process. certainly, our direct customer needs to be very supportive of that. the pentagon, of course, needs to be strategically aligned with that capability being provided to an ally. the state department also has a voice in this process, as does congress. there has to be an alignment across the political spectrum to make those things happen. ofa number of things -- years ago, you made one of the most famous bombers of all time. originally there were supposed to be 130 built, but only about 20 were built. billion perout $1 copy. are they being used and are they effective? bomber is clearly a critical part of the nation's structure today. they are deployed and utilized as needed. we are very proud of the program and what it has contributed to national security. a programw, there is

that the air force is pursuing today for the next generation of long-range strike. i think that is a really important program for our country, and certainly a program that we as a company intend to support fully. >> is that it be three? >> you can call it a b three, but there is a next step. it is a competitive environment. so, a lot of the programs are ones you can't talk about. >> that is true. >> so what can you talk about? [laughter] can you tell us about any great products you have that are spying on other people? is anything you can tell us that we can learn that we don't know about? we won't tell anybody. critics not really. i can tell you some of the things we're most proud of. we are very proud of our unmanned systems capability. we just won the collier award

for the >> we demonstrated last year. we landed in unmanned aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier, which was quite an accomplishment there you can see it on youtube. if you haven't seen it before, you can see how this aircraft landed very precisely and accurately on the deck of an aircraft carrier. of course, it is able to take off the deck of the aircraft carrier as well. it is an example of a class of tech dodgy that is in its infancy. it is had an opportunity to grow to radically. >> president bush landed on an aircraft once. was your landing better? >> we didn't miss the wire. [laughter] >> you don't like the word drone. many of your unmanned things can be called drones. why do not like to use that word? >> we think is a poor reflection of the class of technology that really goes into making these

systems work. our unmanned systems are truly robotic. it is not simply a remotely piloted vehicle where there is someone sitting on the ground with a joystick actually flying the aircraft. our aircraft by themselves. the class of technology that is rangeir embodies a full of both aerodynamic technology as well as the computer science and autonomy technology that goes into making something truly robotic. >> today, we have a lot of troops are coming home and presumably they don't want to be redeployed. we are probably shrinking the number of men and women in our armed forces or do think that is a danger? can reduce or make things with electronics that we don't need as many men and women that we have had in combat troops? >> if you look at the national security strategy, i see it as having to fundamental underpinnings. first and foremost, we have the best trained servicemen and women around the world, that is

the core of the underpinning of our national security strategy. secondly, we equip those men and women are the very best technology. our strategy fundamentally relies on technological superiority. i look at what we're doing with unmanned and some of the other things that are going on in the tech lg arena as a way of supporting our servicemen and women. your question about structure. naturally, after we have been involved in conflicts, we have to take theforestructure down. the evolutionist technology as a complete rotation for people in any sense. they're costly has to be the right mix and balance of human talent and technology for us to execute our strategy. today, the equipment that you design and your competitor designed is pretty complicated.

it is not like a videogame. are the people that come into the military, are they able to operate these things as efficiently as designed? >> it is interesting. natives among us, though xander folks that are constantly coming into industry and the military, i would never undermine -- underestimate their ability to deal with technology. it is phenomenal what can be done. in fact, we observed this collectively as a nation as we deployed many young people in the theater over these last number of years. they invented what to do with many of these technologies in theater. they came up with new ideas. our servicemen and women actually using these technologies that have been provided to them use them in different ways that had not been thought of as they were being developed. i'm constantly impressed with what our servicemen and women can do. >> your background and what your company does involve something that might he called spy satellites heard some people might not call it that, but

let's say it is called spy satellites. are you surprised that with all the spy satellites around the world, they can't find the malaysian airlines? that surprise you? >> like most things, you have to be looking at what you want to observe when you need to observe say thatld certainly this has turned out to be a very challenging problem from a technology perspective. >> all of us have seen google earth. you can look at your house or something. do theysatellites -- have better resolution than google or not? >> you have to ask other folks about that one. [laughter] you are working your way up the company. did you expect to be in the aerospace defense industry when you're at m.i.t.? >> i always had my eye on the space industry. i have really been a part of that and my mind set thinking

since i was very young. be an engineer in the space industry. >> you want to be an astronaut? >> i think we all wanted to at some point in our lives? . [laughter] >> the tank, the food that they served -- so you rise up meteor likely in the company and then of 2010,e on january 1 the ceo. on the first day, he you said you're moving the headquarters from los angeles to washington. with -- was that a surprise to people? with the have given you the job they had known? >> i'm sure there would've been a number of folks who would've thought twice about that. we had great support within her company. certainly our board and our employees have been supportive. the transition here to washington has gone extraordinarily well. reason for it was obvious.

we need to be closer to our customer community. eating in california was great in terms of the legacy of the company. we have a large footprint in california. we have a huge capital infrastructure in california, but we needed our senior team to be closer to our customer community. that has worked out very well. >> do you spend one or two days a week meeting with the pentagon people, talking about why your products are good? >> more broadly, our leadership team spends a lot of time in the pentagon, spends a lot of time in the offices of the other parts of the national security community, as well as in the parts of the federal government. it is a team effort when it comes to national security. we need to be actively engaged across the board. >> talk about cyber warfare for a moment. i believe the community has something to do with it, but you

can't say. you think we are winning the cyber warfare game? or are the chinese are others ahead of us? how you rate us compared to other countries? cornerstone the technologies of our company. it is something we have been involved in long before the term cyber security became a popular term. , of course, came about through our work with the federal government and the need to protect the networks of the federal government. i am very concerned about this particular area. area where, when you look around the globe, the status of the threat profile is pretty advanced. i won't name countries or go into the fine details of that, but it is asymmetric. it takes a fairly small investment on the part of an adversary to put at risk large investments that we have as a

country. so we have to be very vigilant about this. i am pleased to see that even in this year's president budget proposal to congress that there's a large investment on the national security side for cyber defense and cyber protection. my biggest concern as we look forward is that we really aren't yet to a place where we are thinking about a broader society -- the broader impacts of cyber. we must step up to do with that level of issue and threat. there are some constraints out there that are holding businesses back in many respects. and of it is knowledge communication. another aspect of it is legislation. one of the things that i think is in front of us as a country is to get over this hurdle on legislation so that we can do the things we need to do to be more if in securing cyber infrastructure of this country. >> there were reports that our government was able to tap into

the computers of google or facebook or microsoft, was that a surprise to you? whatwouldn't comment on may or may not be happening with respect to other companies. with theimply say that world being so networked together, that our country's ability to have a presence in cyberspace and do the things we need to do for the long-term security of our nation and our allies is really important. >> so, as a ceo of your company, presuming people want to see what is on your computer, how do you make sure that your mobile device and your computer you might use at home is not going to be invaded by some foreign country? what you do? >> we all spend a fair amount of time and energy on our companies cyber security. we have made large investments in that arena. we know that that is constantly

changing. the threat environment that we're dealing with is possibly changing. it is a constant battle. just as it is for the department of defense and most of the federal agencies. >> amos of special way of doing this. is there anything you can tell us we can join our computers is comparable? >> change your password often. [laughter] >> today, there are five very large aerospace defense companies in the united states, you might say. over the last couple of years, the pentagon is not encouraged anybody to make acquisitions of each other. they want to have what we have now, but there were many more defense companies in previous years. do you think as a result of the defense cutbacks we're likely to see, there will be more consolidation among the large defense companies in the pentagon should allow that to happen? primes that out

there were built through .arge-scale m&a it really was a necessity that we go through that really over the course of the 1990's and early part of the last decade. there simply was not the level of budget to support the industrial infrastructure that existed at that time third so consolidation was genuinely in to enable our industry collectively to do the testings , to scale theo infrastructure so we could more efficiently and effectively support our customer community. during that time, the customer community was very supportive of it. those things would not have happened without customer support. i would say over the last decade the customer community has been more focused on ensuring competition. that is dominated a lot of the thinking. as we go forward is difficult to speculate what world events or other things might shape the thinking and whether that might change. i would say today the focus is on ensuring competition.

