atcoming up on seas and two 2:30 p.m. eastern, about half an hour from now, the former ambassador will join villa the council -- the atlantic council. he will be able to see that an c-span2 started at 2:30 p.m. eastern,-span at 3:00

we will discuss human rights in north korea. we will have that live again in about an hour starting at 3:00 p.m. eastern. republican residential hopefuls that wasw hampshire, on saturday, speaking at the inaugural freedom summit. , ted cruz,nd paul and mike lee were at the freedom summit. we will show you a worship now, -- a portion now. [applause] >> thank you very much. i just left washington yesterday, and have to save is good to be back in america. [laughter] to be here with my friend. though were there bond

was there and she and i were the only two senators who actually high.ed to u2 in junior when they came to the senate i was the youngest senator. i was 39 at the time i was elect it didn't took office -- elected and took office. i was reading at the level of a 40-year-old which i was told was very impressive and 42 now, but i read at the level of a 43-year-old. always trying to they had of the curve. here is always reading had herself. when i got there was interesting because to some people washington i did not look like a senator. to some of them i looked like a staff member by comparison. from time to time, when i got to the door of the senate in order to vote, there were these very heavily armed gentleman there who would stop me.

i was just trying to get into vote and do my job. that was it. as a nondrinking kid from utah, i was not used to getting carded. they didn't want to see my drivers license, they wanted to id.my senate senatorunited states representing utah, expiration .ate 2017 i do know if that is what i personally expire, or when i go out of office. they would have to check that i fakeot bought it and had a id from somewhere in washington. they would look at each other, shrugged her shoulders, and say we have to let him in. after a while i discovered a shortcut to this exercise.

i discovered there was this lapel pin that i got when they swore me in. in my drawer, comply was not a jew accessories, and somebody told me if you wear that and they will recognize you as a senator. to enables designed the capitol hill police to recognize a senator as such. it worked like a charm. i came to calling it my sorry in, because i would point to it and they would say sorry senator cap you could come on in. most of the time it was without a flaw. most of the wire -- every once in a while it would not work. after i'd been there for almost a year i was in the senate floor when of thes

winning nonuniformed i was standing there in between our two roll call votes. i had one arm gently leaning on the desk. one of the non-uniformed security personnel came up and said that i did not expect "would you please not lean on the senator's desk?" i am easily stood up and said i'm terribly sorry. i didn't realize i was putting weight on the desk. some of them are very old and their protective of them. some of them are almost 200 years old. some of them are almost as old as some of my colleagues. he said are you with the minority? i do not know if you need on this vote or the next time.

he said are you with the minority leader? i said he is the leader. of course i am with him. they said are you on his staff. i pointed to the pin. blank stare. it was not used to using my title so i mumbled the next word "i am senator lee." he said "what?" i said i represent utah, it's a square, beautiful mountains. only then did he figure it out. all the color drained from his face. he said "i'm terribly sorry. my name is steve if you want to report me." and then he ran for the door. i felt bad for steve. i did not want him to think there's any problem. i chased after him but he was too fast. every time i see steve in the halls of the u.s. capitol i say "hi, steve" and i wave and shake hands. only recently did occur to me that his name is probably not steve.

it was difficult to use my title that day. i do not want to have to do it. the story has become something of a walking metaphor to me. sometimes we have to assert that which is rightfully ours even when it is inconvenient. if we do not, we will lose it. had i not asserted by right to be there, i probably would have been hauled off in handcuffs much to the amusement of some of my colleagues. i would have lost something that day, the 3 million people i represent in my home state. this story applies not just to u.s. senators but to all of us. there are some things that are rightfully ours by virtue of our u.s. citizenship. we have a right to live in a

land with limited government. we have a right to live in a land where laws are made by elected senators and representatives and not by the stroke of the executive pen. [applause] it is one of the things i love about your state. one of the things i love about being here. it is almost tangible. you can feel it. you can see it on your license plate "live free or die." how beautiful is that? the truth is, you and new hampshire have a long history standing up for what is right even when it is difficult and threatening to your way of life. it is not far from here that the american revolution got underway. in december 1773 when not too far from here a group of

american patriot ordered a ship in boston harbor and seized crates of english tea and into defiant protest of our large, distant government that taxes too much, that was far too intrusive and do not respect our privacy, that regulated us oppressively and was so far from the people it was slow to respond to our needs, that national government based in london had gone too far. we have had it. what is significant here is that they do not stop there. they had stopped at throwing these crates of tea in the harbor. it would have been at most a footnote in american history. they do not stop there. they moved forward. from there they went on to declare and later fight for and

ultimately win our independence. 14 years later, they got from boston all the way to philadelphia where in 1787 they went from merely protesting against the kind of government they did not want to embracing the kind of government they did want in this now 227-year-old document. [applause] we have had those moments as a nation will we go from protesting against what we don't want. we have those as a party where we have gone from railing against the kind of policies that are bad to embracing the policies that are good. we as a party, a republican party, have always faced the kind of tensions that any political party will face from time to time. that exists between the party's base and the senior elected leadership on the other hand.

tension is natural and inevitable. it has existed from time to time in one degree of severity or another. the party found itself in great disarray in 1976 following the 1976 election cycle. it was in that year that conservatives across america discovered a leader for the ages in ronald reagan. [applause] they ran that leader for the ages against a less conservative incumbent republican president. they ran that leader for the ages and they lost the primary election and republicans lost the general election. conservatives were blamed not just for losing the white house but also losing house and senate elections across the country. there is a lot of discouragement within the party that matched

the tension i just described. conservatives did not give up. no. they doubled down and came back. in four years later, they won. they won because they came back with the same conservative leader for the ages. they were armed with one thing they do not have before, an agenda. we learned that as a party we win when we do this. we win when we have an agenda that is at once told and focused on upward mobility for all americans. [applause] sometimes we lose sight of this. sometimes in our own party we are told to sit back and let things take care of themselves.

there are those that are saying all we need to do to win elections is nothing. we know based on our experience that is not true. we know as a nation to many of us have settled for less. we know that as americans and republicans we have to expect more. how is it that we get there? how is it that we do what we need to do? how do we get to this point where congress has an approval rating at 9%? that makes us slightly less popular than fidel and raul castro in america. it makes a slightly more popular than the influenza virus and the virus is gaining on us. we have to expect more.

we must expect and demand more. how do we do that? as conservatives we have to stop talking about ronald reagan and we have to start acting like him. we have to come together and rally around an agenda. a man described a late-night walk across a bridge. it was a high bridge. it was a bridge across either a harbor or river where he lived. it was so high if you jumped off of that you would not survive.

