jersey. we will make it a priority to have every child in new jersey get a good education, no matter what adult you have to offend, where you came from, what sacred cow we must slay, how we have to change the conventional thinking, we will no longer stand for the achievement gap that exists between our best and least educated children. [applause] this government, our government, we will end the failed war on drugs that believes incarceration is the cure for every drug abuse. we will make treatment available to nonviolent offenders when we can and we will partner with our citizens to emphasize this truth.

every life has value and no life is disposable. [applause] this government, our government, we will fight to continue to change so that we value our differences and we honor the strength of our diversity, because we cannot fall victim to the attitude of washington, d.c., the attitude that says i am always right and you're always wrong, the attitude that puts everyone into a box that they are not permitted to leave, the attitude that puts political victories ahead of policy agreements, the belief that compromise is a dirty word. as we saw in december regarding the dream act, we can put the

future of our state ahead of the partisans who would rather demonize than compromise. as your governor, i will always be willing to listen as long as that listening ends with us being willing to compromise for the people who sent us to do our job. because you see, in the end, i have had no greater honor in my life than having twice been elected to be the governor of the state where i was born and raised. with that honor come solemn obligations to make hard decisions, to raise uncomfortable topics, to require responsibility and accountability, to be willing to stand hard when principals are

being violated, and to be willing to compromise to find common ground with all of our people. to work every day, night and day, to make new jersey all it can be. in short, to be the governor. [applause] to my fellow new jersians, we started this journey together at a dark time when hope was at a premium and had been squandered by a government unwilling to tell you the truth. today, we enter the final leg of our journey together with more hope than we have had in years and with the trust that comes

from partners who have shared with each other the hard truths that come from decisive action. we are at the dawn of the new age of pride and growth in our state and its people. let us move forward with the strength that comes from the belief that we have in each other. i believe in you, new jersey, and i always, always will. [applause] it is only fitting that in this administration, with more hurricanes, snowstorms, flooding and disaster of the natural sort than of any administration i can remember in my lifetime, that we begin the second term in

the same way. [laughter] [applause] so, to the folks who could not quite make it down the new jersey turnpike to be with us this morning, i understand. to the hardy souls who are here, you have my thanks, and i end by saying what comes directly from my heart. god bless you. god bless america. and god bless the great state of new jersey. [applause]

>> good afternoon. my name is sarah christie, and it is my pleasure to introduce sister patricia to deliver the benediction. sister pat is my principal. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome sister pat. [applause] >> thank you, sara. heavenly father, today we celebrate and commemorate

another chapter in the history of new jersey. we acknowledge your sovereignty over our lives and our nation, and our state. help us to remember that freedom does not perpetuate itself, that we as a society have to work at it, nurture it, protect it, and pray for it. help us to renew our loyalty to this great state. empower us to rededicate ourselves in faith to you and to one another. from the beginning of time, you have preserved us as a people and helped us emerge as a nation and continue to lead us in numerous and wondrous ways. make us reverent in the use of freedom, just in the exercise of power, and generous and the protection of weakness.

inspire and bless all who have been elected and invited to lead. we especially pray for our governor chris christie. we are grateful for the steadfast service rendered to the people of new jersey. continue to give him the wisdom necessary for the work at hand, fortitude and courage for the challenges that lie ahead. protect and bless all who serve with him. in jeremiah, we read, "for i know the plans i have for you, declares the lord, plans to prosper you and not harm you, plans to give you hope and a future." the prophet isaiah reminds us that those who hope in the lord will renew their strength. they will soar on wings like eagles. they will run and not grow weary. they will walk and not be faint.

loving father, as we conclude today's ceremony and move forward with hope, we pray, may the strength of god sustain us, the power of god preserve us, the hands of god protect us, the ways of god direct us, and may the love of god be with us this day and forever. amen. [applause] >> good afternoon, everyone. i am andrew christie. on behalf of my family, i would like to thank all of you for coming this afternoon. once again, i would like to congratulate the lieutenant governor and my father on their respective reelections. [applause]

once again, thank you all for coming and this inauguration ceremony is now adjourned. [applause] ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

>> did i feel prepared? elected, sowasn't did make that much difference. the difference between being the vice president's wife in the president's wife is huge, because the vice president's wife can say anything. nobody cares. the you say -- minute you say one thing as a president's wife and makes the news. i had to learn that quickly. >> watch our program on barbara lady's on c-first span. org. we continue with hillary clinton. >> with the winter olympics a

couple of weeks away, the center for strategic and international theies posted a panel on security of the games. >> you have heard a lot of discussion on this in the they areress, essentially structured differently from the way that security services in the west are structured. the main goal is regime security, rather than public security, you could say. with a high-profile, significant event like the olympics, those things are connected. nevertheless, i think the goal of the security state that vladimir putin presides over its very much directed more at insulating regime from pressures coming from the outside rather than it is toward the curing -- securing the public in general. that trying -- trying to make

that pivot because of the political importance it has. i do not know about the capacity to do that. the second point that i would emphasize here, something we have not talked about, but important and a lot of context is corruption. russia as aon in lot -- in the lead up to the games, is focused on this element. it is misappropriated, misplaced, gone into dodgy contracts and offshore bank accounts. these will be the most expensive olympic games ever, upwards of $50 billion. a third of that may have been embezzled or stolen. what does this have to do with security? servicesally, security can't be supremely effective, be they are only -- can

supremely effective, but they are only as strong as their we akest link. if you think about the successful attacks that have been carried out of the last decade or so, one that is really two female when n suicide bombers blew up an aircraft into thousand four -- in 2004. they bribed their way through security check weights. the guards to let them onto the plane, even though they had not gone through the proper procedures. and then not searched, they detonated suicide bombs when they were on board. up in aystem can be set

way that is designed to focus on these kinds of threats, but it arduouses one corrupt willing to look the other way achange -- in exchange for bribe for a successful attack to be pulled off. that is how we know how secure the olympics will be. securitysion about the at the winter olympics at sochi is on our website, and tonight on c-span at 8:00 p.m. former joint chiefs of staff mademan mike mullen comments about edward snowden, calling him a traitor. these remarks are about an hour. veterans of to the america for putting on these events. of events,o a lot

and i think the quality has been very high at the events i have been at. hopefully we will keep to that this morning. he needs no introduction, he was operationsf naval from 2005-2007. joint chiefsas the chairman, capping a very successful decade. thank you for being here this morning. we'll have a brief discussion, t, --about the deb >> it was a random question that the reporter asked me. [laughter] >> always a mistake, answering those questions.