>> one time your company was going to merge with lockheed martin. >> yes, many years ago. >> do think that should be allowed in the future? >> i wouldn't speculate. i don't see anything like that on the near-term horizon. just our company, but in our industry. the world continues to change around us. if history tells us anything, things continue to change and we all need to understand what that means and be thinking forward on it. >> sometimes you divest things. you divested your ship the thing. since it was divested it has done well on its own. some people have criticized you for that saying why couldn't you have done it as well as it is doing now? >> i was amused by it. >> why did you spin off your ship holding business? >> let me say we are incredibly proud. onebuilding business was that was a part of that

aggregation that occurred in the late 90's and early part of the last decade. it started out with a lot of logic to it as to why it would make sense for a company like ours to own shipbuilding. as time went on, that logic true to not necessarily be the case. it really did not turn out that by owning ship the link that that was a convenient way for us to apply our other capabilities onto ships. in fact, oftentimes our customer community really wanted to separate those two things. it also became apparent over time that the business model and shipbuilding was different than the model we're using to create value in the rest of the northrop grumman enterprise. it was our assessment that these two businesses would fair better separated as opposed to being together. that was the action we took on the premise that they would do well. i'm absolutely delighted how this has turned out. >> you're in the aerospace defense business. as you pointed out, the revenues coming from the customer.

have you considered getting out of that business a bit getting into the business? -- other business? >> people love to chase growth. i think it is a mistake. a part of the learning that many of us went through in the 90's was that it is actually difficult for defense companies to suddenly paint themselves as a commercial company and try to pursue things in that direction. regular partnering. were we develop technologies that might make sense, finding the right partners is often a good business strategy, i think is more important that we stay focused, that we use the capital that we are able to generate in our business to create value through investing in ourselves it makesourse, where sense, to return cash to shareholders. does been the approach we're been using over the last couple of years.

it is working well for us and we're determined to keep that focus. >> you do have a big interest in conservation and the environment are and where did that spring from? >> i think it really came from growing up and enjoying the outdoors. my dad was someone who also, and still is, loves the outdoors. i have two brothers and he constantly took the three of us out and went camping and hiking and the rest of it. i hear you are a product of how you grew up. i certainly am. >> you have tried to make your theme or sustainable. can you describe a year of chicken and aerospace defense company and made it sustainable? >> it is often a quizzical look that i get when i talk about environmental sustainability. go to make weapons? athink we all have responsibility in this regard. if we think about any of our enterprises, whether we are in the defense business or any other, i think we have a social responsibility, a long-term

responsibility to think about sustainability and to do the best that we can with the resources we have at our disposal to think about what our companies are doing, both in the near and long terms. we have taken on what you might say our traditional things, but actually very important things. we have worked hard on a greenhouse gas emissions. we set a goal about five years 25% of our out emission intensity. we actually achieved that in three years aided our team really rallied around this and focused on her and we are working hard on reducing our and working hard on reducing our water utilization. i will tell you one of the things that to me has been the most satisfying is not getting other organizations to say hey isn't that great, northrup grumman is doing something good, what is been most satisfying has been to see how our employees have rallied around getting this done. it is unleashed and energy and a pride in our company that i, quite honestly, thought might be

there but did not expected at the level i have seen it. our ability to make progress is that -- as rapidly as we have has pleased me. >> if the president called you and said you've done a great job running the aerospace and defense company, why don't you come and be the secretary of defense? would you do that? to have a great burning desire to go into government? i guess not if you haven't done it yet, but would you ever consider being secretary of defense? 100% focus on doing what i'm doing today. i feel that i'm actually able to make a difference for our country. working with the team that i work with and working with the community that i work with, i admire folks to step up and take on public service. -- i always is admired and i appreciate when people do it.

everyone gets to a certain place in life where they think about those things differently. i will tell you i am completely focused on running our company. >> supposes are called you up and said i have a problem in the .kraine you have any products or services i could use? what would be your advice to the president about the ukraine? gavin advice for him? >> i would stay out of providing any device on that front. i would say is important for our national security capabilities to be capable of supporting the president at all times in everything we're are doing. i am very worried that the vector we are on from a budgetary perspective is one that will undermine the president's ability over the long term, whoever's president at any particular point in time, you really do what needs to be done. i think we have an issue there that needs attention. developings you're productskunk works new

for the future. are there any great things that we can see in five or 10 years that will make life better? part of theay that excitement of the defense industry is exactly that. the consulate working on the leading edge of technology. in our company we have about 65,000 employees. a little more than half of them are degreed scientists, engineers, mathematicians. his is a very technologically sophisticated enterprise. the lifeblood of an enterprise such as this is that technology flow and that investment that we both make in our enterprise from a technology perspective and that our customer community makes in us. we are constantly innovating what is next. we are also constantly careful to protect what is next, because if we're going to have technological superiority, we are not just going to open the cupboard and let everybody see what is there. the message that we have and we

, it might beecruit interesting to work for the big names are scenic as commercial technology companies, but for young folks that want to work at the leading edge, it is our industry. it has been for long time and we are determined to continue to make it that way. >> in a school like m.i.t., a lot of the most talented engineers have come to this country from other countries. the comfort china or india or other places. they get a degree year. we are able to hire these individuals if they are not american citizens? how do you deal with that issue? >> we are able to hire some foreign nationals but not many. it is a challenge. i think broadly is a challenge not just for defense industry, but it is a clearance issue. i think is a challenge for all of our industry that we are educating so many bright people in our country that we aren't able to keep in our country. i'm a strong proponent of getting on with immigration

reform and enabling us to take advantage of the amazing educational enterprise that we have in our country to help continue to grow our economy. >> what you see is a biggest single challenge for the company going forward? is it the defense budget or other things to worry about the most? what is the biggest problem you see? >> the biggest challenges talent. our enterprise runs on the brilliance of the people who work in it, both in terms of folks in our company and folks in the defense department and the other elements of the national security enterprises. is a tough battle for talent out there today. there is sometimes a misperception that because the economy has been tough for a few years it is easy to hire people that you need. when it comes to getting the have a lot of opportunities, particularly when it comes to getting the best of american universities, which continue to be among the very best enterprises on the globe. talent over the long term i

think is the challenge very >> a losing these engineers to google, facebook or hedge funds or private equity funds? who are you losing them to? >> is not so much about who we are losing them to, it is about getting them. quite frankly, and i think many folks have studied and understood what is happening from an educational perspective, we are not graduating, as a nation, and have stemmed all five graduates to support the demands of we have today. hopefully, as our economy starts to take up, that demand will continue to grow. we have got to get more through our pipeline. >> uintah high school in west virginia. you went to m.i.t.. were you intimidated when you got there and saw that there were a lot of brilliant people? are did you think there were not as smart as you thought they were? >> anyone who walks in the door in m.i.t. is -- and is not intimidated is not awake. that ieat environment