he was enjoying this late at night when there was no traffic here it it was just him, the moon, stars and bridge. he got halfway across and discovered that he was not alone. he saw a man standing on the edge of the bridge outside the guardrail holding on. he could barely detect from the light of the moon. this man was in a bad place. he was contemplating taking his own life by jumping up the bridge. better talk to the man if i can help. he cannot figure out what else to say. you believe in god? the man said yes. are you a christian? yes. me too. what denomination? he said me too. northern or southern? northern. me too. northern reformed or

fundamentalist? fundamentalist. me too. [indiscernible] he said die you heretic and pushed him off the bridge. [laughter] this reminds us that as conservatives we have that to be far more engaged in the act of finding converts then identifying heretics. we need to sharpen more pencils than knives. i get asked every single day what is it that we can do to make a difference? how do we win? in this very critical election

year, it really comes down to expectations. for starters, i am here to tell you it is time to expect more. do not settle for high unemployment. expect opportunity. do not settle for liberal domination of the media. expect an honest debate and a deeper national dialogue. do not settle for trillion dollar deficits. expect balanced budgets. do not settle for washington centered solutions brought to you on a silver platter by smooth talking washington bureaucrats. expect communities and neighborhoods and families in the institutions that have made our society great come together to solve america's greatest problems. do not settle for a president to

rely on a phone and a pen. expect congress to do its job. [applause] do not settle for style. expect substance. do not settle for some day. expect today. do not settle for empty promises. expect excellence. as americans, we never settle for mediocrity. not ever. join me and expect more. join me and expect freedom. thank you very much. may god bless new hampshire and may god bless the united states of america. [applause] >> reminder that in just a few moments the former augustinian messenger to the us will join it

panel of experts to discuss the u.s. pakistani relations and the increased the islamic clinical parties -- political parties. also here on c-span, and number of experts will examine human rights in north korea. angry chairssion will be the keynote speaker. that will be hosted by the brookings institution. new hampshire were a number of possible republican candidates spoke at the freedom summit. rand paul spoke for about 20 minutes. [applause] >> thank you. thank you. there comes a time in the

history of nations when the country passes the point of no return earned that time approaches, that time is near. the question remains, will you be sunshine patriots, will you shrink at the first sign of stand andr will you fight for your freedom the echo -- freedom? william? -- will you? those who would trade your liberty for security for their inside the gates. they have reached the walls. they are here. stand?stion is will you i for one have had enough. i will not waver in my defense of freedom.

i will stand and fight them at every point. [applause] now some say we just need to dilute our message be a little bit more like the democrats. does anyone think that is a good idea? hogwash. it is exactly the wrong thing to do. our problem is not that we are too bold. our problem is that we are too timid. you go to washington, and what passes for bold is that we are for revenue neutral tax reform. i frankly do not care. i will be an eye surgeon, but i want nothing to do with revenue neutral tax reform. [applause]

witht nothing to do budgets that never balance. i do not care if it is republican or democrat i want nothing to do with budgets that never balance. [applause] say, we can defend the second amendment but let's just ignore that fourth amendment. the secondd amendment, but the others are not for conservatives. the whole bill of rights is what we are here for. [applause] some will say we do not have enough money or -- for welfare entitlements but we have enough to give bailouts. hogwash. we should not be spending one penny to rich companies. [applause]

insent $20 billion a year direct subsidies to companies. corporate welfare should once ed. for all be well -- end [applause] the top 100 companies in our country average $200 million apiece. you have republicans in washington saying we have to be for that. rich companies do not need your money. it is an insult to those among us who say we do not have enough money for these other programs, but we have enough for our rich friends. if you want to be consistent, if you want to grow the movement, we cannot be the party of fatcats, rich people and wall street. [applause] some will say you can have religious freedom and the

obamacare mandate. they are mutually inconsistent, they cannot work together. some say just give up on your faith in you can stay in business. business ton your stay true to your faith. that should not be a question. that should not be something that american business has to answer. we should not force people to buy things they do not want and go against their religious morals. [applause] say that you can have indefinited yet have detention of american citizens. -- an unjusthave

law is the law a majority makes finding on a minority but does not make binding on themselves. of an unjustnition law is detaining an american citizen without a trial. to be one of the other senators who happens to be a republican senator. i said, my goodness, you're going to take an american citizen and send them to guantánamo bay without a trial? dangerous.hey are who gets to decide who is dangerous and who is not? the department of justice had a memo and said these are people who might be terrorists. multiple guns in the household. i would ask for a raise of hands but i think people might be embarrassed who do not a raise their hands. --therize the ammunition

like to pay in cash. here's my favorite, has changed the color of their hair. [laughter] of as on the clothing missing fingers, these are looking for. in missouri, when it got to the fusion center, which is supposed to fuse all of this information to the terrorism that also included the constitution party. people who were pro-life. people who think we should have security at the border. all of these people, were considered suspicious. i at least want my lawyer before they sent me. [laughter] , or say thathink you can have justice and put our young people in jail for decades upon decades upon decades were nonviolent crime.

some of you may not have thought about this, but is important to think about. and minimum yesterday and she old me my son was 18 years copy he was in the wrong place at the wrong time, and may have made a mistake. you always wanted to be in military but he got caught in the risen kids in the car that had marijuana, and he got a conviction and punishment is out of the world. there was a young man who was given 55 years and prison for marijuana sale. i'm not condoning the selling of marijuana, but 55 years in prison? you can kill somebody in kentucky and be out in 12. [laughter] here is my point. if you want our movements are broken up if you want our movement to add new people have a few want to win, the people who say dilute your message about what i say to them is we need to be more bold with our of our, but parts

message has to reach out people who we have not been hitting, who have not been listening. the door is not going to open up to the african-american community or the hispanic community until we have something to offer. at the war on drugs throughout a four people in prison are black or brown. your kids and grandkids are not perfect either. these are injustices. we have been concerned about injustice point to be concerned about people who may not be part of our group, and who may not be here if we want to wrong message, we want to grow our movement. we are the party of justice. we shouldn't let the democrats and the libertarians say they care about people. we need to be the party of justice. [applause] the unemployed, anybody here ever been unemployed? a toughhere had a have

time or said their salary just -- reduced? we have all had those problems, we had to show concern for people who are out of work. what he million people are out of work, or underemployed. we have to have concern for those people devoid of ideas. they will not be the same ideas of the president has, but the president's ideas are not working. 20 million people are out of work. black unemployment is still twice white unemployment. beenillion women have added to the rolls of poverty. maybe it is their side that has the wrong women -- war on women. [applause] if we want to grow our movement, it has to have new people. we cannot be the party of the luna brats and rich people. i got involved with the tea party movement because i thought the bank bailouts were horrible idea. i was a middle-class guy

