of members leaving world areas for more urban areas. the h-1b v visa process. >> a story on new senate intelligence committee reports questioning the scope and effectiveness of the cia interrogation program. the committee hopes for a full review -- for full release of the report. face -- one of two hearings this week. the company announces new, unrelated recalls. you can see the hearings on c-span.

our first 45 minutes this morning, your thoughts on questions that should be asked by legislators of the ceo. is more oversight from congress needed on this issue? if you want to send this e-mail, journal at c-span.org. fletcher writing for today. the headline says as families grieve, gm's chief executive faces a grilling.

on the phone, ms. yeager. thanks for joining us. tell us alone bit about the hearing today and the rest of the week. one of the topics that will be covered? thehat happens today is committee on the house side. tomorrow is the senate committee that holds its hearing. it will both have the same two witnesses. the ceo of general motors and the acting head of the highway safety administration. one thing that will be interested -- that will be interesting, she situate up provide answers about what went wrong. she has an internal investigation. she is found to be transparent hurt the company knows they have screwed up and they are trying to figure out what went wrong. there are questions about the communications between the carmaker and the regulator and the safety administration. i guess what we're looking for

is how much of the focus is on the automaker and how much is on the regulator and how much of a point to each other as they try to explain why we are where we are right now with all of these recalls. host: her being relatively brand-new to the position of ceo. in january, she sat in the first lady's box during the state of the union address. here's the first female head of a big auto company, the president mentions her in his speech, everybody applauds, she goes to congress the next day and meets with house and senate leaders from both parties and is really celebrated. that was just a few days in to her taking over the company. she has been working there since she was 18. she is a lifer, they say. she cameelebrated when in january and obviously very different circumstances when she was here this week. tone is there sense of the that these questions that will be presented to her? any sense of how the members of

congress are going to treat her? an interesting question. there are some big michigan members him especially on the energy and commerce committee. you have talked about john dingell. he is brick carving after decades in congress. some people have called them the member of congress for general motors. he is a huge booster of the company. he used to run this committee. the current chairman is also from michigan. he is fred upton. one thing i think is interesting, gm has done this great job. you think of them is a michigan company, but they have facilities in 28 states and 75 congressional districts. there really a national company with a heavy michigan presents. there is no gm facility in fred upton's district. he is tried to be very clear that he can be -- cars are important for michigan but auto safety is important for everyone is what he said to us this week. he has vowed to be tough. of whos this question

screwed up. there will be some questions. fred upton was key in writing a law after another auto problem tout 14 years ago that try boost communication between carmakers and the safety administration. the came to see if his law, basically, was followed or not. there are others who think the automaker has been slow in .nforming the regulator there were press a car company harder. some of those regulator harder. talk to bit about the fact is federal government assisted gm during the financial meltdown of the united states. how much does that overshadow these hearings this week the ipo guest: people keep saying that they don't think it will. people keep calling it government motors.

biden famously said osama bin laden is dead in gm is alive. republicans didn't like the bailout. one slightly technical question that could come up with the hearings is whether gm was a little tricky when they agreed to the bailout. they basically waived -- they're off the hook on any accidents that happened before a certain. period. they knew then that there was trouble with these cars. , they didn't share the information and sign the document that said they would be responsible for these accidents. don't be a whole other level of complication to the current situation. one more thing, today's hearing will be very different. versus image people have of the big three automakers coming to

washington in 2008 when they were all looking for billions of dollars in government loans. there's a big scandal when we found out that they were all .lown on private jets it was kind of outrageous. here they are asking for government money and taking private plans. gm has learned that lesson many times over. she will be flying a private plane. host: washington post staff yeager.olly yegor -- thanks for your time this morning. guest: thank you. upton sends out just before th.

if you want to call us this morning and give us your thoughts on these hearings and questions of the ceo of gm, here are the numbers. you can go ahead and we will take those calls in just a moment. gm a webpage that talked aboutibarra what happened as far as a recalls and talked about how the gm companies going to handle it. here's what she had to say. clear to our it

customers that you are our compass. we intend to make this recall as smooth as possible for you so we will not let it ever happen again. we will learn from this and be a better company. thank you for your patience. "the detroit free press" looking at additional recalls.

our guest before on the phone and talked a little bit about some of the things that will take place. she mentioned the safety administration, the nts a shared their role in these hearings. this is michael fletcher from the story in the "washington post."

again, as the ceo faces questions today, your comments on the hearings. questions that should be asked to legislators. if there is more oversight needed. you can add your thoughts on the phone line, which will be on the screen. first call up is docked from baton rouge, louisiana on the independent line. want some type of independent investigation on this. billions of dollars have been .iven to gm i don't know where the money is on.g to know what going it is totally ridiculous.

it is crazy. why are you calling for an additional independent investigation? caller: because there's something going on. host: arthur from texas on the republican line. i have been reading a little bit about this off and on. i was recently in the market for a new car and in light of all , i went and bought a toyota. sorry, us-made cars. i'm going the safe route. so, arthur, this is related to the recall that you

heard about in the news over the last couple months? caller: yes. pretty much. host: what would you like to hear from legislators? much atunexpected here all, to tell you the truth. because? older: it is just the same -- power people and same old money games. senator richard blumenthal sending out a tweet on this issue as well. if you want to see that hearing for yourself, go to our website for more information.

there is information about today's oversight hearing. we are taking your questions on these hearings and your thoughts. from elmhurst, new york, democrats line. it seems to me that we are not getting the truth from the politicians. i want to know why they're doing these things to us. they should come out and tell us because i have so much trouble now with the government. i don't even know what to say. should we get some facts from the government? host: would you like to your

specifically from them? when they said bin laden was dead in gm is kicking. i want to know what is going on. someone is not telling us the truth. host: dave is from michigan this morning on the republican line. yes, good morning. this is just another example of everything mr. obama touches seems to go belly up. it has happened with just about everything he has touched. look at the middle east, look at our health care. and they said they fixed general motors. , theof us here in michigan stockholders and bondholders, we lost our shirt because they took the profits off of us to give to those unskilled union workers really weren't doing a very good job for many many years.

general motors made a lousy car, that's all there is to it. this problem goes back many years even though it is about the recall and the timing. has gone but primarily around when bush left and obama came in. the quality has just deteriorated. they owe america $15 billion still. they told us you are sol as far as getting that back. host: on this issue specifically, what would you like to hear from legislators? toler: personally i like have legislators get out of the business and let what happened is happening to gm happened to them. it doesn't help, the government

getting our tax dollars involved in things like this really just wastes money. michael langweiser on twitter says he is surprised that ralph nader has not been heard from. do on the republican line. caller: thanks for c-span. i think the american automobile is a passing industry now. we need to let other countries do the work now. we just inspect them. i don't understand why the automobile industries cannot

come up with good engineers to make sure that we have safety. we spend billions of dollars in industriesr these and still they can't get it right. again, like the previous caller said, we need to get the government out of it. why are we giving the auto industry to foreign countries? caller: it would lower costs. maybe it is a dying industry. maybe we have the technology to look at something else. more reliable and more sophisticated. maybe the automobile industry is just dragging us down. the same thing happened a generation ago with the carter administration. we are having the same thing all over again. history is repeating itself. at some point we need to cut our losses and move on. host: do you think it is something that could be resolved

by oversight? caller: but can we trust our elected officials? frick and trust them to do the right thing, we probably could clean up the situation. the element of trust is were the problem is. i would be reluctant to get into the fact that we need to amend the constitution for term limits. some of these people just stay in too long. senator ed markey also adding to the conversation with a tweet. brent from buford, georgia, democrats line. there is so much partisanship in the remarks this morning. gm has its problems, but what they did needed to be done. as the gentleman in texas

about a toyota, i hope you read that they also had recalls. they all have their issues. be partisan eyes to about gm. you can't put 50,000 people out of work because they don't like the company. is all i have to say. host: before you go, how would you rate gm's handling of this issue? let's go to earl from st. louis, missouri, democrats line. worked for chrysler 37 plus years. i know for a fact that hearts come in and they inspect them. sometimes we get bad parts. did not, gm or ford manufacture those parts. a lot of those parts come from overseas. maybe that is part of the problem. you can't blame the federal government or the workers for bad parts. all the car peoples do is assemble those parts in the plan. the parts come in that

sometimes, we put them aside and ship them back to the manufacturer. i think that's part of the problem. a lot of parts that go in our products today are not made in this country, they are made in what used to be called third world countries. thank you. can't blameid you the government. one of the people who testified as the head of the national traffic safety administration. there are too many people in america today who want to blame the government for everything. there are too many people who want to blame the union for everything. lesson hundredt years ago we had children working in new york in the garment district. they want to blame the government for everything, just like we talk about the automobile manufacturers today, but look at another issue we have today, the medical

programs. thatajority of the space gets a majority of government assistance a republican states. blame american workers . they were just as hard as anyone else works. today" has article that looks at key questions. also questions from the story itself. was she go to jail?

helena from pennsylvania, democrats line. caller: i would like to make a comment, especially to the fella in michigan. people keep why calling and blaming obama for everything. with gm, this problem has been going on for long time, even before obama came in. i stopped buying gm products ,ears ago when reagan was in because i was having trouble with their products then. -- i startedng to

buying corolla and those kinds of cars. i'm hoping one day that we will beable to -- that gm will able to get things going better than they're doing. when calling and blaming obama. this is not obama's fault. this is going on a long time that gm's. with gm. will get thishey straight down. i am so sorry what happened to the people who died on account of using that product, but i believe they will get it straight. i stopped getting gm and i did go on to getting other brands of cars. what kind of questions should legislators asked? caller: what can we do to cure

this problem with the gym company? what can they do to make it better for the consumers, in order for it to start considering to buy from them. i don't know what is going to happen, but i don't see a trouble with gm. soon.ope they get better stop blaming obama for every single thing. taking a look at what is going to happen at the hearings, especially with the federal government's relations with gm. robust lobbying budget, jim has strong ties on capitol hill. john dingell of michigan has

retired his announcement after six decades in office, he is expected to be succeeded by his wife debbie who worked at gm for about 30 years. her grandfather was one of seven work forwho started to fisher body, a detroit manufacturer. as a big employer that the government has made a big bet must have institutional washington rooting for it to come through. that is all related to the gm's story. a couple of stories in the paper as well.

