for your insightful testimony this morning. as you can imagine, offense and iraq are particularly difficult to hear about in light of the heroic sacrifices american heroes and the billions and billions of dollars of taxpayer money expended in this region, and you acknowledge that but i would ask you to speak to the difference of events. it seemed that the turnaround was quick, fairly effective, and that is not the case and fallujah. would you speak a little bit about why that is in the extent of coordination between the tribal fighters, the iraqi government, and resource allocations between these two cities and any other factors contributing to different outcomes were different strategies. >> fallujah has been the most hardened part of the insurgency

when we were fighting it and it is just a different environment. if you look at the protest movement over 2013, they remain moderate tone focused on legitimate grievances of the community. the protests in the fallujah taking place every friday were far more militant, far more extremist. it is just a different like different cultures and attitudes. >> if i could just follow up on congressman deutsch's question, you said most of the foreign fighters were syrian? had come inighters to syria from the greater region thomas jihadist minded people had come in. theeo speak about what and presidents

assad. do they understand that why allowing these flyovers and potentially strengthening our programming -- prolonging of the regime, they are undermining their ability to take back their own country from the same extremists? connection? that what is the difference between and assad regime? >> there is no love lost with bashar al-assad. he was calling for him to be brought to a criminal court taste upon bombings that happened in august 2009 that they blamed on the syrian regime. they signed on to the geneva communiqué practicing there will be a transition without charlotte all assad. i will be perfectly candid. when we explained assad remaining in power is a magnet for terrorists coming into iraq, that is a train of logic that

many officials do not agree with frankly. they agree that if assad left, the regime would collapse and make the problem worse. do,ng the same picture we we believe very strongly in the secretary has said a number of times that bashar al-assad in power is a magnet for these foreign fighters coming into syria to fight the jihad. until he's removed from power, we will be in this very vicious cycle which will have pernicious effects on all of the syrian neighbors -- iraq emma lebanon, and jordan. >> what tools do we have in our disposal that it is the case? we will be left in a position where they will continue to implicitly or explicitly support the assad regime's with a flyover or other efforts. candid.d to be particularly heading up to the election, they will be increasingly focused inward on

their internal issues and internal politics. that after those elections with the new government, we will work with that government to really get at those problems. >> that leads to my final question. president maliki and iraq leaders in general that the responsibility to defend their country is their theirsibility and that expectations should not be that the united states will fulfill that responsibility? after a very long commitment, they will have to take this responsibility of defending their country and doing the hard work of bringing .tability to their own country >> when general austin was in iraq last weekend i was in those meetings with him and iraq you leaders, they all stressed four or five points. they want all of our support to be under this permanent

foundation meeting institutional, military the military. they want training support and they were talking about doing training in jordan or the region. they want intelligence support and they want to let us know when they feel they need weapons or systems that we can help them supply. and also wanted device recommendations on how to actually plan effect really. to be in theant us lead of this fight. it is their fight. >> i yelled out. >> the gentleman from rhode island yields back. you for coming in. i appreciate your service to the country and dealing with these very tough issues. very happyly not with what's happening and i've been very clear that i thought the withdrawal was one of the thatst stakes historically will be shown the united states has made in modern foreign policy. i expressed concern with that. it is not directed at you but the decision of the

administration. i am an air force pilot and i served in iraq and number of times and i remember in twocally going there thousand eight, watching the environment and seeing people hunkering down. there was still a threat of terrorism. our member seeing in iraq that and theyd around thought they were serving a purpose there. they brought freedom. kids were out playing soccer even though most of the operations were conducted against iranian assets. iran is known to be responsible for directly or indirectly the death of about half of the americans including efp's. weight want to mention that are now negotiating with iran in terms of giving them their .bility to enrich uranium another concern i had, i was getting ready to fly a mission into afghanistan back a few

years ago when i heard the senate majority leader from the other side of this building say that the war in iraq was lost. he still has his powerful position, but he very quickly said the war in iraq is lost it is time to withdraw the troops and president bush made the brave decision to not only not actually surge in more troops and we saw a great deal of success. the reason it's important to revisit is not to beat the dead horse but get ready to face the same kind of decisions in afghanistan. are we a country tired of war and after deal with the shameful thing in fallujah in the equivalent in afghanistan? or will be learned lessons from the past. it's very important to learn those lessons. i have a couple of quick questions. they used to be a policy that anywhere al qaeda exists, they should know there is no safe haven. president bush said there was no

safe haven for terrorists. we see in iraq right now, in essence they appear to be somewhat safe and hopefully they can push against them. we see the same type of situation in syria. a change in the administration from the bush policy of no safe haven and now we accept safe haven because we just lost the political will to do anything? or is it still the bush policy of no safe haven for al qaeda? first, congressman, thank you for your service. particularly now, everyone who has served there, it's time for us to have a constant, ongoing dialogue because we can bring our relationships to bear at this very important moment. in working with the iraqis in terms of intelligence support and as i mentioned in my testimony, we are confident that iraq will deny al qaeda safe

havens in western iraq. one reason we believe we saw the convoys moving into fallujah is because the iraqis started hitting their camps and safe havens in the remote regions of western iraq. i'm confident particularly as the missiles develop even more ability to deploy them and also with the apache helicopters in the other things they are able to do with their iraqi partners that they will not have the safe haven in those areas and that's one reason they are moving into urban areas. >> i have called for him believe that the united states should help the iraqi government in a limited way using air power to take out these safe havens because this congress, this house, has passed a use of force agreement that a sickly says, i attack al qaeda. we have the responsibility to do

that. that man rescue another brief question. dismantling what they decide as an advanced al qaeda plot within their borders. there is this strategy and a near war grand strategy. moving them in in the far threat would be in the u.s. homeland. do you believe the situation we are seeing and that it is the qi toof eight q why -- a wanton attack on the american homeland? >> my file is iraq sewing focused on iraq. iraq has huge implications for the homeland. >> al qaeda is a real threat. it threatens our interests through the region. >> again, thank you for your service. i appreciate it. the chair now recognizes mr. vargas for five minutes. very much, mr.

chair. i appreciate it. for most americans trying to it'sscore at home, becoming very difficult to understand the situation and i think a lot of the nations are becoming somewhat confused and complex between iran, iraq, syria. it's all running together in the issue of the sunni-shiite discord. what is very clear is the terrible price that americans have paid. as you know very well, thank you for your service, but the amount of sons and daughters it did not come home alive than the number of parents, fathers, and mothers did not, live in those who did brought the demons home with them that will on their lives. we paid a terrible price. today i heard from some of the other side that are saying, to hell with the. let them kill themselves. what should we be doing their? i don't hold that same feeling.

the price we paid has to mean something and the sacrifice it has tole made, mean something at the end of the day. we should do as much as we can. personally, i'm very concerned about the christian community. they've been slaughtered. there have been unified attacks against christians, 37 murdered and now i think there are less than half for maybe one third of that. we are very thankful that they have been able to come to san diego and is a great immunity that continues to form there. i would like to hear from you on what we should do to help not only the christian community but especially other communities as well. what else should we be doing?