working, i do not feel like sending my money to a guy who , ran$100 million a year his finger to the ground, and isehow the middle america supposed to send my money in to bail out these bankers? that is why the tea party started. we were frustrated republicans there is always a bigger working class then owners class. i'm not against the owners class, but i want to tell the workers of america we are on their side. the president keeps offering you free stuff, but you are still in poverty and not getting any better. more unemployment insurance? frankly, i think they would rather have a job. [applause]

time in ourlast country we created millions of jobs? honor ronald reagan. what did ronald reagan do? become bored and say let's cut taxes for low income people? no, he said let's cut everyone's taxes. he did, dramatically. the top rate. that's what rich people pay. it was 70% and then he lowered it to 50% and that he lowered it and 20 million jobs were created. more revenue came in. what you cut rates, people work harder and more revenue comes in. but we cannot let the democrats taxes for lower the rich people, you are just for rich people. anybody in here ever worked for a poor person? [laughter] we are all interconnected. we have to get beyond the class warfare but we can't let them beat us up on it because we have deployed back and say how many

people of europe policies. not poverty? [applause] none. many people have their policies employed? none. we are in a terrible recession. we're still barely growing, is growing at all. you get free stuff but you never get out of poverty. your prices rise because big government steals the value of your dollar. all of a sudden, you've got a little more and you got more benefits but your groceries cost more, your gas costs more, you can't go on vacation. all of this occurs when big government, $17 trillion worth of debt, is dragging us down. many economists say we're losing a million jobs a year because of the burden of this debt. we are on a precipice. i said at the beginning that time approaches. i don't know when it's coming, but a time approaches. does anyone remember 2008?

i remember seeing patients in my office and looking at my retirement i counted things sell, sell, sell. my definition of an act is when you are worried about your money market account losing its value. i'm still worried the fundamentals of that exist. has never been about the plutocrats. our movement has never been about special privilege. but the other side paints it as that. our job as we move forward is to let the media know that we are the middle class. the president wants to help the middle class, why isn't he helping us? [applause] the president is simply loading more people in the wagon. these are not bad people in the wagon. they are people who are out of work and suffering, but the debate needs to be not about who cares more, the debate needs to be about what policy will help people more? the policy of the president to say new hampshire, said your

money, i will give you some back later doesn't work. problem with the policy is if i come to new hampshire and take your money and bring it back and say mr. smith, here's $100,000, go create jobs for people. nine times out of 10, i will pick the wrong person because the marketplace chooses who can create businesses. difference between reducing taxes to stimulate the economy and handpicking people. think solyndra. he's for the says middle class but he took 500 million from the middle class and gave it to one of the richest people in our country. that doesn't sound like it's good for the middle class. the president says a lot of things, but he does never quite get around to doing them. right now, anybody got a cell phone? you are under surveillance. notpresident says he's listening, he's just looking.

to thee not listening phone calls, but even that's not exactly true. they occasionally are. none ofhe thing, it's your dam business what you do on your cell phone. [applause] if we want to grow our movement bigger, that message resonates with young people. i took that message to the conservative local action committee and i took it to berkeley. young kids on the right and young kids on the left, this message resonates. don'tot that young people like our message of low taxes and less regulations of the balanced budget, they just don't have any money. they have that and they are trying to get a job that doesn't pay very well, so you have to talk to people about things they are concerned with. instead of listening to the party, in charge of the

we bring our message. we branch out and take other parts of the bill of rights we all support and take it to people where they are. we do, we will be the dominant party again. we've got to do it with a smile. we've got to do it with optimism. there is a painter who wrote changed like a man coming out of -- coming over the hill singing. i love the image of that. we need to proclaim our message with the passion of patrick henry, like a man coming over the hill singing with optimism, and make sure it's a message for all, no matter what walk of life you are. once again proclaim our message like a man coming over the hill singing, we will be the dominant party again. thank you very much. [applause]

>> a reminder that in just a few moments here on c-span, number of experts and authors will examine human rights in north korea. the u.s. commission inquiry chair is the key speaker. that will be live in just over 20 minutes here at 3:00 eastern. to manchester, new hampshire, where a number of possible republican presidential candidates spoke at the inaugural freedom summit will stop now, senator ted cruz of texas. this is just over 20 minutes. [applause]

>> >> god bless new hampshire. and god bless afp. wow. to be with each of you today. thank you for that incredibly, incredibly warm welcome. my wife heidi and me, we are blessed to have two little girls at home. caroline and catherine. caroline is five, catherine is three. i do indeed. areevery one of you who

parents, you know god makes every child very different. catherine is the essence of sweetness. she is a sweet, sweet little girl. is a rascal. , heidi had both girls up in d.c. one weekend. it was a beautiful fall day and we decided to drive down to mount vernon and show the girls mount vernon. we are driving down the george washington parkway, trees are turning, they are red, orange and yellow and we are driving down and caroline sits behind me in the car seat kicking my seat and catherine is sitting on the other side. sistere asked her little , catherine, what do you want to do when you grow up? want to work in the u.s. senate. [laughter] i want to work with daddy.

and caroline says that's boring. we're going to be rock stars instead. then she tosses out losing her. she says besides, daddy will be dead by then. [laughter] that's a real conversation. i'm sitting there going hello, i'm right in front of you. made me wonder if maybe caroline had been speaking with republican leadership. [laughter] [applause] >> you are the leadership. [applause] >> even more importantly, you are the leadership. [applause]

and i will tell you something -- there is nothing as scary in washington as what i'm going to face tonight. next week for my caroline turned six and i'm leaving here to run to the airport to get on an airplane. when i get off the airplane, i'm going to a princess sleepover party. week, caroline told me, she said daddy, you're not invited. because you are not a girl. and i said sweetheart, if it is in my house, daddy is always invited. put herproceeded to hands on her hips and say fine. attack are going to lay the daddy. so in just a few hours, i'm going to walk into my home to be greeted 11 six-year-old girls

dressed as disney princess is trying to tackle he. me ask for your fervent prayers that i might see tomorrow morning. i am thrilled to be back here to be back with so many friends in new hampshire. i'm thrilled to just encourage you -- you are here because there is a sense of urgency. to what is happening in this country. you are here because you understand this is not an ordinary time in politics. the threats we are facing are extraordinary. the most common thing i hear traveling the country is man and women come up to me, they put their hands on my shoulder and they say had, i am scared. i'm scared for the direction of this country, i'm scared for my we ared my grandkids, bankrupting the greatest nation

in the history of the world. let me tell you something, i am profoundly, profoundly optimistic that together we are going to turn this nation around. [applause] let me tell you three things we need to do you turn this nation around. number one, we need to stand for liberty. [applause] liberty has never been more under assault than it is right .ow this administration, this president is trying to go down the bill of rights and violate every single one of them. that doesn'te irs respect the first amendment is going after individual citizens saying tell us what books you are reading, tell us the content

of your prayers. theme tell you something, federal government has no business asking any american content of our prayers. [applause] although i do kind of which -- wish the answer had been forgive them, father, for they know not what age do. you look at the second amendment. -- youesident joe biden know the nice thing, you don't need a punch line. [laughter] you just say his name. you're at a party, walk up to someone and to save vice president joe biden. and the closure mouth. they will crack up laughing.