"the washington post" has a number of stories. another story about the cia in the "washington times."

our question for the remaining of our time, 15 minutes or so, takes a look at gm and its ceo sent to testify today. one of two hearings starting . should 2:00 on c-span3 be asked questions about the recall of faulty switches you have heard about. there's a number on the screen if you want to comment on it.

here is scott from mississippi, republican line. ? ott, are you there you g had faultyave ignition switches and every one of my gm cars since 2001. they have all had faulty ignition switches. -- my current truck is on its third ignition switch. there are issues with the parts. when you go buy another one and put it in, you have the same issue over and over again. had hadhicle that different issues. transmission, ignition switch, peter switches or something. they go out in the vehicles. the quality of

the parts that are being put on the vehicles that are consistently having trouble over and over? to think more oversight is needed in that area? caller: someone has got to check. other north the processes, but when you are ordering these , there is and over quality problem and no one is taking care of it. you spend $50,000 for a truck and you are in notice going out on it before you buy it. to workuy something with, so what you do? my comment has to do with the fact that they want to blame president obama for everything. it clearly stated that she had

started having this problem since 2007. washat time president obama not even a candidate for the presidency. why are they blaming him? fact, is not only gm who has a problem. i know people who have toyotas. some few years ago, toyota cars for killing lots of people. have people forgotten that? the problem lies with the fact that maybe some of those parts should be made here in the united states instead of coming from overseas. in addition to that, who is responsible for the bureau of standards? i don't know if they -- if somebody there should be seeing that these cards are adequate we appropriate for the cars are building. don't blame the president for everything. you can't be responsible for everything. plus, this happened before he

even came into office. people set tohe head the nts a will respond to oversight and issues. here's linda on the democrats line. gm does not have a customer service model that they used to have. host: what do you mean by that? i have a gm product and i had serious problems with it for a long time. when i called jim and told him that i was having robbins with their vehicle, some kind of way that never got from the customer to the people who really needed to hear it. you think those concerns addressed issues that gm's having today? average callere

has a problem, somehow it never gets to the person who could make a difference. i think that even express to them that my mother requested a gm product of time. on the old model were gm is to listen to their customers. there was nothing they could do for me. that is linda from jackson, mississippi. change coming to the house ways and means committee hearing washington, d.c.. michigan says it plans to retire at the end of the congressional term. who takes over next? succeed as a two-way race between representative paul ryan and representative kevin brady, the republican from texas who has more seniority in the panel van ryan. mr. rhine is scheduled to release his blueprint budget today.

he has stated publicly that he wants to take over the gavel from cap. ryan's presidential ambitions may preclude him from doing so. donna is up next from wisconsin on the independent line. caller: i have two comments. if people died from the gm defects, they should be held accountable. to the government know about? probably. is probably stuck on nobody's desk and no one read it like they did the health-care bill. that is my comment. host: john from missouri on the independent line. made isevery vehicle made with the cheapest parts of they can come across with. this comes from ford and chevy and dodge. this comes from toyota, all of them. they get the parts as cheap as they can. the biggest reason why these recalls are so big is because of

greed. is he only reason. is one vehicle on the planet designed to last. people need to understand this. when you buy a car, you are taking a risk,period. you interested in the testimony at all of the ceo? ceos try to take responsibility very dramatic, during the 70's with the ford pinto, who had a good recall. why did chevy not have a recall on the pickup truck? it was just as bad. this is ron in an e-mail saying it will be interesting for him to see if the ceo of gm will be treated as poorly as the ceo of toyota was treated. lot abouttalked a automobile issues over the years on this program. if you want to see some of those taking place,gs

testimony from officials, you probably heard a couple of those officials being mentioned this morning during the time we have had. go to our c-span website. if you want, go to a video library. you can see video of the things we have taken an over the years on this issue. again, that library is found on our website at c-span.org. up next, here is carnell from mobile, alabama on the independent line. hey, pedro. this is interesting to me because we always have automobile recalls. is usinghat someone media and all of this to damage gm. tonow why, they just want make away with all of the automobile production in this country.

it would be an advantage to kyoto and all those other companies if gm is smeared. that is a bad say thing, but the way they carry on about this, i guess is because bailout.e it is kind of silly to me. i was good to ask if there is any hearing -- and a connection between this hearing and the bailout. there will be a senate hearing, but today staring at her clock is from a subcommittee of the house energy and commerce i'm going toler: make sure i watch that. closer republican guys they do real -- they are wild. i tell you. it is strange that the media and the people in this country want to try to destroy gm.

there have been automobile recalls an accident. all that. denying host: the question is do unto year from legislators? upler: someone did not step just like you guys have a few minutes ago, and takes responsibility. all you can do is find out who did not take responsibility, what was a process. it probably had a process in place. companies have processes in place. someone just failed to follow through on the correct rosses. i think it is the lady head of gm right now, she is trying to do. it is just kind of silly how we -- and when i say we, the way things are transcribing in this country, the republicans probably will go wild. it is just crazy.

i'm really concerned about our country. it will be on our website at 2:00 today. the senate took up a vote yesterday. they're saying that the washington post reported that might be easy to pass a so-called toxic spill approved last week by the house, it is 17 time that congress has acted since 2003 to temporarily delay cuts. structural problem in the formula, the senators voted 64-35 to pass a bill. that delays the cuts for one year and a vote they came out after house republicans used a rare voice vote to get the measure to the lower chamber due to enter certainty -- due to uncertainty. the reimbursement cuts were set to go into effect after midnight tonight. richard from chicago on the democrats line. what? i've been

driving general motors cars since the 60's. i think they make a very good product. there are people calling and talking about how bad these products have been all these years. has had their issues and they did not make a big issue about that. one guy called up and said that in making garbage. all of our kids drive general motors vehicles. it is only a part. to me, it is the best vehicle you can buy. why thishe reason issue is so big now is because obama is in office and they just want to blow up everything that happens and blame everything on him. thanks for taking my call. host: this is kathleen from augusta -- from augustine,

florida. caller: i think that the recalls in general are overplayed. i have had one cadillac sedan deville. it has been bad. it is two years old or it is overheated and has all kinds of inherent problem's. cadillac refused to do anything about it. those cars that on the road, people know that. i agree with the man right before me. when you buy a car that's a mechanical thing. things can go wrong with it. people should not buy a car and expect infection. motorsink that general in general terms, i think that the new job protection side of so that it is not as careful as it could be with the production of their cars. the other cars don't seem to ongoing inherent

problems that general motors products do. host: i want to remind you that that hearing we have been talking about all morning with barra will take place at 2:00 today. is the gm topic ignition switch recall. that will take place at 2:00 today. we take a look at the topic of autism. an cdc report discovered alarming rise in autism among children in the u.s.. later, discussion about the population decline in rural america. two guests are joining us for that. "washington journal" continues after this first day of april. we will be right back.

[applause] my chair would like to ask distinct republican colleague if you were to future. yield to theto singer squeaker. >> will a gentleman please take the chair. [applause] [applause]

the house will be in order. [laughter] [applause] >> move it along. >> the chair yields to the distinguished speaker of the house for whatever comments and for however long it. however long a period. >> would you prefer that i do that before you speak on behalf of your own resolution, mr. speaker? >> it is or is there to get the resolution passed before the speech. [applause] cracks without objection the resolution is passed. >> without objection the

resolution is passed. [applause] >> thank you. thank you. i want to say it is a great pleasure for me to address you, allspeaker, and to say that of you said in my good friend dave bonior said has been a very touching thing for me, particularly to be here on this last day of the 103rd congress which saw many of my colleagues and to have a chance to say to you, all of you, republicans and democrats, what an honor it has been for me to serve with you. also, to all of my colleagues, past and present, who have

honored me by allowing me to serve with them. greatnstitution is a institution. it is, unfortunately not always seen in its full and proper dimensions by our fellow citizens. i think that is a great tragedy. because of all the institutions of our public life, it is in the congress and particularly in the house of representatives where this countries judgment and ambitionsconcerns and and decisions are made for the future. we have a task, i think all of us, those in public life and , to ensureead it that the true dimension of the work that is done here is understood and appreciated. other countries have presidents , butourts and magistrates

it is this institution which for so many of the people of the world has represented the congress, a place for they come together to screw the voice of american democracy. it is that voice that has found echo and resounding throughout the world today. the american democracy has been a symbol of liberty and freedom for so many hundreds and .undreds of lines of people we have a special responsibility to ensure that our own citizens do not fail to understand the value and importance of this, the house of representatives. and iving, i thank you salute you, and i wish you all, those of you who are leaving with me, and those who will be part of the hundred fourth congress, every success in the future.

follow in thisho great responsibility that they will have some of the same satisfactions and some of the great opportunities which i have had and for which i will always be deeply, deeply grateful. you, goodbye. >> figure, if i might exercise a prerogative the chair for just a to my, that is to say dear colleagues on both sides of the aisle, first, mrs. peter, thank you for giving me the opportunity to wield his gavel and actressesime in his chair.

it was something to behold. [applause] but more important, the speaker who just spoke with great insight into this institution or we do here as a body, i just want to say to all the members on both sides of the aisle, how much i appreciate the camaraderie and the core reality -- and the cordiality that i my timeerienced during in this body. all those good things that happened to me this past year and your acknowledgment from time to time, is overwhelming. i just want you all to know some of us chose to leave voluntarily and some obviously did not.

that is the way the system works. the more important thing is those memories we take away from this body. hopefully, they'll always be cherished ones of those wonderful days we spent as a member of the u.s. congress. thank you, each and every one. i yield back to the speaker. [applause] 35 yearsighlights from of the house floor coverage. c-span, created by america's cable companies 35 years ago and brought to today as a public service by her local cable or sell it provider. "washington journal" continues. joining us to talk about the topic of autism in light of a recent report from the cdc, good morning. guest: good morning, pedro.