absolutely love. lots of incredibly smart people and lots of folks who are just naturally talented at asking tough questions. i really enjoyed it. >> have they come after you had m.i.t. for donations? >> we all do what we can to help. [laughter] particularly when it comes education. from my perspective the opportunity we have is a country ,o continue to stay ahead relies fundamentally on our ability to keep higher education at the forefront. >> when you deal with members of congress and you try to explain your programs, do they really understand what you're talking about? to have the sophistication to understand that? mix.think there's always a those who serve on the committee's that are focused on are issues, i find invest the time and energy and have the natural curiosity about what is going on from a committee perspective that they really do

understand it. there's always a wrap up. when new member's of congress, and, and we have had a few new members, and, it takes a while for any person, no matter how smart you are, to get your arms around the complexities of a goes on from a national security perspective. are talking to members are not involved in the national security committees, that they are not inherently as fluent in all those issues. it takes some dialogue. i would say, across both parts of congress, both the senate and house and both parties, there is a strong interest in national security. >> you see any threat that foreign governments and the defense contractors have any chance of overcoming the major defense contracts of the united states in terms of capabilities? to see american companies still dominating this world for a long time? >> i would say our industry is becoming more global security industry. there's a lot of partnering that

is going on between companies based in the u.s. and companies based in our allied nations. we are working to expand our footprint internationally and i think very appropriately. many of internationally-based defense enterprises are working to expand the footprint here. i think of our industry as a global security industry, not just a domestic security industry. >> today, two other large companies are based in washingtondefense. they're headed by women. does general dynamics and lockheed martin. you feel like you're part of an affirmative action program being a male running in aerospace defense company? or is it not affirmative action and your company is happy to have you ceo? >> only to say, i'm really proud of the progress in our industry in that regard very it was not that long ago that if you had suggested the defense industry was a good example of diversity,

you would have gotten a round of laughter, and very appropriate laughter, because we had not. we have made great progress. we have not only had some trivet women ceos in our industry, and they are, they are absolutely traffic, we also have outstanding women executives at all levels. if you look inside northrop grumman, half of the senior executives that report to me are women. we are a better company because we have improved our diversity and our inclusion. i think we are a better industry because we have been working so hard on diversity and inclusion. wordperfect? absolutely not. we have a lot of work to do. i give a lot of credit to customer community. this is an area where the dod, before the industry side of it really began to think hard about this, the dod was thinking about it. our customer community has worked hard on community -- has worked hard on diversity. we all have a long way to go here. we are making good progress and

i am proud at how we're are doing. >> you're in your early 50's and you have a long way to go. you have any plans to stay for a certain number of years in your current position? do want to do it for 10 more years? do you have any plans? >> i'm having so much fun at what i'm doing, have not really thought about that from a long-term perspective. as long as a board will have me and i'm having a good time doing what i'm doing, i hope i can continue to help create value and help support our national security. >> if you do leave at some point, have you considered a higher calling such as private equity? [laughter] gosh, not right now. >> thank you very much for your time. [applause]

>> oh my goodness, that is beautiful. >> thank you very much. [applause] >> in the weekly addresses, president obama notes the observances of easter and passover. tennessee senator lamar alexander gives the republican address. he outlines the differences between republicans and democrats in their approach to overning. >> high, everybody. for millions of americans, this time of year old great meaning. earlier this week we hosted a passover seder at the white house and joined jewish families around the world in their retellings of the story of the exodus and the victory of faith over oppression. this sunday, michelle, malia, sasha and i will join our fellow

christians around the world in celebrating the resurrection of christ. the salvation he offer the world and the hope that he offer the world that comes with the easter season. these still inspires. the guide us and strengthen us today. they remind us of our responsibilities to god and as god's children, irresponsible -- our responsibilities to one another. for me and for countless other christians, holy week and easter art times for flexion and renewal. we remember the grace of an awesome god, who loves us so deeply that you give us his only son so that we might live through him. we recall all that jesus endured and agony ofcorn the cross. also that we might be forgiven our sins and grant everlasting life. we commit ourselves to following his example to love and serve one another, reticular leave the least of these among us, just as he loves every one of us. the common thread of humanity

that connects us all, not just christians and jews, but muslims and hindus and sikhs, is our shared commitment to love our neighbors as we love ourselves, to remember i am my brother's keeper and i am my sisters keeper. whatever your faith, a lever or nonbeliever, there's no better time to rededicate ourselves to that universal mission. for me, easter is a story of hope, a belief in a better day to come just around the bend. so to all christians are celebrating from my family to yours, happy easter. to every american, have a joyful weekend. thanks, god bless you and may god bless this country we love. >> i'm senator lamar alexander. have you ever read something so obviously right that it made you wish you had written it? that happens to me the other day reading newt gingrich is look "breakout."

he is quoting tim o'reilly was talking about the way the government should operate in the internet age. foraid, the best way government to operate is to figure out what kind of things are enablers of society and make investments and those things. figured way that apple out if we turn the iphone into a platform, outside developers will bring hundreds of thousands of applications to the table, " then o'reilly went on to say that government use to look like smartphone developers did now. apple turned the iphone into a platform in which the killer feature was that other people could make features. just imagine if instead of mandating things for you to do, if government became a platform, just like your iphone, enabling you to create a happier, safer, more prosperous life.

as anly, government enabler was a good idea long before anyone imagined the internet. 1944, the jericho enabled world war ii veterans to attend a college of their choice, helping them become the greatest generation. today, half are college students have federal grants or loans that follow them to the colleges of their choice, enabling them get a ticket to a better life and job. the senate voted to continue to give vouchers to working moms and dads to pay for childcare while they earn degrees that enable them to get better jobs. 2012, house majority leader eric cantor's jobs act cut red tape and made it easier for entrepreneurs to launch a business, raise capital, take cap -- take companies public areas steve case recently wrote 70% increasebled a in initial public offerings this

tor and provides a model tackle other heart problems with innovation compromise and courage. while these ideas have attracted bipartisan support, usually in washington, republicans are the enablers and democrats are the man daters. republicans say the success of a jobs act proves that lifting the big wet blanket of obama regulations would enabler free enterprise system to create plenty of jobs. meanwhile, under the democrats fishel spent more time filling out forms and making loans. allow more want to flexibility for working parents, enabling them to attend soccer games and piano recitals. i have proposed allowing states federalhave their education dollars into $2100

scholarships that enable parents of low-income children to choose the best school. democrat man daters insist on telling the children what school is best. senator tim scott of south carolina would allow federal dollars to follow a child with down syndrome or another disability to the school the parents choose. democrat mandate or satan no, government knows best. republican senators proposed legislation to give back to states control over whether teachers and schools are succeeding or failing. democratic mandate is proposed in effect a national school board. provides the most glaring difference to train republican enablers and democrat mandate years. too often, obamacare cancels the policy you wanted to keep and tells you what policy to buy, even if it costs more, and even if it restricts your choices of doctors and hospitals.