said if anybody attacks your house, just go outside with a double barrel shotgun and fire both barrels in the air. listen, that is very good advice. beingso happens you're attacked by a flock of geese. [laughter] and fifthe fourth amendments, our rights to privacy. how many of you have your cell phones? i would like to ask you to please leave your cell phones on. i want to make sure president obama hears every word i have to say. [applause] look at the 10th amendment, with the federal government trying to intrude into the prerogatives of the state all across the board,

things like trying to set educational standards. right now, we need to repeal common core. [applause] and then there is the pattern of lawlessness in this administration. ignoring law after law after law. if this president doesn't agree with the law, he refuses to enforce it, whether it's immigration laws, welfare laws, marriage laws or drug laws. and then you take obamacare. please, take obamacare. this president has simply unilaterally changed the law. there is no authority in the law for that. how many of you remember sixth grade civics? you remember school house rock and how a bill comes law? apparently the resident missed that day.

we have never had a president assert the authority to ignore and unilaterally change the law this resident is doing, and this should trouble everyone, not just republicans, but democrats, libertarians, anybody who cares about rule of law and the constitution. when you have a president who can't pick and choose which laws to follow and which laws to ignore, you no longer have to president. [applause] we need to number one stand for liberty. number two, we need to stand for growth and opportunity. [applause] officeer one priority in from the day i was elected is bringing back jobs and economic growth.

the reason is simple. that is the top irony of the 26 million texans i am proud to represent and it's the top priority of the american people all across this great country. you want to know why people are frustrated out of their mind at washington? the biggest ride we've got this country is not between democrats and republicans, it is between entrenched politicians in both parties in washington and the american people. [applause] and all across this country, people are frustrated, going what is wrong with them? they get elected, to go to washington and they stop listening to us will stop they stop listening. the top priority of the american people is jobs and economic growth and in the year and half i have been in harry reid's said, we haven't spent even a minute talking about jobs and economic growth will stop it

simply isn't a priority. we haven't talked about fundamental tax reform and i will tell you the most important tax reform, we should abolish the irs. [applause] for five years we have been trapped in the great stagnation under president obama. his policies are not working and you know, the rich and powerful, those who walk the corridors of power are getting fat and happy. obama economic agenda. the top one percent, the millionaires and billionaires the president loves to demagogue , they earn a higher share of our national income than any year since 1928. but not to worry. nothing bad happened after 1928 -- after 1928 will

stop the people who have been hurt by the obama economy are the most vulnerable once, the young people, hispanics, african-americans, single moms, people who are struggling to climb the economic ladder and reach the american dream. i tried to think of all the issues and challenges we face from the perspective of my data. fled cuba.o, my dad he had been imprisoned, he'd been tortured and beaten almost to death in a cuban jail. he came to america at age 18, fleeing the batista regime. he couldn't speaking less, he had a hundred dollars sewn into his underwear. i don't advise carrying money in your underwear. but he got a job washing dishes making $.50 an hour. and he worked seven days a week and paid his way through school

and went on to start a small business and work toward the american dream. the policies we are seeing today at how they would have impacted my dad when he was washing dishes. my father was still washing dishes today, the odds are very high he would have lost his job. the 1.7 trillion dollars in new taxes from this administration, because of the crushing regulation that are hammering small businesses and small businesses generate two thirds of the new jobs in our economy. and it is by the way, kids like my dad, teenage immigrants who are struggling, who are the ones of the obamarunt economic agenda. if my that have been lucky enough not to lose his job, the odds are overwhelming he would have had his hours forcibly reduced to 28 or 29 hours a week and you can't pay her bills, you can't beat your kids, you can't do your way through college on 28 hours a week. the reason we should support

growth most fundamentally is it is foundational to opportunity. the opportunity of everyone to achieve the american dream. [applause] i think every republican should have two words tattooed on their hands -- growth and opportunity. so inspired by you all i may get an eagle tattooed on my chest. that leads to my third and final point. how do we turn this country around? mpower the people. [applause] i am powerfully, powerfully optimistic and hopeful because of each of you. the answers are not going to come from washington. the book of ecclesiastes tells us there is nothing new under the sun. i think where we are right now

that can only like the late 1970's. late 1970's, yet jimmy carter in the white house, the same failed at about policies, same policies and regulation and produce the exact same misery and stagnation. the same feckless foreign policy, the same naïveté making the world a much more dangerous place. across this country, we saw a grassroots movement of millions of men and women who came together and he came the reagan revolution. that did not come from washington. washington despised ronald reagan. it came from the american people. is reason i am optimistic because i'm blessed to have the opportunity serving the senate to travel across the country. let me tell you the same thing is happening all over this country. people are waking up, men and women who have never been

involved in politics are looking up going what has happened to this country? we are losing our freedom and losing the future for our kids and grandkids. let's get back to the free market at the polls. let's get active constitutional liberties this nation was built on. [applause] so i am spending my time not focused on washington, not trying to convince washington of anything because they ain't listening. ist i'm trying to do instead help energize and mobilize the american people. all of you who said you had cell phones before, if you are willing to come together and join a grassroots army, i would ask each of you with your cell phones to text the word gross to 33733.ber

limit give you that again. 337330 stop text the word growth. we will not turn the country we are able to energize and mobilize millions of americans to hold washington accountable. i don't know if you remember the suspects" where it talked about the greatest trick the devil ever played was to convince the world he didn't exist. the greatest live the media tries to play is to convince us that the american people don't believe in the values this country was built on. it is simply not true. democrats, ifto you listen to the media, , theygh i repeat myself

will tell you there is no hope. they will tell you we cannot turn this around. they will tell you you cannot stop obamacare. they will tell you that kathleen is a resultigning of obamacare's and success. true, that i hope every democrat will follow her path and resign as well. [applause] you want to see the power of the grassroots? last summer, last fall, millions of americans rose up and said we don't want the train wreck, we don't want the disaster, we don't want the suffering coming

from obamacare. as a result, so many millions of americans saying that, we elevate the debate and where are we right now as a result of your efforts? today, president obama is at his lowest approval rating he has ever been in six years in office. [applause] today, obamacare is at its lowest approval rating it has been since the date it was signed into law. [applause] you want to know where the country is? barometer togood look at the late-night comics. said sol, jay leno president obama called me, he said jay, if you like your job, you can keep it. [laughter]