>> i have visited some of these camps and they are threatening christians, muslims, everyone in the region. it is a regional problem. we are trying to work with the leaders to make sure they have the resources they need from also the kurdish regional government to make sure the areas are as secure as possible. iraq, the other christian minority groups are located in the middle of planes. we are working to try to make sure that local people, christians, have the resources to police their own communities and we've made some progress over the last six months. north, when i was in iraq a few months ago, and as i

mentioned with the head of the community there, we linked him to make sure they get the resources they need. sure trying to make connections are made between the governments, professional -- prudential -- provincial, regional. >> a claim the central government is not doing much at all to help christians and in fact, just the opposite. they leave them exposed. ?ould you comment on that they have not been doing nearly enough to protect the christian

community and especially the churches. >> a series of church bombings , they have2010 really buttressed the attention -- as you mentioned >> it has killed 27. >> wanting to protect christians just like everyone else in this country am looking for ways to do that. the more communication the better from the christian community who have deep ties into iraq and with us, if your constituents tell you there is something they are seeing, we can work on those problems. >> i yield act. like thank you, mr. vargas.

>> thank you for your testimony. i feel like you've been sitting there in long time. you may need to get up and stress. are our military assets in iraq? can you double to that? , they worke embassy very closely with the iraqi military. there's about 100 personnel and they do everything from advising, running the fms programs, and a very small contingent of half a dozen or so operators to train some of the special land on the training component. we have a very small footprint as far as americans there. what can we take from this to apply to the drawdown in

afghanistan so we do not make the same mistakes or repeat what we've done there so we have the saidit of the effort and both sides benefit from this? what can we do different? if you could write again the post-drawdown for the end date announcement, what would you do differently? >> when i'm out of government, i may work to make comparisons, but right now i'm focusing on the situation at hand and protect the interest as we face them right now. >> ok, let me switch over to a different topic. we have talked to members of the iraqi government.

in the meantime, countries like , wouldjapan, south korea it not benefit us to put more effort into that so we have the i know they're working hard on solving this problem, but if we could help build that infrastructure and work with developing trade? 100%.gree with you the focus on this has been the al qaeda threat, the policy is really multifaceted and one of them is developing economic ties and economic relationships. we do advocacy for u.s. companies. we are proud that boeing has signed a major contract to be the backbone of iraq year ways. i airways.

they have commissioned with basra to lead the effort there to try to modernize in a very long term project. general electric and others are doing very well in iraq. get the private sector involved and invested in iraq and there are a lot of opportunities. clicked that is where i would like to help focus our foreign policy mym was asking if we could rewrite that. ,ith solutia -- with fallujah do you think we can defeat the ifil? do you think they have the willpower and the assets to do that? >> without the support of the pulation, it will be extremely difficult. back bone ofs the the iraqi military.

>> the chairman was asking about cominghe fighters were from. is there any estimate how many are coming in that go to syria and over to iraq? numbers.t have those i would have to get back to you. -->> we go down to mr. collins of georgia. asking andiate answering the multitude of questions. the understanding relationship

is something that i think is a huge missed trust that goes back they've donend very little to really relate or work on that relationship. we talk about al qaeda, the islamist state, and increasingly building alliances with sunni tribal leaders. how would that translate into the next round of elections? shiite to a move from sunni? what will it mean for the region? after that, we will talk about iran's possible influence. just be to the elections at this point. >> thank you for your service. it's a very important, insightful question. this will be pivotally and also extremely interesting. the first national election, lists,ere three main

shia, sunni, and kurdish. there was a little bit more blocs, a crossa sectarian list, and the kurds. fractured.is really you have four shia, three sunni, and the kurds are even on four list. there will be a number of .ifferent permutations the hope is that this will give rise to the more possibility of politicstarian emerging, as difficult as that will be. as i mentioned earlier, what al qaeda does very affect ugly is it targets the fault line which 1400xpected -- existed for years.

that is important this course -- .his is important discourse they're trying to inflate and issues.he sectarian especially with the influence in .raq >> there are reports dealing the rest of the arab world than having to deal with this .ynamic of iran and iraq is there anything else going on? >> not discouraging in discourse. thehe slow boil stage of

insurgency, the most maligned iranian influence was unable to gain much traction because it was in this low boil. an increase in the activity which has given an approved to the most nefarious iranian act entities. this is something we continually have to work with, civil society leaders and everyone to isolate those extreme groups. >> there are issues in the fallujah and and bar regions and we need to maintain pressure here and with iraq's whether it will be camp liberty or other things. this is not something that they will let go. we need to continue that we owe thad in large sense to what happened there. that's the concern that i would

express. you need to do the process of the division. i think that's what we are expecting when we see stuff like what happened in the salute joe. it tells me maybe we're spending too much time doing that and not this on a path towards a sustainable future. i yield back. go to randy weber from texas. >> you are lost here in november --owned something has been and i think it's been something like 78 days. talk has been all of this about 312 executions, four a day, 120 per month, 312 in 78 days.

we have a regime in iran that is sending terror through its own citizenry. how many more executions do you think is acceptable before we take the iranian regime to task over executing their own citizens? >> i can address that from the iranian standpoint. the human rights standpoint is quite despicable. we have seen president rouhani and the former minister talking about improving the situation. >> we really need to be focused on this, even in our negotiations and the administration's negotiations on relaxing the sanctions.

we are getting played for fools, quite frankly. i know you are here to testify about al qaeda and iraq. the residents of camp liberty, are they as dangerous as al qaeda? >> no, certainly not. >> we promised them that we would protect them and take care of them, did we not? when they were repatriated, so to speak, at the camp. >> the agreements between the military commanders at the time that moved in during cap ostroff -- camp basra. theiry have paid with lives to live there under the agreement that we made. >> you are aware that they are living in graves now? there are paper thin walls and are coming in.

>> i was at the camp this month and talked about what it was like to live in a trailer when -- eagues are being >> the good news and bad news, most of them as i understand it are not living in trailers. the bad news is they have had to dig out a three foot i six-foot grave to live in to avoid the rocket attacks. how long does it have to go on? to getwe not be pressing them out of the country? in roundup best while we work diligently on that, should we not be getting them protection? how much longer do you estimate are going on? >> we need to do everything we can to get them out of the country. >> you were here 78 days ago. moved tof them have

albania. and we should be gracious because they have taken about theresidents and i wish were more willing to do the same. >> i'm told earlier you may, that the walls were currently being installed the? >> that the information i got this morning that they would again moving in today or tomorrow. we have had cell phone communication from the residence inside the camp and the not the case. >> to my understanding there is a decision made to begin moving back into the camp. whether it started or not how i don't know. i can assure you based on the information i have received the we will follow-up in if they are not being moved in, that will be a serious matter and i will follow-up follow up as soon as i receive the information. >> how soon? >> i can follow-up in the next 48 hours. >> is there third-party verification?