that freedomelieve and more choices will empower you to find a policy that fits your needs and your budget. republicans will a to buy insurance across state lines, allow small businesses to join together and ensure more people. expand access to health savings accounts, give governors flexibility with their state medicaid programs, and allow patients to compare the price and quality of doctors and medical services. republicans want to enable you. we want to be the affluent party. we believe government ought to be a platform that gives you opportunity and freedom to create a happier, more prosperous and safer life. just imagine the internal revenue code, the fda, or the labor department, enabling you, rather than ordering you around. now, let's make this address

itself a platform that enables you to create a better life. imagine your government as your iphone. how can government empower you with the freedom and knowledge to make decisions to create a happier, more prosperous, and safer life for yourself and for your family? e-mail your ideas to ideas that alexander. senate.gov. we will learn from you. thank you. for best wishes on this easter weekend. >> former secretary of state clinton among the participants in the sixth annual women in the world summit. live at 7 a.m., your calls and comments on "washington journal." >> for over 35 years, c-span brings public affairs events from washington directly to you, putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house events, briefings and

conferences, and offering complete gavel-to-gavel coverage of the u.s. house, all as a public service of private industry. we are c-span, created by the cable tv industry 35 years ago and brought to you as a public service by your local cable or satellite provider. watch as in hd, like us on facebook and follow us on twitter. >> next, the fifth annual women in the world summit in new york city. during the next two hours, you'll hear first-hand stories of bombings in chemical attacks in syria, a pop singer who's leading protests in ukraine, and they conversation with hillary clinton. -- and a conversation with hillary clinton. [applause] for thisman i am here angelica, a roman .atholic nun in the congo

displaced of being was real and not a happy experience. ,t was a huge trauma for me living in the bush. at night we could not sleep. we were never well and always scared. i had one song in my mind. lord, do what you want with me. when i was singing that song, i could finally find the calm heard this on give me courage to go back to the town, to identify the woman who had displaced. why -- for these women, to encourage them, to have them find a happy life. [applause]

for iswoman i'm here llana. i am cynthia and i am first. coming from an immigrant family and the first generation born in the u.s., i had an early understanding of the challenges that people face. my parents worked two jobs. my sisters were teen parents and my brother was a drug addict. i had two cultures, two languages, and low income realities that made a lot of opportunities seem distant. regardless of the situation, i embraced my personal story and made it my motivation to move forward. college was my step toward getting a rewarding career. it is not as scary as people might think. college, i nowo have the chance to be a role model for my family.

someday, my nieces, nephews and my own children will look at me and follow my path. [applause] >> the woman i am here for is a gender activist in nairobi, kenya. i came from a very polygamist family of 40 children and grew up with hardship. every society has different challenges. from where i was raised, and it quality was compounded i a lot of social amenities, -- a lack of social amenities. that il my mother saying want my daughters and other girls to be better than who i am. while my mother did not know how , she wasr write

devoted to enrolling girls in school. she initiated the neighbors in need program, and now i am her successor. girl childorting education, mentoring girls who are refugees, and internally displaced persons, and advocating for policies that change gender inequalities. [applause] the woman i'm here for is the only health worker in the village. since i'm the only health worker in the facilities taking care of a large population, i have to plan properly. the officer, the pharmacist, the nurse and more. thankfully, the community supports me by cleaning the facility. .upplies and equipment are few

the increase in maternity and outpatient charges have forced me to dig into my own pockets to secure essential medications. i do this because i am part of the community. my work is challenging, but also very rewarding. when i see people get better and have hope it keeps me going. my passion has been my greatest strength. [applause] >> the woman i'm here for is from pakistan. i'm the youngest among my siblings. i was walking home from school and i went to the store to buy a toy for my niece. a man pressed a handkerchief on my. i fainted. i was kidnapped and then gang raped by four men. they said they wanted to declare me an outlaw.

then they wanted my brother and father that they would kill me. this is what happens in pakistan . men get away with it because they are powerful. these men set the rules and they think they know how to deal with issues. they don't. , mylife is destroyed education is destroyed, my family is destroyed. i don't care what the judge says, i know i was wrong. i will not step backwards and will always carry on my fight for my rights. [applause] for is from'm here cambodia. our government does iq with weapons. they kill with corruption. they sold the land beneath their homes and we are expected to disappear without a sound. thatone of the people here capital phnom penh.

my home is taken from me by government greed and exchange for skyscrapers and shopping malls. the protest is not the cambodian way, especially for woman. i cannot tolerate corruption. a generation of young people in cambodia are growing up with broken hearts. this cannot stand. i have been arrested, harassed, they try to intimidate me. i been detained, imprisoned, held for months. it will continue. but so will we. we believe in democracy and we will fight for it. we will be seen we will be , athe woman i am here for was a first-time

offender. back, i met a man named john and i helped him set up his new business. his business was selling crack cocaine. i helped him for a little over a month in return for money which i used to pay bills and buy groceries. after six weeks, i moved myself and my kids a way to start a new life. we were living in boston when i was indicted on drug charges. moreld not have been wrong. i spent the last two decades behind bars before it was granted my freedom. as difficult as my time in prison was on me, my heart breaks that i was not there for my children. tough, but ird is am determined to work hard to be

a mother and to have a good life. [applause] i am here for is from uganda. i am always here from monday and till monday. i must rush wherever and whenever i am needed. sometimes i have to run long distances to meet mothers. sometimes am only to find that they have already delivered. once, i found a woman giving birth was a terrifying sight and no woman should ever have to i mustugh that area and do that every other day, and

although my heart breaks, i am in agonizing pain. giving birth under very harsh conditions. be very harsh conditions, yet, we co-. >> the woman i am here for is afghanistan's first female boxer invite did to compete in the olympic games. with a long beard came to the office and sent to the coach, you must not train girls. they even called my father to threaten his life, asking why they would allow their daughter to do boxing. however, my father was happy.

someone who sat next to me joked that he does not want to sit next to me because he is scared that i might punch him. i must make progress in sports and not to marry soon. must tell people of the world that we can progress. we can advance as well. i will proudly fight for women and for afghanistan. [applause] ♪

>> i was at school when it was bombed. some of the children were killed. i was running fast on an endless road. siblings, we were running back home seeking protection in my mother's arms. when we saw the bomb at the school, we saw all of the bombs all over the world. finally, i was home. .he bombs stopped for a while mom served lunch. i ate, drank a glass of water, then went to my room with my

notebook and pen. i wanted to do my homework. all of a sudden, the bombing presumed. i dropped my pen and my notebook and i hid under the table. i thought it might protect me. i left my home, i left my school bag, my notebook, my pencils. i did not finish my homework. little by little, home faded away. the pomegranates and the lemon trees and the jasmine bush in my garden. our neighbors home. my grandfather's house. my friends house. it all faded away. god, what happened to my country. since that day, my exile started.

this young girl has a name, of course, but revealing her identity would place her and her family in danger. oxfam has established a video in lebanon, so she will be able to share this weekend with us. from a half world away. her,ld like to say this to your words matter. words matter. you are the girl that i am here for tonight, and this is your home. when i take my pencil and notebook, what shall i write about, shall i write about my school, my house, my land. school, when will i visit you

again? , and run to you, my school is no longer there. destruction is everywhere. no more students and no more scattered,chool is here and there. write about my house, that i don't longer see? where i can no longer be? shall i write about flowers, which now smell of distraction? syria, my beloved country, when will i go back to you? i have so many dreams. none of them will come true. all i want is to live in my country in freedom. syria, my beloved country, i love you.

>> good evening, i was cynthia mcfadden. it is such a pleasure to be here with you. these women are going to tell you what they have seen with their own eyes. they were eyewitnesses to a horrific humanitarian crisis. thank you for being with us today. we will have the president and ceo of the international rescue committee. first, we want to hear from two women who witnessed what is happening in syria today. the places that was attacked with chemical weapons. and us back to that day what you saw and what you witnessed.