[applause] a couple of weeks later, jay went back to the same theme. he said so, holidays are coming up. the firstng, you know thanksgiving, the pilgrims said to the indians, if you like your land, you can keep it. [laughter] as me tell you something -- a result of the men and women in this room, it's a result of millions of men and women standing up and saying obama care is a disaster, it's not working, it is hurting millions of americans. i am convinced we are going to repeal every single word of obamacare. [applause]

it will not come from washington, but it will come from each of you. new hampshire is the live free or die state. still and forever. [applause] texas, that's a sentiment we can relate to. something myll you father has said many times will i saw freedom taken away in cuba. and i will die before i let it happen again in this country. [applause] that is why we are here. that is why you are here, to

keep spreading the message of freedom to your friends, to your family, to your neighbors, to everyone to say together, let's come together and get back to the free market principles, get back to the constitutional liberties, get back to the incredible opportunity america offers. and i will tell you, i am honored, i am humbled, i am thrilled to stand with each and everyone of you as we work together to bring back morning in america as we thank you. god bless you. >> as you can see, we're like this afternoon at the kings in washington,e d.c. where they're about to host a discussion on human rights and north korea. the main speaker is michael curry -- michael kirby.

with the knowledge of the government including extermination, statement and imprisonment year that she get underway in just a moment. live coverage here on c-span.

>> good afternoon. i am the acting vice resident and direct turn of the foreign policy here. i'm very pleased to welcome me to this event on human rights in north korea which is cohosted by our center for east asia policy studies and the committee on human rights in north korea. scolarithanks to greg for your partnership on this event. we are honored to welcome michael kirby hugh is chair of the united nations commission of inquiry on human rights in the democratic people's republic of korea.

this was submitted to the u.n. last month. the north korean state appalling human rights record is known around the world. what is new is the critical role played by the commissioner of inquiry in systematically and openly connect team -- collecting and documenting testimony on human rights abuses. eyewitness accounts describe a wide range of violations ,ncluding freedom of expression violations of the right to food, arbitrary detentions and forced disappearances. thatly, the report found the other information it receives establishes that crimes against humanity have been committed in the democratic people of korea pursuant to policies established at the highest level of the state.

and addition to this documentation, it includes an excessive list of recommendations from north korea, the people of the korean china and society, other states in the course for the united nations and international community. we will be hearing more about the recommendations. is to running throughout notote more context, less. policymakers should consider this as they approach their policy toward that part of the world. the report has re: led to adoption of the human rights council resolution on march 28. it takes steps to enable enhanced monitoring and continued visibility of human rights of the north korean people. will discuss kirby recommendations of the read work.

kirby had a long and distinguished career as a jurist in austria. he served on the high court between 2006 and 99. he also served on several university governing bodies. he has also held numerous leadership roles with the organizations. the national orders of jurors and geneva. he served as human rights and can vote yet and the bioethics committee. he is suited perfectly for the leading role he played him in curries for human rights in north korea. following his remarks, marcus nolan, director studies at the peterson institute of economics

it was also a board member of the committee on human rights in north korea, will make some comments on the report and discuss policy implications for the united nations and its member states. bush was ae richard senior fellow and director on east asia policy studies will moderate a question and answer session and we will conclude with remarks by a brookings nonresident senior fellow in our former direct your of the project on internal displacement , long time involved in north korea affairs. i am honored to welcome just as kirby to brookings and invite him to the podium. inc. you. >> thank you very much for having me at this famous institution.

it is a great pleasure to be with all of you today and to have this opportunity to sa peak on the recent inquiry on human rights violations in north korea. the commission was established by the resolution of the human rights council in march of 2013. formed assume is the commissioners were appointed by the president of the human in may 2013.l the first meeting of the ofmission took place in july 2013. because the report had to be written in time for delivery to the human rights council in march of 2014, effectively the report had to be written by the

end of 2013. when i see in the media that we report,ar to write our i think if only we had had more time. imagine amazing, and i many intelligent people find the same thing, that when you have a deadline it concentrates the mind. all the students preparing their essays. they've just got to get them in. that is what the commission of inquiry did. town --ht out report on on time, readable, and without a mandatelea that our would be extended and that we would remain in office for a long time or. -- thereafter.

the commission of inquiry has finished its task. this week i am in the united arias for a meeting of the procedure of the members of the security council which will convene in new york on thursday of this week so that is the purpose of my visit here, my principal purpose of the visit to north america this week. todayoing to talk to you about the lessons that i learned is chair of the commission of inquiry. first i should tell you something about what commission found. the commission had a nine point mandate. the nine point of the mandate took us into the areas of the alleged human rights violation in north korea. that took us into subjects such as discrimination against women, discrimination against religious

minorities, discrimination against people on the grounds of , the system bye which north korea are divided into a social category by reason of perceived loyalty to the regime. it took us into arbitrary arrest, detention and torture ,nd to examine the prison camps both political and the ordinary prison camps were terrible wrongs are done to prisoners. examine the situation as it emerged in terms of freedom of expression and as it emerged in respect to freedom of movement both with the north korea and outside north korea.

examinealso asked to the position of abductees because production of people for reasons for the government was a policy which was given effect in relation, particularly to japanese nationals and also to nationals of south korea who were seized in the closing phases of the korean war but also in relation to citizens of lebanon, romania and other fortries that were tied in reasons of state in north korea. commission was asked to answer four questions. it is very important to concentrate one's mind upon the questions we were asked to answer. one sees in media of ourated statements

role. essentially we were an investigator. we had to investigate and reports on a limited mandate. a limited mandate set out jurisdiction. we did not exceed our jurisdiction and we did not want to exceed our jurisdiction because at the time it was honest and we wanted to be proper. we concentrated on what we were asked by the human rights council to report upon. -- isur questions were there evidence of breaches of fundamental human rights? there was plenty of such evidence. we addressed that evidence and reported on it. that is the substantial part of our report. the breaches of fundamental rights rise to the level of a crime against humanity? cases where the human

rights violations rose to the level of crimes against you manatee. as for example, in the persecution of the christian minority in a way in which women were often treated, in the abductions of foreign nationals and nationals of republic of korea, and in the prison camps. --can third question was you identify those who are responsible in international law for those crimes? we were able to do that. sometimes by name but generally by reference to the place in the office of the person concerned or institutions concerned. the final question was -- if there are these crimes, how can we render those who are responsible accountable for them?