they don'tfor me have a lot of credibility. it's almost as if the residence of camp liberty are the enemy and not the big guns that they are. surely you're not saying that you will call them and they will say -- >> we will talk to her colleagues at the united nations mission in iraq and the deputy there who is at the camp regularly. he will be able to verify with eyes on. >> as we watch iraq the sand, i hope you make it an extreme partner ready to get them out. >> we will do so. >> thank you. thanking just begin by yourcgurk not only for time this morning the for your work on this issue. as you can tell, this committee is extremely concerned about the reemergence of al qaeda, the

impact it will have in iraq, the region, and even here to us in the united dates. .hank you for that we look forward to continuing to work with you on the concerns we have in the house. there is one other issue i meant to raise with you and that is just turning for a moment to discuss the inclusion of the kurdish democratic hurting any patriot act to three designation my understanding is this have become a catchall designation that has inadvertently puk isled kdp and terrorists even though they have been a stabilizing force in the region and consistently loyal to the united dates for decades. as al qaeda and associated group like a goodseems

time to take count of our remaining friends in the region and maybe take a look at this an appropriate designation and recognize it's harming are very important relationship with the kurdish peoples. with the administration be supportive of a legislative solution to this issue that would exclude the kurdish groups from the tier three designation you for asking that question and allowing me to put a response on the record. as you said, the kurdish people, thekdp are some of our closest friends in the region. we think they should be removed from the list as soon as possible and it is imperative. a understand it requires legislative fix. we are 100% so forgive of an immediate legislative fix and we

look forward to working with you and the relevant committees to get that done. >> thank you. the senate is working on this with the house and we appreciate , once more, your testimony here today. thank you, members. we stand adjourned. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

>> coming up, a discussion on the role of the surgeon general and first responder training the securityby breaches at neiman marcus and target. effect of about the the health care law on the job market. >> coming up on the next "washington journal," a discussion on upcoming trade agreement. our guests -- university of oklahoma president and former senator david boren discusses challenges facing universities from proposed

budget cuts. live every morning at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span and you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. >> it is an instrument of the president. it has always been the case. they can direct it to do things in secret. they don't have to worry about the congressional appropriations process. it's convenient, attractive, and sometimes overly seductive tool in arsenals. cia onok at the

"afterwords," part of the tv this weekend on c-span two. read a woman's history for beginners and join the conversation. org, and enter the chat room. they had the day off for the retreat and we have a congressional reporter for politico. i guess that means covering the retreat. first the senate democrats were at nationals park hearing from president obama and former >> him ofbill clinton that is related to the 2014 nottion where it is particularly popular.

it's a big moment for legislation in the senate and it still has not been revived. it expired and they are preparing to go over the minimum wage increase. past, congressional aides have always been a critical of the coordination between the white house and democrats. mediare's not a lot of coverage coming out of the retreats. what is bill clinton's purpose being their? a cheerleader for the agenda? told by some sources familiar that they don't expect any big policy and news or political news out of president clinton's visit. we are all on the democratic team so i see it as a teambuilding exercise right now.

>> what was the focus of this meeting? >> they will focus on getting the agenda out there rather than opposing the agenda. they will be seen as an .pposition party it will be sort of those ideas. >> there holding down the floor.tive doug elmendorf tweeted about it saying house republican have the given a boat load list, first about the 2.5 million jobs. talk about the rollout of the messaging coming from the cbo meeting. thatwas there to get

little tidbit today. the member her told me about it the 2.5 primary was million jobs that will be lost due to the effect of obamacare. the talking point pushed back to that from the democrats is because low income americans will not feel is obligated to juggle so many jobs or working hours. they can have a more comfortable lifestyle. asgoing back to the senate we wrap up, you mentioned the unemployment insurance and that issue coming back thursday. what is proposed? is paid for with the changes in the law into looks like it may not get 60 votes but it may be able to get past if there is a wink and a nod to repeal the cost of living adjustments as part of the budget deal that negatively impact did veterans.

take ae scheduled to vote on thursday at 11:00 a.m., but there may be a deal in the works if republicans want to have votes on their extensions. >> abridge or sever politico congressional reporter. politico.ss everett, the new c-span.org makes it easy for you to find down and watch all of the extensive coverage of official washington. look for it on the homepage on "federal focus." day, comprehensive coverage of debates, committee hearings, events with the president and members of his cabinet, press briefings from the white house, capitol hill, the state department.

selected supreme court oral arguments and appearances by the justices. watch libor on your -- watch live or on your own schedule. federal focus, making it easy to focus on what's going on in washington, the white house, and the courts. >> a discussion on the role of the surgeon general. this is 40 minutes from "washington journal." ntinues. we want to welcome back the former u.s. surgeon general. since not been here you were the surgeon general. you are here for a congress on responding to mass shootings. what is your rule? i will do a facilitated session at the end about next steps. this is about a group of leaders from around the country, emf and law enforcement which signifies that all of these responses are multi disciplinary.

to role of the congress is facilitate a discussion about best practices to deal with improvised explosive devices, suicide bombers, active shooters like the incident that happened in columbine and up in connecticut recently. so we know that our tactics have to change. as law enforcement, how do we work together to make sure that we reduce mortality from these tragic events? host: what is the consensus? guest: the hartford consensus was brought together by the trauma chief in hartford, connecticut. thiss devastated after event in newtown. he decided he had to bring leaders together last year to talk about how we reduce mortality. enforcement change their tactics of that we can protect the public? host: the hartford consensus at the traumaping institute at the hartford hospital. what happened that day after the

newtown shooting? guest: the community was devastated. there were no survivors from that. i think about 19 people were killed. most of them were children. it was quite devastating. he was very moved. being a professional and a professor, teaching this to other doctors and nurses, he decided i have to do something. we had to get people together that are the experts and ask these questions. improve mortality from these terrible events question mark the conclusion was there were things we need to do differently. we have to look at our tactics differently. how officers responded those issues, how soon emergency medical assistance can be brought in. right now, the emf people stand outside until it is safe to go in. during that time, there are people dying. their people bleeding and need airways. we're working on tactics to bring our providers and sooner to be able to stop bleeding and with that information, we get a lot from the tactical combat care committee.

dozens learned for more that we these arehis because bure like wartime injuries. host: who are the players involved in the response to mass shooting and how do you want their role to change? guest: i want to give credit to the department of homeland security and d.o.t. for bringing us together. we are convening under them. what we are finding as leaders from communities around the country, because one of the things we say and emergency management and response is, all disasters are local. it starts with a local municipality, local police, local emfs. we share those best practices so that all of these entities around the united states have an idea of what the best practices are. host: who are the players? what role do they play? guest: we have opening remarks and then there will be a number of sessions where we discuss different things.

active shooters, we will talking about tactics. tactics for the tacticians who come in from the swat teams. at horsemen officers that eliminate the threats. what is the role of ems? do all the providers know the use of turning kits, getting an are all combat casualty lessons that come to us from the tactical combat casualty care committee of the u.s. department of defense. host: we want our emergency responders to join in our conversation this morning. we have divided the line as we usually do, but with a fourth line for emergency responders. the lines are -- we would love to hear your stories and see what thethink about doctor is putting on the table here. shooting, themass ems has to wait on the perimeter until it is safe to go in.