thank you for this opportunity. autism speaks was founded in 2005 by bob and suzanne wright. bob was a chairman at nbc universal and a vice chairman of ge. he and his wife for grandparents to a child he was diagnosed at age two. normal and perfectly over time he started to withdraw into himself and have g.i. issues and other typical behavior for someone on the autism spectrum. he was diagnosed. what they recognized was that there was raise awareness of autism. we could get answers from their own doctors. they had resources available to them. they went everywhere and they were rejected or ignored or told to go home and take care of it. they said to themselves, if this is happening to us it is got to be happening to many other families around this country and around the world. company withthis

bernie marcus. a number of other ceos brought to bear all of the ceo experience to the urgency of the autism crisis. the term autism a lot these days. how would you define it? guest: autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. it is a spectrum. he sees people at one end of the spectrum who have severe intellectual disabilities. other challenges, behavioral challenges. a third of the population is nonverbal. they have people at the other end who are very verbal, who can function at a very different and thena higher-level everything in between. we know is that autism is a lifespan disorder. the needs of someone with autism involves as a person grows up. we often hear autism talked about in the context of children

or childhood disorder because we're so focused on early diagnosis and detection. the fact is, there are 3 million people in the united states who are living with autism. they age from two all the way to the 80's. we've got to develop a national strategy to address the community across the lifespan. there is no national strategy. that is what we are what asking for. we were at a press conference last week when the cdc released its numbers. a staggering 160 eight individuals being diagnosed every year on the autism spectrum. we had a press conference to draw attention to the fact that we have mechanisms to deal with research and programs and services. we need to come together and develop a strategy that addresses research, but all the priorities that come with the needs of someone with autism. number oneu said the in 68.

tell us on the details as far as where this one in 68 number comes in. guest: the cdc has adam sites. the study reflects 11 different sites. it is not a general population study, but a comparison of apples to apples. what we have seen is a staggering doubling of the firstence since the cdc started doing the studies back in 2000 and 2002. 2010.numbers reflect what we see, is we are not making enough progress on it comes to the age of diagnosis. we know from research that we can diagnose children as early as two. in fact, many symptoms start months tovident at 18 a year. at this point, 4.5 to five years old is the average age of

diagnosis. the hispanic and african-american communities are being diagnosed as late as eight years old. we are losing precious bible time in the six years on the skids be getting services and behavioral therapies. they can make a meaningful difference in their progress. the age of diagnosis is too late . a terrible disparity between the different populations in the , and again this 32% rise in the last few years. if you look at a chart, ribbing going in the wrong direction since it started counting. host: is a possibility that more cases -- that there's better diagnoses going on rather than more cases being discovered? guest: of course there's better diagnoses. many organizations around the country that are better diagnostic tools. that doesn't begin to address the doubling of prevalence.

we have a very incomplete pitcher about what is causing this increase. the numbers are real. can all get statistics. it is so important that everybody understand that behind every one of those numbers is a person living with autism. today in this country, 3 million people woke up and are living somewhere on the autism spectrum. they have needs, as i said, across the lifespan. many of those individuals have seizure disorders heard one third of them are nonverbal. they have g.i. issues. many one employment opportunities or they want an independent living a housing opportunity. not enough of that is available to them right now, given the of the programs and services and research that we are doing in this country. we have got to do better. liz felt joining us. if you want to ask your questions, we divide our questions by region.

also, if you or your family have been impacted by autism in any you canr experiences, talk about them as well with our guest. ms. felt, about $1.7 million are dedicated to the organizations for resorts -- for research. go?e did this money what type of research is being done? is genetic research and environmental research. speaks has invested $200 million of private funding since 2005, since your organization was started. they gelato partnering with the nih.

it is critically important. part of the value of a national strategy is to bring all the stakeholders together in a coordinated way. as a vehiclesm act to provide the funding. we did a lot of work with other organizations to lobby to get that first bill passed in 2006. president bush signed it. in 2000 --thorized it was reauthorized by president obama. we are lobbying for passage and we have a president -- unprecedented bipartisan support. the able act, which is a 529 account, tax-free so that individuals can say for all the problems that come with a disability. we have been fighting very hard to make sure that our veterans who get the same kind of autism benefits, that the federal

civilian workforce gets. general population gets. showed,ers you just they are a drop in the bucket compared to what you need when you look at what the prevalence is right now. we're going to continue fighting very hard. just for more research funding, but for a very coordinated strategy to identify what we want to fund, what needs to be done, and to make sure there's enough accountability for it. right now we are just not making enough progress and we are not making it fast enough. are: back to the research, we any closer to finding out causes? guest: pedro, evidence points to a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers. that is really what we know. read, whether it is effects of air pollution or toxins or certain gene mutations that indicate that perhaps

paternal age. again, nothing conclusive, but we know a little more. what we're really know is there are treatments available that can help someone who is diagnosed with autism. we are very focused on making sure that they are available to those who need them right away. the research is a long way off. there's no question about it. we look at the prevalence numbers and you see that we now have another generation of children who grow up with autism the nextning us for half hour to talk about the ups of the united states. again, the lines -- from california, on our independent line. go ahead. i am a teacher in

riverside county and i teach kindergarten. whoe children coming in display behaviors under the umbrella of autism. we try to take care of our students and help them. but the whole system is working against us. beginning with the insurance and the school districts that are not able to take care of the needs of these children. it is a crime to me. >> when you say the whole system is working against you, what do you specifically mean? caller: the insurance companies do not want to help the student so they ignored. they do not inform parents of behaviors that are abnormal. when the children come in with these behaviors, they deny it, -- sendl send it back

them back. a test was written for adhd which was not autism in children and the children are deftly displaying behaviors of autism. guest: i hear this every day. integratedack to the approach. if child is i graced it -- diagnosed at age two. the reason we need to invest in , whether insurance coverage or a private insurance company or other mechanism, the business you work for, we know between ages of two and five, we can make a dramatic difference in the development of a child. if that child is not eligible for insurance coverage, here she will have entered kindergarten with no therapy. public schools inherit the -- with, some widths significant special needs. the school does not want to deal with them but they will not

release the kids because they get reimbursed by the state government. people in the system are actually working against each other. she is exactly right. the parents end up being the child's only advocate. they have to go back year after year to their school district to fight for the right kind of for services they deserve. if we had a strategy that brings together policymakers, the research community, educators, parents, and individuals with autism, we could address the problem. in the meantime, the parents are on their own. on twitter -- question relates to

dsm five, which essentially broadens the definition of autism. the new criteria was not applied in the latest round of prevalence estimates. we do not know. what we do know is there are 3 million people living with autism today. that is more than what we were living with two years ago. the criteria will be applied in the next round of surveillance. we are also doing our own study in south carolina that replicates a study we did in south korea that estimates it is actually one in 38 and the prevalence is actually one in 38 individuals living with autism. the study is considered the gold standard because it is a population study. we went into the communities and interviewed and thought to individuals. we do not just rely on school and medical records. that is the most effective and the most accurate to determine the true prevalence. in the cdc, we are doing that in carolina.

i think that will help answer the question. we will take the new criteria and apply them. host: give examples. guest: disorders would fall under the autism spectrum. asperger's,s of more high functioning socialctually with interaction problems, that label would go way. that has been quite controversial. social communication skills and behaviors will be part of that diagnosis. let's not get off point. the increase cannot be explained aay by better diagnosis or change in criteria. we are using the same criteria we used two years ago and two years before that.

we see a real rise in this number without answers for it. missouri, a line we set aside for families living with autism. good morning. in 1965, i have had this since i was a little boy if they go back and read their law, kennedy said in 1962, i have been on medicaid all my life. passed in 62, i have been in the program all my life. talk, i learned how to do everything. it is not the law.

sign it in law and put a specially -- special education kids by ourselves. in the state of missouri. out of states to not want to obey the law. that is all i've got to say. it really falls under the diagnostic criteria. for people to advocate for , it is very tricky. often times, parents are not aware of it. it is very hard. to benefits get beaten down on a regular basis. we have got to do a much better people.mpowering

there are 50,000 kids, students, who are about to age out of school-based services. of 22.p over the next 10 years, that as half a million individuals living with autism who need lifeyment opportunities, skills, transition support, and housing opportunities. there is no mechanism right now to do that. is employed.hat educating and incentivizing employers to understand and appreciate the skills and abilities for people in the autism community. they can contribute in a meaningful way in business. , on a biglike walmart scale, or at a small scale, like a mom-and-pop shop.

there are people with plenty of ability who want to be integrated and meaningful contributors. joyce from silver spring, maryland. issue withave an more controversy. we have been discussing the possibility of a link between authors and -- autism, and we recently attended a conference where a doctor said every autism child he treated had a drug using mother during pregnancy. i wondered if i do something there look into. isticularly given today election day in the district of columbia and they are talking about legalizing marijuana to add more problems to our situations. guest: i have seen research on

it and i will tell you there is general brain research will help all of these communities. i applaud the president and the white house for their initiatives on brain research. presidentn from the and millions from leader cantor, they are very important steps. we have got to do more brain research because we will benefit from it. david, goods morning. say it i would like to needs to come from the federal government. my son has autism in south carolina. it has been a fight.

because my wife and i are adamant about hitting what he needs, one thing we are running into is the teachers. we have teachers not qualified and don't have the training to autism. son with the not only my son but other kids. it needs to be that are really installed and will force teachers to get training. put in ar, they are classroom and do not have any idea how to teach them. that needs to be done. whenever you come to south carolina, please call me. is your son in a special class or mainstream with other students? caller: in a class with autistic children and then mainstream with other classes. those teachers he is mainstream,

all of them do not have the training to teach my son. choiceld not be their whether they want to teach an autistic kid. it should be mandatory. tohey need to be forced00 get the training to keep -- teach kids with autism. it gets back to prevalence. system ischool inheriting a generation of kids they were not trained to take care of. we do not have enough special ed teachers given the rising prevalence. kids from the age of 2-5, they can be mainstreamed or mainstreamed within aid. that would go a long way. school needs to stand up and demand that reimbursements are

therapistshavioral who go into this line of work area this is a whole other kids issue. there is a short -- a shortage of therapists. the reimbursement rate is different from state to state. we have got to come together. we just had a tragedy in new york with an accident, which i'm sure you heard about, pedro. the security guards and people in the school were not trained adequately and were not aware of individual, ais nonverbal an autistic teenager. it happens all over the country. responsible for the well-being of a child or in the course of the day has got to have a certain amount of training to address the issues and needs of the child. solve some of these problems in the absence of that. you talk about education

and you talk about resources that have to be applied throughout the school and not just a sec. sect. guest: you are talking about funding. we have to set our priorities. pay now or pay a lot more later. the kids will go through school, as i just said, and without those kinds of services and support, speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, without those, they will age out at 22. then whose problem are they? they want to pay taxes, get a job, things everyone wants. financial independence. they are a lot less capable of doing that if they have no support on the front end of the school system. they do not have the life skills and then he opportunities or housing options either. this

gets back to the national strategy. sit down and identify what the real problem is and what it needs, not just today, but down to the next generation. we have my grandkids, your if nothing is done about this, we'll have the same conversation 10 years from now. the school has a responsibility. they have always kids. best askede of the one of the biggest if not the biggest. -- probably one of the biggest if not the biggest. this is kent from lancaster, south carolina. caller: i have a kid with autism. living with autism is very difficult.