>> my cousin and i heard on the internet there was a chemical assaults. an hour it hits my town. missiles andng the the bombing overnight. the bombing this night was different than any other night before. after half an hour, we started feeling dizzy. running, there was something different in the air. we woke up of all of the family members and the kids.

we tried to help some, to put --e kind of >> were your throats and eyes burning at this point? >> yes. we found some difficulties breathing. we decided to go to the medical hospital. we used to be nurses. we rushed to the hospital and tries to help. usually it takes only five minutes to get there. bombinguse of the heavy and shelling it took us 20 minutes.

i saw thousands of corpses. women, men, and children. i remember my friend screaming and yelling out saying all god of oh god. i was so shocked. when i got closer, i saw people fighting in a very scary way. i was afraid of them. i was at the door of the hospital and saw the doctor. he said to go to the hospital and try to help. there was a 300 square meter basement. all lot of dead people. dying,who were screaming, shouting.

trying to wake up their loved ones. it was very scary and horrible. >> you and your brother were there for a. of time. it was making you sick as well. >> yes. to wash the bodies , for some severe cases, we had a small amount of shots. we did not realize the contact would affect us. there was a different smell in the air. we did not have time to think about it.

many people died that day, not only because of the chemical attack that also because of the shelling. people were injured from the shelling as well. i could not see, i was blinded for a week after that. i remember we put the corpses in a house next to the hospital because there was no more room. that house was shelled also. so those people died twice that day. >> i want to talk to you in a moment about the children because, of course, in any conflict, children suffer so terribly, women, but the town had been under siege before this chemical attack. >> for a year. >> for a year. >> yeah, for a year. >> what were the conditions prior to the chemical attack?

>> the most horrible conditions you can imagine, no services, no food. >> to no power. >> no power. every day, the situation became worse and worse. the kids and the children were the most affected. we felt like their childhood was stolen from them. we tried to do something to them, me, my cousin, some of the girls from the town, they try to help us. we do some kind of entertaining things, we do -- we tried to regain and the happiness of their lives. we organized a party like holiday. >> at the end of ramadan? >> yes. we organized a very, very beautiful party.

and it was very, it was a week before the chemical attack. just a week. some of those kids that were at the party died that day. that day, 2,300 died, 900 were women and 700 were children. >> say that again. >> in one night, 2,300 people died that were killed. 900 were women, 700 were children. >> you were already politically motivated before all of this. tell us about what happened to your father.

>> my father, at the end of 2011 he was detained for helping injured people. >> for helping injured people. >> yeah. >> not for political activism, not trying to overthrow the regime, for trying to help people. >> yeah. he is just a simple man. he told me and my brother to take our right. >> he said he raised you to be a rebel? >> yeah. he always told me about how his father, how they killed people in the 1980's, so he told me those things and he told me that

one day we have to liberate our country before the revolution started. >> do you know where your father is today? >> no. we just know that he is in jail. we hear rumors about him, but we don't know if it's accurate information about him. >> like so many people that have disappeared? >> yes. >> thank you, i know -- i can't imagine how hard it is to have to relive this, but we benefit so much from understanding your testimony and your witness of it. thank you. >> thank you. thank you for this chance. \[applause] >> can i tell them you're worried about your english? no need to worry about the

english. you committed just fine, my friend. you spent your early childhood in the united states, but have been back to your country many, many times to syria. you were there for two years during the height of the until now, you could say. tell me about the day you experienced the barrel bombing. >> it was early in january of 2013. i was doing door to door distribution in a little village which is in the northern suburbs of hamel. there was absolutely nothing going on that seemed a little bit peculiar. they were kids riding on their bikes, a little vegetable cart and then all of a sudden the helicopter comes and you hear people screaming, nekacit which means it's descending. that means it's going to start to throw. then you look around you and all of a sudden you see mothers carrying children, one with one arm and one with another arm and looking for a hole to jump in like a rat.

six barrels fell on us that day. it was, i'm sure that the people who know about what is going on in syria have heard the words scary, horrific, disasterous, it was a combination. you didn't know where the barrels were going to fall so you didn't know where you could hide. you didn't know if you could stay alive or not. luckily for me, sadly for them, it fell about half a kilometer away from us and it brought down two buildings. as we headed towards those buildings, we wanted to see who was still alive so we can try to pull them out of from under the ruins and we're all running and

there is a 3-year-old child under the ruins i really didn't think this is dead. i didn't know the back of his head was open. from the front, it was fine. everything that i have read about in history, i have seen it being practiced in syria as we speak. every four minutes, a syrian person is detained. every 10 minutes, a syrian person is missing. every 13 minutes, a syrian person is wounded. and every 15 minutes, a syrian human being is getting killed. >> two people will die in syria while we're having this conversation? >> yes, ma'am. >> one of the other things about the barrel bombs that day was many people's lips turned blue. you don't know what was in the barrel bombs? >> when you look at the white

smoke, you look at the people's faces and everybody's lips were blue including mine. for many months after that, everybody was coughing. i'm still coughing. i'm still coughing a very strange cough. we don't know what they put in these barrel bombs. best you can paint a picture for electricity, no food. >> no diesel. >> no school. no school for the kids, right? >> that's the most horrible

thing, not having school, that means a whole generation is in danger. the generations just to see blood and all of these terrible things and forget about learning, forget about improving their lives. that's very harmful. that's -- the future is not going to be that bright for syria if the situation can stay like that. those kids will know syria. they are out of school and away from education and all these needy things for us, that means the future of syria is not going to be as bright as we dreamed of.

>> you were telling me earlier that it's a sunny days that you dread. those are the days the planes can fly. the cloudy days you think there is a break in the shelling. >> yes. >> if i may just add one thing. currently the percentage of illiteracy in syria is over 20%. children over 6 years old have not gone to school for three years in a row. there are two reasons for that. the first reason is when they actually go to school, the schools get shelled and targeted. we have seen many horrific events of schools being targeted while the kids are in school. it happened in two places. >> there are u.n. charges that children are being targeted in syria specifically. you're a witness to that? >> a lot of kids who died in my town were killed by snipers and those snipers are knowing that those, they are killing kids. they are killing children. that's very horrifying because i feel like they are, you know, they're punishing -- >> they're punishing the parents.

>> so tell me what you're trying to do to make a difference. >> well, we always say something in syria that the revolution is not just a rifle. it's also giving a lending hand to a person in need. it's also a song, a prayer, a drop of tear, a flame of hope. i do whatever i want to do because, well, let me rephrase that. i am who i am because of the country that i grew up in. i grew up here. i learned in the united states that you're supposed to help someone when they're in need. three years ago i went to syria and i'm going back. >> are you frightened? >> i'm petrified. i'm petrified. [applause] >> five kilometers as you head from turkey inside syria, five kilometers, you're no longer

safe and you don't know when your moment might come. we are ok on the ground, but we're never ok in the air. the helicopters, the meg 27's, the missiles, the artillery, we get shelled in the northern states of syria, we get shelled at least seven to eight times on a daily basis. and if i picture a city for you, it's a little city of at least 20,000 people in population. it's a ghost city now. there is absolutely no sign of life. you go inside the city and you're looking at the streets and the buildings and the walls are down and you see the beds where people were still sleeping and you can see the bloodstains still on the bed sheets. they are dead.