what type of emergencies are occurring in that situation? how can the situation change so that people survive them? we put these under catastrophic. if we are talking about the active shooter events, as soon as it goes off, almost every community in the united states has a protocol. andcers can come in chordate off the area and ask for support. the tactics are moved directly to the threat to eliminate the threat because this is ongoing. you can stand there and wait while someone moves around. we have done that for a decade. will wait until it is safe and come in and start assessing and caring. there are probably times when we can get emfs in sooner and still make sure that they understand ,he value of using tourniquets care lessons from combat.

most of these incidents look just like you are at war. arees are all over, people bleeding, lots of airways -- we can do a better job. that is the thrust of this meeting today and tomorrow. to get those best practices out to our colleagues around the united states. host: it brings to mind the state of the union address when the president acknowledged the soldier that had done numerous tors and afghanistan and most explosiveas in an situation in afghanistan and survive. the newspapers were noting how wars, soldier that had suffered that type of injuries would not have survived. guest: it is absolutely true. i am a combat veteran from vietnam. the youngsters that are surviving today would've never lived. simple things have changed that. every soldier is a provider now. they call it buddy care. when you move around, you don't have to wait for the medic to come in. the guy next u.s. attorney kit,

that canpression gauze stop bleeding. they are able to stabilize your airway and get wrapper transportation -- rapid transportation. we are seeing the survivability and the most violent war going up because of these simple changes and that every soldier is a provider of care in what we call "buddy care." host: this storing from the new york times in january. reviving a lifesaver. the attorney kit. explain what is happening with when they are bleeding from a shooting or an explosive device. guest: both of those result in catastrophic events where people can bleed out. if you have a gunshot wound to her abdomen or groin area or your neck, you big blood vessels there. you can only bleed for couple of minutes before you die. you get that bleeding

stopped very quickly echo when i was a medic many years ago in the army special forces, we used tourniquets. we were afraid that it was going to cause a lack of blood flow. now we realize, we can accept that risk if we can save a life. everybody carries attorney kit. many of our law enforcement officers carry turning kits. tourniquets. these events occur in rural and suburban areas. everybody has to be involved. we have to have a uniform approach this. we do that with working with agencies like the international association of firefighters, the international association of fire chiefs, the international association of chiefs of police.

all these organizations are partners as we move forward. host: does it require federal legislation? guest: probably not. if we run into areas where we require legislative relief, we will pursue it. right now we feel the most important thing is to disseminate the best practices to all of our colleagues around the country. host: let's get our viewers involved. charlotte, north carolina. independent caller. caller: hello. i was listening to what you had to say this morning. what really troubled me and concern me is that i felt like i'm dealing with the military. i have bipolar and i was born with add -- i have my issues as far as mental health goes. i am not hearing you mention

regarding issues pertaining to mental health. i am seeing aggressive tactics being put in place, but i'm not seeing preventative measures put spoken loudlyeing about before these tactics even have to be put in place. , i being the surgeon general would think is a doctor your first concern would be to save lives. and not to jump on the bandwagon of tactics that are going to do than allow circumstances to become more chaotic over the long haul. good: i think he makes a point. i want to make a very important point here that this conference is to deal with the tactics. what my colleagues also work on his prevention. the department of defense and all the agencies involved today decided to carve out a

day to say look at the tactics. we want to put a lot of resources in but bad things will still happen. we expect us to respond with the most efficient manner. pointing aim for prevention, but we have to be prepared for the worst case narrow. host: this tweet -- it depends. some gunshot wounds, there are no long-lasting physical effects. depending on the circumstances about happens, you could have psychological effects. as we see with thousands of our young men and women coming back from combat who have rain injuries. physical and also the silent injuries and for, the psychological injuries. it depends on resilience factors , how strong your mind is when you go into these situations. in law-enforcement when officers are involved in shootings and their wounded. it changes their whole career. it is an important point and one

that we need more information on. most of my colleagues understand spend ado need to lot of time on the psychological aspects of all these events because it can be devastating and lifelong. host: who should oversee this effort? you said federal legislation is probably not possible. let's of the standard to put in place. who oversees that? guest: what i said was that the on is possible. it is an educational endeavor. each community has to be prepared. ,hen we look at the big level 50,000 feet. it is the department of homeland security that has overall precedents to coordinate these activities when something results in a disaster or catastrophe. most of these events are handled on a local level. it is local police departments, fire and ems that come together to deal with these issues. requireen, they

resources that those communities don't have readily available. we have to have a system in place that we can link up and seamlessly scale up so that all of these apartments come together and function as one to be able to protect the public. really is at the local level, but we have to have interagency communication and cooperation and protocols in place. fema as part of this. it is in the department of homeland security. they deal with things that involve disasters. host: we're talking with the former surgeon general. talking about how emergency medical teams respond to mass shootings and other dramatic .ituations in bosto republican caller. i have great respect for your experience and i know you

have come from the communities in which you served as the doctor and also have some experience in law enforcement. yet more than one aspect of understanding. my understanding is with the previous guest, we talked in general about legalizing drugs and all that. what is the impact on legalizing drugs in this country and its future impact on the lives of our young people who think that ?he involv guest: it is a good question that requires a lot more discussion and debate. the issue of legalization is a challenge. i will answer it from the bully pulpit of the surgeon general. there are intended and unintended consequences that and legislation has. when you legalize drugs coming up to ask, who pays for the medical consequences and psychological consequences?

will crime rates go up? will children be more likely to use drugs echo that is why this divisivesuch a desir issue. we don't want to take any chances with the health and security of our nation. there are colleagues of mine who believe that is the case. there are others who say that will not happen. it will make it safer. that is why we need this kind of robust debate to determine how we want to move forward as a nation. host: are you watching what is going on in colorado? guest: i watch all the time because i have dealt with these a frequent basis. implicated inn violence and trauma. , it of my background can tell you on sundays up to half of the major trauma and

violent trauma that came in was related to alcohol or drugs or some substance abuse. it has a really big implication in the cost of care and acts of violence. drugs orited all legalize them, will it make it better or worse? host: what about the degree of violence? certainly we see in the mystic violence, people with alcohol tend to be more violent. we see those on drugs tend to be more violent. we look at degree and actual incidence. it is no question and contributes. does legalization make that better or doesn't make it worse when there is more access? we're talking about how emergency teams respond to mass shootings. we have a fourth line set aside form urgency responders in this country. we want to hear from you. we divide the lines as we normally do. -- numbers are

send us a tweet at c-span or send us an e-mail. we will go to jacob next in south dakota. independent caller. caller: thank you for taking my call. -- i'm like to know if sorry. i would like to know if you think may be teaching gun safety schoolschools and -- in would be a better idea then some of the crackdown that i hear about and worry about. remedy gunowners -- private gunowners with guns in the house -- guest: as surgeon general and an emf community member and leader

and as a police officer, i have been a very strong advocate for gun education. we have a program that was national called communities addressing gun ownership. making sure that everybody understood how to keep a weapon safe, how to make sure it is locked and make sure children don't have access to it. i think that is very important in a society like ours where we have and appreciate the privilege of going ownership but understand the responsibilities and the appropriate i education. host: aaron tweets in, we had a e alarm at our school -- guest: swat teams already have lands at the local schools and they mayldings that have to respond to. in some of the community's i've worked with, they have special access keys. when school was locked down, the officers have keys that they can

