them in the direction of negotiation. he did that and the coalition is powerful. he has kept russia and china as part of it with a lot of hard work. basically, i think the president needs to own this and continue to drive it and continue to make good decisions. i thought he was pretty honest the other week when he said to a gathering sort of like this that he thought there was a 50-50 chance of a deal. he was not blowing smoke. if he sticks to that and continues to empower secretary kerry and all of the other key people, even if you don't get the deal after a year, i think the process itself will be a good one for a iran and will give the iranian people a taste

of what is around the corner if they make the effort. >> you were positive on their intent. you've taken us through family planning and the nuclear deal. we really appreciate the work that was done with the wilson center. we look forward to tomorrow as well. i think your parents will be very proud. very proud. thank you very much. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> the white house says the president will announce next friday results of his review of

national security agency surveillance programs. the president has been meeting with lawmakers and officials and is considering more than 40 recommendations from a residential commission that will -- from a presidential commission. he has indicated he will make significant changes. students at the u.s. military academies believe they have to put up with sexist and offensive behavior, according to a pentagon report. reported sexual assaults were to 70 during the last school year. >> during this academic year reports of sexual assault decreased at two of the three academies and compared to the previous academic year. as an overall total of 70 reports involving at least one

military victim or military subject. of those 70 reports, 53 were made by cadets and midshipmen for events they experienced while in military service. because there is no prevail ence rate, the department cannot determine whether the decrease in reporting this year was due to fewer assaults occurring or due to fewer victims opting to report. rates of unwanted sexual contact and harassment will be updated via a survey conducted later this year. of our assessment, faculty and staff participated in focus groups along with cadets and midshipmen at each of the academies. during these groups, participants believed that reports of sexual harassment or assault would be taken seriously by academy leadership and dealt with appropriately. that is good.

cadets and midshipmen also identified peer pressure as a barrier to reporting. that is not good. thatthe academic year concluded this past may and the time, and -- intervening we have seen attention given to the programs. there's more work to be done. >> members of congress at the report underscores the persistent problem of sexual harassment and abuse across the military. you can see that briefing online at www.c-span.org. here's a look at some of this weekend's lineup. on sunday, the second ranking democrat in the house talks about what he thinks should be a compost this year. he is interviewed by reporters. ewsmakers" at 10:00 a.m. and then again at 6:00 p.m.

governor christie will have a news conference at 10:35 a.m. eastern. >> i think there is a way in sort we have set up this of impossible series of expectations, especially for our presidents, but for elected officials as a whole, that they're going to come in, see the day, and when it does not happen we give congress a 9% approval rating. the expectations have to be low words. that is part of what -- have to be lowered. that is part of what is amazing of the american founding. it is not like founder said do not expect much from government. it is government is not going to be the main driver of our liberty. it is going to be civil society. the federal government exists to do certain things and it better

do them well. if the is not do them well, nothing else will be properly situated. the main area of activity is going to be in private sphere, and civil society, and in the election of local officers and in the carrying out of duties at the local and state levels. even in that there is a measure of modesty, of recognizing that it is not possible for people from washington, d.c., to run a nation of 310 million people. at 8:00 on c-t "q&a." daschle outlined the andlenges to congress discussed immigration reform, the federal budget, health care, and senate filibuster rules.

he is the co--founder of the bipartisan center in washington. his comments are about an hour. [applause] thank you very much for that kind introduction, and thank you for your warm reception. i have been looking forward to the opportunity to be with you this morning and would love to get into a dialogue in a few minutes. let me share some initial thoughts with you. in politics you get introduced in a lot of interesting ways. i think my fondest introduction came a few years ago when i was introduced at a model politician and a model united states senator and model leader and a model america. my wife showed me the word "model" as it is defined it, and it is defined as a small replica of the real thing. [laughter] i think you have had a model

week from everything i hear. i am thrilled the bipartisan center has had the opportunity to work. i hope it could be the first of a series of projects like this, and i would love to have more of your input as to whether anything could be done to improve the experiences that you have had this week. you have talked about some of the key issues, political reform, energy, immigration, the federal budget. i have got to believe it has been a very rewarding experience for most of you. trumanthe story of harry in 1948, who invited the first president of israel to come to talk about a similar agenda in the oval office. as they were talking, president thean leaned over to president and said, with all these couple kitty issues, how would you like to be president

of hundred 89 people? the present reply, how would you like to be president of 2 million presidents? ofhink that is the essence that story is that in the state of israel, and i would argue in the united states today, there are many people who would like to be president who have opinions at least as prominent and as strongly held as the president of the united states. increasingly creating a challenge of governance that i am sure you have confronted throughout your discussions today. todaytional environment is arguably the most polarized it has been in over 75 years. as a result of this polarization, we have had great difficulty in reaching consensus on the very issues that you have spent a whole week talking

about, and you rob a we have a better understanding of why it has been difficult to reach consensus as result of the conversations and discussions that you have had. but our national environment is polarized in many different connotations, and i think most prominent of all the connotations is the division, the polarization that exists between those who believe our country was built on rugged individualism and that we ought to do everything we can to protect that rugged individualism and those who all we have th achieved in this country was done in large measure because of collective action. rugged individual versus collective action. i do not think that those two positions are irreconcilable. but history has shown over time that reaching some reconciliation between those two philosophical point of view is

oftentimes an extraordinary challenge. because what happens as a result of this debate is that in large measure it becomes a debate about what is the proper role of government in society today. that is at its essence one of the most important central questions and factors that play themselves out in a myriad of different ways as these debates about issues take place. what is the role of government? that i know of would argue that we should have no government. the question is along the spectrum of complete government involvement, responsibility, to minimal response ability, and where in that spectrum should lie? particularrom one public policy question to the next. i call this debate the noise of democracy, the noise of

democracy. it is not a very concordant sound. very not stereophonic. it beats the alternatives. as you consider egypt, syria, iraq, afghanistan, countries in africa. the noise of violence is even worse. i would argue that the sound of silence for people -- where people disappear because of what they believe is at least equal if not worse than that. so this noise of democracy is part of what happens in a democratic republic. edified inhas been recent years, especially by that cheap party -- by the tea party, a t party that has very strong views about the questions about the role of government.

their view is that in most areas of public policy, the government should not have any role at all. note to turn off my phone, but i have already done that. so government -- they argue that government can do things right, so you should really not do much of anything at all. and because this group and genders in enormous amount of political clout right now in her book especially, they have almost gotten their wish. this is by far the least productive congress has been in 100 years. realizationof the that lack of productivity is part of the agenda of that tea party, and do something in and of itself that is debated. should we be celebrating or should we be lamenting the fact that we have not seen a very productive congress today?