>> in many ways, women have been at the heart of this. women have, men have suffered greatly, but in the world, when men are suffering, the women are suffering worse and the children worse still? >> children and women are in every part of the revolution. it takes part as a mother, as a demonstrator, as an activist and everything she participated and as for the role that the man play in the revolution, she was motivating him. she was behind that. she was behind the whole revolution, this is my opinion. i'm so proud to be a syrian

woman. [applause] >> i have to say if the two of you are good examples, syrian women are strong and they are relentless and they will make a difference in all of this. will you go back? >> yeah, for sure. >> i'm planning to stay now on the border between syria and turkey. we're planning to go into the northern part of syria and try to do some kind of program for the kids, psychological programs, educational programs. >> i know you both are despairing for your country and we're going to talk to david in a minute about international response and the humanitarian crisis that exists, but do you believe that syria can rise again, can come back? >> well, we have already won.

i can give you several examples on how we won. for example, the syrian women can now participate in all different aspects of the public world without having to be belonging to a particular party. they can be free. they can be democratic. they can be independent and liberal. the evolution, the social evolution that i have witnessed in my training seminars when i was traveling from one village to another, we would be getting shelled by missiles and the trainees would say please continue. please continue. it was remarkable. >> we want to die educated, you told me. >> that's what they said. if we're going to die, we want to die educated. please continue. [applause] >> the work has no end. there is no give up. we'll continue. >> you will continue to fight. >> yeah.

>> you have inspired me and i know you have inspired this audience. ladies, thank you so much for sharing your story. [applause] >> amazing. i'm going to move over this way and we'll talk to david. thank you so much. [applause] >> so, well, it's dire. it's dire but not hopeless or you wouldn't be here. >> that's our job in the i.r.c. and the other humanitarian organizations to try to emulate the kind of extraordinary courage, resilience that you have heard tonight and it's truly an honor to be here and humbling to be on the same platform as the women that you have heard from tonight, but the testimony you have heard from them is the hesitate that our

testimony that our staff hear and see every day running cross border operations into syria or operating in the four neighboring countries where we're active. >> so, david, it has been called the worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st century. put it in some context for me. first of all, do you agree, and secondly, let me understand -- >> it's the worst humanitarian crisis. it's the defining humanitarian crisis and the tragedy is, it's the defining failure of a humanitarian response as well. that's what we need to address. people talk about this, the kind of rwanda of the 21st century. i can see why. we're coming up on the 20th century of the appalling genocide in rwanda. there is a different historical parallel. in 1979 when the soviet union invaded afghanistan, basically half of the population were displaced into neighboring cubs. that is what is happening today, the 9 million figure that you used tonight, that's out of a population of 21 million. 3 million into the neighbors

countries, 6 million displaced in their own country. you have heard extraordinary testimony about what is going on inside syria. i don't think people appreciate what is happening in the neighbors. in lebanon, it's a country of 4.5 million people. it has 850,000 refugees. that is like the whole of britain, the whole of britain -- shall i have your mic, thank you? >> someone can do something about my mic. >> can you hear him? >> yeah. >> the scale of the refugee burden in lebanon is like the whole of britain coming to mark in the space of three months and three years. it's an extraordinary toll on very fragile societies. that's why i think it's important to see it's not just as a syrian civil war, it's a regional conflagration of major and defining proportions. >> the crisis is obviously not getting better.

it's getting worse. the u.n. -- we have more mics. everyone can have a mic. >> need to keep it up by your chin, please, thank you. >> television is easier. [laughter] i got to tell you, it is. first of all, all of those people out there, you can see the camera and secondly you don't have to worry about this. anyway, to the point, the u.n. humanitarian has given a report in syria declaring that the situation has only gotten worse in the five weeks since the security council passed a resolution which i might note actually had the russians signing on and yet still there is isn't passage inside the country to deliver humanitarian aid. if the security council resolution isn't working, what will? >> well, for three years, we have been arguing for a humanitarian resolution of the united nations. we finally got one. if there is one thing worse than not having a resolution, it's

having a resolution that isn't then followed. it makes a mockery not just of the united nations as an institution, it makes a mockery of the countries that have voted for it. it's significant what she has said. we're arguing very simply that every permanent member of the security council and other countries in the region with an interest need to appoint humanitarian envoys of a very serious nature that can give daily attention to this. with all of the crises in the world, the attention of john kerry and other foreign ministers is dragged elsewhere. this is a crisis that has tardy and episodic attention on the humanitarian side. it needs sustained attention. that kind of initiative drawing on u.n. ambassadors or other former skects of state or senior politicians to play a daily role in exposing the brutality and forging the local cease-fires, to allow organizations like ours to deliver aid. in the last three years, the

i.o.c. has managed to help 500,000 syrians with medical aid and 500,000 syrians with nonmedical items to help get through the winter. you heard tonight, she actually received one of the aid packages that we sent in there. so it is possible to get across border. it's very hard to get across conflict lines. that's what you need daily engagement to ensure that despite a civil war, you can deliver aid to those in need. >> so what kind of pressure can you bring? do you think the observers from the various countries, is that the next step? >> i wouldn't describe them so much as observers. they are agitators. >> troublemakers? >> agitators with attitude and with correct and authority, the authority of their governments and the truth is attention wanders. the wandering attention is

betraying generations of people in syria and the neighboring countries. just given the focus of this conference, 80% of the refugees are women and children. just be absolutely clear about that. every crisis, who bears the greatest brunt? it's women and children. so, for example, we're running 18 centers in the neighboring countries. what do the women who come to those centers report to us? what they report to us is much heightened levels of sexual violence, massively increased levels of domestic violence and shockingly in 20% of the caseload we have in jordan, forced early marriage is part of their family experience. very young girls being forced into marriage for reasons of security or simply to get money into the household. that is the kind of trauma that is being suffered every day by women and very young girls in syria and in the neighboring countries. >> so in terms of the syrians who have been able to leave the

country, the amassing of these camps in lebanon primarily, but in the region, what -- >> it's really interesting that you use the image of the camp because the iconic image of a refugee is someone in a refugee camp. 85% of the refugees in the syria crisis are not in camps. in lebanon, they have experience with palestinian refugee camps. they vowed never to build another camp. in lebanon, 850,000 people, refugees in that country are in urban areas. so 1,000 lebanese towns and cities have doubled their population because of the refugee flow. this is people sometimes with savings, remember, this is a middle class country, syria, is dissolving before their eyes. they're renting, they're borrowing, they're begging or squatting. go to any town or village in lebanon, you'll meet syrian refugees. the old model of delivering services in refugee camps

doesn't work. we want to provide community-based education to help the kids and we have curriculum to help them do that. there is a partial humanitarian response outside the country which desperately needed added resource and effort. inside the country you have 2.5 million people besieged and cut off from aid virtually completely. >> what does it say about the rest of us that people are living in these circumstances. >> well, i think that, i hesitate to say this but the -- let me give you an example. for our organization, we raise more money from the public in the space of four or five weeks of the philippines crisis than we have raised in three years of the syria crisis.