a random reporter in the pentagon said what is the greatest threat we face in the united states? he said the greatest threat is our national debt. that got a lot of attention. our national debt is a little above her team trillion dollars -- was a little above $13 trillion, and is now above $17 trillion. what would you say now? >> thank you for doing this. i think what you are doing is critical and i would say it is good you are young because this is a long haul. it is not going to happen uickly, but leaves persist -- please persist. this seat affords me an opportunity to watch my car gets

towed away because it is in the snow emergency route, i am sure. [laughter] i was telling bill earlier, i cannot remember the for him -- that was there when the reporter asked me that question. but i have given it a lot of thought. from a very strategic level i believe that the military is part of the solution to better outcomes throughout the world. and i higher level it is about the economy. i focus a lot of my time on whoationships with countries were key economic engines in the world. weather was rebooted -- whether it was brazil, china, or the middle east, or india, i try to spend some of my time in that regard. i believe that you can create stability in a peaceful

environment, people's standard will improve and the economy will thrive. i really did believe that as the went upker substantially. people were doing handstands as it went down as if it went away, and it has not. we cannot be the country that we are capable of, in a time in the world where we as needed -- are needed as much as we are, if we send ourselves into oblivion. we will not make the investments, and we will continue to lose what i consider to be credit, if you will, on the international stage. it is something that has to turn around. it is something that will take second five the part of everybody -- sacrifice on the

part of everybody. you could take the whole pentagon budget, pour it into the debt, and it would have a minimum impact. it has to be the entitlement beast that we all know about -- piece that we all know about, and have talked about for years. from aecifically, retirement standpoint, the whole coal issue right now. means tested be for my health care payments, i'm happy to be tested for other entitlements. i do not want to hurt the 20 who are justts bumping along. those who can afford and will more need to pay a little more, as far as i concert -- and concerned -- am concerned.

i get asked what keeps me awake at night? number one is still the debt because we have not done much about it. the paul ryan and patty murray budget deal was in reaction to that was based on the judgment concerns and partly on misunderstanding of what the actual proposal was. it shows how hard it is to form environment -- reform entitlements. >> i would like to see them means tested. i'm very conflicted about that, because when i was asked these questions on active duty, when we look at retirement for the military, for example, all of the chiefs, myself, and vice- chairman lined up in this

position that we supported that long-term, but we wanted to grandfather it to anyone who had had an actual contract for their career. those that clearly indicated that they may stay for 20 years evolution grandfather any change like that. any moneynot increase into 15, or 2016, or for a significant amount of time? . i get back to that we need to means test it, and everyone has to pitch in. we talk about entitlements in so many different -- it has the oweific meaning of "you me this." i think it has a broad

definition at different levels. people who are doing very well at the heart of their envelope of life, they feel entitled to do this whether they are or not. degree, for ofme this -- i -- and owed am owed this. >> ever since he made that we have not really had intent but reformed the but spending has leveled off. we have not really had entitlement reform, but the spending has leveled off. are you alarmed about the $17 trillion,f and can be kindly move on it -- can we finally move on it? >> i was delighted with the

budget agreement, that it took place. i worry that it sends the signal that this is over, and this short term is out there in so many ways brought the country -- throughout the country. >> i'm a glass half full guy in it's the so i'm hoping beginning of being able to turn it around. have the same instinct. i do think your comment there startling enough to people that it did have a good effect. let's hope that both parties get more serious and willing to make sacrifices for that. what about the other things that keep you awake at night? five.isted two is he debt and

education system. talking about problems with it for a good 20, 30 years and some significant under taken in terms of in particular charter schools, reform.a and education but by in large it's still in very bad shape and almost -- i mine, there's a parallel to the debt issue in that you have to have resources to invest for the future. if you don't have them you can't -- you're not gonna have much of a future. we have to have an education at am which is functioning very, very junior, very, very -- beginning, if you will, because i think the competitive advantage that america has is right here. we'll be st in that, okay and if it continues to gonna be re not competitive. you can't -- at least -- i've some time in the education sector. you can't scale charter schools to the public school system in country.

i don't know what the answer is. 'm one who believes you got to do this through teachers. they were the most impactful as a kid, y life among coaches and parents and astors, et cetera, and i think somehow we have to channel that. well.n't pan very i taught for a year up in princeton and i didn't run into a graduate that would go teach quite frankly. that doesn'twell. i taught for mean there aren't any. it's not the path that so many choose because it's not valued in the country. that around or, gain, this very slow erosion will wake up one day and we'll what happened. third thing is the political paralysis here. washington mostly since the mid '90s and i asked some are d historians quick to say we've been through this before. two years ago i asked that said, well when?

they said 1938 or 1939. so that wasn't overly uplifting in that conversation. but about a year ago i asked the of another n historian and he said, well, we have. i said when was the last time? said the civil war. this is really tough and i think everybody knows that. i don't know how it gets broken. i worry that we will continue to will.e hole, if you i hope that somehow the in the country at large can figure out a way to et us moving in a much more positive direction before we event.me catastrophic so that concerns me a great deal. the fourth is cyber. talk much about it but it scares me to death. was ght that when i chairman. i understand how capable it is, is, nothal the potential

gone rom a penalty perspective but from a national perspective. shutting our f grid and financial system and mpacting significantly our logistics and almost has no bounds. euptkeupbs e target epbts over christmas where the reports were forty million and then 70 million. and eaks to the scale capability in the cyber world. i talk about it in leaders. you got to have the tech types ecause line leaders make decisions on people and policies.s and that is of and capability in the huge concern. the last one is just veterans. well for doing very our veterans who fought the wars. just because i was chairman in the iraq and afghanistan war. on iraq and vily

afghanistan. to very, ming back very tough employment numbers. the economy is -- while it's umping along and getting better, high aring them throughout the country is difficult. unemployment numbers are about from 18-24 year olds are about average. national half of them are married. they need to put food on the table. 'm not convinced you can do it from washington. what i try to do is engage local leaders in communities throughout the country. has got to lead in an urban community to customize the for veterans focusing on health, education and employment and remember that these spouses well een extraordinary as in these wars. ypically they're two income families. i find this quote, unquote, sea of good will on the part of the people.n

you need local leaders to galvanize that and we've seen ignificant progress in certain parts of the country. coming worry they're home and they're leaving the military at about a thousand a day which is normal. hiring them at about 100 a day and it's better than vietnam and in the past in many ways but we're just beginning. come out of afghanistan america didn't have to buy into these wars. in ica doesn't have a stake these wars. so combat troops are out in a ew months and america will accelerate away from our veterans. giving visibility to this and this young group and it's 2.2 million men and woman seen.st i've ever i did it for a few decades. ands down they're the best and they're gonna make a difference in the future. i see them by the thousands gonna make a huge difference investing in them is a great investment. that's where i spend a lot of my

free time. and thank you t for spending your time on that. it's so important. there the distractions are some people who serve 20 along, but ing actually the people who need the most help are the people getting 8, 12 years and they don't have the retirement provided and especially if who don't isted guys have a college degree. i don't know that we're set up well, in the business world or civic world to help them as well as we can. y sense the officers do pretty well. they have college degrees and to help them find things but i worry more -- >> i love my officers but that's not my focus. when you look at the pyramid it's the sergeant and the second officers.y that's the bulk. we've seen certainly in our lives c.e.o.'s from vietnam, rom korea, that's where they