as bad as things have been these last couple of years, one still his storep it in corp. perspective. things were a lot worse in the mid-19th century. ashould say 1840's, resolution was passed that all fisticuffs had to occur off the floor of the house of representatives. of course, the very famous incident where preston brooks, a congressman, came over with his cane and beet charles sumner -- and bgeqaeat charles sumner witn an inch of his life. we have not had any fisticuffs to my knowledge on the senate or house floors for several generations. they be we are making a little bit of progress. yet this cacophony of voices and

this noise of democracy is certainly one that i think we need to be very concerned about. this vocal minority believes in large measure not only in a very limited role of government, but they have a tactical approach that has had a lot to do with our productivity in congress. thattactical approach is it is imperative that members of congress stand their ground rather than find common ground. that finding common ground is tantamount to capitulation, and that members of congress sent to washington to represent their constituencies should never capitulate. but obviously in a democracy, in a democratic republic, it is literally impossible to govern without finding common ground.

governance cannot work in a democracy without some compromise and some appreciation of the importance of reconciling the differences of opinion that 320 million our thre people. those of the challenges, in light of the fact that you have a very strongly held what have you represented by a very vocal minority in congress who believe dhat there is very limite roles for government. at the same time they believed there should not be a compromise. that leads oftentimes then to the circumstances we are facing today and the challenges that we face with regard to productivity in congress itself. i used to keep a photo of president johnson before he was president. he was majority leader for six years. there is this iconic picture of

senatorring over theodore green, a senator from rhode island, demanding a vote on something. the reason i kept that picture in my office was because i aspire to to have that capacity, but obviously i could not do that if i wanted to, towering over anybody is not my strong suit. [laughter] but i kept it as a reminder, of really, lyndon capacity extraordinary to serve as a leader and use whatever tactics were required at the time to get the job done, and there are so many people over the years have expressed a yearning for that day when you could back a senator in drake corner and twist his -- back a senator into a corner and was his arm and get

his vote. but the fact is that when lyndon johnson was majority leader, 1960, if i were to take a poll and ask how many filibusters, cloture vote do you think he had to deal with? you might be surprised that he the had one, and that was 1957 vote on the civil rights act of 1957. harry reid in the last six years as majority leader has had 322 cloture votes. 322 in thehe 1950's, first decade of the 21st century. we have had more filibusters on nominations in the last five years and we have had in all of history. filibustersumber of and the extraordinary change in

the environment that it had a lot to do with how problematic it is to govern today on the critical issues. as a result, take the four issues you have spent a lot of --e talking about this week immigration, energy, political reform, and the federal budget -- i would have to acknowledge this morning as we began the second session of this congress that the prospects for getting done arehose four substantially below 50-50. i would say of the four, immigration may have the best chance. so what do we do? ought tot that we consider as we look at the state of governance in our collective capacity here in washington in the year 2014? i would argue there are a number

of things we could and probably should do, and i would argue that they are defined in large measure by out of cult they are -- how difficult they are, to find as i can to say in civil terms that there are big things and little things that could be done to advance the cause of bipartisanship, if we really wanted to achieve it. some do not, but the vast majority of people in this country what to see congress act more productively, want to see more comedy, want to see more inspiration and aspirational to our national policy agenda. so let me talk briefly about the big things and the little things, and then i would love to get into a, visitation if i could with you. -- into a conversation with you. on the big side of things, the things that they can relive think, number one is how we

select our candidates. increasingly in this country today, our elected officials choose their voters here at the voters do not choose our elected officials. do that of course through gerrymandering in particular, moving districts around to make sure you got a very defined group of people that are in your congressional district. that is happening more and more, and i think as a result democracy has suffered. we also have primaries today that are skewed and in many cases dominated by a very small fraction. arrest party has had an success in the parties and it has -- the tea party has had enormous success in the parties because they are so well g thatzed, recognizin voter turnout in primaries is quite low.

number two, i think that one of the biggest challenges we have believe it or not is the airplane, and i should explain. the airplane has made it very easy for people to leave washington come in because it is so easy to leave washington, they leave on thursdays, they come back on tuesdays, and they try to govern on wednesdays. one cannot run a country as sophisticated as this one day a week. we have got to recognize that we have got to spend more time in washington dealing with the nation's business than we do today, and i will come back to that in a minute. but the airplane and all of its ramifications has had a profound effect on how congress works with each other, the fact that they do not socialize as they used to, the fact that no one moves their families washington anymore -- all of that has intruded to this lack of time spent in this city doing what they were elected to do. the media has changed or

medically. when i first started in politics, we had three networks. walter cronkite was the referee. thethe media is more participant then the referee. whether it is rachel maddow or rush limbaugh, there is a significant amount of philosophical and political inclination as these media celebrities are able to influence the perception of and ultimately the actions of many of the members of congress. and finally i would say the last big, big issue is money. in the last cycle, there were two races where the amount of money spent in the race exceeded $80 million. a typical irishman or senator has to raise -- i should say raise aboutas to

$10,000 every single day he or she is in office to be able to accommodate the average cost of a senate campaign today. money is driving a big part of the agenda him and it is something that we have got to be concerned about. let me turn to the smaller things. i mentioned already that we do not spend enough time in washington. in 2014, we're going to spend about nine days every month in session. nine days. we are scheduled to spend 113 days totally out of 365 in session. one cannot do the nation's work nine days a month. secondly, there is a real case to be made in my opinion for earmarks. i know you all know the term earmarks, but it gives the member the opportunity to direct funding for his constituencies. we have eliminated earmarks.

and i think that was an overreaction. there was abuse of the earmarks system, but because members of congress no longer feel as in legislation, it is much harder to pass it as before. third, transparency. too much sunshine actually burns . and i think in some cases we have got to be concerned about how much transparency there is because it has had a very stilted effect, a very -- it caused a constraining environment with regard to the members' abilities to express themselves in a candid way as discussions are held about legislation, and somehow we have got to work on that. the so-called asterisk numeral rule is really not in keeping with the founding

fathers'notion about what it democracy should be. having more caucuses where the cretin repugnance would sit in a room and meet with one another is also something that would have enormous impact over time if it were done more frequent. finally, or is not enough socializing, like i wish there were. like there used to be among members of congress, and because there is not enough socializing, there's is not enough relationship and there is not enough revision ship, there's not enough trust, and if there's not enough trust, there's not enough opportunity to come to some terms and agreements. so each of these fixes i think attention, and ultimately could make a major difference in how washington functions. as i said, at its very heart, coming to some ultimate evolution about the role of

government in society is going to be absolutely essential. i might add one last thing. that is the importance of leadership. we need leadership. we have been very fortunate to have at critical times in our history, the washington's them at the lincolns, the roosevelts, we need leadership as it relates to finding ways to ensure that we can put responsible and representative democracy at work again. i think the consequences of dysfunction could become increasingly problematic, affecting air quality of life, affecting our security nationally affecting even our stature around the world. so these are not small matters. these are ones we all need to be very concerned about. it is something i hope you have given it thought to over the course of the week. before i take your questions, let me just end with a story

that i have always thought was pretty special. it is the story of benjamin as you know, was one of the key members of the initial group of men who came together to write the constitution and to write most foundationall premises upon which our democratic republic was built. leading one night in the deliberations about our constitution, and woman in the crowd yelled, mr. franklin, have you decided what will it be, a monarchy or will we have a republic? he thought a minute and he yelled back to the woman in the crowd am a man, we will have a republic if we can keep it. that has been our charge for 200

years, to keep this republic. there are only two ways to do it. one is to fight for it when you have to, and over a million americans have fought for it over these to 20 years, and the other is to work at it every day. it is the responsibility of the members of congress of course to hard as it isd as to work at it these days, especially in times of polarization and reaching consensus, that challenge has hit new heights. it is responsibly for us all, each of us in this room has responsibility. you know that or you would not be here. i am glad you are. i hope you have had a good week, and i look forward to taking your questions. hank you all very much. -- thank you all very much. [applause]