access all the rooms. some of the newer schools, it can be done electronically. they can do it from an iphone or computer. what you want to do is locked out immediately so that you have an action drill. a bomb or an active shooter coming close the windows, pull the shades down, everybody is on the ground until you get her there instruction. law enforcement needs to access and move. it has to be a lot of cooperation between the school district and law enforcement so they have immediate access and begin to evacuate people and assess the threat level and deal with the threat. host: are you saying that as law-enforcement enters a school where there has been a shooting that along the way they also act as caregivers? if they see a victim lying there, they put atorney ken on -- what tourniquet on. guest: the protocol that we have followed for many years as a hostage rescue protocol. and somebody is actively shooting in the building, we step over those people that are

injured because if you stop and put your head down and try to rescue someone, that person may shoot you and continue to see people. that thing you are thinking about now is maybe there is a hybrid we can do. some of our people can continue to move downrange and neutralize the threat but also stop. some of that is resource dependent. if you're in a rule area with a small police department and don't have the resources, what those are the discussions we are going to be having at this meeting of the next couple of days to decide how might we do this more effectively and efficiently and learn from these very fast lessons from combat and active shooters in the last decade or so. host: when will these put into place -- to be put into place? dialogue started nationally. we want to continue that dialogue now in the next few days. as far as the cost, each department will do it as part of their education. in the last two decades, there

as not any additional cost because it was embedded in the necessary continuing education for all enforcement and emfs. host: democratic caller. hi, joe. caller: thank you for taking my call. of the surgeone general -- i have been reading veterans health today. on safer approach to pain management, the cdc has recently discovered that prescription drugs kills more people than a heroine, cocaine and street drugs. so i would just like to know if and how he the cdc -- is it marijuana

really true that marijuana makes you stupid? guest: thank you for your question. the issue of prescription drugs being problematic is not new. it has at the media again. when i was surgeon general, we work with cdc and other agencies on this problem. especially youngsters have access to medicine cabinets and they take their parents left over medication and get high on it. it is a big rubble. the cdc is correct in their statistics. do inis a lot we need to terms of education. medicine and the homes are more carefully secured so that children don't have access to them. as far as the marijuana issue, if you want to learn a lot about marijuana as far science, go to the nih and look at the work of the institute of addiction there. it is pretty remarkable how much

problems they can cause. it acts as a carcinogen and long-term. they can cause cognitive decline over time. as we debate this issue, from the standpoint of the surgeon general, you look at the cost benefit and risk benefit analysis before you invoke any policy. there are often unintended consequences. host: our viewers will remember that you are a democratic candidate for senate back in 2012. what are you up to now? guest: i do a lot of work with the emf to muni. i teach at the university of arizona and ohio state university. i sit on some corporate boards. i work with private industry to --ntify merging science emerging science. awas recruited because candidate was needed. when the community: may come i work hard at it. i learned a lot because it is a whole different world once you are running from this. i'm very happy with what i'm

doing and looking forward to continuing what i'm doing. eddie andill talk to gatesville, texas. independent caller. ask onei would like to question. he said earlier that drugs might make people violent. the marijuana issue that is going on around here right now does not seem to me to be the same issue that he is bringing up. he stands like everybody else and says that every drug is bad. marijuana does not along on the class a drug list. or class one. they ought to stop this. hope you did not misinterpret my remarks. we were talking earlier about the relevance of drugs as it relates to violent crime and violence. there is no question that this manyiation -- i saw that

cases i cared for that had to do impaired by some other substance. it causes cognitive decline in the long-term. whether or not society wants to debate the issue of using that recreationally, they'll such a bate the cost benefit analysis. as the surgeon general, my job has always been to divide the best science to congress and the public so they can have these discussions. host: talk about your experience back in 1999 dealing with an active shooter in arizona when you were the sheriff deputy. an unmarked in police car and i was driving through town. i came upon a very busy intersection. i was off duty in civilian

clothes. officers will often stop to render assistance and call for an ambulance. i saw there were people on the curbside that were injured. i stopped, i called for name glens, called for a supervisor, let them know that i provided first aid. it turned out there was a three car accident. there was a man in the middle that had been released from prison. he killed his father, stole his father's truck, was on his way to kill a girlfriend. this was a deranged person. i stopped to provide first aid .nd he got out of his car if or not for the fact that i was in an unmarked car and had my police gear with me and was able to retrieve for second and get a weapon, he started shooting at me. to move quicker than he was. i was able to survive and he did

not. it was a completely unanticipated event. i was stopping to render first aid and was asking for law enforcement support to cover the traffic incident. unfortunately ran into a very deranged person who tried to kill me. host: a bullet grazed your head? guest: yes. was wounded. significantly. i knew i was in the fight of my life and would have to do everything and bring everything i learned my whole life so i could survive. in the middle of hundreds of people in a busy intersection. host: you shot him. no one else. guest: that is correct. ist it taught me back then that the men and women who serve us in law enforcement put their lives on the line every day. you never know when the worst-case maragos going to show up. you always have to be prepared for that.

we should give thanks that we have people in our society who every day go out and are willing to put their life on the line for us. for what we call all hazards. whether it is a terrorist event or a fire or explosion. host: do we are medium t? that is an issue i've been dealing with for decades in teaching with swat schools and stuff. people are divided on that. i would say if you decide to do it, we have to make sure that our emf professional stiff-armed understand the duty and obligation of caring a weapon and the rules of engagement. you will be held to a different standard. these debates go on. there are communities where emf are not.s the debate goes on in this country. host: carl is up next in maryland. democratic caller. caller: good morning. that i wouldblems

, there ask you about is is such a thing as fasttrack from what i am told. that arethese drugs approved get approved before they really tested. -- test it. they talk about how great the drug is in the ads and speak about the side effects. what they'rek treating because the side effects seem to be worse than the disease. one other thing -- you speak about all drugs. a recyclings program, but there is no references on all drugs. you can recycle just about anything but they don't tell you how to get rid of all drugs. issue,on the old drug each community deals with that differently.

certainly the best thing to do if you have any doubt is call your public health department and ask them how to dispose of those drugs. sitrder so that they don't around and become a potential hazard for children who might want to use them. the other part of this question was -- host: how quickly these drugs at the market. -- hit the market. guest: there are certain fast tracks where they can get to market quicker and there are special pathways for very unique effect.at can have an overall, the fda does a very good job of testing and ensuring that drugs are safe and that they are able to be used as reported. tv -- theyear on the advertise and say take this drug. st 20they li

complications. it is a risk benefit that your doctor has determined. if there is a disease that you can get better from by taking this drug but the risk as you might have this problem or this problem, that is a discussion you have with your position. it is different with every patient. host: joey tweets and -- maybe you can expect mass shooting says the future. have the responsibility and privilege and opportunity to serve the public. you have to think of the worst-case nara. we have no reason to believe this will stop. we are certainly doing everything we can with prevention to try to identify those in the workplace and school place that might have a problem and expressed this problem. we still have be worried about what we do if it happens. .ur planning will continue in a perfect world, i would love to be able to shut this down and say it will never happen again. the public expects us to be

ready when these worst-case scenarios occur. host: is there a role for the surgeon general in this? guest: it depends on the surgeon general. it helps to have a lot of experience in law enforcement and military, having a background in these areas. in tactics and policy. it helps to have decades of experience. having worked your way up the food chain, as they say, that you have a real in-depth an understanding at the state, regional comments national level. we work with international partners on this because they have similar problems. bring up the nominee from president obama. guest: i'm not quick love him. i don't know him. i read his resume. he is early in his career.