started. strode they'rely strong group of talented individuals. it's that investment and they don't want to handout. -- we need to just guide them to the opportunities. knock ey get in, they'll it out of the park.officers. that's the bulk. we've seen certainly in our lives c.e.o.'s from vietnam, from i really believe that. it's getting them to that and translating their skills. edics or coreman have to go to state x, y or z in the country and they can't -- they've been almost surgeons on the they can't and even -- they have to do the whole recertification process to become a paramedic in a given country.roughout the there are lots of examples of those. some actually making tkpw progress there. the fact is the hundred or so are getting hired, all of those for about 17% of who join the military that stay

in for 20 years. it's been that for a long time. effort, ia significant hope, that is underway to really the at should we reform whole retirement system. i applaud that. that doesn't mean i have an to take away the 20 year retirement. didn't go once ask very well. but, can you vest young people a earlier is the question; for example,. there is a lot of work that done and the retirement system is very generous. the benefits right now compared to the mid '90s and this is ipartisan we're in much better shape than we were back then. and en you're downsizing pushing people out there is something weird about a system the 20 year es service and in a sense almost no or no retirement value on 12 or 14 years and that is an item.sting reform you mentioned cyber.

planned to talk about it. n.s. ontroversy about the a. you dealt with these matters at the highest level. that you want to reassure they're doing the they're supposed to be doing or one of stories?rmed by these ns i spend a lot of time at a. they're extraordinary group of professionals. to be inside all the time. but what i knew from what i knew were charged ey with -- there were two aspects it. they were complying with the law and this interest of the america at the in of their list and it was many cases a very beneficial undertaking in terms of figuring threat was. i've said for a long time i hink the debate -- i hate what snowden did. i think snowden's a traitor.

that said i think the debate important sued is an debate. this debate about the balance security.rivacy and it was long coming. i was worried quite frankly we cyber 9/11 rough a efore we had it where the law changed immediately and the pendulum swings too far, so i healthy debate -- i think it was two congressional two budgets ago, that lieberman and collins were utting forward the first homeland security discussions, didn't go very far but we need there'snue that and now more life and oxygen in that approach. a very healthy debate. the threat's not going away. the danger is out there. that?o how do we balance >> afghanistan, you mentioned

were you chairman obviously surge.the paid very close to attention to that. that i think accomplished a lot within the limits of what it in a year or two. how worried are you about what year? this what do you think should happen? should we leave residual force there? the -- can the be?uation >> i have appreciation for how issues are.obs and so i worry -- i mean i worry a about the region. afghanistanuld like and pakistan to go away. don't think they're gonna go away soon. challenges that exist

there from a terror standpoint civility standpoint are going to continue. do we, the is how and what's frankly, the united states's position in term outerms of longer comes. as important as the secure in afghanistan, to train the police and the issues, forces, the larger issues for my prospective deal with isgle to the government and the corruption. fghan citizen backing up a corrupt government that undermines our position though we're there to help, quote, unquote. not a military peace. that's the political piece or government piece and i think

that addressing that in a much long ggressive way in the term, we'll have to figure out how to do that. one of the things, i think we'll have to figure out in the future ow do we deal with corrupt people and corrupt governments? done itt than how we've in the past. corrupt.hey're too we get undermined. in a time that is generally chaotic, i sort fall back on the values that are true to as a country and that kind of framework when we don't know what do but make sure they're kinds of things that freedom and democracy and human lack of corruption and i'm not saying we need -- we anywhere and totally eliminate corruption. the idea.

how do you -- there are different kinds and how do you ddress it from a policy standpoint? and how do you lead in that space in the long run. be problematic. the whole issue of leading a horse, that is a smart move from the standpoint of reating some kind of continued relationship and longer term stability. i don't know. outcome now what the is. understanding what is in president karzai's mind is very difficult. >> one of the last questions. i' iraq as well. you all hoped to leave residual iraq.in how much do you regret that that didn't -- how much of a price do paying that that wasn't able to be done? i mean, i'm watching

iraq just like everybody else. certainly disappointed. i worry a great deal about the politics there. -- that's what prime minister is going through on the shocked. i'm not i wouldn't want to overstate the quote, unquote, impact of a residual force if you will on what's going on there. -- that was ainly all generally pre syria which igniter for the whole resurgence offing a kaied including al-qaeda in iraq. and this goesieve military w does the fit in and force fit in. -- there are ical political endeavors, diplomatic outcom rs to create an and then you figure out to use and i feel that

way for syria as well. structure, the diplomatic structure, needs to be there. it's not perfect but at least needs to be there that's stopping the getting those -- camps -- of all those who are out of the country getting homes ple back to their and then if the military needs to be a part of that that's it's other rry about easy to pick up a stick and do what ing and figure out happens after the case. iraqi that way -- i mean, saw there is discussions about giving them assistance. i think that's a good opening. leaders. lot of their here is an opportunity to do that and certainly won't want to see it fall apart. >> final question. you were also chairman when president obama announced the pivot to asia. i was in asia myself a couple of

months ago and i would say friendly leaders there, they sort of welcome the idea of this. convinced e they're there's that much reality behind it. i was struck how nervous they what they see as fairly or unfairly a sense of .s. retreat and withdraw elsewhere. it reminded me what happens in the middle east doesn't stay in middle east. when we say there is a red line other 't do anything, people think gee, what about our red lines here. i'm curious. time in asia t of and china. your general sense what is happening there and what we there? be doing > i actually visited last fall and i had the same reaction from our friends in japan and south particular that there was -- first of all, the tension as much higher than i expected it to be particularly between japan and china. mean i've been to japan a lot and i just -- i heard nothing

more -- i didn't hear about else except china. back to what i said earlier focusing on the economies. that's an economic zone that the world and needs to be stable. we've got the second biggest world in china and fourth in japan. we need to be engaged. supportive of the re-balance if you will. that said, middle east isn't going to go away. i think we're in a for -- i don't know how long, 30, 40 year run here. one of the things that we, americans don't understand well enough is what it's like to middle east and to think about a single thing every day when you wake up which whether you're in the village or in the palace and when we havens and these leadership changes that occur in these countries, it's libya or iraq or yemen or in syria if that turns out, we just sort of expect

another leadership to go up. they're not there. those leaders that are currently there have killed them or out ofled them all the country. that long standing investment required to create leaders and create institutions i think we need to be modest in terms of what we mean by democracy and taking steps democracy in terms of our expectations when changes like this occur. the middle east isn't going away. re-balancing i think is very important but i don't think we and not focus -- middle to focus in the east. from the security standpoint, probably all the resources we'll have in this downturn. it will turn. at budgets d look through decades, it will turn at this point but we

won't have a lot of ability to tphepbt.the couldn't we're about year three of a ten year cycle where the budget comes back and we should stay engaged as best we can. but the impact is really important. nd then our relationships with particular in the acific, can he emerge in the future in a construct way with china. a id a -- i completed commission on energy security, having an energy security policy with danny blair and mike and and john belushi and john hanna. opportunity in the energy world to work with china s they become the biggest consumer in the world. we found resources -- the right abundance in the