>> thank you so much for being here. my name is michael arthur. my question relates to gerrymandering. what reforms have been deposed, and what do you think would be an effective solution? >> a great question, and i would say that as you know it is largely a state responsibility. some states have taken it very seriously. i applaud i'll walk in particular -- iowa in particular. iowa has made this as nonpolitical and effort over the years as they possibly can, all the counties within a congressional district the contiguous and that they be roughly equal and that the measureexists in large as a result of boundaries that

already are in existence rather than carving up and deciding new boundaries as one goes. they have had enormous success. they haven't equal balance between -- they have an equal balance between republicans and democrats today in large measure because they have felt so strongly about this. everything that has been done in recent years was done in california, which now requires the top two vote getters in the primary run against each other. it also -- it is probably too early to tell whether that has worked as well as he will have -- as well as people have hope. the early indications are that it is working reasonably well so far. those are the kinds of things that have to be done if we are going to get this thing addressed. i also think we have got to be concerned about how primaries function today in dealing with low voter turnout and the

influence that certain groups can have as a result of that low voter turnout is something that has to be addressed, and that is partly a function of how much we spend in campaigns, which is also a big factor. thank you. >> thank you. >> my name is mike. you touched on the filibuster already, but as a former senate girardi peter, how do you feel about -- majority leader, how do you feel about harry reid's decision to take the filibuster out? >> i support it. i think senator reid had little choice. i think it is unacceptable for a andnee who has been vetted nominated by the president of the united states, any president, to be required to put his life on hold, his or her life on hold, for a couple of years without knowing what the circumstances are going to be. you cannot do that. and so number one i think that

that factor is one of the most important. i also believe even the fact that as i said in my comments we have had more filibusters on nominations in the last five years than in all of history put together. the trends are not good. limited this nuclear option, so-called, eliminating the filibuster only on nominations. my concern is that this could slip into other areas of its leading as well, and i would be concerned about that. the two things that i think would cure the problem, but they are hard to do, is one, require members of congress to hold the floor if you're going to be filibustering, and, two, not move onto another piece of legislation. we call it dual tracking. stay on a particular issue until the issue is resolved. those two things are one of the

reasons why we have had so few filibusters in the past. >> thank you. thank you. >> hi. you couldering if share some ideas you might have about decreasing the debt. >> decreasing the debt. i think as you know we have got a chasm between what we spend and what we raise today. we are at about -- it is getting better. the economy is getting stronger, and as a result, and i will come back to that in a menace, as a result, the spread between what pend ise and what we said different. in recessions we spend more because there a lot of safety net or gross that are used more frequently. in essence, what i think we have to do is to bring our revenue to the historic levels we have had in the past, around 20% of gdp,

and bring our spending -- and it is currently right now between andand 70% -- so we have -- raise so we have to revenue and bring down spending, not only on the discretionary side, on the amount appropriated, but on the entitlement side, from 22.5% down to 20%. that would bring us roughly in balance. it is not necessary we be exactly in balance, but that would be my choice. how do we raise revenue? there are three things that have to be considered. first is the most important, to keep growing the economy. the more the economy grows, more revenue will be raised. secondly, i think we have got an imbalance. you do not have the purpose of the we have had with regard to our tax code like we had before, and i think we have got to continue to build to make it more progressive. third, i think we have to eliminate a lot of these crazy

loopholes. we have amended the tax code. we have passed tax 1986, probablyin before most of you were born and we have had over 8000 amendments to the tax code since 1986. most of them have had to do with creating more loopholes. it got to do with the looph ole challenge. on the spending side, we can do a lot with the entitlement programs. the legislators really have two choices. they can cut and ship the programs, and that is what we have done in the past, cut them back and shift the cost of something else, or we can improve their efficiency. elf care is the best -- health care is the best example. we spend about $800 billion unnecessarily. there is a lot we can do on the entitlement signed by

redesigning and improving. that is what i would do. >> thank you. >> thank you. senator daschle, earlier you spoke about silence and how people should not be locked in this silence in our country. my question, we've been talking about immigration a lot this week, what do you propose we do to ensure the millions of undocumented immigrants fighting citizenship -- for are not lost in the silence? >> that is such an important question now. we haveit is tragic the circumstances we do today with regard to undocumented people in this country. they are denied health care. they are denied insurance. they are denied insurance. it is illegal for them to be buted health care per se, oftentimes it is tantamount to

denying them health care, -- they are do not not likely to be received well if they do not come in with insurance or documentation even in an emergency room. about 25,000 people a year die simply because they do not have insurance in this country. it starts with a sick life and death issues like that -- it starts with basic life and death issues like that. it is important that immigration has historically been one of our greatest strengths. i look around this room and i .ee an impressive diversity i think more women than men, iich is a good thing, and think diversity in this country is something we have almost taken for granted. ity can because we have taken -- we have migrated

from different parts of the world. i think that has always been one of our greatest strengths. but yet there is a lot of resistance to that belief today. so i think there are three things to ensure that we really -- number one, there has to be the congressional focus on perils of living in this country as an undocumented person today. i do not think the congress has focused adequately on that question. that question, how do they live and what are their circumstances? number two, advocacy groups need to step up to the plate and be more visible, and, three, i am hopeful that these groups can organize themselves more effectively than they have in the past, and if not, have direct political influence, at

least in an indirect way by andeasing the visibility the understanding and the empathy of the challenges that they face and as a result our country faces by this dilemma. >> thank you. i expect you. thank you. >> hello. you mentioned earlier that the debate is really over the role of government in this country. but what is your opinion on the role of this country in the world? in your opinion, will the next generation or even the current legislatures and executives in office, will they continue military action or will we see more negotiation about diplomacy, and sort of a our partisanship worldwide -- a bipartisanship worldwide? >> we are seeing a dramatic change in the world landscape over the last 30 years.