he has done a number of nice things as a doctor early in his career. i'm critical of the process. what is happening, most of us believe that this position requires a lot of experience in training and education. a rolodex you develop over the years he can get the job done. three-staron is a admiral. how is it that we can pick some money off the street and say, we will make you admiral when you have to work with the army and air force who earned the right to be in admiral or general after 35 years? the united states public health service is where the surgeon general lives. this is an organization that started with president adams. over the last few decades, our decidedans have to make them an instant admiral.

that denigrates the service of those young men and women who serve 20 or 30 years and have the aspiration to be the surgeon general in the service. all of a sudden, you can have the job anymore because we're going to give it to someone else. why is the public health service allowed to do that? old and the36 years cofounder and president of the advocacy group, doctors for america founded in 2000 and 8. his lack of experience has raised concerns among republicans. guest: it should not just be republicans. it should be all of us. that has young lawyer graduated from harvard a few years ago and has done a couple of things and nominate him to be a supreme court justice or u.s. attorney. why not? i've spoken to a lot of reporters. they say because they have not had the experience. i said, that is exactly why. hy is public health any less

important? he may make a fine surgeon general. five reasons why you should care about the surgeon general. give us some reasons. guest: you are the doctor of the nation. you're the spoke person. your job is to protect the health and security of the united states. diverse,a wide, in-depth background. having worked in a lot of different areas. you should have public health education and public health experience because this is about the public's health. you should understand little health. congress, the president, other secretaries within our government. andwant to have a wealth depth of extremes and knowledge to do that. that is my point. it is about process, not this young man. host: i want to get your take on one other thing related to the surgeon general's office. that is a great.

cbs announcing today that they will stop servlling cigarettes by 2017. 500,000 die from cigarettes every year. the risk is endless. in 2006, we wrote the report on secondhand smoke. it is devastating. yet, we still sell the product. our congress chooses to subsidize tobacco farmers. it makes no sense. we need to do everything we can to eradicate tobacco usage. host: more dangerous than marijuana echo guest: completely different. this is a carcinogen. we have a long experience with tobacco. accelerated cardiovascular disease, heart attack, stroke. we need to stay focused and eliminate all tobacco use. host: the huffington post recently reporting that the surgeon general has joined an

electronic cigarette firm. why would you be affiliated with the cigarettes? guest: when i was first called with them, i would say, i'm not. i spoke to some of my colleagues were getting on board as well. people in policy, scientist to do basic science research. people who have among them work for decades in the anti-tobacco movement. i paused and looked into it. the company i joined in, their goal is to make tobacco obsolete. i said, i like that. you have to remember that e- cigarettes is a nicotine delivery device. we already approved patches, sprays and gums. this is a cigarette looking instrument that has nicotine that you breathe in and gives sensation of nicotine. it is a strong potential for hard reduction. people can use this instead of

the tobacco and we can worry about getting them off the nicotine. host: what about the paper that comes out? is it secondhand smoke? it does not this person the same way as tobacco does. there is great potential for hard reduction. that is why myself and many of my colleagues have dumped on board. i also recognize that many of my other colleagues have said, we don't want to be involved in anything. we want everybody to just stop smoking. you found out in the past a lot of areas that abstinence does not work. we need to do everything we can to eradicate tobacco use and be smarter. i applaud cvs for taking that action. host: the house is about to come in for its legislative session. we will talk to bill in waynesboro, north carolina. independent caller. caller: i would like to commend of the mostre one logical people that i've heard speak on the subject.

an idealground is background for a person who needs to be in the know and in discussion. need to be making rounds on the talk shows and get people knowledgeable about these things. a serious question that has bothered me for some time now -- there are bath salts that a child can take and not know where he had been. host: i have to let you go. there are a number of these recreational user drugs that come up that kids get high from. it is a matter of education making sure that children don't have access to the substances that can harm them. host: >> thursday morning politico has an in-depth look on

congress and the energy policy. ve coverage on c-span 3 at 8:00/10:00 a.m. eastern. >> this is really an instrument of the president. and that has always been the case. the president is always the master. i mentioned in the book that presidents -- i served under seven during my time. they don't have to worry about the normal congressional appropriations process. and, you know, it's a convenient and attractive, sometimes overly seductive tool in the president's foreign policy arsenals. >> a look at the c.i.a. saturday night at 10:00 eastern

nd sunday at 9:00 on "afterwords." and on live on booktv comment on in-depth guest bonnie morris. go to booktv.org and click on boot club to enter the chat room. >> you can see his entire testimony at 4:25 a.m. eastern ere on c-span or any time at c-span.org. >> i have two questions about the health care law and the labor market. what is your best estimate of the effect that obamacare will have on the total number powers worked which is the issues we're talking about.

i ju want to make sure we accurately understand we know what you're saying. >> we think the aforbled care act will reduce the total numbers worked in the economy relative 7 and 2024 to what would have happened during that act. so given the fact that the -- well, this is the calculation that we've done suggests that it will be equivalent to two, to two and a half million. >> reading the report two million equivalent in 2017, 2.3 million in 2021 and 2.5 in 2024? >> yes. >> it's not that employers are laying people off. it's that people aren't working in the workforce aren't

supplying labor to the equivalent of two and a half million jobs in 2024 and as a result that lower workforce -- that's less labor supply lowers economic growth? >> yes, that's right, plch. >> so who are these workers? who are the people typically in this category? what kind of worker from an income scale side are being affected by this? >> so the effect is principlely on the labor supply of lower wage works. the reason is what the affordable care act does was to provide subsidies, focus on lower to middle income people to buy insurance. and in order to entice them to buy insurance, the subsidies are fairly large. overdrawn dies are for people as their income

rises. and by providing health insurance for the people with very low income and then draw on those as income rices it will provide the disincentive for people to work. now these subsidies will make those lower income people better off. this is an implicit task, not the task where you normally think about where you raise taxes we're worse off. but they do have less of an incentive to work. >> better off in the context of health care. but better off in inducing a person not to work who is on the low income scale, not to get on the ladder of life to begin work, getting the dignity of work, getting more opportunities, rising the income, joining the middle-class. this means fewer people will do that. that's why i'm troubled with this.