united states, not energy independence. to control e enough the price of a barrel of oil. that's the middle east. saudi arabia o be and/or iran and/or iraq depending on understand what in countries in the tpaoutder and what happens with things like sanctions. have a policy and a strategy that recognizes. great there is a opportunity to help china in that regard in the long run. economic relationship with china we don't need to get into a fight with china. mean it won't happen. but that shouldn't be the objective. really the focus is important. brand new leader in china. brand new leader in south korea. leader or second time japan.leader in and it's very, very sense. -- it's ry worrisome very worrisome and we need to stay engaged. s we isolate out of war which is normal for us as a country, i

careful need to be very about what we isolate ourselves from. out there expectation hat the united states lead and whether someone loves us or hates us they have that expectation. thingse not meeting that are changing and i don't know hat we can predict what the outcome will be except generally worse than it's been depending what region of the world you're talking about. >> i think that's such an important message because there se kraoet saoet where we would like to effect us and not to focus. we just kind of liberate ourselves from that and friend of ours wrote, we may in the middle east but the middle east is not losing interest in us. it's a message people don't want

has ar because it implications of doing certain but i think it's an important message for the country. repeat a couple of the questions and then we'll take questions? pete's got questions from irtual watchers around the country and then we'll take questions from real people here. them they would. only a couple and then we'll open it up for sure. chairman, the first is from robert from texas. he's active military down in texas. we've got an issue when the congress continues to buy tanks that the armory argcargo planes that they send to the bone yard. the armed forces assert themselves on what is needed on spending reforms. > one of the things that i

was you talk about acquisition reform. --ould fill this room >> or you could empty this room by talking about for 2 or 3 hours. lot of money and i don't have an answer. spend a lot of my life in the money and program world. it's incredibly difficult. i think it has to be done in congress. services have a great and to ical part with respect that as well. my own view is that we make much more expensive because requirements creep over time. on the faith of it saying let's just detach a ongresswoman orman from their constituent is a pipe dream. have seen it with persistent pressure over time and those would argue it takes too long and it does. keep that have to

ressure on in terms of m one tanks or cargo planes or -seventeens where we had great arguments -- debate about how many do we need. you need to go through all that. if we could accelerate that process, that would be good. i think it would make everybody -- put everybody in a better place. ut you can't disregard who we are as a country which that lack of representative represents their district and they'll represent them. >> absolutely. mc cain called it the military congressional complex which it can be. point on reform, if that significances reform is difficult, the spending mentioned ou others.ents and

you got to please your own backyard before you go to others. most tangible ways told attempt to find the way cut the fat the point isn't budget but d.o.d. getting rid of inefficiencies. about something like auditing the pentagon. what are tangible groups can take? >> i think the biggest inside the pentagon that they're really things. one is that the overhead is just grown enormously. order of it's about twice what it was 10 or 20 years ago. i can't remember exactly what date was. we need to reduce that. just too easy to cut tooth. o that's where people end up going. we need to be -- getting at the piece is very, very hard. there are twice as many the penal rking in

pentagon as there were 10 or 20 years ago. can't get at that what happens is we just cut the size force. fully 50-60% of the funds are tied up in the people. to make changes you got to go where the money is and the money is there. the force will get a little smaller. i don't know how small. acrosshope it isn't just the board and everybody take the because we need to ustomize our force for the world we're living in and learn and essons of these wars not incorporate them into the future. we have a bad history in this ignoring the lessons and just moving forward and then again.ng all over so we need to -- what translates to the future and what doesn't. technology and how many people what are the any ilities, does it have relevance.

we thought it didn't have any relevance in these wars until it went down downtown baghdad and then it was pretty relevant. easy answer here. but i'd start with the overhead. and i worked on these efficients. the system revolts when you do that. story, gordon england came in and i was the budget 2001.r for the navy in he said we'll cut 10,000 navy.ans out of the i took the money out and three down one r we were civilian. because there are senior civilians who have worked there their whole life and they the system and they're great people. but it's how do you get at kind of problem. tough.ery, very

push >> my question is there's been s been much written recently about a coming war between the active force in the national guard and reserves. the national guard reserves spent 27% of the dod budget and 40% of deployment days. what do you think is ahead of this battle between the reserve force and the active-duty with fewer resources? and how do you think they're reserve forces are going to fare? >> i had no preparation for dealing with the national guard and reserve and active forces but actually having handled the marine corps money and aviation, -- it is all about money in the end. i had some background in this and i worked hard as chairman to

bring these groups together and bring the leaders together routinely. i was really disturbed in a story that i saw on the 17th of december that was talking about airplanes, not surprisingly. i think leaders in all organizations, active guard and reserve, have to figure out what the future holds. i worry a great deal about hanging onto the past. eventually, you going to do yourself in. as money gets tighter, i worry a great deal about that fight separating the services. congress --ed in and back to my navy and marine corps piece, i didn't want congress solving that problem for me. i wanted to solve it and eventually the head of the navy with jim conway who i work for -- the other thing is when we do that constantly, we are just training our kids.

when they grow up, they don't know any other behavior. it perpetuates itself. there is a rich history here. i think the answer that is more efficient is overstated. we would be nowhere in these wars without the guard and reserve. they have been incredible. their rotations have been more than they expected. at the same time i think it is going to slow down. the leadership has to focus on this. spokesmen from the past saying this is the answer. i think everybody has got to be all in to solve these difficult budget issues as opposed to creating great fishers -- fissures inside a service or between the army and the guard because if you do that, those that actually get to solve the andlem, they write a check nobody wins.

john? admiral for your remarks. going back to your original topic about the budget, my question is twofold. was sequestration a good or bad idea? influx ofth the people on medicaid under the affordable care act, can we say that the affordable care act, obamacare, is actually enhancing the entitlements that you say should be reformed? >> i am not smart enough on the actually, onend of the areas i stay out of his obamacare. [laughter] one, i am not very smart on it. i have read a lot about it --

secondly, we are just finding out in execution what it really is. i think predicting what the impact will be in terms of health care for those men and women in service and those who have retired, i just don't know. that said, back to my experience in the budget world, the numbers as i recall, the amount of money in the dod budget in 2001 for health care was $19 billion. was $51 i think it billion. it is going to $65 billion, the last number i had, in 2015. it is not sustainable. i used to say we were going to have a healthy, small force. it just keeps going through the roof. testified and supported an increase in co-pays for years. in terms of those who could afford it, we could test that but we need to do that. we are just trading off the size

of our force. we are trading off the capabilities of our force for billions of dollars of health care. it is good health care, i am not arguing that. how that fits into where we are going as a country other than costs continue to rise, i am not sure. as you said that, the silver lining of sequestration was that spending was reduced. i hated it. i know what that does inside a service in terms of the impact. people, the green eye shade men and women start pulling back money far before anybody really knows it. they don't have any kind of certain outcome. they don't know where we are going. so yes, we have a budget now, a