bipolarto be a very coexistence in the cold war between communist countries and countries, and that bipolar simplicity was both good and bad. there were great dangers like the cuban missile crisis and the possibility of a nuclear exchange, but that simplicity i think lulled us into a cency about how we look at the world. levels, notare four just one. we have the military level, which will continue to be ominous -- dominant for a long time to come. there is an economic competition. china has become very powerful as a nation, not because of military strength, but on the basis of their economic strength. i think that is different than it has ever been before. i think that change has really

i think thatence. is a realization that we have not fully absorbed yet. i'm thinking with regard to our own strategy. at the third level, there is a new nationalism that is taking place all over the world with smaller countries that are trying to exert themselves a lot more effectively. iwould just countries like -- would list countries like israel, taiwan, singapore, and a lot of other countries. that have hady, sort of a newfound prominence in the world as a result of their success. and in the fourth level is the one that is the most troubling and intriguing, and that is what i would call the transnational level. trends in national level is dominated by people who have no national -- transnational level is dominated by people who have no national identity, hackers,

whether it is al qaeda or a hacking into the that may exist somewhere in the world and does enormous damage. we have to be concerned especially with that fourth tier. our security will be more affected by that fourth tier than the first. the question is what do we do about it. to any extent that we can do it in a sick way it requires four d's. versus defense. militarya need for strategy and infrastructure. second is diplomacy. we need to put more emphasis on nation relationships. development, recognizing how important it is to allow the tide to rise on votes anywhere in the world, especially in the developing

world, putting greater emphasis on the vomit is critical. urth is democracy. is critical. we have minimize that. we put war resisters -- resources today in the first d than the others put together. that is a long answer to your question. >> thank you. >> hi. in the past two years you have been a voice in the role of health care has taken in our country and how we can look to cover everyone in the country. reporter praised chris christie after they live to him. there was a lot of criticism fort obama's responsibility

assigning responsibility in the slow rollout of the health care. i would wonder about that and how obama did not criticize his administration for the health- care rollout. that is a valid question. i think what the president would probably say, and i have not talked him personally about it, but have had many conversations with people around him, and i think what they would argue is that, number one, there was not any one person who was allonsible who could take the responsibility to the extent that he or she should be fired as a result. it was a team effort. resultm failed, and as a th e team all is being held accountable. what the president would emphasize is it is almost like a sporting event. the first month was the first

inning. the second month was the second inning. when out and about the fifth inning. -- we are now in about 50 inning. the game is not over. the question is how it looks by the time we reach the ninth inning or the end of the game, to use a baseball analogy. areink today circumstances dramatically different than they were on the first of october. about 2.5 million people now are and rolled in the exchanges. as a 4.4 million people result of their eligibility for medicaid are now enrolled in medicaid for the first time, since october 1. about 3 million young adults have signed up on their family plans. you have almost 10 million people since the first of october who have insurance, if not for the first time, who have andrance in a permanent way

far better insurance than they probably ever had before. any rashk to take action with regard to disciplining somebody before the game was over would have been premature, and i'm very hopeful and somewhat optimistic that circumstances are going to get that are as these months unfold. >> thank you. >> hello. campaign finances. mr. glickman made a comment how he dislikes having big contributions. then it was -- then it was in support of large contributions. and problems have you faced what would you try to do to fix this problem? >> first of all, i think we have compounded the problem

allowing large contributions. it has not been anything but accelerated the arms race with regard to money and politics, and that is unfortunate. a typical member of the senate today has to spend 2/3 of his the senateears in raising money if it is a competitive race. you should not have to do that. i personally would favor a constitutional amendment that would allow us to put severe limits on the amount of money that is raised and spent. i would not allow any fundraising while congress is in session. i would put individual limits much more constrained than they are today in an effort to bring down the cost of campaigns. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> cody cooper. you are talking about the media having more of a participatory

stance rather than a referee approach. i was wondering how you would influence the media to adopt the referee approach since they have a profit motive? >> that is one of the big issues that really defies any simp le solutions. it is really a paradigm. when i talk about leadership, it is imperative that it is not just government leadership that we need. it is private leadership. that theo ensure networks and that others in the media take the responsibility and show the leadership to ensure that there is good balance. i remember the day we lost the fairness doctrine which required balance. while we had that requirement, there was a lot more of a level playing field with regard to political rhetoric and all that came from it.

happenll probably never again. it is imperative that we try to encouraget that we leaders to step up and be responsible more than they are today. i come from the nation of nepal, and after fifth teen country uprising, the has seen a path to democracy. what is the one major piece o -- piece of advice that you give to a new democracy? >> i am inspired and excited about what i see. it has been a rough and uncertain road. you have made real progress. ourhink there are f

pillars that countries interested in building a democracy have to be cognizant of in order for democracy to succeed. the first pillar is in many respects probably the most important, and that is tolerance. a willingness to accept the fact that somebody disagrees with you, that you do not agree with them, and next at the fact that you may agree to is a great, a tolerance of other people's views and beliefs is fundamental to success. that is number one. tolerance. the second is respect for the make a law, because you mockery of democracy if you pass laws and do not abide by them. respect for the rule of law is the second pillar. that is so article. the third pillar is participation. the quality of our democracy suffers in primaries with very low participation. so it is true in developed

moccasins like ours and in developing democracies like yours, but having high levels are participation is really critical. and the fourth is what i just said about leadership. you need leadership in the public and the private sector. that is an important pillar. without leadership you have anarchy. give thateadership to participation direction. those are the four pillars. we all strive. i do not think the united states is as tolerant a society as it should be. i do not think we respect the rule of law as we should. we lack participation sometimes in our elections, and there are times when i think we can do better with regard to leadership . >> thank you. >> thank you. hi, senator. i want to say i'm not usually nervous to ask russians, but i grew up to ask questions, but i

grew up watching your government and i appreciate your contribution to our country. with theessed knowledge that you have about our government and how it was formed and the history of it and you have used several examples that created an image of how that applied and what that did. how importantme it is we know where we come from and how we got there and what worked and what did not work. is more in-line with next week, which we are doing media, but in my lifetime, social media changed with the election of president can send the -- president kennedy and nixon and how people can use media to get their point across. rememberr and i cannot the issue and i cannot remember the resolution, but i remember one time that you had a public meeting in the mall, i think it

was either an individual, and you try to get people watching to understand the point of what you was your talking about. it might have been response to the president's address to the congress. so hit me, and i have noticed that you use symbolism to explain things. you create a picture in our minds of we understand what you are talking about. from an educational point of view, you want your citizens to be informed and understand the decisions you're working on and making. and appreciate that, and i was wondering if you always had that or if that is something that you learned as you government that you governed, as that you wanted your constituency to understand, and what kind of benefits have you seen because of that ability to govern? >> thank you for your kind comments. partly it is acquired. you see many different approaches to communication in politics today.