there were questions of the crimes and as to the accountability for the crimes. that is what we were asked to do. .e were not a group of judges i was in my former life a judge but i was not there as a judge. i am not an international judge. to try the people for crimes against humanity or any other offense against international law. nor were we there as prosecutors. we had no authority to prosecute anyone. our job was to find on the reasonable ground basis whether those persons who were justify havingd a place in front of a prosecutor with jurisdiction to put them on trial. we were bacillary to

the role of a future prosecutorial process which would be incidental to a future judicial process. that is what we did. inquiry asked of for permission to enter north korea at the beginning of its inquiry. request whenhat refused by the mission in geneva. we repeated it to the government and to the supreme leader in pyongyang. those letters were either or in some cases politely answered with the statement that north korea did not agree to the establishment of a country specific mandate and it would not cooperate in the inquiry because it regarded the inquiry as having been established by forces hostile to it.

those forces are generally identified as being the forces of the united states of america, the republic of south korea japan. being unable to enter into north korea we are faced with a challenge. can a country which is a member of the united nations and which has signed on to a number of the treaties that the united nations on human rights, can it simply by its own decision up out of the investigatory process which is established by the united nations and the doherty of the human rights council? a veto of the investigation by the world community, although it is not a permanent member of the security council? is there some unmentioned veto that is not in the charter of the united nations which any country can say we do not like the investigation, we are not

going to cooperate or permit you to enter into report will be fatally flawed so you cannot come into the country. we did not accept that was the privilege of the democratic people's republic of korea and therefore we decided that our very first meeting we spent a lot of time looking at the methodology of the commission of inquiry to embrace a methodology which has not been the one that has been usually followed by commissions of inquiry. there are lots about this commission which were unique. we are the only commission of inquiry established about a boat. when the proposal was before the chair, the president of the human rights council twice paused and asked "was there any call for a vote?" there was no call for a void.

the establishment passed into ofolution of the commission the council of human rights without a vote. never been done before or since. it is a sign of the mood and feeling of the international community. enough is enough. steps have to be taken to address the human rights situation in north korea. that not quite true to say there have never been a commission of inquiry that conducted public hearings. judge. the occupied territories did hold a public hearing. because he was not permitted to enter israel, one of the affected states, they had a disability which put a limitation on the conduct of public hearings where as the conduct of public hearings was completely central to the investigation by the commission

of inquiry on north korea. we decided to proceed by public hearings. that was natural to me. 434 years i have been a judge in the common law tradition. the common law tradition tend to do the gathered information by public inquiry. it was especially useful to the case of north korea, because it allowed people to, if it was safe for them to do so and if they were willing to do so, to come forward and give their testimony. they did. we put out a request for people oralfer written and testimony. we received a large number of responses to that. eventually, the secretary of staff interviewed potential the spaceand saw in of a few weeks that were remaining and the balance of

2013 240 witnesses. there were no difficulty getting witnesses. it is important i tell you that. there were 20 of witnesses. koreanse 26,000 north living in south korea. there were plenty of potential witnesses. in the end, we had to cut off our witnesses because of the fact we had to get our report written and analysis done in the matter wrapped up by effectively the end of 2013. we have public hearings and soul , tokyo, london, and washington, d.c. the public hearings and washington were held last october. they included expert witnesses lay witnesses.so

there is something about people who have suffered greatly that is born out of studies. people who have suffered greatly often feel guilty about surviving. they often feel that they have to give voice to the suffering which they have witnessed and of which they have been part. that was certainly true in the case of the people who came forward. because we were under a mandate obligation, first do no harm, we had to make sure that we did not call anyone forward who might have family or for other reasons might suffer from retaliation. that was certainly on the cards. theltimately narrowed number of people who would come forward to give oral testimony to 84. those people gave their in the manner that i saw today when i went to the holocaust museum here in washington.

a very matter-of-fact manner. describing the most dreadful in norman to use in a very matter-of-fact way. when, subsequently, the commission's report was resized by north korea -- criticized by north korea and other countries who are friends of north korea, we had the opportunity always to say "you go and have a look for yourself." the testimony is online. it is available everywhere in the world. it has received many hits for people looking at the testimony. is question of reliability one of the great puzzles of law and justice. it is a great puzzle in any national legal system. it is a puzzle which is resolved by mainly looking at consistency

with other evidence and also at the apparent honesty of the motivation and the backgrounds of reasons for giving testimony to the people involved. this was the way in which we proceeded. when the report was to be written, we had drafts of chapters from an extremely hard-working secretary that were assigned to us. there were 10 offices of the united nations and i insist when you hear criticism of the united nations and his bureaucracy, it is important to tell you that these are people of great professionalism, people who work integrity, total honesty, whose only motive was to get a read for it as the council on human right had ,emanded with honesty integrity, and independent. the report as written

[indiscernible] that alone is a great achievement for the united nations. united nations system is known for many wonderful products but readable reports are not the highest level of the output of the organization. is, is one report that believe, readable. if there is someone out there who has any influence on a large publishing house who wants an extremely readable and important report that should not be confined only to experts but should be out in the ordinary general public, about 350 pages, it is not a blockbuster. it is in every way a readable reports. it is made by the testimony of the witnesses whose actual statement of what they went through is collected on every

second or third page of the report. a gives life to the report and allows for the report to speak directly of the sufferings that have been undergone by the people of north korea. the report went to the human ofht council on the 17th march. was adopted on the 28th of march. then with a grades the, a procedure has been invoked to allow the members of the commission of inquiry to speak directly to members of the security council, which we will do next thursday. is not formally a meeting of the security council. this is a meeting of members of the security council who were interested in coming along for a briefing and who will be advised to do that on thursday.

aria procedure after a diplomat by name who whichd the way by briefings could be given to the security council on matters, including human rights matters with peaceintertwine and security matters which is the chief responsibility of the security council. willursday of this week we reach in the united nations system but not in the security council chamber. a real moment of truth for the commitment of the international community to make sure the statements of the opening passages of the charter of the united nations. if you look at that document, which is in brief and relatively ofquent language, it speaks

the purposes of the united nations as being addressed two issues of peace and security for the world, universal human and issues oftice economic equity. objective of the united nations. the issues of universal human rights is up there with the rest. i said i was going to mention the main lessons that i have learned in the inquiry. into 10. it the first lesson is the value of transparency. i think it was a very good decision we made not only to conduct public hearings but also always to be in and available to and international media about what we were doing. why we were doing it this way.