>> natural disasters are more appealing to people, apparently? >> i don't believe the people have lost their spirit of generosity. what i think has happened is they lost the sense that they can make a difference. >> so a bleak picture. >> the message i want to say is that actually there is more capacity in the n.g.o.s, not just the i.o.c., but other incredibly brave n.g.o.'s to do much, much more. there is a test being posed to all of us. there is a test to governments, whether they're willing to step up to do the relatively easy things which are about supporting humanitarian aid and hard things of stopping the war. there is a test for the neighboring countries who are under huge burden. there is a test for n.g.o.s about whether or not we can amend our practice and change the way we work so that we're operating in urban areas with the kind of efficacy and efficiency that people have a right to demand but also there is a test for all of us, the public, because, look, post-iraq, post afghanistan, post the financial crisis, you can see why the temptation is to turn away from abroad.

my very strong message is that we can't afford to turn away and the people, the poor people that you have heard from, at least has been born witness to tonight can't afford to turn away. 80% of humanitarian aid still comes from western countries. >> 80%. >> 8-0, yes. >> so in addition to sending our dollars, is this a situation that can be affected by political pressure here at home, do you believe, or do you think that there is no, that that's just not going to work. >> you got to believe that. look, i spent 15 years in politics and left politics six months ago to join the humanitarian movement. clearly i believe -- >> even read about that over here. >> i believe in the power of politics. it's important to see the two ends of the telescope. what i say to people, the humanitarian sector, we can stop the dying, but it takes politics to stop the killing. you need to operate on both sides. the fear always in the

humanitarian movement is we don't want to be politicized and that's absolutely right. we deliver aid impartially and independently to those in need. the message is a different one. don't politicize the humanitarian movement, bring humanity to politics. that is the voice that needs to be heard in the corridors of power. >> that seems like the perfect place to end. david, thank you so much. fantastic. [applause] >> ♪ [singing in foreign language]

♪ >> ♪

[applause]

>> i am a ukrainian-american. this is the woman i am here for. [applause] internationally acclaimed pop singer does not begin to describe her. she is a patriot. she cares passionately about her country, its democracy, its

independence and freedom. in 2004, when ukraine was threatened with a sham election, she used her celebrity during the orange revolution. she joins millions of her fellow citizens in independence square to stand with them and rally them on behalf of a democratic ukraine. she has served in parliament and she has fought for the reform of ukraine's criminal justice system. she has championed human rights. she has led the fight against human trafficking. a terrible scourge that extracted a toll on women and girls in ukraine, as it does in so many countries. they are enticed with the prospect of good jobs and instead they are thrust into the nightmare of modern day slavery.

they disappear, never to be heard from again. she produced video clips to alert women and girls to the danger posed by the traffickers. she worked with the united nations on a campaign of which her song "not for sale" became an anti-trafficking rallying cry. [applause] last year, when ukraine was threatened by pro-kremlin forces, she became the protest leader on the maidan. she rallied her fellow citizens night after night for hours on

end in the freezing cold. she kept up her spirits as they stood or ukraine's integration of europe. they stood for justice, for dignity, for freedom. what you saw in the video is true. as the situation became grave, and the crackdown began, and with it, violence, that still lives, it was her voice on the loud speaker. in the midst of the chaos and the horror, she was singing the ukrainian national anthem. she was emboldening her countrymen and women. she received death threats. she was told she would be killed if she did not leave the road -- protest. she kept singing. she kept believing in a that are future for our country.

she has been compared to joan of arc. she has been compared to katniss from the hunger games. she is a true heroine of ukraine. last month, the first lady presented her with the international woman of courage award. it was for her steadfast commitment to nonviolent resistance and national unity. in the fight against corruption, and human rights abuses. and now, you will learn even more about this courageous woman whom i am proud to call her my dear friend. [applause]

>> thank you. thank you so much. i think that in that role, she has done the most extraordinary things. it is one of the great undocumented things. [applause] welcome, ruslana. >> allow me to explain more about this. it is a symbol of freedom. when we were on the maidan, you have to understand how it would be. all night, people were on the maidan with these lights. it means that we are powerful. we are free. [applause]

if you won't support ukraine, switch on this light. everybody has that. it means that we support freedom. >> i see some lights going on here. cell phone lights in the audience. we have a small maidan here. thank you very much. [applause] >> i love it. i will treasure it. thank you so much. you have just come from ukraine. you are on the ground for the last four months. you are an iconic face of the revolution. give us just a sense of the

feeling of what it has been like and what it is like now from the inside. >> first of all, allow me to explain more about the situation right now. ukraine is -- the war is about ukraine choosing democracy. they do not want the power of crimean. nd also we have the eastern thing.f ukraine the same

you go back ton, back. thank you for this possibility and explain more about it. amazing place, center of kiev. slow place. a lot of people. people was killed by snipeers

everybody knows what's happening there. for this strong enough time, even now. people will change that we'll change our country and we will change ukraine. have it right now. i'm hap i'm really focused on the new election. will be ure that putin the new president. understand too next month most dangerous time ukraine. very day every night about 5,000 people kill 100 people

night. >> every night? 100 nights. it was cold. it was cold of course and it was dangerous. i remember one story -- sinninge point you were the national anthem under the guns of special forces. afraid at that time? >> i have a story. h. [laughter] > okay. >> i was on the stage with the and trying to support good song and good and i remember my friend me she said leave said.

i said why. looking for you. we checked the building around for nipeers are looking you. jacket and e a safe rs are looking for you. i said i have a safe jacket and off.e afraid.r the second story was on the stage also. bad ember the last really ight we had before people was killed. 20 of february. smash together at he same time and i was so ervous and i asked to this military guy, shut up. give me time to say something.

so i have a lot of stories like that. [laughter] applause] have in the united states, we been naive about putin? do we just not understand him? we seem to get it wrong time. him every what do you think? what is your idea of the of putin because you know him. you don't know him personally with u have been living this right next door. > i'm sorry, but you never understand putin. you know why? how bad ou don't know the empire. soviet union.

human lives nothing. empire means everything. here is a lot of fears and a lot of bad things. so you never will understand putin, so. is nderstand how he dangero dangerous. > you were active in the revolution. hat has driven you to your activism. everythi what is going to be different this time? you've been that in ukraine. that is is revolution helped to generate why is it going to be different this time? we never lost mydam.

t's a human movement for freedom. hat is why we never lost it again. i think about putin and election or n changing our country. putin.against we unite our country, western part, eastern part of ukraine, this south together for putin war. putin worries about people power. i have bad news for him. him right now -- for putin, i have bad news

you. russiansee one day when eople will switch on russian lights of freedom. mydam will win. [applause] >> do you think that putin was of a show so much out of strength but as an act of he saw what happened there and this could and i could be chased out of my country. battle between big

money. stop power, nobody can him. .e has propaganda but for all of us between money truth, between war and ukraine choose peace, no weapons. no war. >> what do you want us to do? theatre would is like to ask, what should the united states be doing? we're not going and to war over russia ukraine. what should we be doing in the states? us.lease be with

for our or your help independent which goes from the agreements, help from u.s.a. and u.k. and not russia changed because putin the rules. it's a bad example for the young generation. maybe some young boy will see enough. strong i want to be the same as putin. that is why we need to stop putin. i think u.s.a. has power for that. it's best ford how everybody. the freedom. rt >> everybody now who has a light i say we put them on now to want t the ukraine and i to thank you so much that you us.e to join

thank you. applause] thank you. now for our epic double-header. two women who just define it. ristin is the superwoman as manager director and minister of economic affairs and minister khurl and fishing and minister of trade and first become finance minister actually he ims and he first head of the ims to

behave in a hotel. should she ever wanted she has everything one might president of france except perhaps a motorcycle helmet. secretary of state hilla helmet. clinton needs to she's been hit with everything has ever broken stride and her own share of first. she was first lady of the united states, first lady of most impressively first student speaker at wells wellesley. and she's first in the heart of the next to be united states.e

more knthe only person ualified for hillary clinton was abraham lincoln and the tea party wouldn't have it. let's show our appreciation for our guests. hello. i've got my girls in my head,

don't blow it, dad. and i treat to be here have beengin -- there remarkable testimony about all these women from these different to pick up t i want