some fit the individual better than others. it is important to the extent you use the description pane the picture. -- paint the picture. it is important to paint pictures. that is an acquired ability that i'm still trying to learn. i think it is important to speak in ways that people understand, picture tosort of a be painted. and i think the more one can do that, the more effective one can be as a communicator. i am flattered that you would call attention to that. as i say, i still have a lot to work to do, but that is one thing i have attempted to do -- of my pepper was one mentors. he was a congressman from florida. he loves metaphors and pictures. he was such an eleoquent

speaker. udall also had that capacity. cool that you want to be able to acquire is a public speaker and a public servant in particular. >> i appreciate you telling people in my generation to take apart of what is going on. to>> hi. we were talking about education vouchercially the system. i was wondering what your opinion of school choice and the voucher system was. >> i generally think that having school choice is a good thing. i think sometimes it is overrated. i think vouchers can be a good thing, but i also think they are overrated. ifo not think -- i think he

-- i think if everybody got to go to a charter school or a private school, things would be resolved is too simplistic. we need to look at all the tools we have available to us. publicextraordinary schools that have served their communities extremely well, but i also know there are charter schools and private schools that have served their communities well. i do not think there is any solution. i think we need to find the test in all of these models and apply them where they work test within a community. >> thank you. >> thank you. at thea graduate student university of san diego. i appreciate your comments. i have been at a lot of political events and frequently when you ask a representative russians among you seem to get the rhetoric of the canned answer. i really appreciate the fact that we can ask questions and --y are complicated

contemplated. why does congress have different than if it's and different types thatalth care packages went in the constitution we are not allowed to have any favoritism within the congress, that the people do not have? that would be the first question. and why there is not a momentum, if there is such a low rating for congress right now, why would the congress not band ead toer to show good st the people that they would make that change that they are equal to the populace they represent. the second question i would have is it seems was so much covers nation about cutting back expenditures or increasing taxation and those two bipolar conversations, why there is not more emphasis on the contributions that the wealthier are getting as corporate fare,

or wealthy fare, that there is such a move to cut welfare, when on a budget sheet, when you continue to give tax incentives to only one edge of the population, that is the same effectively as giving benefit packages to the wealthy. it does not seem to come out in the media. i am a republican and a conservative republican, but as i have studied this, i recognize that is pretty absent from the argument. it is just to not tax. but on the balance sheets, you either -- if you get an incentive or a benefit, it is coming from the revenue streams that come into the country. is such a good point. i will take the second part of your question first. we have spent over one dollar $1 trilliontax -- on tax loopholes.

it is gone for more expensive in recent years. the proliferation of loopholes has been phenomenal in the past 20 years. it is not only, locating the tax code, but it has created a lot of the inequities that you so eloquently addressed. that is why we need meaningful tax reform am a but we do not score those tax loopholes the same way we do as eric spending. and so, i think that's where starts. value ative budgetary that a tax loop hole has is a ost exactly the same as direct expenditure but they're not looked upon budge tearily in that same way. that's the first thing. in all parity different ways. they're not scored in the

budgeting process the way it be.ld it should start with that because it would put this in perspective just as you've suggested. with regard to members of congress, i would say that sometimes they actually do which they don't get much credit. everyone in congress is required to participated in a health exchange. to be eligible. they're no longer he will i the old healthor system as it was originally designed. still access f.s.h.b. probablyhe exchange or sign up in your own state as well. so i think they're trying to greater effort at doing what you suggest, finding ensure h which to they're not treated differently.

mean, it's still -- i they have a 9% approval rating right now and i think that rating in part is extraordinary e toarization and what appears be somewhat of a picky one another oward rather than raising the level of ebate of issues of real magnitude whether it's energy, immigration or the economy. i think that's part of the problem as well. it's not just that they set themselves apart but they're just not accomplishing all that accomplished in this great country of ours today. is well taken. how can we ensure that they relate more directly to the and we f this country have a big job to do in that regard. you you you very much. >> i enjoyed your questions a

lot. much and havevery a great weekend. [applause] you very chle, thank much for being here. our ve a token of appreciation. thank and your colleague for supporting our program. daschle who r introduced to us the bipartisan center when we had the idea of the academic seminar. friendship toyour the washington center. thank you very much. [applause] >> it's disappointing to all of to see the deterioration of of iraq.ity inside i spent a lot of my life over there. from 2006 to september 2010 i as continued to reduce the level of violence in the

on.tarian violence going i believe we left it in a place where it was capable to move forward. severalen it because of olitical issues, internal to iraq, that security situation into something concerning. this is not just of iraq but we cognizant. what's going on in syria and on non and what's going inside of iraq and it's this potential building of sectarian conflict between sunni and the exploitation of that by al-qaeda and other rganizations who will try to take advantage of this. > this weekend on c-span army chief of staff looks at the security situation in the and the future of the eastern on n saturday morning. recognizes th

gentlewoman from florida, ms. ros-lehtinen, unemployment rate falling from six felo6.7%. to

he government counts people as unemployed only if they're actively searching for work. weather may have slowed hiring. construction tpeurlz cut 16,000 biggest drop in 20 months. hey were asked about the jobless number in today awhite house briefing. i seem to remember you of jobs growthts over the past couple of years implication taking some credit -- the white house taking policies president and now we have this report water.treading 74,000 jobs are created and more ominously the workforce rate -- --participation rate >> participation rate are down to a low in almost 40 years. it's where it's been since

2009, but, yeah. > does the white house and the president's policies have anything to do or to blame at jobs report? >> john, as i think you know, about the monthly we always begin ith the fact that whether it exceeds expectations or whether to do. work what it represents is 46 consecutive months of private creation. jobs.illion need to rces that we continue to have job growth, security, economic mobility as our top priority. and they are the president's he wants to work with congress and wants to work with others outside of congress an agenda that delivers on those priorities

hat continues the recovery, that expands the opportunity that economic growth affords. question that when you have, again, i think we have late where the numbers have come in way over expect taeugz and some periods below.hey come in what we have seen generally is onsistent private sector job creation. what we have seen also labor not cipation rate withstanding is a fall in the nemployment rate from 10% to 6.7%. 6.7% is too high. it is too high. that's why we need to -- despite the drop it's too high and keep why we need to working and not get hung up on deological fights when we need to be focused at coming together and ur job creation economic opportunity.

that's what the president's focused on this as an ominous jobs report? >> what we've seen over recent months has been largely positive economic data. i'm not suggesting this is nything beyond the latest report, but i would point to you you a broadergive macropicture of where we are economically. is we have work to do. we are continuing to grow and reate jobs but we have to grow faster and create more jobs. that should be our priority here 234 washington. what folks in the country expect our priorities to be. hey don't want us relitigating old fights and veering off to about issues that effect their lives directly. focused on t's very these matters and you heard him talk about them lately and

him talk about them in the coming days and weeks. to the unemployment number who said in party, today's disappointing report once again that the president's policies are failing. too many americans, many of who looking for work. from speaker john boehner. and the new numbers were announced. head of the bureau of labor statistics testified that rate was a the the t of americans leaving workforce and the county would level ts pre recession before the middle of this year.

