that something was going on. >> more with marty sullivan, chief economist for a nonprofit global provider of tax news and analysis, sunday night at 8:00 on c-span's q&a.

>> next, a portion from today's "washington journal" looking at women in politics and why more women are running for office now than ever before. this is about 10 minutes. cam.o. >> washington journal continues. host: jennifer lawless runs the women in politics institute at american university. she has co-authored this report -- girls just want to not run. in youngr gap americans political ambition. are women running for office? guest: they are not running for office or thinking about running for office. that is more problematic than the lack of female candidates itself. host: why? guest: it is not appealing on the radar screen for several reasons. no one suggests it. family members, friends, party leaders, suggested officials. they are more likely to

encourage men and recruitment. second, women who has the same exact credentials as men are far less likely than men to self assess of being qualified to run for office. their self-doubt holds them back. there are people out there who are aiding those doubts. host: 20% of the u.s. senate is women. 17.8% of the house. state governors, 10%. -- stateep legislators legislators. isn't that all good news? butt: it is all good news, it is important to remember that women are 52% of the population. they're more than half of the college graduates. the receiving log degrees and business degrees in almost equal numbers as men. the fact that they are still so fundamentally under a -- underrepresented in political power should raise an eyebrow. host: the gender gap in

political ambition. you have a chart here. women are represented in pink. men in blue. is this a fact that men and women are different or is this because women are being raised not to think about these things? guest: i think it is a combination of a series of factors. recruitment factor, qualifications -- the other thing to keep in mind is that this report is a portrait of college students. these are 18-25 euros. -- yearolds. the gender gap of people who have not determined what their career will be. it is quite stunning.

it is the same size of the gender gap we discovered among successful lawyers, business politicalducators, activists. something is happening to discourage women and thinking of politics as a lucrative profession, something that is appealing in any way. changingthere a way of that early focus on boys? guest: there are a few things we can do. we know that women and men and boys and girls are equally receptive to thinking about running for office when somebody suggests it. the easiest thing to do is to encourage young women to think about it. to put it on their list of possible options. we also know that competitive experiences and reinforce the kinds of qualities and traits that tend to be related to political ambition. playing sports in high school or

college, running for student government -- those are two different sets of experiences that are very linked to interest in running for office later in life. to the extent that we can close the gender caps on those kind of factors come we can promote female candidates. the: i want to go back to sports thing. we will be talking about women in politics throughout this program. you can dial in and participate. we have set aside our fourth line for women who hold political office or have run for political office. we would like to hear from you as well. jennifer lalas is one who has run for political office. (202) 585-3883. i want to go back to the sports thing. you hit this a couple of times. organized sports in college. higher participation rates than women in both of those. why is it important?

guest: i think that sports and competition in general and the signal that it is ok -- ok to compete and ok to win and ok to lose -- a lot of the time when we think about running for office, we think about contests. pretty harsh competition. people have experience competing in a different arena, and a different round that can mitigate some of the concerns they have as to whether they can succeed in the political arena. host: here is another one. politicized environment and political ambition. it ran for student government in college. only 6% of women. 43% of men. guest: it seems to be the case that when women get to college, their interests diverge from

those of their male counterparts. uncover differences like this from high school samples. what seems to be happening is that women and men have different interests and the different interests are fueled by the college experience. it is not to say that they cannot get closer in line together and we cannot encourage women to think about politics among political science classes, to understand how the issues they care about are in fact political and related to government. do that is on us to because they are not naturally selecting into those kind of interests and professions. -- don'tthe parties they focus on women and recruiting women and getting women involved? guest: 20% of the united states senate is women. the interesting fact here is that when women run for office, they fare as well as their male counterparts. both in terms of vote totals and dollars raised. voters are willing to elect

women. the problem is that women are not running in the numbers we expect them to run in. the fact that i just said about one women run for office they fare as well as men, most women do not know that. of peoplehat 70% believe that there is bias against female candidates. acting not to run for office might be a rational response to a political environment that potential candidates perceived as biased. importantly, we have to disseminate the message that women are just as able to succeed. host: here is another chart. openness to potential jobs and professions by sex. is her college age men and women. open to political positions. three. higher on all then when you go to historically female careers.

guest: we still have traditional sex segregation in terms of occupational preferences. that is especially interesting among a college sample. wheres a group of people we would think that we would see far more egalitarian is in. a lot of careers we do. ,areers like lawyer or doctor women and men are equally likely to think of that. when we think about the most traditional roles, we see that the young generation falls into those realms. host: what about when we talk about women's issues in politics? guest: there was a lot of debate over what those issues actually are. traditionally they have been defined as issues that disproportionately affect women, families, and children. women are still responsible for the families and children at greater rates than men. there is evidence to suggest that women are seen as more credible legislating on a lot of

those issues. when those issues dominate in the political arena, female candidates might have an edge. that was certainly the case in the 1990's and the early 2000's -- more recent evidence called into question. now, both male and female candidates are equally as likely to be stereotyped when talking about women's issues and talking about issues like the economy or national security. host: tell us about your experience running for office. guest: i ran for the u.s. house he representatives in t second district of rhode island. i lost. host: why did you get into it and what was the experience like? thet: the experience was most exhilarating, fulfilling experience i have ever had in my life. i got into the race because it was a heavily democratic district and i thought that the incumbent was not adequately representing the people who lived there. issuest of social policy , women's rights issues in particular. i thought that he was out of

sync with his constituents and i thought i could do a better job. host: did you raise money? what was the hard part, what was the exhilarating part? guest: taking on an incumbent is very difficult. you have to build name recognition. you're starting from scratch. i raised several hundred thousand dollars. i gardner nearly 40% of the vote. the thing that was most talking tog was voters, many of whom had never interacted with an elected official or candidate. what was striking to me was the manner in which they were so ready to talk about their experience are having needed help or what they wanted from government -- but also that they really believed that running for office within opera profession. negativeo hear such attitudes toward congress, tour the president, toward our political institutions. i think those are very abstract notions. when voters meet individual candidates or when they interact with individual elected officials, they know that the overwhelming majority of people are doing it because they care and want to make the world a

better place. what is your reaction to republican spin the daddy party and democrats being the mommy party? guest: i think it is cliché. they need to get together and figure out how to move the country in the right direction. to the extent that we are stereotyping the parties were dividing them and giving them some credit for some issues, it is [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> on the next "washington journal," paul brandus looks at president obama's relationship with the press and his administration's goals for 2014. bialosky talking about illegals being removed from the country. ♪

>> this week on "q&a," author and columnist, amity shlaes discusses her latest historical narrative titled coolidge >> coolidge. >> amity shlaes author of coolidge, when did you first get interested in this president? >> i was writing my recent book "forgotten man" and everything was broken which forgotten man is a book about the 1930's and how the economy was broken. and i thought what happened before. and there was a period when it was fixed. and that was calvin coolidge. i thought i've got to go back and figure out what went right in the 1920's. >> talk about him.