how we were doing it. how this would have been desirable that it would have been supplemented by the national hearings in north korea but in default of that this was a way of getting a lots of the evidence quickly and in a very public way that could be seen by the whole world. they are discouraging information online through websites and blogs and so on. social media. the second lesson is the value speak.ing the ends i just felt that the holocaust museum. exhibitionwonderful about the issue about the neighbors. did the neighbors do when people were being rounded up?

and trying to focus on the reaction of ordinary role to the terrors of the holocaust. it contains a very large number of the neighbors that were rounded up. it is a very important lesson. by then be made flesh voices of the witnesses. in my early encounters with the hiv of the demand there is a wonderful civil certain -- servant who always insisted that we should never have an aids conference or an aids meeting without people living with hiv twos eat. not speak to be spoken about or to be spoken at or to be spoken of but to speak. was a message we translated

into our work. lesson was the lesson of the importance of civil society. i think a major region -- region -- a reason was the intergenic work of a large number of civil society organizations. some of them were international civil society organizations. rights watch advocated geneva.n and though such in the united states and here the those in north korea. civil society expresses our freedom as individuals in our own countries twos eat up and not to accept the unacceptable. they played a great part in the in strengthening and providing witnesses and getting people to us and helping us to do our job.

we made contact with a foundation with institutions and other bodies to tap the ideas of have beenof whom sitting in north korea for decades. much of it is fascinating and intriguing that has been written on north korea. it is a huge library. get thehad to do was material together and reduce it and compress it and compacted hull in aboutle 350 pages. a product that was

readable was a very important challenge. wethe digestive information, had extremely talented people whose whole life is devoted to studying aspects of the north korean situation. been able to use them. very useful to speak to people who think outside the square. very useful to speak to people of high intelligence. you always have to keep your eye on the possibility that they may have a bias or prejudice. you do not come away from many meetings with such bodies. we went in washington to a meeting i will never forget with the robert kennedy foundation. the people around the table are all very intelligent people. they are used to dealing with the challenges of human rights. they spoke of things we should be asking and thinking about. that was extremely useful. was particularly useful when

we got to a turning point in our point such as the turning of should we go into the issue of genocide. right to themes level of genocide? some people inc. of genocide as the gold standard, that anything less is really second-class. it basically says the address should be to the ethnicity or religion of the people involved. this is overwhelmingly addressed and the partys and the leadership and the supreme leader. therefore it is not within the language of the current definition. should we be endeavoring to push

that further? -- tell you how we address that issue. the fifth was the value and media. i found this earlier in my work in cambodia. we have very good professional advice. when i was in cambodia and i came to the united nations, i found they were rather immature stick. we are talking about 90 re-, 96. it has improved radically. she has been much more successful in engaging with the cana and the media sometimes be a most unpleasant is absolutely essential in a way of giving out messages to the general population who were often the outraged at what he here and

rightfully so. lesson was endeavoring to establish against inclinations to accept the interconnection between human rights and peace and security. it is up there with the charter. it is stated in the very first article of the charter. they are all together. there has been a bit of an the securityo say council deals with peace and security and just to not worry about human rights. self-evidently, a country has got an violent or angry or upsetting or unjust human rights situation.

the seventh lesson was the importance that was to be attached to following up the report aired there is an awful tendency not only in the united nations but in life and institutions to think you write the report or book and then you put it away and you get on with something else. we were determined that there would be effort to get follow-up, to get translation of the report into the korean atguage to have cited events the presentation of the report in north korea. they would be abductees would turn up and speak of the experience they have been through. a documentary film was made partly based on our public hearings.

it was partly from people who could add personal expression to the experience so it will be understood i ordinary folks. is continuing. you can continue later this week. it has given me an opportunity to speak on the importance of follow-up. there were a lot of frustration to be in office of the united nations, petty little frustrations. was a requirement that if you want to change in the ticket

which has been make, you have to get 16 days notice. the very reason for your sometimes for having to change it is you need the change like now, tomorrow, immediately. into tremendous obstacle course which even i and other commissioners found it difficult to run. the ninth is the growing impact of international law. i began my life as a young lawyer who taught international law by a very great australian professional -- professor of oxford. many innings. one of them was international law. at that stage it was basically a story of the relationship of rinses -- princes.

that is over. it is now states and people and the relationship that is concerned with the condition of people in human rights and justice at the oak. this is a big change that has happened in my life. has not fully yet accomplished. it has an amazing what has happened. and well into add our domestic walls simply because this is the world in which we now live our domestic law and think it will be impacted by the growing body of international law and international practice such as the inquiry which i chaired. the 10th lesson i learned was the importance of having a truly effective secretariat. we have got. we had a very effective roof of 10 will from different parts of the world, different linguistic and cultural and legal traditions.

all of them very dedicated and determined to produce a report which would be if that did and which would serve the interests of the people of korea. that will be a question at the end of this week as to whether the importance4 of delivering on the mandate we were asked to deliver on the mandate which asks the question "how do we render those responsible accountable?" to the holocaust museum here in washington, d.c. today brought home to me how important that question is. it is as if you had a report on the dire situation effecting at aminorities in germany time when people said they did not know. now everyone knows. everyone who has access to the internet must know or must be able to get an secure

information on exactly what is happening. what they have been told in the report is reliable, it is confirmed i other testimony. if you have doubts, have a look at the witnesses. they are ordinary people who are telling most extraordinary stories. the most terrible and atrocious sufferings over and unforgivably long time. the time has come for action. i said that julius stone taught many things. me is thate taught

it is not given to any generation of human beings to correct every wrong at every injustice. and neither are we excused from the obligation to trying. that was the challenge. it is not given to any members of the great offices of the everyto write -- right wrong. we are surely not excused from our obligation to make a genuine effort now that we have the report of the commission of inquiry on human rights violation in north korea. [applause]

>> stay there. come on up. thank you. thank you for that compelling account. it is the challenge it opposes on each and every one of us. we are now going to move to the second part of our program. i want to acknowledge the presence of my friend and former capitol hill colleague ambassador robert king who is the u.s. government special envoy on north korea and human rights. we are pleased to have you with us today. nolanxt week is marcus who has come across mass -- not to -- he was come through massachusetts. mark is the executive bryce

president and the director of research. he is also one of the keenest observers of social and economic trends in north korea. we are pleased to have his commentary. because of the word "executive" he is going to have to slip away a tad early. we understand. if you would like to come to the podium -? >> thank you very much. i am deeply honored to what is paid in the gathering this afternoon. it is customary to speak such words at gatherings. the accomplishment of the commission inquiry cannot be stated. after the report there can be no question about the nature and scale of human rights abuses in the dprk.