good morning, everyone. dvice chair and members of the committee and welcome to the new year. his is commissioner's first appearance before the joint economic committee. on behalf of millions of mericans who cannot find jobs and are hopeful we hope you bring us better news in the future. i like to recognize the gentleman retiring from bureau labor statistics for 37 years of numbers. he's been mr. numbers over the last several years. e thank you for your dedicated service and is wish you the very est in your future endeavors

which by the way sounds wounderful. was weak job growth last month. 87,000 private seccer jobs and 74,000 non farm jobs. 6.7% oyment did fall to but it was largely due to labor force participation. more than half a million market s left the labor last month. they tied a 36 year low. impressive to u.s. economy economic growth century hasast half been 50% larger than the obama recovery. s a result with this growth cap, america today is missing a jobs along million main street and i don't think that's acceptable to anyone.

this, the best monthly private seblgt are jobs report obama recovery is lower the the equivalent than average job of the report of the reagan recovery. n single month matches the equivalent of an average month of the reagan recovery and that's disappointing. do better.ve got to we should be encouraged that the rate is declined 2009 this to in today. however ate nowhere near the 5% level. the white house promised the merican people when the $800,000,000,000,000 system will yous wau /* /- stimulus was lushed through congress. the u look at a time, if labor force rate had not eclined since president obama took office the unemployment

rate would be nearly 11%. another disappointing jobs smaller percentage of americans are employed today than when the recession ended 4.5 years ago. people are deeply dis-saturdays satisfied with the the dent's leadership on economy. the minimum wage, forcing small businesses to pay $5,000 per worker won't increase hiring. expending emergency unemployment programs won't increase hiring because what the long term ruling and are crying for are new jobs. emergency unemployment program is designed for extraordinary circumstances. the unemployment rate is high and going higher. as the white house reminds us declined in all 50 states and lowest since 2008.

so, you ask why the president turning e seemingly their backs on job creation and hy doesn't the senate pick up and pass and the president sign nto law any dozens of jobs the house has already approved pipeline the keystone that would create thousands of jobs. helpful this the white house delays forms the president into law two years ago. election year and trying toshington are change the conversation. just hope my colleagues on both sides remember that the measure of america's compassion provide w long we unemployment benefits but how

oon we get people into good paying jobs. that should be washington's focus. i look forward to your recognize the cha advise chair fplt /* /- vice chair. pleased we're having this hearing on the monthly employment situation and i look hearing from all you today on the past year. his would be a good time to talk about the past year. are an tune tie to dig deeply into the numbers complete understanding of the employment dat tafplt i want to make overall comments about the economy. we know it's grown for ten g.d.p. t quarters with growing at 4.1% in the third

quarter of 2013. month the average 182,000 on average last month and that would include last month's numbers. which accountsng for about 70% of economic strongest it he has been in nearly two years. target and state for best buy in minnesota we like more nsumers are getting confidence in buying things. housing industries like are recovering. they were up 23% in november and 20 leading cities 14% over eased nearly the past 12 months. anufacturing has rebounded dding 568,000 jobs since february 2010. bright ting is another spot. they're growing exceeding the

pre recession peak. while this is good news and shows that the economy has since the worse of the downtown when i remember in january 2009 we lost more an is single month than there were people in the state of vermont and we have seen improvement since then and we all know that there is still work to do. five years later though we are look adding jobs and you at the chart here showing 46 onsecutive months of private sector job growth. it not exactly where we wants to we still have seen 46 straight months of private sector job growth. time 8.2 million private created bs have been since the downturn. workerser of unemployed per job opening has decreased to less than ven three approaching the pre

recession level of roughly two for every jobkers opener n 2013 the recovery and market continued to strengthen with the private $2.2 million during the course of the year including the 87,000 jobs in december. but because in the job it 74,000 which is the number we're talking about today. unemployment rate currently a percentage point from last december. 4.6%.state it's at the truth is for most workers today market is better than it has been for number of years. the recent progress long term unemployment is still a

very real problem. nearly 4 million americans, over unemployed workers, been out of work for more than six months. of job lessness does damage to our productivity hearing cuss long term last year. bernackie came yesterday and he talked about there has been significant economic progress but he sees the challenges ahead productivity and also the income disparity issue. we're making progress on an agreement to to ide a one year extension unemployed benefits for people ho have been out of work for more than six months. senator jack by extending unemployment will

benefitse worbgz whose were cut off will get the as they hey need search.e their job the long term unemployment rate was twice what it was when allowed federal unemployment insurance to expire the recessions of 1990 to 1991 and you can see the chart level in which we had long term employment where the nemployment was allowed to expire. so i'd like to hear about the on long term employment. several states it's masked. florida has unemployment below national rate but 46% of

nemployed has been jobless for more than six months. state 60% of the manufacturers say they have opening for jobs where they find workers with the right skills. this is something that a bipartisan issues. investing in workforce training and there are number of other ideas out there. today the employment report hows that we still have market.y in the labor look back to that entire year of average gain of we have obs a month seen significant change and shows we're heading 2349 a country f being that doesn't just turn money but makes stuff and gives exports to most importantly as a strong private sector job

economy. thank you very much. i look forward to your testimony. >> i'd like to welcome the 14th bureau of r of the shina growstics she earned a ph.d. in economics and harvard and bachelor university of m madison. commissioner. thank you and welcome and we testimony. to your >> thank you. mr. chairmen and members of the thank you for recognizing tom's public service for the ement and opportunity to discuss datayment and unemployment

the unemployment rate declined to 6.7% in december. it edged up by 74,000 jobs. gains averaged 2013.0 jobs in about the same as in 2012. in december, employment rose in retail trade, whole sale trade in the information industry. revisions for he october and november which increased employment by 38,000 monthly job gains have over the past 0 three months.