-- over 60 drugs. some of them make it worse. diabetes,ade him -- and almost put him in a coma and killed him. with the school system, i have been fighting ever since he was in middle school to have somebody who specializes with kids with autism to help them. kids with autism are sending in the back and the beaches are not paying no attention. it is to service -- it is a disservice to the kids. 106 kids diagnosed with autism. we need more research. i think the pharmaceutical companies responsible for the drugs they put out. thank you. guest: another call from south

carolina. children on the spectrum need education. it is very painful to watch. between seizure disorders, anxiety, you have got a child who can take 5, 6, 10 pills a day. i cannot address the issue with the drug company itself. it gets back to the national strategy. it gets back to meeting all the people at the table in a those with help autism. it is that simple. these stories are the kinds of things we hear over and over. ultimately i'm a bit is about making autism a national priority. it does not have to be the highest priority, but it has got to be a priority. one of the things most , one of the things is bipartisan support in washington for the most

important priority legislation we have right now. we have the head of the democratic governors association , pete from vermont, governor ,hris christie from new jersey both saying we have got to have a strategy for this. then under mcconnell and editor reed came together. senator menendez, marco rubio. it says a lot. i do not have to tell you. you are living their everyday. we are at a point where there is no turning back. >> here is jamie from michigan. go ahead. good morning. this --i have a grandes grandson and great-grandson with asp burgers. burgers -- asperger's.

our grandson was not diagnosed until he was eight years old. ands very capable everything. he needs occupational therapy to find out what he is in, because they have to have a structured .ife that is all i have to say. thank you for calling. there is still a lot of shame and stigma throughout autism. we see still, even though we have been working on awareness for many years, so many parents afraid to,nt to,

embarrassed to go and ask for support. they live in denial. they get a diagnosis and go home and hide from everyone or a while or they do not go home because they are afraid of what they will hear. that is wrong. issue about mental health and more broadly, autism. we have got to get out from behind the shadows and really talk about and address it. parents are often ashamed. when they get a diagnosis, they feel guilty. we eh amend this amount of in hispanic communities. there are cultural barriers because they feel a tremendous amount of shame. once else will know more guilty than another. they do not want to admit the child needs treatment. if we start talking about this more openly, people like her

grandson and great-grandson will get the help they need. a lot of individuals are still being shortchanged. talking about any mental health issue can be very difficult for a family. they can all go to school. they are entitled to it publication. by the time they are too, at least more than half can be innstreamed usually within a a public school by the time they are five years old. it can vary, but a lot of them can. without early intervention, almost none of them would be mainstreamed. the integrated approach is most important. >> how does a parent negotiate with the school system about the services their child will receive? guest: quickly important

question. throughild is entitled the act 35 years ago to a public education. parents need to know the state has -- it is required to provide their child with an education. first up, go into the brussels say, here are my rights. and they feel empowered by those rights. and also to have an individualized education plan that defines exactly what the needs are of the student, whether it is the child is nonverbal him a certain behaviors that need special help, anxiety during the day, what ever it is. having a very specific plan that addresses and identifies the need of the child, it is the right of the parent and the responsibility of the parent, but it is the responsibility of the school to make sure that is taken into account. these parents have rights.

parents in new york city, all year, every year, every school year am a they are back in court. this is got to stop. back to cultural disparities, we minority in the communities, these parents are afraid and intimidated by the schools. we have got to do something about that and we are. the costs come a viewer asked if there are financial resources available to parents who cannot afford to do with an autistic child? sm.org, go to our website. cannot pay their electric bill or have medical bills they cannot pay. i do not know if you know this, for at of pocket cost parent without insurance or the insurance company does not cover it, it could be $60,000 a year

or a family. speech therapy and behavioral fit -- therapy, that is a second mortgage. nobody can afford that out-of-pocket. in states with -- when we don't have insurance mandates, those parents are out of luck. will end up in a one income household because one parent will have to stay home to take care of the child at a time when they can least afford it. citing for insurance coverage, i do not know what state that's we just came in from. >> does not say. >> it is geography. we know people who moved from indiana from other states because services are better there or they have insurance and are therefore the needs of their children. it is not uncommon to have to pack up and leave and go to get thelse

services and the coverage. >> can parents access disability jacob -- disability? guest: the combination of without a medical savings account, they can get ssi, but there are limits on that. so yes, it is not to medicare but medicaid, the special needs trust. it does not begin to cover the cost of independent living for someone who wants to live in a group home or 1 other independent housing0 not with their parents. 10 we have got to address that. 10it does not begin to cover the caller: good morning. i have a 20-year-old with autism. at 22, shees out

will have a job. she is already in a jobs program. high functioning. so many people are with so hope. there are kids getting the help they need and they are doing better. i wanted to spread a little hope to other people. talk a little bit. where did you find the sources of hope outside the school? in the school system or outside of it? caller: still in the school system. access them until they're 22. that is the year they turn them out. but we have been in the same school. we started at three. that is when her diagnosis was made. we are in the store right away. she was not verbal at that point.

she is very social. very good at it, very social. i also have a semi-adopted daughter that has asperger's and is doing really well. they have been in place program and will help these kids with special problems. adults with special problems, has.ger's and autism guest: good for her because the word hope is exactly right. there are wonderful programs on the way and it is not all the federal government needs to be doing or the state government or the local government. the public and private partnership is what matters. helping in sent private to develop supports and programs for people like this who need them. in the end, these are parents usually who come together to identify a shared need and then

go out and either build their own programs or find one that works somewhere else and wreck the -- replicate them at home. last year, we invested about $5 million in community programs area we will be closer this year to 8 million. we go out and do the same thing, find a program she just talked about and export it. host: how did you get involved with autism speaks? guest: a dear friend of mine has an adult son in his mid-20's on the spectrum. there once aeering wee9. he suggested i talk to bob and suzanne and i did. i told this to many people, i spent three of the most compelling hours of my career listening to bob and her talk about it. agenda.a very urgent

we look at this as a business. the board of directors and all the people who work there, we see families and clients and customers, we bring the same and urgency to the problem that we bring anywhere else, any other business. the fact they brought all their own resources to bear for the betterment of millions of people around the world is extraordinary. many people are working throughout the organization to volunteer around the country. 96 lots, 400,000 people walk in walks, millions of people have come to washington or written to their congressmen to help advance the mission, that is what keeps me here. i have seen progress already. we will get there. call, timothy from chicago. caller: my nephew has autism. 11 years old.

he is mainstream in the public school and will be transferred to the middle school next year. he wants to be an electrical engineer, which is great. he has breakdowns a lot. indicate,ak and can but yelling and screaming. he is very bad with basic math. addition and subtraction. we participated in the autism speech lock in chicago for several years. they do a great drop to tell -- to help them ouf . that is basically what i wanted to say. guest: this is why i do this job. the lockout in chicago, another one in the north shore, thousands evil come together as a community to be part of these locks and take action. these are not victims. these families are warriors and they are out there doing their part and not asking for anything they are not entitled to and

they get together to find solutions. that is the kind of energy that keeps me going here. autismspeaks.org. thank you. coming to stand

negotiations. officials say the deals would continue the talks in 2016. 400 palestinian prisoners. u.s. defense and intelligence prisoners have consistently argued against releasing him, who is serving a life sentence. the u.s. economy, home prices rose in february from a year earlier at his knowledge ace, suggesting a tight supply of homes for sale boosted prices for homes for sale. prices for existing homes rose just over 12% for february just over a year ago. i was up slightly in january. snow storms, rising prices, and higher mortgage rates combined to their lowest level in 19 months. subcommittee is set to hear today what the new ceo of general motors and the nation is top auto watchdog has to

say about its effects linked to 13 deaths. the national highway traffic is top autoassociation david fd the gm ceo are likely to face questions about why neither the recently. until you can hear live coverage of the event at 2:00 p.m. eastern time here on c-span radio or watch it live on his and rate. those are some of the latest headlines on c-span radio. recently. >> probably the most telling statistic out there has to do with the securement of metals, specifically purple hearts. the united states made so many purple heart medals, anticipating casualties in the invasion of japan, that we are still giving out the same stock of herbal hearts today. any american wounded today in

afghanistan received a purple heart forged for a soldier who will invade japan. >> american -- american and saturday onategies c-span three. >> we have to remember two thanks. first, we are there because we were attacked in new york city and 3000 americans were murdered. that is why we went to afghanistan, to get the people killing us. obama has said there is a limit to this within two years and we are not doing it anymore. so i agree with you, julie. at some point, you have to let them do it. gold, if wefirst get away from the afghans, etc., and look at what our first goal was, if i told you or any of our listeners in 2001 we would not