>> the government affairs subcommittee will look at the i.r.s. targeting of conservative groups. live n watch on c pan 3 thursday. you can join in the conversation on facebook and twitter. >> i came to washington to conduct investigations by the department of the f.c.c. conducted investigations for a year and a half. five to six days a week, eight, . hours a day finance and reorganization receiverships. had a great galaxy on the stand. but we never never never would even call a man if he would invoke the fifth amendment. >> we continue our series of oral history interviews with foreman supreme court justices.

this week from 1967 associate justice william o. douglas at 4:00 eastern. online at c-span.org and tionwide on xm satellite radio on channel 120. >> officials from government agencies investigating cyber crime testified on capitol hill on wednesday. the cyber crime agent william newman talked about the credit card security breaches. this is two hours. >> so good morning, everyone and we have an impressive two panels to testify this morning. our first our government

witnesses. we have the chair. i'll introduce you each as we go down. but i want to thanking all of you for being here. and the way we do it, some of you haven't testified before, others have. each side has basically 10 minutes of opening statements and then we get right into your testimony. so i will begin my opening statement at this time. and i just want to thank everyone for being here. today we're turning our focus issues. ortant a string of recent data breaches at nationwide retrailers will resulted in the loss of personal information, data for millions of consumers. millions of consumers are seeking answers about their personal and financial security. i'm thankful that target and

neiman marcus for agreeing to appear before our subcommittee. it's my hope that they will be able to get the subcommittee of a clear view as transpired. what was being done to prevent these breaches and what has been done to mitigate in the wake of these breaches and what can be done to prevent such breaches in the future. we also hear from public and private entities in security standards, protecting consumer data, and taking actions against criminals who perpetrate these crimes. our objective today is not to cast or point fingers. it's just like you don't blame the homeowner whose home is broken into. we must insure that breaches like this do not become the new norm. private sector has worked to try and prevent these crimes to different degrees including

corporations with government entities. there is more that could be done which is the reason for convening this hearing today. all right the u.s. accounts for 47% of the fraud credit and debit losses worldwide while only accounting for 30% of the transactions. we need to be realistic and recognize there is no silver bullet that's going to fix this issue overnight. if we will address the consumer address security, it will take thoughtful and deliberate actions at all stages of the payment chain. i don't believe we can solve this problem by codifying detail, technical standards or by overlaying cumbersome man days. flexibility and nimbleness are all attributes that are necessary in cyber security that run contrary to government's abilities. we must encourage the private

sector to keep improving on its consensus standards which will change overtime. i have more of a statement. i would like to yield to mr. olson, the reminder of the time. >> plch, thank you to our witness who are -- plch, thank you to your witnesses who are here this morning. let's remember the process issue that regardless of security measures taken to protect data, the bad guys are always trying, always trying to find new ways to grab that data. a ave the right 24 hours day, seven day as weerks 365 days a week. 366 in a leap year. in less time it takes to swipe a credit card. it's a tough battle.

but it's a battle we have to fight and a battle we have to win. s they say in houston, pay oris not an option. i look forward to discussion. thank you very much. >> anybody else? mr. lance? >> thank you, plch. d -- thank you, mr. chairman panel.elcome the 160 records were acquired by hackers in the choice point data breach. over the last eight years 660 million records have been made public through data breaches. ata breaches occur not only in

commercial settings but in hospitals and insurance companies. there is no doubt that every american could be at risk of a data breach. since our last data security here in july we have learned of several data breach incidents that occurred in 2013. data breach incidents at target, neiman marcus and michaels are examples. this subcommittee examined the issue of data breach. while that issue is still a paramount concern, more attention to be given to how to prevent data breaches. they have created a global security standard for businesss that accept payment cards, called the payment data security card standard. i look forward to examining the

best practices for today's economy and for the safety of the american people. since 2005 technology has evolved considerably while data for hackers has also evolved. i am pleased to have before us today a distinguished panel from the public and private sectors that expertise and personal experience in these issues. i like forward to cam minuting the issues before us today. thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i'm really happy we're having this important hearing. think it is of great concern to the public what happens here. as we discussed previously and expect that we'll work together to address these issues. i thank all of our witnesses for being here. but i would give special thanks

to my friend illinois attorney general lisa mat began who has been at the forefront of this issue since 2003 leading several efforts at the state level to defend against cyber crime and prosecute those responsibility. she's co-leading an investigation into the target, nieman marcus and michaels data breaches and i look forward gaining from her perspective about how we can protect data. the privacy rights has . entified 660 million records unless the recent attack and some of this country's most popular retail store has given us security an breached notification. i think think every member of

the subcommittee wants to make sure we can do everything we can to reduce the risks. i lost to cyber fraud and identity theft stretches lalmt resources. the target breach alone could cost as much as $8 million. and analysts say it could be on the hook for more than one billion from fraud or homeland security. it's important to know that foolprooftory scheme to totally prevent data breaches. cyber criminals are incredibly innovative and as soon as we implement new technologies they're high at work. but just because we can't absolutely, 100% guarantee the protection of consumer data

doesn't mean that we should not do anything. there is currently no comprehensive federal law that requires companies to protect consumers or use their data, company. re a federal i believe it's critical that the subcommittee moved forward with legislation. he will make sure that consumers were formed as soon as possible. that legislation should be technology. afc.sit allowing the the data accountability and trust act data offered by mr. rush. the bill was bipartisan and chairman america sparton was our co-responser.

katy.s an entity having and two, that same entity has items and e to buy the data breach and the investigation from our committee. i look forward to our witnesses out how we can protect consumers. and i yield back. >> mr. alston you are recognized for your five minutes and you control the time. >> thank you, mr. chairman. the recent data theft is a reminder of the challenges that we certainly face today in a digital economy. we're more aware of instant

communication and e commerce. >> whenever and wherever they want. despite the many new conveniences and and technology also facilitates criminals an other serious crimes that can potential injure five more sunts. gathered from a dumpster has changed with the times about adapted in the digital economy. today indeed most transitions we conduct are transmitted or restored in a connected environment insuring every citizen has some digital footprint or profile. and that the most cyst kated criminals are successful in data.rating digital pay-off is sufficient to

attract criminals. the problem will not go away. >> congress recognized the importance of having that. it is the reason that we enacted laws specifically to address sensitive consumer data that can be used by criminals for identity theft including the grand leech briley act and hipa as well. for health care industry. this time we empowered the f.t.c. through the use of section five. federal government is not the only layer of protection. a handful of state laws mandate security for the data of their citizens and the private sector has developed extensive standards. breaches,. being virtually every sector

from the universities and hospitals. woe must consider if federal state and industry suffer elation can be more effective or whether we need to approach the issue differently. in short, the title of today's hearing is an appropriate. this is the right venue to discuss what businesses can do to protect data. equally important we need to data ays to minimize with that they acquired. the government lalmt officials probably doing everything they know how to affect. to ld the bans of my time ms. black. >> i want to thaw. being to thank you for here. privacy security is somebody

we're hearing from constituents. my constituents want to know who owns the virtual you which is you and your presence online? hope in talking with you today, we can gather some information to add to the work that we've been doing and our bipartisan data security working group -- what our constituents want to do is figure out how to build out this toolbox that will allow them to protect themselves online. they quantity to know what you're doing -- they want to know what you're doing to pro invite the assurance. what are those pro toe cals. kind of a standards business process for data breach notification. >> what are the expectations. and then they want both the

private sector and government to meet and fulfill. so you have experience, some lessons learned. you've made some mistakes, all of you. you're learning from those mistakes and we're looking at how we take the rules that are on the books in the physical space and apply that to the virtual space. and it encourages commerce and the interact, transaction is moving at data. so this is the time. >> you're recognized for 10 seconds. >> thanks. as a 30 year i.t. professional here. before coming i can tell you i understand the complexities of data security and how complex it is. i'm really looking forward to here.