budget agreement where there isn't going to be sequestration for a year i think, but i can tell you inside the services and the pentagon, nobody knows where this is going. our budget that is over there budget based on the 2014 which was based on a continuing resolution from fiscal year 2000 well with no certainty. plan more trying to than 12 months in advance, you have nothing to plan against. the downside of that in terms of uncertainty was just incredible. the other thing -- i do worry about this and i would be interested in your view -- after every war, we lose really good people. i worry a great deal about sergeants best young and junior officers after these wars. particularly as the economy improves, they are going to leave. we can't afford to do that. we need to keep the best that we

have in the military, not just numbers but qualities have got to be there. went intoion execution -- we were halfway through the fiscal year. where -- you have to go to where the money is. where do you get it? you take it out of training. you're not flying airplanes, driving ships or running up tank miles in training and these .o.'s areis -- j saying, this -- they can't maintain their systems and that is the easiest place to get money. it has a retention impact that i think we don't really understand. i am not a fan of sequestration. getting our arms around somehow reducing the spending was important. about thisome thing

is there were extremes from both parties that met on the other side and found common ground to put that in effect. isn't the bipartisan approach that i grew up with. it needs to be on this side, the more reason side of the world not the extreme side. is, thense on that defense department didn't do as good a job. how much damage it was doing operationally -- you could take $20 billion out of the budget but to do it in the incredibly arbitrary way that sequestration did, unless you were an insider, you didn't understand it. i got a little understanding talking to people in the pentagon on that. say, easy to sit there and

let's just cut some of the fat but that is not how it works. >> the mechanisms and how we spend money are arcane. you lose interest. and about the third sentence you're trying to explain this to somebody, they are not interested. the real impact is on people's lives. >> over here? young lady there ? morning, i am the executive director of a foundation which is dedicated to bridging civilian-military divides. i have a question for admiral mullen about the balance of philanthropy in government and what some of the challenges are to that. we find in the work that we do to leverage the full spectrum of resources across the country, it typically takes us anywhere between five to 10 organizations to cover one family.

you talk a lot about that sea of goodwill. i am wondering how you see that balance play out. about america moving away from those who served because the war is over. i do see this sea of goodwill filled with great americans who want organizations in local governments throughout the country that want to figure out how to do this. we have got tens of thousands of these organizations chasing the same dollar. we need to consolidate efforts. that is hard. passionate people about their organization have to figure out how to either incorporate other leaders from other organizations that are focused in the same way so that we can reduce the overall overhead with respect to and have an impact of the dollars that are out there.

once you get into philanthropy a little bit, there is a lot of it. there are a lot of causes. how does the veterans' piece of this fit in? the colonel that used to work for me started the dixon center here in town. he is focused on these kinds of issues. i don't think there is anybody in the country that knows more about this space then he does per se. it is that consolidation that we see. i will give you a specific example. we convened a group that focused on scholarships for kids, for military kids. 30 or 40e organizations there. there were some organizations that couldn't figure out how to get a scholarship. there were some organizations that had nothing but fellowships and didn't have the money to get it. of these people. how do we get them to work together? that was the idea.

you can do that in education, health care, employment, all of those kind of things. -- i think leaders in the community and these charitable organizations need to figure out how to help us get to some consolidated level. thank you -- >> this is jane. -- is a gold star [applause] thanksain, i want to say for all the sacrifice that you and your husband made for our country. i promised you before that we will never ever forget. >> thank you. >> now ask me an easy question. [laughter]

>> that means the world to me and thank you for your support of the goldstar community. admiral mullen came to my husband's burial at arlington. one of my favorite things that you read about is the civilian military divide. as a war widow, it has been something that has been very close to me, trying to relate to -- civilian can't relate to any of us and there is a huge divide. i want to ask you as the war think --a end, how you it has got me a little emotional here, i apologize -- how do you think we can close that divide? >> mama the things that i wasned as a senior officer about our culture. the reason what jane is doing and others who are working to support goldstar families is because i found that our culture

is a culture of, if you are here, we love you. onyou are not, please carry whatever it is. the best and worst example of that were goldstar families. my wife in particular the would families --ldstar and i would as well -- found that the support for them was stunningly thin. wasmain line of connection the military member who had passed away. we have tried to keep focus on that and jane and others have now put themselves in positions to remind us to make sure that we don't ever forget those who paid that baltimore -- ultimate sacrifice. a -- i am a vietnam vet so i grew up in a draft.

i remember all of that and how bad it was to be disconnected from the country in terms of being politically blamed for the , the quality of the force was almost not comparable. compared to the quality of the force we have today, it is night and day. all volunteer. people -- we are out of neighborhoods. we are not teaching in schools. we are not coaching teams. people in the northeast don't know us anymore. there is a good reason that we did that but that is overhead i think you have to pay as opposed to becoming more isolated. wars, i get to these worry that america has paid us very well, the compensation is very good, please go off and

fight our dirty little wars and let us get on with our lives. one of the lessons i have learned is, we need to figure out a way to get americans to buy into those, into them. i don't know. i don't have an answer for that. i am not a fan of going back to a draft but i am a fan of creating national service for every 18-24-year-old for two years because i just haven't that hasn'tear-old benefited from that kind of service and commitment. then they can get on with their lives. i like the effects of the draft meaning it affects everybody. i would like to keep the quality up and that is a challenge. is a real inflection point in terms of how we do that in the future. i think the outcome of the military becoming more and more isolated from the american people is a disaster for america. >> on that note, since we are out of time, i think it is

appropriate to let jane have the last question. one reason we have been pleased to partner is precisely out of this concern. they are not active-duty anymore. trying -- i being , i think you're doing a great job of trying to tie together what has become a worrisome divide between those who serve and have served and the rest of us who observe from afar. i want to thank you so much for taking the time to be here. [applause] thank you all for coming. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