be attacked again in the united states of america for the next decade none of us would have believed that. at that point, al qaeda had more of the advantage. we now have al qaeda and the terrorists definitely on the defensive. this point, get out most of our forces from afghanistan. you, but we have been successful in what we really wanted to do as a country. that is to protect ourselves. >> analyst, author the next -- take yourwill questions. sunday on booktv. >> "washington journal" continues. host: we are looking at the changing state of the united states. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

their national policy programs director joins us. we're also joined by rolf, of the urban institute of the policy center and director of the organization. thank you for joining us. area of the united states. there are changes happening. what is happening across the country? guest: if you think about the three ways local populations can change, it is simple. birth, death, migration. all three of those things are stacking up more in favor of metropolitan areas than in favor of rural areas. some of the information that tells us that, 68% of the population from 2000 13, is it because of these trends or other factors involved? have seen rural populations increase and

decrease. the 70's were increased, 90's were increased. the changing economy. it has been hard on the entire country. we have seen population declines. .e have also seen growth areas the numbers have declined. birth,sgration, death, , moving from different parts of the country. it affects the ability to have infrastructure and capacity to be able to continue to serve rural areas. we know there is a lot of growth in rural areas and opportunities with climate mitigation. those are important parts of the future for our country. it is important for all of us in the entire country to be concerned about that. you take a look at maps in

the wall street journal talking 2out these topics, from 2003 thousand eight, a lot of the trends showing in the middle part of the country, but if you a to 2013 read below that, wider spread of the areas, these are all countries and drastic pages are taking place. a couple of things are probably going on there. if you think about the way rural america has changed over the last three or 40 years, there are two interesting kinds of changes. one of them is as a rural county gains population, they could slip over to the metropolitan category. the county growing or retaining population, they are likely to be on the metropolitan side of the equation. arearea is not growing likely to stay in the rural category. that is the statistical artifact.

young people have been mired -- migrating out. the people left over are baby boomers. now they are edging toward retirement age. they are more likely to pass away now than 20 years ago. the age structure of the population is older now in many rural counties. that means they're not having as many children. they are more likely to pass away from one year to the next year that is a long-term change in a lot of the rural counties and the baby boom is kind of showing up first in some of the areas where the migration has been longest lasting. especially the rural counties that have lost people to metropolitan areas with stronger economies for the most part. people are leaving because of jobs or other factors? guest: it is jobs but also just the lifestyle of an urban

setting. no doubt. it is true the population is aging. you look closer into the population estimates nec it is the age group from the 30's to the 50's, in some areas, they are moving back to the audio life. cool for their children. jobs. access and rod band technology opportunities, there are places to have careers in oral areas. we see them moving back. you look deeper into the population and you see that. he is right about the metro areas. 55% live in rural counties. they are living in metro counties but there is a component of a rural lifestyle that still exist in those counties. in the uniteding states, the topic is for our next yes. to dohere is the chance so.

if you want to give your local experience, you are free to do so. -- you can make your thoughts known on twitter or through e-mail. what defines rural america? when we say rural, what do we mean? many differente things based on many different definitions. it is unique across the country. there is not one. smaller area,y a but we have a resource aspect. there is definitely a resource development aspect. renewable energies, clean water and clean air. those are all important components. i cannot describe what is and what is not. some of it is very -- in the

mountains and alaska, that is rural. some of them is in the suburbs. they all have an important component to them important to our country in terms of sustainability for our future. because we pay so much attention to metropolitan economies now, it is what gets left over. i think it does a disservice to thinking about how to respond to rural change. a large part of the national land area with a lot of resources. an important part of our national future. with a little bit more concerted nuance about it what it means, and what are the areas growing, what are the areas shrinking, what are the implications for state and national governments there. once everything left over

you have defined counties as being micro politan or metropolitan. >> talk about taxation. when people move out, less taxes. what does that mean for the community? guest: it depends. it seems like it would be bad for the community. if there are fewer schoolchildren to educate, than they do not have to pay to educate the kids. the way the national balance worse, the federal government takes care of a lot of the costs of the elderly and local government takes care of a lot of the costs for the young. i cannot answer that simply without drilling down to state policy and what local governments do. are definite investment opportunities. less than five percent goes to rural areas. that is additive throughout the year.

do any strategic planning without that investment. community development. they have that in metro areas and it allows them to be larger strategic landing. there is less return per capita of federal funds. two rural areas compared to metro areas. all of that is additive at the end of the day and it makes it harder to do strategic mining and investment infrastructure planning capacity. we think in terms of regional rather than rural small communities. we think of regional affects. conglomeration, building up assets to think about the whole region. >> the first call is from maryland. good morning. you are on. do ahead, please. with thehe problem rural areas, a big role in the

rural areas, the farmers. they are mostly going out of business. is the reason you're having a decline, because there is no work there or the people who work there? there is a decline in the farming population. it is a smaller part of our economy. farm is still a large part of the economic component, but it is a smaller part of the population of rural areas. 85% comes from income off farm income. and youive on a farm likely have another spouse working at a different job, so you're getting 85% of your income in terms of the whole population. host: from wisconsin, hello. caller: to go rural would be

very nice, but the only problem diversified and there is a hint of prejudice or because in rural areas they do not have a lot of diversity there. maybe they should think about making it more diversified to attract different types of people. would you describe your area as rural or otherwise? about 35,000. you go right outside and you .ave a lot of fine -- farm area you do not see many black people. >> thank you very much. guest: i would like to do for this one. she is from southwestern wisconsin.

guest: thank you for your call. i am familiar with the area. i think it is considered a end oflitan area at the the day. diversity has those that challenge. not so much anymore. we have immigrant populations starting to move in the rural areas. i am familiar where you grow up and i think it is a great state. is it a trend you see? at the map,u look the rural counties that have not are the oneson where immigrant populations have grown. that is often associated with meatpacking and other rural pursuits or industries. it is associated with the furniture industry, at least it was for a while. the furniture is going down now as well. it depends on where you are talking about.

areas, they have been greeted with open arms and in others, there has been a lot more conflict. this is a really important area for policy and local area, to think about how all communities can be more welcoming to immigrants and consider as places fostering the next generation that may in fact stay in rural areas. host: from alabama. caller: this is nothing more than a power grab by people in the cities. -- what they are -- thes trying to counties in the rural area into the cities where they have money. real people control massive land. that is where the tax is. do not have enough people paying property taxes to survive.

grab.g more than a big they bought into it. the rurale people in communities providing what you need to eat, you folks in the cities will start. thanks a million. by. e bye. there is definitely an urban linkage we need to think about. there are important components for the sustainability of populations. you talked about food. there is also clean water and clean air and safety in terms of the climate mitigation we have to think about your safety in terms of discourse settlement patterns for global pandemics and that sort of thing. the world needs to be rescued nice -- recognized. from north carolina, hi. to comment oned top of the lady from wisconsin. i now want to also add on to

what alabama said. this is what i really wanted to say. there is something really going on that is wrong as far as racial diversity. and city planning. to alabama, i respect farmers greatly but, if you go , they are notas rural anymore. there are a lot of new build or new developments that go up. beautiful homes. shopping centers built around these rural areas. you would be surprised. but there is no diversity. these people, i do not want to say white people, but these people moved to the rural areas and leave -- leave the cities

more populated by people of color. then the slumlords come in. i'm not talking about apartments. i'm talking about houses. they come in and drive property taxes. people moved out of the neighborhood. i would call the death spiral. then more slumlords move in and put in more bad people. the rural areas are not called rural areas anymore. may neighborhood way back out in the county, they do not have a city property taxes. it is important to think about the connections between cities and suburbs and rural places. it is a continuum and more connected. -- sometimes those connections can be really healthy connections in which

people in a region and world surroundings work together to think about the challenges we have as a nation. the baby boom is getting older now and that is a challenge and an opportunity for us. the population is moving into the labor force. there are these challenges we face collectively as a country that come out differently in cities and suburbs and rural areas. themad of us and we really need to think about how we can work together to face challenges in the next 20 years. i get the sense the areas you are talking about are a traction areas in terms of natural beauty emma people trying to move there for that aspect or they are retiring

there, her interest -- four inches -- for instance. and changing populations, they have challenges across the board. host: -- for those rural areas that see these trends happening, are they employing strategies to change the trench and what are the strategies? guest: there is a push to think about regional strategies. but there is local arts and culture. particularly about -- around community colleges and universities. communities, growth areas. ofifferent definition nonmetro. the communities are 10,000 49,000 care those have a lot of room potential in those areas. there are cooperatives around

grenoble energy. we have great innovation about how we tap into resource possibilities we have. entrepreneurial agriculture is a very large segment of the rural economy. point and the call about farming previously, is part of the strategy changing one industry and developing the area to accept another industry? >> in some cases it is. agriculture will probably remain important for a long time area in some areas, it may look like a micro calls in areas. if they're close enough to the metropolitan areas like the northeast corridor, the fact of concern in cities about where your food comes from could give an impulse to agriculture in those areas.

it is not just shifting from actor altered to something else. in some cases, it is shifting from one kind to another time and time in with the arts and culture and seeing each of the rural places as having its own uniqueness, instead of being , it is still very important for the economies, it is not the only game in town for that culture anymore. the younger generations have a general understanding of what we need to do for the sustainability of our future in the country. they recognize in rural areas is where it takes a stand it is the value it has to the rest of the economy. we have seen that much more oh in the younger generation than we have in the older generations. it is a new reality we face. from you have just heard

jocelyn richgels and rolf pendall. in pennsylvania, good morning. state ai would like to lot of the urban sprawl -- i see you talking on their. host: go ahead. caller: i used to drive down to maryland a lot because we had a brother drive down there and down to --frederick i cannot think of the name of the town down there. rockville, maryland. use to all the farmland but now it is all modes held in hotels and destinations and the whole nine yards. we live up here in rural pennsylvania. i have to say we have the best weather in the world.