55,000 jobs added in december. job gains occurred in food and which added es 12,000 jobs, clothing stores 12,000 jobs, general erchandise stores which added 8,000 jobs and motor vehicles and parts dealers which added jobs. retail trade employment increased by an average of per month in 2013. hole sale trade and employment rose by 15,000 in december. whole sale trade add an average of 8,000 jobs per month. professional and business services continue to 19,000 new jobs. his industry has added 637,000 jobs over the past 12 months. ithin this industry, temporary help services added 40,000 jobs in december.

n contrast, accounting and bookkeeping services lost 25,000 over the month. anufacturing employment continued to trend up adding 9,000 jobs. 77,000 jobs added in 2013 compared with an jobs in of 154,000 2012. employment in the information decreased by 12,000 jobs in december. reflected a decline of 14,000 jobs. employment in the motion picture voluntarity. be over the year employment has change.ittle net construction employment edged down in december losing 16,000 jobs. 2013, the industry added 10,000 jobs per month.

in non residential by ialty trades declined 13,000 possibly reflecting nusually cold weather in parts of the country. healthcare employment changed ittle in december with a decrease of 6,000 jobs. over the past year, job growth this industry has slowed to 17,000 per month compared with an annual monthly 2012.f 27,000 in in december, employment in most changed ar industries little. average hourly earnings of all mployees on private non farm payrolls edged up by $0.02 in december. 12 months average $0.42 orrnings rose by 1.8%. rom november 2012 to november 2013, the consumer price index, the measure

nflation for all urban c.p. i.u. rose. turning now to the household. unemployment decreased by 0.3% 6.7%. to over the year, the unemployment 1.2 percentage points and numbered of nemployed persons fell by 1.9 million. 3.9 persons for loyed who were robless more than 27 weeks or more. this was little changed over the months. 894,000. by the labor force participation 6.8% in ined to december and over the year this 8/10ths of lined by

a percentage point. ratio loyment population at 58.6% was unchanged in the past 12 over months. mong those neither working nor looking for work in december classified as e arge alley attached to the thisforce and is this is is little changed. >> in summary, the ufpb 7%loyment rate declined from

non-famen december and payroll payment edged up by 74,000. my colleagues and i would be to answer your questions. >> thank you, commissioner. s you know the unemployment rate fell dramatically. do you see this -- would you encouraging as an recovery? sustainable one month's number. to get e we don't want caught up on one particular number. ut most of the change in the unemployment rate, about 2/3 of labor due to falling force participation which -- >> people simply giving up on workforce?, the >> well, the interesting thing is when we look at flows it most of the flows into non participation were from moment rather than unemployment.

speaking it's not a row dust of sign as if the agn had come from creation of lot of jobs. >> do you think that job and the reasons for it is that troubling concerning a indicator? well i guess it depends on the question you're asking. of ertainly is not a sign strength. at the senior report here we are 4.5 years there are sion and still fewer payrolled jobs than when the recession began which creating a dramatic gap in jobs in america. so at the rate of the 180,000 jobs a month that has occurred last two years, how long will it take before america simply back to even in

jobs?ll >> in total payroll jobs it would take about seven months into july. for private sector payrolls it would take about four months. we're talking about mid year before we get back to break an the pre recession? right.'s > the number 74,000 jobs were disappointing for most of us who want to see stronger recovery. far below the consensus for the report. from an economic standpoint ntil the numbers are insignificant statistically in the sense of was read, what in -- where were the areas -- i think you mentioned information. areas last month were

significant that you could tell us about. 55,000 job created in retail trade were statistically significant. > that was in food and clothing? >> widespread in retail trade. few of the sub secotors. the whole sale trade was significant. there any insight into that number? > well, a lot of that was in electronic trading. so these are services provided firms that are buying inputs they do it electronically so they don't take possession of on inputs they purchase behalf of other firms but they the purchase of these by firms. >> right. >> the other sector that had and i want to call your ttention to is very important, the temporary help severies.

40,000 ed a significant new jobs. >> thank you. >> thank you very much. you, commissioner. this morning's report shows job not exactly where it was expected, but i think we know 46th ecember marks the consecutive month of private sector job growth during this more than 8.2 million rivate sector jobs have been h added. hat employment trends have you how would you nd market.rize the labor ? >> overall today's report was be encouraging. norm to month variation is

until our measures. > so you're basing your on december? over the year. we have a ways to go to return recession conditions. seen growth in the industry that's we talked primarily in professional and business services and and in leisure and hospitality. ask e number i did want to about with december you refrperence to the number. ion

about the u talk construction number and how the cold could have affected it? year, we've added 122,000 jobs in construction. average most decline was in non residential specialty trade. when we looked into this further, we found that most of declines were concentrated in the northeast and midwest and areas that had

lower temperatures than normal past month. >> but overall there have been 122,000 jobs. when you mention the regional issues i remember at these hearings do you see any regional trends, not just construction 2013?he numbers of

are, the mber 2013 unemployment rate for veterans 18-24 was 15.6%, which is ittle different because these sample sizes are so small. this is a little different from rate for unemployment non veterans of that age. about s overall make up % of unemployed persons as of december. >> do i remember we've been working hard in various ways on fact ssue because of the that for a while we were having xtraordinarily high unemployment rates with veterans and i know we've seen some improvement. let me get back to the regional question. at the november numbers which is the latest for which we unemployment rates, the highest th the

unemployment rates seasonally i at 9% and e nevada rhode island at nine and ares illinois at8.8% and 8.7% and the other ones who are district of are the columbia, california, kentucky, i, tennessee, arizona, new jersey. group at about the top 7.8%. he states with the lowest unemployment are north and south 2.6% and 3.6% 3.7%, tively, nebraska at utah at 4.3%, hawaii, iowa, at 4.4%.wyoming all 4.6% andes minnesota at then kansas and new hampshire at 5.1%. >> i'm not going into analysis

that but it has something to do with what industries are in what type of r employment are in those states nd that's something you mentioned. >> also the aftermath of the housing crisis. >> exactly. seen some pretty dramatic improvements in just past year. it.preciate >> commissioner, the labor is pretty on rate wel at a historic low and if took that into consideration based on the bureau of labor actual cs the unemployment rate would be closer -- someplace between 10 11%.11 and closer to i want to talk about that in the you xt of the jobs that said have been created, food, service oriented

jobs. relate that back to what senator talked about which is something that was generally referred to skills gap. do you have an idea of what that in the real world? lack of about our people to provide the employment that's available more the higher and technologically oriented jobs. what that means and what we should be doing differently than are we don't study and make

pollmination about whether seurz achieving their goals or proposed policies to achieve goals because such work about our questions eutrality and impartiality -- clearly there's an increasing number of people ropping out of the workforce and i accept your notion that t's not necessarily where

you're going with the bureau of labor statistics. economist you must have an opinion about that. would you like to talk about that? maybe not? as ight now my job is commissioner and i think it's most important for me to uphold principals and practices of statistically agencies but i can talk a little bit about where has been occurring and seen in terms of wage growth is that by when f the growth in -- you divide it up by broad wage ries, much of the growth has been in the lower wage industries. when you divide it up by which is a different kind of way to divide growth, there you see more growthghway -- in high wage occupations and low

wage occupations than you see in distribution. he >> thank you. i yield back. one mmissioner, can i ask question because i wants to be lear n your testimony you said the employment rate or participation rate was due not o people dropping out but people leaving jobs. the question was the growth industries clearly there probably is relationship between industries you're seeing to the labor oh 0 it's not a policy issue. that for an look into you. that's something that we -- we flows, so i think we can do that. delaney. ntative >> thank you, mr. chairman and commissioner welcome. and i want to tie my comments friend justments my

made. -- thisu expand on this ggregation with respect to categories?