>> c-span, we bring public affairs evidence from washington directly to you, putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house advance, briefings and conferences and offering complete gavel-to-gavel coverage of the u.s. house all as a public service of private industry. we are c-span, created by the cable tv industry 34 years ago

and funded by your local cable or satellite provider. now, you can watch us in hd. with threenversation award-winning editorial cartoonists on what influences their work and their thoughts on the future of editorial cartooning. from the atlanta press club, this is an hour and 15 minutes. >> good evening. i am tom watkins, treasurer of the atlantic press club. thank you for coming to, drawing the news. the atlanta press club is one of the largest and most active press clubs in the world. if you are not already a member, we encourage you to join. we have some great programs coming up. we will host a newsmaker lunch on september 17 and be sure to

join us on october 8 for the 2013 hall of fame dinner. for more information on the atlanta press club, visit our website at www .atlantapressclub.org. we are pleased to have three cartoonists in an ever shrinking universe of cartoonists joining us tonight. winnings the award- editorial cartoonist for the economist magazine of london and the baltimore sun. in a career that spans more than 35 years, he created more than 8000 cartoons and 140 magazine covers. his resume includes six collections of public work -- published work and exhibitions in six countries. is the pulitzer prize- winning editorial cartoonist for the atlanta journal- constitution. he began his cartooning career

in 1984 and joined the constitution in 1989. his work also appears in "time" and "the new york times." rick mcgee has been the editorial cartoonist for "the augusta chronicle" and he started in another capacity years before. his cartoons are syndicated more than 400 newspapers across america. rick has won numerous awards for his cartoons including first place for editorial cartooning in the georgia press association's contest. what we're going to do is ask a bunch of questions. i will start off with a couple and please, formulate your own. we will pick the brains of people who are able to look at world events and distill them to simple pictures and make us laugh or have an epiphany or

think deep thoughts. rickjust want to know -- didn't get a microphone. i think he deserves one. [laughter] i guess he gets the little one. >> there is an extra. ok. first off, you are talking to the press club which has endured amitter feud years and i wondering if you can all comment about the current state of editorial cartooning. has it parallel that of newspapering or has it been spared? >> i will start with that one. i think the cartoonists have

maybe been hit harder than the newspaper industry has been suffering over the years. thearge part because as bean counters and businessmen are making lots of hiring and firing decisions in newspapers, they look down at a cartoonist and say, what does this guy really bring to the value of the paper? the journalists know the value that a cartoonist can bring. we see it both in the work of rick and mike that the powerful attachment that the local community gets to the cartoonist. the special power that it can do to affect both the public getting thet also full and upright attention of politicians which is part of the job of a free press. cartoonists have been laid off at a rapider rate. we have found that maybe the numbers are kind of loose but people said maybe funny five

years ago we are hovering in the 200 -- 25 years ago we are hovering in the 200s range. it is likely that when a newspaper loses a cartoonist, they are never going to rehire one. i am an example of that. i was a 17 year cartoonist for "the baltimore sun" during a contraction about six years ago i was offered a buyout. i took it because i saw the writing on the wall. but then they invited me to come back. it has been a little like that. you know, newspapers of course have contracted. it is a case-by-case situation. there are some cartoonists that are in better shape maybe than others.

the ajc now is doing well. a few years ago, things were great. 2004, 2005, newspapers were doing fabulously well. now they have to be leaner. have -- if the people that own your people -- on your paper value the thatons, i think cartoonists are in a pretty good position. there are few people who have been hired in the last couple of months. i am hoping -- i know my paper has beefed up its coverage. it has added an opinion section. can hoping that maybe we turn it around a little bit.

maybe that is wishful thinking. >> ok, as the internet helped or cartooningsiness of and the artistry of cartooning? >> shall i take this one? just like all media, i think the internet has initially hurt newspapers because people thought they could get everything for free. so that is stabilizing. it has been a good thing in that our work has a much wider viewership than it used to. it used to be, your hometown and if you were syndicated in other newspapers, people in those towns. now, everyone has the ability to look at your cartoons. my stuff is on facebook and twitter and i don't know that much about all that stuff but i don't that my cartoons go on there. people are seeing them. i think that is a good thing.

say. is hard to there are a lot more internet are nottoonists who necessarily professional, they are not paid staffers. now, with the advent of photoshop, anybody can go out there and whip something out. there is a lot more political opinion. just not many people are making money on it. >> there is another interesting byproduct of the web and the way it has helped the world of cartoonists. this is mostly internationally. you see three guys up here. whenever you get cartoonists together and ask them all, how did you get into this business, everyone has got a different story. there is no conventional way to become a professional cartoonist. there are no schools or graduate degrees in becoming a cartoonist. we in the united states have a rich tradition of satire that

goes back several centuries. other countries that are emerging democracies do not have that same sort of background to and upon when our tennis newspapers are looking to emulate what we do here. what happens is, cartoonists around the world are watching cartoonists here. you are seeing a very quick and rapid development of cartooning in countries like india and brazil, countries where the press is growing. while in many places in the west, they are shrinking. the cartoonists are learning at a faster pace than we could have. thes actually accelerating growth of cartoons in other parts of the world. >> i hope you have some questions. i have one more. what should cartooning do? what do you hope to accomplish?

>> give me the tough one. at its best, cartoons i think, they should just make the readers think. are lots of different ways we employ that. a lot of cartoons use humor. i know that if i have challenged my readers to think about an issue differently, maybe one they may not agree with, then i have a compass to my mission. -- accomplished my mission. idealistic about cartooning. i feel like we are perfecting our union and i am trying to make people think and i am trying to show what i believe is not right out there. there is a lot that is not right right now. they say that bad news is good

for cartoonists because it gives us a lot of fodder but i would rather work harder and have less bad news and no we were going in the right direction. i think we are not going in the right direction right now. it is a real- like calling for me to get my opinions out there. >> all of the things they said are absolutely right. one of the interesting things i think about how cartoonists in contrast to any other member of the journalism school has the ability to penetrate a society. each cartoon is a sentence. they're pretty simple, straightforward. we try to get a point across and a sustained way. thosehe course of a week, sentences form a paragraph. you are basically having a long- term conversation with your

readers. humor, because we use pictures, we have an interesting way to reside in a special part of the brain. people approach us open-minded because they think there is half a chance they are going to laugh. we engage in a very personal relationship with these people. over time, this ability to both reside in somebody's brain and make them think about subjects that they may have fixed ideas about, maybe rethink them a little bit. sometimes, awaken them to stories they need to know about. in some ways -- i am bowed his unlike miss america here, we want to make the world a better place. [laughter] we are trying to do it in our unique medium. questions? yes? >> for those of us not had a you give us a

rundown of the process? >> what is interesting about that question, that is the same type of question that i like to ask all other cartoonists. every single person has got a different deal. we are as different as comedians. woody allen and chris rock are very different. all cartoonists are very different both in personality, approach to the news and style. i can't wait to hear what these guys have to say. >> what was the question again? -- my cartoons standalone from the articles. i have a great situation. although my editor says i have to start getting an earlier so i now get in at noon. [laughter] the first thing i do is have lunch and after lunch, to the

untrained eye it doesn't look like i am doing anything because i am just sort of sitting there. i am on ebay or listening to funk music on itunes or just goofing off but i am sort of looking at topics too. around 3:00, i start to get nervous because i have been procrastinating all day from noon to 3:00. i start to get nervous so that is when i start coming up with ideas. usually my first couple of ideas suck and i bring them out and show them to somebody and they are happy to tell me they suck. i appreciate the honesty. so that makes me get my adrenaline going and i want to come up with something to show this person that i am not a complete failure. i come up with something better and i just keep doing that. so my day starts out with procrastination and ends in panic every single day. right at my deadline at 5:30, i have to draw a really quick so i

don't pencil anything in when i draw. i just think right on the drawing. you can see whiteout on my hands. and going as fast as i can -- so that is how my day goes. [laughter] >> wow/ . my cartoons are standalone as well. i am in the office with the other editorial writers. syriam doing a cartoon on , we might run them together. it just sort of happens. my day starts at 9:30. i know, i know. i come in a little earlier but i also look like i'm not doing anything when i really am. i hope to have my sketch done by lunchtime. it has to go through the approval process.