about what was said about ukraine. to negotiate with vladimir putin who does not most people as the friendly guy. hat did you learn from that experience? what should we know about him as doing inand how are we managing this crisis? madame secretary would you begin? to see you s great and i'm thrilled to be back here conference.erful thank tina and everybody who put it together and i'm especially pleased to be here who has just shown such great leadership. ukraine being one example. are so many more through the international monetary fund. we could be here until breakfast talking about what's going on in particular what's going on with vladimir try to be brief

and make a few points. ladimir putin in my view is motivated by the past. it and to recreate what he t and restore views as the proper place of russia in the world order. motivated by his looking back on history going back to the czars. he has publicly said that the wasapse of the soviet union a great catastrophe. politics is an a zero sum game which means do well with all the great resources and assets starting with its people if others are doing well and herefore he wants to do what can to elevate the russian particularly in its neighborhood among those ountries that used to be part

of the soviet union and/or part warsaw pact. ist he seems now to be doing looking for ways to score points his political up nationalism and the appeal to greater russia to demonstrationsnd that were beginning to raise questions about his legitimacy direction he was taking his country and one of the ways of diverting attention is cause a raucous somewhere else. wants to stop the further ofopeansation of those parts europe particularly south and try to he wants to create a competitor to the union which he calls

eur-asian unit. and there is a personal feeling given away.was reset to set up about to the boundaries. that over the e long run it's a losing strategy. i think that the united states and our european to be both strong and patient. help to restore the baltic nations, other eastern european nations intimidation rom and that is largely a question n energy supplies and sub phergs of democracies starting from moscow. is a time for the west led by the united states and international organizations by i.m.f. to be very clear that

crimea was of .llegal, illegitimate the united nations condemned putting need to be together technical assistance so they can emerge stronger and and play the game ourselves and part of our we're a raucous democracy and we're trying to get our budgetary houses in order and try to set our own people. or our own but we, like previous enerations of leaders and citizens, have to say to ourselves it's important that we somebody like vladimir putin and do it in a smart way twice aboutim think what he's doing to achieve.

you.hank it's interesting maybe the two that putinant people as to wrestle right now on the international stage are women yourself abring us up to is your negotiations with ukraine because you're central to providing the support they need to sustain them through this crisis. >> thank you very much. delighted to be with the two of you and with you, hillary, very much so. on ukraine we have been on the as soon as the authorities have called us. we started with fact-finding needed to know what was in the books, how much eserves there was in the central bank -- >> how bad was it?

bad.t was what's more complicated with ukraine you have all the normal that you can the of, ut then there are other parallels entity which are operating legitimacy but have funny second set of books. so we did that. and we immediately converted as soon as it was possible and when the authorities asked us into a negotiations mode. that proud of the team because there nd was a group of men and woman stationed in kiev and working hours a day day after day after day after day. negotiations the and we'll be submitting to the oard of the i.m.f. which includes all member states undering russia a program which we will lend to ukraine nywhere between 14-$18 billion

probably and more importantly and se money is one thing there is a need for money not others i.m.f. but many as well. we will expect the ukrainian ukrainian people destiny into their hands and deal with it in a transparent, honest, governed by rule of law manner so they can go in the direction that the have indicated was was their future. be lots ofthere will things. i won't bore you with the budget that needs to be voted with the of energy e price that will have to come pwrbg the exchange rate where the to be.y has all those things have to happen over time. needs s to happen and it to be implemented, checked, controlled in the name of the

people. follow-up. are we the united states doing i.m.f. e to support the in this mission? truth the i.m.f. is under three businesses. to countries in difficulty and we've done that ver the last 70 years around the world starting in ukraine after the second world war and and back ica and asia to ukraine and all central and when n europe at the time we iron curtain failed and do that.

it was agreed to actually support actively by the 2010. states back in now unfortunately the congress opportunity tohe ratify this reform. and because the united states in the gal right institution because it ea leading member. founding partner. this pipe that works big hose that i need. > hillary clinton you went to

beijing and participated in the first u.n. women's summit there. of the things you said there we separateain will women's rights from human rights, how we doing? us your report card. we came you know, tom, out of beijing with a platform was agreed to by 189 countries that sent fficial delegations and that platform for action called for the full participation of women economies and phreut systems with access to healthcare and education to be equal unctioning citizens. i think we have certainly made progress. absolutely no doubt about that. 'm working through the clinton

called no on a ceilings. 19 years ago we didn't really magine the digital technological world in which we find ourselves today. so we're looking at a glass half it not half empty the way was 19 years ago and this are different challenges depending different levels of evelopment and different cultural religious social attitudes and practices. it's important particularly for a fabulous this one is to be taking the international stock of what we have achieved and what more we need to do. still some horrific situations. girls who are

born who are not even registered birth. so there is a 3 million gap. girls are still the last to be healthcare, nied still forced to labor and unable to go beyond primary education and married at very young ages that means.t so we know that we have those discriminatory laws, regulations, practices that we still have to tackle. then there are the more ones that acles, the talkedne and i have been

about and she's been highlighting through the i.phplt t. or world bank or u.n. in both the public and private sector. it's important that we really look at this broadly and we have made progress. let's be proud of that but we can't rest. a long way to go. seeing your investigation in education for women and girls are you seeing multiplier that you expected in these economies? present for you which is called "women, work and economy." you'll have all the numbers

here. back to the numbers because it's really important to actually then identify what policies need to be fixed access, open up he economies and remove the barriers and not just the ultural barriers but the tax b barriers. many countries input is women can output.o generate more if you bring more women to the market, you create volume and growth is improved. there are countries where it's a no-brainer. china, japan, soon to be certainly germany, italy. why? ecause they have an aging

population. and in countries like japan or orea, immigration is complicated. so, what's the deal? the market for women. and there are very explicit that show the e evel of gdp can be significantly improved by letting women access the job arket and we are very pleased that having done those studies and >> the prime minister of japan has decided to put in his budget -- for childcare centers. [applause] in addition to measuring, you need to set targets. targets are very important. the prime minister says there will be 70% of the women

who will access the workforce, when you have the prime minister of korea saying the same thing, there are measurable results to be had as a result of that. if you eliminate the discrimination, that has him crew of the situation of dutch women accessing the job market. to actually subordinate the indemnitees,ertain allocations, and other welfare benefits, to the fact that women can go to work and show up for -- they have to admit that it works because there is money at stake. look atat numbers, we the upsides, we look at the barriers and obstacles.

countries, tax is assessed on a family unit. guess what? the marginal rate of taxation on the much more heavily secondary wage. guess what? because women are generally paid less than men, they are the secondary wage, right? they are taxed much more heavily because of the system that is in place. insteadhange that and of a family unit you have taxation on the individual, then that discrimination, that disincentive, goes away. we are finally starting that in details and with empirical data. [applause] >> if i could just add, for many , the argument for women's

equality, for women's rights was first and foremost a moral argument, right? it was a political argument. as ank where it is now economic argument is, in many respects, the maturing of the case. ways also a very important of enlisting greater support. you are well known for your writing about the world is flat. it can really be flat if you have half the population either discouraged from more discriminated against when it comes economic act vivendi. you will not be as live as you would be otherwise. >> it is not just being smart it is strategic. >> it is very strategic. where women are more equal you yourless instability,

conflict, greater democracy and accountable government very at ease go hand-in-hand. --. these go hand in hand. recently beguny looking at these statistics. three principal missions. governments listen to imf. when they make the case that increasing women's access to handful participation in the economy will raise your gross the percentages are not as great year. even in the united states, what ande learning, with lean in sheryl sandberg, the way women are treated is often much more