>> >> that's getting into attainment based on educational attainment and the correlation. at the growth g and jobs based on the skill profile of the jobs. so, you made the observation have seen growth it our as bar belling of it reflects aour economying broader trend of how specialized becoming.y is do you have any data to show the

materiali growth?l of the >> i don't have a single measure of skill but can i tell you major occupational groups had the most employment growth. frame we 2013 time added 669 jobs in management and professional and related occupations denominator?e >> this is not a -- i'm sorry. a 1.2% growth. >> got it. resource n in natural construction maintenance 1.8% tion there was growth. ales and office occupations 3/10ths of a percent growth. transportation and material moving occupations 10th of a percent.

and in service occupations an 1.8%. e of >> got it. broadly -- do you categorize jobs in these low and low high, skilled? not.enerally speaking we do >> i understand. that's some of what subjective-- bottom part in the of these distributions or top part. we've ou observe -- as seen the rate of growth of it's care and 0 the way slowed over the last several ears, does that correlate of growth of jobs in the healthcare sector? -- e're still adding although not from this past month, but generally we've been dding jobs in the healthcare sector but the pace has slowed over the past year. > so you do see correlations between healthcare expenditures and growth in the healthcare sector. >> i haven't done that

correlation. >> got it. okay. thank you. here nks also for being today to testify. it goes woult saying that employment report has disappointing news. it's well below what the country needs to do. 133 jobs need to be added per keep up with the population growth. i'm sure you'd agree we have a go on the road of recovery. a million jobs at the start of the last reand participation rate, the force in staggering numbers is really low. 350,000 last g month alone. me to turn to something as many refer to as the jobs gap between the e average employment growth and the more anemic growth that has the most recent recession.

4.5 years after the recession fewer here are still payroll jobs than pre recession. measures there is a huge jobs gap. the brookings institution it's as high as eight million jobs. has the b.l.s. done is an jobs gapat all of that of those types of numbers? a comparison to where we were when the recession don't , but we generally do the kind of forecasting that jobd be required about what growth would have been in the absence of the recession. that's not really within our set. >> okay. chairman brady mention n his opening statement that hen the stimulus bill was passed and it was controversial for many reasons but they said a 5% unemployment rate which we're not anywhere near. rate of job erage

creation how much longer would for thefor unemployment rate to reach 5% just to get to the 5% level? take?ong would it >> i haven't done that calculation. know it will take about seven months for to us get back to the of where we were before. >> but there would be a longer 5% iod of time to get to the level >> i mean, we can estimate that. you. n straight line for >> okay. let me turn a little bit to part-time because art-time employment and full-time employment has been something else that's been discussed with some concerns. ask some questions about that. part-time employment for measure reasons is a some would say of weakness in the labor market. agree conomist would you that part-time employment could be viewed as a weakness in the market? >> generally speaking, during recessions you do see an in the people who are

part-time for economic reasons, not getting as many hours as they would ike or prefer to work full-time and hat's why they're in that category. either they're not getting as many hours or taken a part-time job because they haven't found a job. time >> we've been out and post recession now for a while technical on the side a lot of employers are nsure they need workers long disincentivesar or are there other factors that contribute to that? >> as a percent of the total hasn't changed very much of late. constant. ly >> okay. decline so we've had a in the part-time for economic reasons, although it's still historically high things that will

be interesting to watch in the near future is with the affordableion of the care act and the new healthcare law. 've spoken with several employers in minnesota that are oncerned about being forced to scale back full-time workers into part-time jobs now because act.e affordable care and restaurants normally have is -time workers but there o one restauranteur has looked at moving all of the full-time into 29 hours in the part-time status. there are consequences obviously full-time jobs into part-time jobs. of an along those lines what role does mandated employer play.its higher workers either part-time as opposed to full-time? wouldn't allow to us answer that. it would be a policy research question. >> good. i think we'll be hearing more

about that. sir.ank you representative sanchez. chairman.you, mr. i want to say something before i panel a question. hank you mr. chairman for this morning actually trying to delve instead of umbers partisan bickering because i think we're all at the point where we want to try to what's going on. of appreciate the majority the members who have been talking this morning of been what trying to stick to he picture looks like in hopes to move and to try to do the that we are supposed to document i want to go back to delaney asked mr.

and this whole issue of bar you ng and the fact that said employment has occurred at he higher -- at least higher educational level and lower educational level. that middle portion, i guess we're trying to figure out what jobs would they be that aren't growing and if you have that, and if on of you are a -- because you have it not necessarily skill set, which of course when we're looking at it we're trying set.gure out skill if you're an employer you're you're trying to figure out not whether somebody went to college or not. >> when we see these young university g out of and they have a college degree a set y may not have skill set because they maybe experience, he work would those students fall into bell middle portion

where hiring is not happening now stph do you have any statistics on that? yeah. uhm, let me see. well, the middle area of these groups ge occupational that i'm talking about are sales we office occupations where added only 94,000 jobs and -- like entry d be alesperson, like cold calling entry receptionist that type of thing? it could trative work be sure. nd then the other areas, production transportation and occupations.ing you wouldn't associate with a college degree but i'm sure some them -- >> logistics or maybe something of the sort. when you're trying get your foot you don't have a lot of

work experience you probably of the rung.bottom as you've you is, seen over the last month or two, to feel -- i'm trying to figure out if companies -- look at companies' balance sheets the ones we can things we see two skphapg we've seen it for a capital of accumulation, cash on hand, back of well as by stock. and this is where the public those that can i see using their cash. shut down k that the that we had is reflective in any way of these numbers? i know these policy issues. had u think that that

anything? i'm trying to figure out how we get companies to begin to spend cash. it's a risk. hometown newspaper for the county orange where i represent, hey are creating journalist jobs and hired over 400 new people in the newspaper business which supposedly is totally con terri to what we have seen in business these days. do you think that when we do that that's what is holding people -- companies back? let me answer something a is that a ted which characteristic of the market that is we've w seen -- excuse me (coughing) we've seen a decline in job rates back to pre recession levels. ne area in which our labor

market improved is our job destruction rates are more you would see in an expansion. beenat's lagged for us has job creation. firms both in new in the number of new firms and jobs created by new firms. ou can see it also in expansions by firms and this is from our business employment data.ics so, that corroborates some of what you're picking up. we did look at the effect -- we have looked at the effect of the way down in a very direct and we saw an increase in associationyoffs in with the shut down and decrease after that. did not see a -- numbers of a lot ofggestive multiplier effects.

we think there was some displacement. commissioner, thank you for being here today. i just want to go back to some things that mr. paulson had brought up. with population growth we have to see about 130,000 new jobs created every month just to maintain the low. is that right? number,is not a precise but there are numbers along those lines. number, ismiddle that arranged around 130,000? this month we created only 74,000 new jobs. just to maintain our employment 130,000, have to have this