i do a different way of thinking. i have a lightbox that i put my sketch underneath and then i ink right on top of the paper. with the sketch to guide me. in, hopefully i have thinking done by about 3:30, and i start to do color. i do them in color every day. hopefully by about 5:30 or 6:00, i have the color version done. that is my day. >> do you assign yourselves or does somebody say, mike, we want a cartoon on syria? --for me, no, they don't say my editor likes to suggest ideas sometimes and sometimes i listen to them but most of the time i don't. i pretty much do whatever i want to draw. >> i don't even go to meetings. it is the most incredible thing.

i won't see my editor all day. i sit in my office and no one bugs me the entire day. until i come out of there and show my rough, they don't tell me what to do. i have got such a great situation. >> largely, the freedom that each of these fellows here have is because they have built up a reputation that they will deliver. one of the things about our business, we work on very tight deadlines. we are creating art and satire on a deadline and it requires a lot of different skill sets. it requires the skills of being a journalist come in keeping up with what is going on in the news, and being a colonist. i think -- columnist. i think that is the way people should regard us. be satire rests --

satirists with our work. lastly, we are artists. we are using pictures to deliver our satiric comedy. each cartoon has a different kind of energy. i kind of where two hats because i work for an international location and a daily. now i am just doing one cartoon a week for them. i am going to tell my story backwards. i use a very old-fashioned english style pen and it takes me three hours just to apply the ink. [laughter] scratch a muskrat, dip pen, scratch, scratch. if the deadline is 7:00, i have that done by 4:00. then you have the coming up with the idea which as mike points

out, everyone finds a way of getting to their ideas in a different fashion. sometimes they do come quickly but other times, you go through a lot of processes. much an eightty to 10 hour day but i think this is another additional point that i would like to make. it is about the freedom we are given. with all freedom comes responsibility. what i admire about my peers who do this really well on a daily cartoonsmanaging to do on thee apt and right news and not sexist and not racist and powerful and funny. it is all of these things that we have to mix when we are choosing our cartoons. >> for the next question, would you mind going to the microphone? i forgot --

i was on the editorial board and i can vouch for mike's work ethic. [laughter] what i am going to ask all of , i but my particularly wonder if there has been any one drewcular cartoon you ever that you were just flabbergasted at the response and you thought it was really misinterpreted? it would be fun to know a specific example. >> first of all, i think often when there are cartoon controversies, one reason is that the symbolism overtakes the idea that you are trying to get across. people don't understand what you're trying to say. i did one one a few years ago

when we were in a rack -- iraq and america was starting to understand what we were actually torturing people. i thought, that is what our enemies do. i thought about it and i realized after i did the cartoon and it ran, that the symbolism was too strong. i drew two coded figures -- hooded figures. one was an american holding a whip and the other was an al qaeda member with a serrated knife. torturer is holding a book called "torture advocate" and he is telling the al qaeda guy, here is the right way to do it. four,page 13, paragraph .ine two

it wasn't a particularly great cartoon. peopletoon ran and always think that everything with a newspaper is a big controversy or a big sinister thing, conspiracy. what happened is my cartoon ran but on the opinion page, there was a black-and-white photo of two american servicemen that had been beheaded by al qaeda. the combination -- people went nuts. where people point really hadn't processed that we were actually torturing. people were still denying that we were. abel started complaining and it just became a big thing. in oursecurity neighborhood because i was getting death threats. and then they wanted me to be on fox news.

the bill o'reilly show. i begged my editor. i said, please can i go on? i can explain this. -- she thought it would be misinterpreted or i would do something stupid. she didn't let me go on so they did the most nasty one-sided thing. it just got really ugly. it all started dying down but which is the big car dealership here, they took out a full-page ad with a letter from the president saying -- president of rbm saying we have the freedom to do what we want but this cartoon was way beyond. it just generated all the crap again. i was so glad when that was over. i don't know if it has been the same thing where the symbolism overrides the idea. >> what i run into is that as

well, but also we do so many cartoons that are considered , it is when you have to switch gears and do something very serious like when somebody dies, obituary cartoons are some of the hardest institute. you want to be -- hardest things to do. you want to be respectful and everybody expects you to crack a joke. that is the worst thing, being misunderstood. mine was a local cartoon that you wouldn't know about, but it was about a local school. it was misunderstood and we ran letters for four days. i haven't gotten any death threats yet. [laughter] i am still holding out for some. situation that was sort of along the lines of what happened with mike. was i think ins the mid-2000's when the israeli government under ariel sharon

had a policy of bulldozing homes of palestinian terrorist family members. actually, it must have been earlier. bushs during the administration and many allies thought this was an and advised policy -- an ill advised policy. i was doing a cartoon that was basically -- also, bush was trying to tell sharon, don't do this. he was doing whatever he wanted to do. it was a cartoon where we had arafat as a cat being chased by a big bulldog who was sharon. he was pulling through the air george bush who was saying, good boy, said, stay. the cartoon i thought was fair comment under the circumstances. somewhere between the time i finished the cartoon and the next morning's paper, a terrorist bomb attack in tel aviv killed about 80 people.

the next morning, all of the images were of this carnage and then people turn to the editorial page and see a cartoon of me blaming sharon. i became the hot button on all of the talk shows. it also was revealed that two weeks later i was slated to give a talk at a library outside baltimore in the heart of the jewish community. was going to be a focal point of a lot of protest. the library contacted me and said they were getting all sorts of threats. i said, look, you can do whatever you like but i think that in the united states if we can't have a civil discussion in a library, where else can you do it in the rest of the world? we got a lot of security, went down there and it was mayhem, chaos.

people wanted to shut the whole thing down. butas a misunderstanding, it just cuts to raw nerve. anyway, the room is about the size, packed to the gills and i give my presentation and i told everyone we were going to be addressing the issue that everyone wanted to hear. so i go through the slides of cartoons of controversy that have been done over the years. as you imagine, it was like a bad movie where people start passing out. it was really something else. i said, look, everyone who has something to say is going to have an opportunity to say it and i will stay here until next week if required to make sure i hear all those voices. it did a wonderful thing but to let the air out of the bag and let the air out of the room. something that is very

special in our society. we can vent, we can say these things. it turned out to be a really great exercise in democracy. >> have you found yourself being more careful since then about cartoons related to israel? >> no. partly because that cartoon, you could see the misunderstanding, but we are all of course aware of what happened with the danish cartoonist. us who haves like been in the game for a long time, we know there are landmines and that you have to be careful about how you manage your weight. -- manage your way. abortion in the united states, guns, race. in other countries, they have their own red lines that they have to be aware of. what a cartoonist could get away with in san francisco might be different from alabama. you have to understand who your audience is and be able to work

with that. also, it is often not what you say, it is how you say it that gets you in trouble. -- i don'tactually think there is any subject that is off bounds, it is just a matter of finding the best way to do an effective cartoon. >> i think some of the cartoonists who get in the most trouble are these guys who were rushing out, trying to be first rather than trying to give a little bit of thought. we had some instances of that where you try to give a little bit of time between an event and a cartoon. i think that goes along way towards avoiding some of that controversy. >> each of our guests now is going to share some of their favorite cartoons. you --'t we start with your ego. -- here we go.