seasons.he four we do not have it too cold or too hot. always a nice wind. the hill live on, is 4005 feet.e you can see forever on a clear day and you can the all of the new windmills down around altoona and some of those different towns area one thing we have i would never want to give up, i has been from california, new york, and all of that. one thing i would never want to give up is the beauty and the privacy we enjoy out here that you can never have in the big cities. you walk into new york city and you look up, you cannot see, you can barely see the sky let alone anything else. just large buildings. you feel trapped. out here in the rural area. i will also comment that when i

was a young boy, you could walk for five miles 10 miles and you will not see a single house. houses everyhe 000, 8000 yards. guest: the beauty of rural areas is one of the things that keeps people there. as the beauty gets slowly taken away for a lot of reasons, by planning decisions that are probably not so great in the long-term thomas rural communities lose their integrity that may keep and attract people there, and uniqueness. it is an important point to think about what they offer us as landscapes and culture of the united states.

guest: you can tell he is clearly proud of where they live. the sense of place people have is different across the country. there are zoning challenges in rural areas, but a lot of rural areas come to find the necessary balance for that. you can tell he enjoys where he has grown up. host: there are success stories. trying to buck those trends. guest: we all know about north dakota and fracking forecast of their. that is one of the trends, for certain. kentucky has a number of federal investment grants, the race to cap education grants. the usda strikeforce, with

targets poverty areas. they are in the region of kentucky and it is great potential there for strategic thinking and hold the -- hopefully the programs can work together. southare areas in the with north carolina in particular. the culture is very progressive and success. that: i want to make sure people don't lose sight of the ist that losing population unfortunately a sign of bad things. inevitablerobably for the next 20 years or so. there will be parts of the u.s. that lose population. , it'sng about this probably not all that productive. instead, the question is, how can we roll places -- rural

places stay great? there are places that are trying to get ahead of this. what is the quality of life for the people there? people who don't have good health right now, are they well enough or tech did by these enoughtions -- well protected by these solutio institutions? a 20 was a story about year difference in life expectancy between the county in west virginia and the county in virginia a few hundred miles apart part. there are a lot of reasons for that. not a deep indicator that all is well in health and quality of life for world people. r rural people.

that's something to remember. host: so many would have grown up in urban areas would be shocked at the minimal services available. guest: this is true. there is a vicious circle in ural residents tend to be healthier when they migrate than those who stay behind. they have high levels of education. there's a lot about the migrants that are flushing out the people who are healthy and leaving out a population that is more vulnerable. there has not been enough --estment because it's hard doctors don't want to live there. the health and the health care systems of rural communities become more stressed and destructive at the same time. as the urban population enjoys

improvements in their services. host: let's go to charles from florida. caller: i live in a community of 1000 homes. it is 25 miles away from a metropolitan area. when the roads have to be repaired, we are shafted and we have to pay these things. by thes been described number of cars. what i'm hearing from these two people here -- these people seem to somehow it made a full-time of -- the terminology i've heard our collective thinking, planning opportunities, central planning, climate mitigation, quality of modestth intervention -- are you people

funded by the federal government? are you just collectivists who dislike individual living? guest: thank you for that point. we are funded by many different sources. the's the beauty about world. the individual aspects of people's opinions in role ural aspect. but keeping in mind the individual components. the urban institute is funded by grants and contracts from federal agencies and philanthropy. we study the effectiveness of government programs that are enacted by congress and that are carried out by executive agencies. to the extent that these programs are a reflection of the collective will of congress. those are the things that we study.

as a nationsions that we want to make investments . it is our job to figure out how well those programs are running. to the extent possible to make reach their full potential. we don't advocate for particular programs or for particular policy interventions when they are debated. we are not lobbyists. our role is to try to shed light on important questions so that the basis of my comments is majority of americans. a 20 year that difference in lifespan between isal and urban counties something we have to work on. it costs us all. is probably not

something that each individual can handle on his or her own. we need a lot of different systems, both private and government to work on that. host: this is troy, ohio. debbie is next. caller: good morning. i was wondering if they could speak to the agenda 21. everyone should look that up. agenda 21 -- if you could speak on that. the government plans is to stack and backend but everybody in the city. you can't grow a garden. the windmills they have out there for the green energy is killing all of our american bald eagles. everybody should be outraged about this. -- you hear about is everybody is so jealous about what someone else has.

the american people need to read their 10 commandments because god is judging them. mentioned agenda 21. what is that? people sitting right there -- i'm sure they know about it. they want to take all of your rural people, take their land and water and air and put everybody in the city and they will stack us like a pancake. stack and pack. guest: the caller refers to an is a conspiracy or a group of people who want to see things -- take things away from rural people. that is a reflection of the america within rural

and america as a whole. at the urban institute, we try to do research and shed light on information based on a merkel evidence. evidence notirical in favor of the idea that there is that kind of conspiracy. there are plenty of people who areas who want better control over the difficult forces of changing business and changing society. peopleometimes makes feel like they are at the mercy of something beyond their control. i see planning and other voluntary activities like planning not as being someone facttaking control but in coming together to debate with their problems aren't coming up with strategies that fit and work well. there is a wide variety of strategies that are highly

respectful of local individualism. host: a quick google search explains it as the one development. guest: i do know that there is a need --rural has a great future. a need for investment in infrastructure and capacity. we continue to have a strong r a to take advantage of the opportunities that we have. i'm not familiar with agenda 21 so much. i do know that there are conversations about how we wisely invest in our rural areas. in my describing itost: correctly? guest: that is what it is. i have not seen any evidence that it is true.

good morning, everyone. thingsd to speak to the that the other colors previously stated. previously stated. un.da 21 is from the it is trying to get everybody to move to the city. al areas are for people who have self-sustaining lifestyles. like the other caller stated, it's all about stacking and packing. in the cities, you guys don't need property we taxes when we bought our property already. paying for all of this other stuff. for?uch stuff can we pay

is starting to get ridiculous. host: he describes self-sustaining lifestyle. guest: right. there is a self-sufficiency about rural people that we need to take advantage of and in sure that has the capacity to continue. it is a strong component of our future and it is something that rural has always been able to have a self-sustaining future. host: walter from mississippi. good morning. caller: the morning. -- good morning. ruraleople move to real you seeuc desegregation. when they started schools, they stopped that.

i'm not sure i understand the question. host: he talked about desegregation across the u.s. and it affected migration habits. is many years ago. the trend that we are seeing now is movement toward the biggest cities. the decisionsthat about where to live were made in the wake of desegregation rulings a long time ago. it is possible that people's views have changed enough that they're living in cities. emigrants are finding a lot of good places to live in cities and suburbs. the story of the population changed in the west we will grow by 150 million people in the next few years. most of the population growth is

happening and that tino and african-american populations. in latino and african-american populations. host: these trends we have been talking about continuing -- when will it become a major problem for the federal government? a majort is already problem for the federal government because we do have a need for strong rural population. there are programs that the federal government is working on in terms of investment in rural. it is something we need to have a conversation about in terms of -- we need to have a population base in rural areas. guest: there is an important role for the state government here. one of the duties of the american federalism is states can come up with policies and often do come up with policies that are conducive to rural areas. having a relationship

between federal and state --ernment in which the state in which federal represents states or flex dates and vice versa is an important part. and then county government working together sometimes is also part of this question about how rural communities can respond in ways that reflect the res and theesi long-term interests of the states. host: we started taking a look at a sampling that was done by the census bureau. when do we see the next set of samples? what will that tell us? the american community survey several areas is every five years. every five-year average is what we get. nextot familiar when w the sample comes up. guest: we will be getting the data annually.

are not untiles the next census is done. donef these estimates are on the number of permits that are issued. the precision of these estimates year-over-year is not as good as when youion you get go out and count everybody as required by the constitution. thanks for the time today. coming up, we're going to take a look at what are known as h h1pv. we will get a news update from c-span radio. >> the u.s. ambassador to india has submitted her resignation to president obama and will retire before the end of may. ambassador nancy powell did not give any reasons for her decision. has planned for

sometime. she took the post in new delhi two years ago riot to president .bama nominating her a she was director of human resources. she ended a 37 year career that as u.s. aed postings master to ghana, pakistan, nepal and india. politico reports that house republicans are expected to unveil a budget today that seeks to make their proposed revamp of medicare more politically palatable. paul ryan is expected to unveil a budget that would give people a 55 and the -- age 55 and younger a choice between keeping traditional medicare or receiving a subsidy to buy private health insurance. the house meets at noon eastern time and you can watch live coverage on c-span. the senate begins their day at 10:00 a.m. eastern. r showssenate report that caterpillar has avoided

paying $2 billion in u.s. taxes and the year 2000 by shifting profits to switzerland. the committee will meet this morning to hear testimony from representatives from caterpillar . the report says that caterpillar million towater $55 develop its tax strategy. live coverage of the hearing begins in 15 minutes on c-span 3. those are some of the latest headlines on c-span radio. c-span. 435 years, bringing public affairs events from washington directly to you. putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house events, briefings and conferences. and offering complete gavel to gavel coverage of the u.s. house , all as a public service of private industry. we're c-span. created by the cable tv industry 35 years ago and brought to you as a public service by your

local cable or satellite provider. watch us in hd, like us on facebook and follow us on twitter. >> it is a temper town. town.ber it was to begin with. industry,ght of the if you were to drop into bend in 1928, you would have smelled the and get itawdust on your clothes. you would hear periodic mill whistles from the two gigantic super mills that were on the banks of the river. it would have permeated everything. it would have been 10 minutes whereom the downtown core all the shops were but you would've seen the smoke from the

smokestacks and the burners. you would've heard the whistles and known right away that you were in the middle of timber town. >> book tv in american history tv look at the history and literary life of and, obend, oregon. >> washington journal continues. host: our final segment this morning is with scott and the executive director of compete america. good morning. for those who don't know, what is compete america? that has a coalition been in existence for two teches. it is made up of companies primarily. a lot of companies that you have heard of. google, microsoft, hp, intel. companies that do a lot of highly skilled it is not exclusively about immigration, but emigration has been a squeaky wheel for a long time. we also do work in the workforce development area and we spend a