the commission's website constitutes an archive of hundreds of hours of direct eyewitness testimony and expert testimony easily accessible to the public that will live on well after the rest of us have passed from this earth. the commission's work is an extraordinary accomplishment. you are deeply indebted to justice. bit ofsked to provide a commentary. what i would like to do is spend a few minutes placing the commission's work in a broader context. and getting out some of the ideas of where we go from here. especially here in the united states. rights issuesuman can be divided into two parts. the first concern is refugees. the visible tip of the iceberg here at a largely involves policies that are implemented out side of north korea. the refugees have fled the

country. the second part concerns the large subsurface components of the iceberg here it that is human rights -- iceberg. that is human rights issues within north korea. the commission's work constitute a message real founding of the iceberg that lowe's -- lies visible surface.ls - the first component consists of policies. diplomatic channels and requires the the pathetic government. that would involve many of the human-based processes. i am neither a lawyer nor a diplomat. at this point i have to admit that honestly i do not understand the intricacies of the united nations. cohen isly, roberta here and can explain that to you. the policies can be admitted unilaterally with or without the

acquiescence of the korean government. this includes things like broadcasting news and information into north korea, documenting human rights abuses for future work and so one. a striking aspect of the commission's work is that it straddles that divide. it provides a basis for ongoing aslomatic activity as well providing a foundation for work outside the system, so to speak. tactically moving forward with it couldrect agenda increase tension with north korea and can make progress more difficult. believe that is warranted. in terms of the u.s. policy, we piece ofexisting legislation, the north korean human rights act. implementation will be strengthened and a number of ways. we can improve the limitation at

the level of u.s. embassies, particularly in asia. educate a need to personnel and countries where north korean refugees have fled to understand their rights under the legislation and increased staffing of korean speakers and the relevant diplomatic facilities were north korea has made asylum plans. we should do a better job of theicizing support within korean american community so that people with north korean family members or friends or might want to seek asylum in the united states nowhere to turn. we could establish a hotline together with unhcr is rights ded i the human committees so north koreans in danger have some way of establishing contact for those who can offer them immediate protection. we should be providing scholarships to refugees. this is a justifiable

humanitarian gesture, such action could contribute to the regimeon of a post-kim elite. has been extending scholarships selected by their governments, refugees should not be let in kind. the united of states, such scholarships could be modeled by those provided to south africans and with respect to other entries and informal division of labor could be without. if sweden grants scholarship to north koreans, preps norway might provide them to refugees. in parallel, the united states and other countries should seek to persuade china to establish some process of regularization that would permit the refugees to remain in china on a temporary basis as an and him solution. as easy asake that

possible for the chinese. we should make it clear that we will take these people off of their hands. although it is preferable to have sustained cooperation on humanitarian and human rights issues, the unwillingness to leaves them little choice but to consider policies that do not require its consent. these naturally placed the international community anymore confrontational stance. given the lack of success and engaging north korea in the seriousness of issues in question, i believe the risks are warranted. efforts should be made to provide information directly to the north korean. they bolster existing activities of voice of america. statestion, the united should redouble its efforts to persuade north korea's neighbors more easycilities for

access as well as explorer transmission technologies that would allow us to exploit the ofreasing ubiquity smartphones in north korea. we can broadcast rate into the telephones. legislation before congress introduced more than 100 cosponsors and contains more provisions to support activities as well as establishing a fund to support activities under the north korean human rights act. we should have no illusions that the provision of information will lead to fundamental political change. it should have some effect of undercutting the north korean propaganda machine and increasing the pressure on the north korean government for greater accountability. it is important to

ensure to the extent possible that it is a mechanism of transformation and not simply an instrument to reinforce the status quo. would be toity enforce involuntary labor codes similar to those of that of the sullivan principles that were used in south africa touring the country's apartheid time. secretary general kofi annan. i recently wrote a paper on this issue that was released via the institute. i have additional material forthcoming. in short, what we should be doing is encouraging the sociologist what he termed everyday forms of resistance.

koreans toe of north new sources of information, new ways of doing business and organizing the lives, even exposure to foreign countries will begin to intensify the contradictions. it'll start to exert some constraints on the behavior of an effectively unaccountable regime. this is the ultimately tragedy of north korea that the commission has so ably documented. it is a state that has virtually untroubled capacity to inflict misery on its citizens here in i thank you for your attention. i would again like to thank justice kirby and his colleagues for their monumental work. i look forward to our discussion. inc. you. [applause] -- thank you. [applause] thank you very much. we have now about half an hour for an exchange between you the audience and our panelists.

before i call on the first question is, please keep the following in mind. wait for the microphone. identify yourself. brief. wequestion have very intelligent people on this plot or. they do not need to understand what your point is. pointer. they do not need a paragraph to understand what you're point is. >> i'm from the new york times. i would like to ask what are your specific recommendations for the un security council? tougheru call for sanctions against north korea? report, that our proposals for tougher sanctions. there are of course already in place a series of sanctions but

just to leaders in north korea and military hardware and so on. we have suggested that there are particular areas such as the that could lead to more clearly targeted sanctions. there is some evidence that is now coming in that indicates the problems of famine are far from past. food supplies is something that is a serious issue. 28% of children born in north korea at this time are stunted. that is to say their mothers have been malnourished during pregnancy and they're going to go to life with a very serious health issues.

this is not our suggestion. one of the primary recommendations that requires the intervention of security council was addressing the issue of accountability. that thethe suggestion case of north korea should be referred to the international criminal court. when we went to the possibilities through the reconciliation commission, joint national and international tribunal and prosecutor without a court, we came to the view used as thet effect i international criminal court. it has a prosecutor. they can embrace the matter even north koreas not party to the standard. it is heading up the

international criminal court. it does need a resolution of the security council. that is another matter. there is a whole long list of steps that are included in the report. getting this matter onto the agenda of the security council and having the security council acknowledged, admit, and except that human rights is intertwined at least in the case of north korea and at least in the gross n-gram -- and a grim circumstances outlined in the report, that is a very important request. it is a request but is there in the report of the commission of inquiry. i hope it will produce a good nextme either this week or when they come back to the security council.

idea that resist the there should be diplomatic arrangements made behind closed doors and a failure to allow the charts failure to allow charter to operate at the acted to operate. the permanent five members have voting mandate without which the united would probably -- nationsrvived would probably not have survived. the price of utilizing that mandate, the veto as it is called, is that it should be done openly and should be accountable not only before the bar of history but before the international community. that is another matter that i have been urging upon a all who would listen. this is an important time for the security council to step up and consider its obligations as the guardian of peace and security which