>> do i get a clicker? can i stand up and walk around? all right, great. thank you very much. by the way, this is huge fun for us. this is my first cartoon, a very important cartoon. [laughter] i thought it was really important to show this. this is a really important cartoon because it has got abraham lincoln, the gettysburg address. this cartoon inspired a feature- length motion picture starring daniel day-lewis. this cartoon. [laughter] here is the thing i think is interesting about it. i did this at age six. everybody is drawing at age six. but somewhere between six and 12, most people drop off. it is the idea of trying to capture reality with lines, whether using crayon or pencil. for cartoonists, we stay six- year-olds for the rest of our lives. it is also this notion of how brains work to try to be able to

capture things in lines. so, as we mentioned over the years i have done 140 covers for different magazines. i have a few covers i want to show you here. each of these have interesting stories behind them. here is a story about this. 1998,ght remember back in we were economically booming. we were no longer getting deficits. this was the lead up to the state of the union address. "the economist" was doing a cover story about how bill clinton who wanted to spend lots of money was now having a budget surplus. going into the state of the union address, it was like a kid in a candy shop. i did this cartoon. with all of these gals showing these suites. we knew also that he had a big sweet tooth and loved mcdonald's

and all that. we go to press on a wednesday. wednesday at noon, the monica lewinsky story breaks. [laughter] so they scrapped the lead editorial. now they are going to talk about all this womanizing. they look at my cartoon and say, we are going to use that cartoon. [laughter] i thought that was really great. next. the next cartoons are stories about what it is like for a cartoonist before the internet and after the internet. , way back when mikael gorbachev first came onto union,ne in the soviet he was a new kind of russian leader, every young and hip. i was working in the u.k. at the time. i said, i have got a great idea. how about if we turn mikael gorbachev into this new

character that has just been launched? you might have heard of it, miami vice. how about if we do miami vice? the problem was, before the internet, how do i get pictures of miami vice? there were no pictures. how can i draw a miami vice picture? my wife and i went shopping, went down to the stores and did our best to kick me out in -- stone out in close a miami vice and i modeled for that drawing. that wasn't my car but that was my outfit. this was the most expensive cover i have ever had to make. next. , i am going to show you some black-and-white ones here featuring uncle sam because he is also a great cartoon character. we have kind of brought him into the vocabulary of the united

states and the world. this is one of my favorites. what foreign enemies think americans are looking for. world control. what americans are really looking for, remote control. when i came back from abroad, i realized that this was very accurate. this cartoon i did, i had just come back from cuba where i was part of a delegation. this was in 1999. i came back and did this cartoon. there is fidel and uncle sam is saying, people of cuba, why stick with that dictator idiot castro? next. >>, we are missing one. i will rid the rest of it. why stick with that idiot castro when you can freely elect your idiots like we do? ,he thing about this is

everybody can be good cartoon fodder whether you are democrat or a dictator. >> this cart -- next. this cartoon has been reproduced around the world many times. let me read it to you. it is about the stock market. just a normal day at the nation's most important financial institution. a guy there says, i have got a stock here that could really excel. really excel? cell. cell. ll.-sek sell, and the guy says, this is madness, i can't take this anymore. goodbye. buy, buy, buy, buy. up,cartoon gets picked starts being reprinted around the world and then i start

getting phone calls from stockbrokers. from south america, australia, they say two things. first, they say they want a copy of the cartoon. second, they say that is exactly how it is. [laughter] seriously. stockbroker from hong kong wanted one the size that you see there put on the wall in their lobby. so we had to send them one. next. this is an interesting cartoon. we were talking earlier about the value that cartoons bring. this is a cartoon, a local cartoon in baltimore, and one of the things when we are doing cartoons, we have to wear many hats. we have to do local cartoons, stay cartoons, national cartoons and international cartoons.

we are probably the only person in the newspaper who has that full responsibility. the local cartoons get people's real attention. the local politicians whether it is a mayor or city alterman or governor, we are it when it comes to satirizing them. they watch us like hawks. the cartoons can actually have real power. here is the case in point. 20 years ago, this cartoon took place. it is about an area in baltimore called the block. it was a red light district that was causing trouble for the then mayor. he was going to do a policy that he wanted to get rid of it by doing some severe zoning laws. he thought that he could just close the whole thing down. i and others thought this would be ill advised because if you just close it down there, it is going to open up in other places. is best way to approach it another way. i did this cartoon. it kind of makes sense.

you have the block here and he explodes at and says, it is gone at last. and then little blocks drop down all over the place. well, the mayor, about one year ago, wrote an essay in "the baltimore sun" to say that this cartoon changed his mind about policy. it was a cartoon where he was -- he hadne direction proposed the legislation to city council -- he with drew it after he saw this cartoon. he was brave enough because he was no longer in politics to be able to say a cartoon helped change his mind about things. there are probably times that cartoonists affect politicians in ways that we will never hear because no politician who is worth his salt will ever admit that a cartoon changed their mind. it probably happens more often than we know. next.

thiscartoon, i finished last night at 4:30 in the morning. here we go. we have afghanistan where uncle sam is about ready to crack. look what happens here, he is chased out by the d's. by the bees.mp -- id now he goes to iraq. now look at the beehive with syria. uncle sam is may be thinking a little bit more carefully. my deadline is thursday morning at 4:00 and at 4:30 in the morning, this arrived. next. this cartoon takes place in heaven. hello, lord almighty's office? michael the archangel speaking, may i help you? it is john paul ii on the line. again? this worried about ordaining women as priests.

but i have or what he told him what i think, tell him i am busy. i am sorry, she is busy right now. [laughter] even when you deal with a tricky subject like religion, if you treat them right they can be effective. >> in a few moments, a discussion of terrorist threats to the winter olympic sin russia. hour,ittle more than an retired admiral mike mullen talks about how the debt affect national security. after that, the swearing-in of new jersey governor chris christie. >> did i feel prepared? yes. first of all, i wasn't elected so it didn't make that much difference. i did notice the difference between being the vice president's wife and the president's wife is huge. the vice president's wife can say anything. nobody cares. the minute you say one thing at the president's wife, you have

made the news. that was a lesson i had to learn. >> watch our program on first ush at ourra b website or see it saturday on c- span at 7:00 p.m. eastern. on monday, our series continues with first lady hillary clinton. a couple of pictures of the lack would've terror so's >> -- a couple of pictures of the black widow suspects. upt,