lot of time trying to think about retraining and how to get people who have some of the skills we are looking for in the u.s. and get them any place as u.s. citizens to be able to find jobs in what is a growing and blooming technology. host: you say immigration is a squeaky wheel. what do you mean? guest: if you think about what we need to continue to do the work we have done to make america a global leader in innovation, there's lots of pieces that fit into it. we want the best talent no matter where they are born. we also have a lot of people here who are very talented. we are a wealthy country and we spend a lot money on education. it seems we're losing some of the interest of students who have choices. when they are leaving high school or going into college, some of the jobs we're talking about in the technology space -- there was a mythology that you have to be some guy in a lab coat or have crazy hair like albert einstein. in truth, a lot of those jobs could be done by people who are choosing to become lawyers or

choosing to become mbas. why are we attracting more of those american students into those fields? the one thas that we are attracting complain that they are having a hard time competing in the classroom with foreign students. something is happening. we think it's probably around seventh grade. something is happening to our students here that is not their ability to pursue this as a career path. not in huge numbers, but large enough numbers that we could do a better job than we are doing. training folks to enter this workforce. host: specifically, the jobs that you are requiring require something called an h1 visa. guest: we require several kinds of visas. the h one b is in the middle of that. before we even get there, we use

the s student visas and jb says in order to bring more talent ixes with make homegrown talent. people graduating with computer science degrees that are masters degree level are foreign. the improvement levels start of the college level. once they finish with that student visa, then we move them because we need to recruit them in a short period of time. that isr piece of this bigger in terms of permanent workforce is the green card. we don't have enough employment-based green cards to meet the demand we have from the b and student side. people want to be educated here and want to remain here and we don't have these as that will allow them to do so permanently. at least, none in the number

that meets the yearly demand. we end up with these huge backlogs. these backlogs contribute greatly to dissatisfaction in the workforce here and keeping a hib.of people on an it is not meant for people to live on. host: how many of those visas are granted by the u.s. on a yearly basis? guest: 85,000. it's an artificial deadline. happening, there is such a huge demand that everybody files on april 1. about 2-3 days from now, we will find out that they ran out for the entire allotment for the year. months -- to give you an idea, processing speed will have doubled for a lot of different types of technologies before these companies will have a chance to higher someone again

-- hire someone again. a series ofent gets visas and comes here. how long does it last? h1b can last forever. the problem with that is there are some people who we want here temporarily but we don't want here permanently. that is how that visa was designed to be used. a lot of the companies i represent use it simply to house their employees who should be getting a green card but can't because we have a backlog. h1bto give you idea -- an is given to someone for a very specific job. not only can they not start a new job, they can't even change jobs within the company for which they work. imagine that you have an up-and-coming person here at c-span and you start them at a lower position and they learn the business as they're going. if you were to hire them on and

cardnd they needed a green , that individual would be stuck in the original job that you hired them for 10 years. not many people will put their .areer on hold for 10 years it is a growing sense of the satisfaction around the green card. not only are we running out of visas on day one in order to recruit these individuals, once we get the man, we don't have enough green cards to push them out the other side. we are sandwiching these individuals with our visa system. host: here to talk about the visa process and their high skilled worker needs. four lines for you this morning. .or republicans (202) 585-3880 for democrats (202) 585-3881. for independents (202) 585-3882.

twitter and e-mail also available. north dakota on our independent line. caller: i just have one question. everybody talks about bringing people in on b says and this and that. it costs us money to bring these people into the country. why don't these big spends of companies spend more money on americans and educate them to do the jobs? is it because it will cost them more money to educate people and it's cheaper to bring immigrants in? what bigthat's business is doing. i think that is a good question. it's at the center of the debate about highly skilled emigration.

-- highly skilled immigration. i just noted that in 18 months, any company that is working on processors will probably double the power of that processor. are dealing with a time sensitive industry. we are doing a lot of country for our employees. we are doing a lot of training as companies even before they enter our workforce. we need the people that know and have the skills today to do work that we need done today. it's not about avoiding american workers. the companies i represent, 80% of their workforce is american. -- these highly skilled foreign professionals are complementing and augmenting. they're not taking large numbers of jobs from americans in these companies. where we can find americans, we hired them. where we can't, we had to turn

overseas. make on point i want to why foreign workers and how does it not hurt american workers -- we know that for every one of these foreign workers who comes here, they bring skills that combine with the u.s. workforce that we have and create jobs. if you go to compete america.org and look on the website, you'll see a jobs calculator. since last april, 500,000 jobs .ere not created in the u.s. most of which would've gone to american workers because we did not have enough of visas available to bring these types of workers who do their s to create opportunities for other u.s. workers to have jobs here in america. host: republican line. good morning. caller: good morning. great program. i'm someone who wanted to comment on this because i've been doing software development as an independent for 25 years.

work visas have been stagnant for a long time. i don't believe your representative is telling both sides of the story. a corporation needs developers -- what needs to be talked about is what the wages are for developers. as long as they can: foreign labor for i.t. workers from or any offrom asia it region at a lower rate -- costs about $1600 for an employer in america to sponsor a foreign worker and ring the men. $1600 per year. the point i'm making is that the hourly rates have been stagnant for about 15 years because they keep bringing in these visas and asking americans to compete. road,keep going down this and another 15 years, two things will happen. my axman of dollars will be cut amount of my x

dollars will be cut in half and students will not join the industry because they don't want to compete with the wages. host: when there is a shortage of tech workers, wages inspire students. guest: there's a couple of answers on wages. cameron, he called it stagnant. they remain relatively flat when you adjust for inflation. they have been rising with inflation. people on the other side will point to that and say there is no shortage. of course. is two problems with examining wages in the way they are trying to examine them. an academic problem that relates to something i will talk about in a moment. a comparative analysis with alternate fields. the first piece -- let's look at the industry and those wages. inhave had a 30% increase

the number of technology workers in the u.s. the argument that there is a surplus yet wages have remained relatively flat is wrong. thatpponents often argue there is a lot of people who will do these jobs. if there were, we would see wages going down as a result of the number of workers that we are bringing in. that doesn't amount to a shortage. the mistake that people make when they're looking at wages is that they forget, this is a global market. it is a global industry. what causes increase in wages isn't simply on the labor side. it is on the demand side. i have a supply and demand that both have to move in proper direction or one has to move and the other not moving. we would see an increase in due to demand.s. if the west was the only alternative. this is the cornerstone of why we have to do something in order

to make sure that we are bringing people here. the alternative isn't that we can bring anyone here so the jobs that we have open will naturally go to people who are ok at it or to someone who is here. jobs don't have to stay here. that is the reason why you don't see an increase in wages. we are competing globally for this labor supply. when you have u.s. workers based in the u.s. who have benefited from a couple of workers coming here, that is a much smarter policy outcome than cutting off workers to the u.s. and then saying, ok, we hope that global companies will just decide not india and ireland and china and start hiring heavily over there. the reason why demand has remained stable and wages remain stable is because there is relief.

it is just outside the u.s. and we don't benefit from it. host: richard from austin, texas. independent line. good morning. caller: good morning. i'm glad to talk with you all this morning. in theseveral sons engineering business. one of them works for a large company here. and they 50 engineers started dealing with chinese companies. got rid of all but my son. he was the last engineer there. they took on the engineering documents from china. he refused to sign them. people. it will kill

they let him go. now there is none there. borderaised on the south . people came across the border. cheaper labor for farmers. somehow, we've got into a country of and by the corporation instead of of and by the people. sorry for your'm son. that sounds like a really awful situation. of pieces in that as well. i'm not sure all of them are related to immigration. we need to be cautioned about our training partners. i'm a big believer that the only way we will really change things in china is to be active participants in their economy. once people see free markets at work, it will be much harder for to have thatimes influence over its workforce.

et atnk he is trying to the knowledge transfer issues. that goes back to the other wage point i was going to make. side of wages is, you compare wages in an economy to other alternatives. surplus.is a if you enter technology today, you will make more money than if you enter into the legal profession or into the business profession. there was a consistent bonus for entering. that is how you compare wages. it is a noisy indicator. we don't account for the simple wage study within a single industry how the economy is looking. how the overall picture of jobs looking. what we can do is look at it relative to being a lawyer or some kind of business executive. what we see insistently, technology workers are paid more money than their intellectual

counterparts from an academic perspective. as far as knowledge transfer goes, in cases where that is happening, that is part of the economy is-- changing. i want to be very clear on this point -- that does not mean it is not a real problem or that some american workers aren't suffering as a result. we can't be callous or cold towards that. we have to find a way to do better workforce training in the bills that we pushed. our organization -- we put together a fund that would have provided a large amount of money towards workforce retraining for adult engineers who say, ok, i'm 90% there but i can't quite get the job interview i want because my resume doesn't look like it should work not good on the certifications that are necessary. will help tofund deal with some of this disruption issue where people -- they will not have jobs.

it is a shame but it is part of what needs to happen in order for an economy to move forward. we can do a good job creating energy in this industry while also making sure that we're protecting u.s. workers. we can do both if we are smart about it. host: is it true that recent workers are more interested in the job itself and the less so where the job is? guest: i worked with 70,000 immigrants from india for years. e closef them wer friends of mine. broad statements about the plight that -- i don't think this person is meaning to sound a big, but that is generalization about a group of people. are people interested in having a job? yes, most are. to suggest that people aren't pursuing their own happiness or that they are not pursuing the american dream with the same energy as an american, i think goodis a dishonor to a

group of people who are doing what they can to support their families. host: republican line. john, good morning. is, i wase thing it is theall about -- best thing i can think of. putting people to work to have these jobs already in the u.s. educate them to do better in their jobs. as far as immigration reform, wrong idea. i think people need to take a twitter andbook and that it is not immigration laws. what it is is illegal alien law. guest: i don't even know where

to start in terms of the broadness of the comment. let's talk about sincerity. sincere in sides are this. too much of our time is spent in washington trying to demonize or turn into some kind of nefarious activity the efforts of others. i think the colors who are worried about the visas have some personal experiences that are not good with that visa. needs to work as well as we can make it work. willow bay perfect? it will never be perfect. -- will it be perfect? it will never be perfect. we assume some of the accountability for our activities and we know that there are risks. as far as what people are doing to improve their chances of thingsired, there are

the government can do. but that responsibility rests on individual workers. if you want to be competitive, our country guarantees you an opportunity to be competitive. not the right to simply have a job. host: your organization that you s that you represent, do they ask you to recruit on american campuses? guest: absolutely. they are here in the u.s. it's why we have so many foreign students in this programs. to helpually pay support these programs and make them even more meaningful anduse they don't get loans they are not paid late. they are an integral part of the ecosystem with emory university's for computer science. we recruit primarily from u.s. schools. half of the engineers we encounter are foreign. we have to find some legal means for them to remain here. a lot of americans stop at undergrad. are they less motivated?