what can we do in our public sector and private sector to handle this problem? >> thank you. and now i recognize i officially recognize saying that mr. waxman ranking member of the full committee and made a surprise announcement and that he is f us going to conclude his time with congress at the end of this session and i just want to thank you for his 40 years of service to the united states congress, to the people of california and the united states and job well done. we may not agree on everything. but you're passionate, you're zooey and you're very involved. you command respect from everybody, henry. >> thank you. >> and you were recognized for five minutes. >> thank you for quour kind

words. i think this may be the first a series of troubling sishe attacks on prominent retailers that are going to tell us today about their experience. and we want to know how they can better protect the security of consumer's personal information. late last year, target, neiman mar cut and michaels always experienced breaches in which criminal consumers may with card information leaving them at risk for fraudulent charges. the target breach which has data data and marketing data hat could be used to and now it affects between 110 million and 7 million. /3 of the entire population. just last week white lodging a

major hotel operator announced that it was investigating a potential breach involving thousands of guests who stayed hoe tills including marriott, sheridan and west-in. given the constant security threats, i hope that's past and try to go forward where consumers ulledcomboumed more confident. so the it's alarming. it affects him and rely on details. ere are bags and famous card processor. and dibt card information. millions of americans have had to contend with fraudulent charges on their financial statements. identity theft schemes in which next. ls open --

there are many other unanswered questions about these recent attacks including how they will prevent t and how to this. whether these companies responded to early warnings and whether they go to fight consumers in a timely manner. we also need to understand the appropriate federal brawl between data security and breach notification. now they are laws to require notice for their own residents when the data breach occurs. the effectiveness of these laws vary greatly. but several are quite strong. we see adequate. clear notification where

providing resources for their well being. it after the fact breach notification is only half of actor must ed the shay personal steps. there could be a federal role in ensuring that they are pro active. >> they will try to compromise large data base. that can be leveled for financial game gain. we need to have a second law enforcement. consumers are paying the price. but consumer data needs to be priority number one. i look forward to the witnesses' testimony and to add to our discussion of this important topic. i i want to play because there was another subcommittee that

s meeting committee. whenever -- you're testimony and the short time i have left does anybody or the majority 654 -- take the 47 >> you said majority? >> that's what i said majority. i'm always looking to the future, mr. chairman. i thank you for your kind words. of course, i'm going to be here until december. we'll all be able to work together some more. >> very good. thank you, henry. time to introduce our first panel. edith ramirez is the chairwoman. edith ramirez chairwoman federal trade commission, thank you for your second appearance before this committee. lisa mattigan attorney general for the state of illinois.

thank you very much for coming. william newman criminal investigation division, cyber operations, united states secret service and i said it all in one breath. mr. noonan thank you for your appearance today. the director of the national cyber security and communications integration center, department of homeland security. we always go from my left to right. so we'll start with chairman ramirez. you are now recognized for your five minutes. >> thank you. airman kerry, ranking member chakowsky and members. we live in an increasingingly collected world in which vast amounts of data are collected. as retailers remind us this data is su september.

this takes place against the background of the threat of identity tcheft has been the f.t.c.'s top consumer complaint for the last 13 years. according to the bureau of justice statistics in 2012 this crime affected 7% of all people in the united states age 16 and older. the commission is here today to reiterate its bipartisan and unanimous call for federal data security legislation. never has the need for such greathlation been greater. congress needs to act. we support legislation that would strengthen existing data security standards and require companies to notify consumers when there is a breefment egislation should give the f.t.c. to help insure that they

have an appropriate effect. it should also provide rule-making authority under the dministrative procedure act. such provisions would create a trong con sys sent to pro text consumers more effectively. >> the f.t.c. has devoted substantial decreases to make data security a priority. the f.t.c. has brought 57 actions againsts that put con sirme data at risk. we will come back to deceptive and unfair commercial processes. and the fair credit reporting t. in all these cases the touchdown of the commission's approach has been reasonableness. it must be reasonable and light

. the sensitivity the size of its data operation es and the cost of information and reduce vullnerblets. the commission has made clear that it does not require perfect security and that the fact that a preach occurred does not mean that a company has violated the law. significantly a number of f.t.c. enforcement actions has involved large breaches, payment card. the f.t.c. settled allegations that they permitted hackers to obtain credit on millions of credit card. and to submit to a series of security audits. at the same time the justice department successfully osecuted a hacker behind the

t.j.x. and other breaches. the f.t.c. share complimentary goals. they help insure on the front end that businesses do not put their customer's data at riss they make sure they're caught. to that end the f.t.c. and criminal enforcement have coordinated in these investigations. the f.t.c. appreciates the informs at the federal and state level. the f.t.c. offers guidance to consumers and businesses. for those consumers affected by recent breaches, the f.t.c. focuses online to protect themselves. these materials are in aaddition to the large stable of f.c.c. resources we have for

i.d. theft victims. we also engage in extensive policy issuities. for example we recently conducted wood chop on mobile security and in closing i want to thank the committee for holding this hearing and for the opportunity to provide the commission's views. the security is hong the commission's highest appropriates and we look forward to working with control -- congress on this political issue. >> thank you. recognized for 10 minutes. commit s of the sub addressing data breach is critical to or financial security and our economy. over the past decade we have

eck pence ibreaches. the recent target breach served as a wake-up pill to curve the growing problem. to assist the subcommittee, i will have the roles they state responding to breaches because we have seen in the private sector and the steps in government can take to prevent shuchebreaches. there have been over 4,000 data breaches nationally and over 733 million records compromised. the amount of money lost is also sobering. in 2012 it was 21 billion. and over the last year alone. my office has received on data breaches. they are exposed to the lakelyhood of unthorsed charges.

and second they're much more ikely to become victims of o identity theft. and when consumers discover them, clean-up requires them holding, canceling cards and waiting for new cards to arrive and for consumers those automatic bill pay, it's about to prevent late knees and those are the easy situations. they can spend months of fraud to creditors and restoring them to restore store. affects commonly it the account, they can use information to obtain medical and prescription drugs. all of these thingses can happen because of the data and the usual course for the

business or a government. -- i created a hot line unit back in 2006. since then we have received more than 40,000 requests for assistance and its helped remove $26 million worth of fraudulent charges in illinois. my office also conducts investigation of data breaches. to confirm that companies comply with state law by notifying them within a easonable time my office along with the connecticut a.g.'s office is leading multi-state investigation and the breaches that have affected and michael's customers we have found instances are where company has. so the notion that companies

are doing everything they can to prevent breaches is false. we have found repeated incidences because companies allowed con sirme data to maintain unscripted. and the recent the breaches led to discussions about security technology that was available but not deployed for reasons that range from high cost and increase checkout time to dispute between banks and retailers. , the he united states main reason that consumers are targeted by criminals. consumers are rapidly loses confidence. based upon our experience i recommend the congress take the following actions. that does not preempt state

law. congress should recognize that the federal government should assist the private sector in the same manner it already does.