i don't think that's it at all. if you were an undergrad in engineering and you are good and we know the professors can talk to you, our recruiting practices are so specific that bill gates used to say, he knew at each university which professors were the ones that needed to be looked at in terms of grades. if they had made a certain grade in that class, it was already a pretty good sign that they would be able to do well in this workforce. a lot of american students leave after undergrad because they can get jobs very quickly with that degree. stay a bit students longer for a variety of reasons. some of them are associated with our immigration system. if you have a masters degree, when you convert to a green card , you will be at a higher level of employment-based category and there will be less competition for that green card.

stop at the undergrad level will be waiting for 10 years. the executive director for computer america. minnesota, paul. caller: i was in florida fo eight years ago and knew some waitresses that were under the h 1b visas. they were making three dollars an hour. it was legalized slavery. one of the dollars was paying room and board. the money they were making was all off tips. what you rancho h1b, thatat were an

was illegal and i hope you reported it. there may have been some other scam going on there. or any temporary visa you see, be a responsible citizen and make a few phone calls. you can find that there are reporting systems for all sorts of things related to immigration practices in the u.s. report it. if those girls are making three dollars an hour and even that three dollars is being taken away from them, that is illegal. i would argue, if on a visa or not, we cannot legislate by anecdote. that is a serious problem. we have lots of serious problems that we don't take extreme actions to try to solve.

i talked about the issue of drunk driving a lot. , that is an agree awful thing. people die as a result. families are destroyed as a result. the easiest solution would be to stop the highway system. territory. -- tear it apart. that is not a smart solution. we talked to someone who was lost someone, i know with the pain of loss is. you can communicate that to someone. you talk about someone's livelihood. you can't convince someone who was laid off that it's ok, don't worry, it's good for the country. we need to be respectful of the fact that some people are hurting as a result of this. but we don't talk about shutting down highways as a result of drunk driving because a lot of good does come from that highway and we have to keep that in

mind. those of us were n personally involved in it. the same is true of our visa system. than bad comes from it. more good than bad. that's the point that people in both parties must keep in mind. 's economyr country depends on immigration to this country. host: brooklyn, new york on our democrats line. the morning. caller: good morning. one of the comments that i have is that the gentleman mentioned 85,000e visas are per year and the individuals who want to come from other countries need degrees to enter the u.s. to obtain positions in companies. are we saying that the education s in otherin the othe countries are much higher than

those in the u.s.? that these individuals qualified to be able to come and take these positions but did not have the same business opportunities in their countries to develop their own businesses that conversely are saying that 100% of the same qualified individuals are fully employed and the makeup is the 85,000 individuals. guest: that's a good question. this is your first time looking at this issue, you're a bright individual for capturing all that. i think the answer to the first part related to education systems. fine at the seventh grade and then something is happening. what we're seeing is, in computer science, you begin to

and the an early age language. math is a language. ideas andsents replaced latin as a universal and which. you have to speak it fluently in order to feel confident in doing some of this computer science or becausends of sites is you're inventing. it's like writing a novel. if you can't speak it language it will be hard to write a novel. our education system is not producing people who feel really confident entering into college and competing against foreign students. what they sacrifice and china -- this is just me -- i'm not an expert in international education. i would let to see a segment on why this is happening in the u.s.

my opinion based on what bill gates has said to me, they are good at memorization because they're hungry. they are hungry and they have a specific national policy that they are going to try to identify. almost like russia used to do for the olympics. they will try to identify that t talent and hammer home math and science. are they violating what we would consider constitutional rights in doing it that way? could we ever replicate that in the u.s.? i don't know. we may not want to. we might lose the creativity that our country produces in the technology space. if we are to look at the examples of other countries, what we are realizing is that they are producing a lot of the wind young people and mathematics were able to successfully compete in the most competitive computer science programs in the world. that is in the u.s.

as far as full employment, there's always some unemployment . i have an ongoing debate with people on the other side as to what full length limit is for the technology space. some people argue that because because of the high competition that 1-2% is full employment and technology. it's fivection, percent. if i have them transition to other projects, that is normal rate of unemployment. theould argue it's more in 3-4%, which is where we are right now. we have a large number of immigrants coming in and a u.s. work force that exists and low unemployment in this field. i have a rising but -- background in economics -- people are not counting on the ,act that some of the demand there is a relief valve. in agriculture, i have to pick

the crops where they grow. find peoplei can't here, the relief for that demand is outside the country. we have full employment in this country but the point isn't what we have now come it's what we could have. we could hire even more people and those people could create more opportunities for american jobs. we are talking about the jobs calculator. at one of these folks will create more jobs for americans. if we change the system, we could create more jobs. it's counterintuitive, but we can do it. one smart individual can do a lot to help with unemployment in the west host: 85,000 is the threshold for h1b. what is the ideal number? they would move with the markets and fluctuate according to the man. it has been as high as 195,000. lags --congress always

we joke about how congress can't do a proper regulation or a visa system because they are always behind. in the late 90's and technology and they passed a bill that gave us 195,000 visas just in time for the.com bubble to burst and we never even used most of them. then it dropped down again and bubble burst and we recovered and we need morgan. we would like to see something where the market fluctuates according to demand. host: companies are outsourcing i.t. departments. guest: outsourcing is also interesting. -- main country outsourcing it's a natural kind of outsourcing where i had to move jobs overseas. the e-mail is asking about in country. this goes to another part of this debate where there are

different types of people using the h1b system. companies like microsoft or arele or intel or oracle bringing people in and transitioning to green cards. there are companies that are called nondependent companies and most of their workforce is u.s. e we these individual companies like ibm, mostly american workforce and do the1b outsourcing were talking about. then there are companies that are mostly what we call dependent companies. these are large outsourcing firms that are primarily comprised of h1b, up to 80%. it is a major source of controversy over the visa. host: pat, good morning.

washington, d.c. ayller: i wanted to s something. are you a millennial? guest: no. i was born in the 1970's. as you know, back in the 1970's, that is when the computer age really started to be introduced. it didn't take off but it was just being introduced. basically, around the world, we had to explain and make a rough draft of what it was that we saw. that was wha wind the vision was born. they had to train millennial's and we had to do it in steps. that the government -- they had to put down what we were doing. what our vision was, set an agenda. this is where we want to go. the first level of millennial's

and reformers are the ones who -- we get people from the outside. i'm not knocking immigrants. years. them 10 pledge -- at the same time, we doing a trust market now that we kno have an american brand. guest: i know where you were headed with that. there are compliments and substitutes. it's really simple to do, even from high school economics. a complement is something that goes with a company. andher it be an engine wheels and the car, they all come home and each other. a substitute would be one engine

and another engine. you can have both. if you do, you will have some decisions to make. the value of both goes down. when looking at immigration policy, we are trying to think about what's good immigration policy, especially on the business side. we need to be very careful that we are coupled limiting and not substituting. this is true of highly skilled and agricultural workers. this is true of construction. a lot of time and energy is trying to make arguments about complements and substitutes. if we aresagree that we a bringing in substitutes, it is bad for our country. coupled three, what do you do? do you not get all of the value out of the system because you are worried about smaller instances of substitution?

if there are problems with substitution, yet most of it is koppelman three, people will be upset and vocal. becomplementary, people will upset and vocal. it's also members of the supreme court that need to catch up on technology. i wanted to say that, with regard to your well spoken remarks about language, there is toays legitimate functions enable people to get patents. that's with the whole orientation of the stem program should be. enable individual citizens to get patents.

i lived within easy commuting distance of silicon valley for more than 12 years and the republican nominee who ran in 2002 was the biggest supporter 1b's in congress, he never paid any political price for being such a huge sponsor even though it hurt many workers in the district because the house prices in silicon valley were so high that they were out there selling houses for $2 million. onst: you have my sympathy housing prices in california. i worked for a california member and saw what you got for your money out there. i can tell you that it's criminal. the prices people pay, especially in silicon valley. , i first point about patents

think property ownership will become more and more important. intellectual property industries are the fastest growing industry in the west it is very likely that will be our major contribution to the world economy. it drives home the need to make sure that we have everyone that should be here and can be here without hurting american workers working in the u.s. patent ownership is very important. i don't know that i love people would disagree. a lot of the money it takes to invest and develop patents requires large corporations. the large corporations owning a lot of patents. ,here are lots of moms and dads young engineers who have had good ideas for years and are working on them in their garages. being able to file a patent is process.ive as far as the population of h1b

's in silicon valley, that is a hotbed of debate. in california, technologists n very outspoken. the answer always lights in some kind of compromise. one that makes sure that we are no creating opportunities for all americans. host: what about the issue of expanding the program? ted cruzen you have and mitch mcconnell in agreement with chuck schumer and harry reid that we need more smart people in the u.s., i think there is a good consensus on the issue. are notsn't mean there people who want to see changes. those three members cannot be more post on most issues and they agreed. host: he is the executive director for compete america.

thank you. that's it for today's program. , the hearingn3 what the gm ceo. you can see it again live. thank you for watching today. another show coming your way tomorrow at 7:00 a.m. we will see you there. ♪ national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> well, both the house and senate are in session today. the senate is continuing work on extending unemployment insurance. the houses working on seven bills, two of which