countries on what to do with child restraints and at least going to be a part of that effort going forward. the international airline transport association, representing the carriers, they are having their very first cap and safety working group meeting , having a conference in madrid and will advocate a whole day to child passenger safety. mymight not get done during tenure, but i will be watching >> cheering you on will stop we are almost out of time. of the four asking the next question, we have another couple of housekeeping matters to take care of. our upcoming events and speakers, april 23, the chief of staff, general mark welsch will discuss the future of the air force. donald trump, chairman and president of the

trump organization, and may 28, ben cobb -- ben carson, neurosurgeon and author. next, i would like to present our guest with the traditional national press club mug. than a minutemore left, i would like to ask you our final question -- the national safety council has not always maintained a high row file like aviation safety. do you expect to bring a rotter focused to the group question are >> i hope and expect the national safety castle will have -- safety council will have a higher profile in the coming years and thanks to you all in the us core, maybe if you cover these important issues, they will. >> how about a round of applause? [applause]

>> thank you for coming today. i would also like to thank the national press club staff, the journalism institute and broadcast center for organizing today's event will stop we are adjourned. >> i remember on saturday, the first conversation i had with a group of people at the table, it was not about where you are from, what is your school like, but it was about ukraine. it was about politics, our belief in education and religion and how after that moment, i was like wow, this week is going to be intense. it's been cool to see all of our

friendships and all of our bonds , talking about our experience and what we have learned, who we have met and this is an experience i will never ever forget. goi thought i could never that far. it's such a caustic environment. different people i've met, i've kind of chipped away at that. but it's been so ingrained in my head i've not maybe i want to make a difference and go out for something local and they local in my communities. like president obama said don't get he told us cynical because the nation doesn't need any more cynical people. it's not going to help us relive the problems -- relieve the problems that we have. >> our social media, we are able to express our opinions very easily. think that we like to start

the conversation and we like to talk a lot. i think we just like to get our opinions out there. fax this whole week has been about learning. where from a small town it is very clinically homogenic. there's not much chance for people who don't think the same to get their opinions out without being ridiculed. being here with the other delegates has given me a chance to get my ideas out without the fear of being shunned for thinking differently. lex high school students from across the country discuss their participation in the u.s. senate youth program. a weeklong government and leadership program held annually in washington, tonight at 8:00 on c-span's "q and a." "washingtonxt journal was quote a roundtable in the week ahead in congress with reuters correspondent jeff mason and frank buckley, the

author of the "once and future king -- the rise and fall of crown government" discusses the growth of executive howard the american government. as always, we will take your calls and you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. >> next, a discussion about al qaeda and the -- al qaeda in the arabian peninsula and efforts by the u.s. and its allies to eliminate the threat will stop this is 40 minutes. 2. >> "washington journal" continues. is philip mudd, who served as the fbi deputy director on national security and the cia deputy director on counterterrorism. thanks very much for being with us. guest: good morning from on having -- from manhattan. host: airstrikes in yemen

killing 40 al qaeda militants in two days. what is happening. -- happening? guest: i think you are seeing a fundamental transition in the war on terror. responsibilities were point targets. individual operational leaders of al qaeda in the western parts of pakistan. what is happened is a transition from the small group to this broader movement of the al qaeda .deology what we're seeing with the strikes in yemen is strikes against this larger revolutionary movement that grew out of the small al qaeda group that we were focusing on 13 -- 14 years ago. strikese these drone effective? what is your response? we have to ask ourselves what is the long-term strategy

as we transfer from the core al qaeda group am of the architects of 9/11, to the broader groups that may threaten new york or areington or chicago, but actually in certain groups that are a bigger threat to local governments. when i was in this game in 2002 2004, whether you like it or not, these strikes were extremely effective in eliminating key operational leaders of al qaeda. as we've killed more leaders, how is it worth staying in the game of killing a broader who may notf people be an imminent threat to the united states? host: this shows you the area that has been a target of u.s. drone attacks. i want to ask for a response to comments of michael mccaul with regard to aqap.

he said "this is probably the greatest external threat to the homeland itself." would you agree or disagree? it is among the threats from the al qaeda affiliates or like-minded groups we have seen emerge in the last 10 years to 12 years. we've seen them in places like some only a. early on, my biggest concern after 9/11 was indonesia. a lot of people died in bali and jakarta. i think the serious threat today is syria. if you're looking for magnets that attract potential jihadists , let me tell you one thing, look -- look at what the british security services are saying about the number of kids they are having go to syria fight and then return home. those kids aren't going to yemen. those kids are going to syria because it is the place to go if you are a jihadist in europe or the united states today. i don't discount the problem

from yemen, but i would not put it number one. host: there was a piece in "having to and post -- in "huffington post." explain what is going on. how are the events in syria directly affecting what is happening in the war on terror? gues this has happened often in the decades that we faced him of the extremist version of jihad -- that we faced the extremist version of jihad. there are local extremist trying to take out assad -- extremists trying to take out assad. these clashes are great for us. you have jihadist on jihadist, competing ideologies. they are ruthless about killing each other. there is a big disadvantage i worry about in the longer term. when you are facing the kind of

extremism we have struggled with the past 10 or 20 years, you have to worry about two key characteristics, number one, .isionary leadership you need to focus not only on bashar al-assad, but new york or london or paris. you need visionary leadership among jihadist groups. leaders need enough time and space away from government security forces in syria so they can think about plots against new york or washington. i think those things are potentially happening in syria. the emergence of a visionary leadership, of a safe haven. ast will have an echo effect people have the space to train kids to go back to yemen or paris or london or new york. host: daniel wagner is the author of the book. there is a piece online at huffingtonpost.com. he says --

"the geopolitical ramifications of the conflict and its direct impact on yemen have compelled many yemenis to abandon neutrality on the subject. indeed, the syrian crisis has served to highlight yemen's deep ongoing political and religious divisions." guest: i think there is some truth to that. we forget about this in the united states. we have an inability to understand the world as it appears from the eyes of our allies and adversaries. when you are looking at pakistan, we hammer the pakistanis too often. we forget they were engaged in a civil war as -- three times as bloody as our civil war. you many's are going to a new jihad in places like syria -- are going -- yemenis

to a new jihad in places like syria. we have to realize that we are on the side of a government that has got to go after its own people with tactics that, when you look at the world through the eyes of a jihadist, those tactics are brutal and deadly against the yemeni people. this war is going on a long time. the syrian conflict will plan -- fan the war in yemen. we will be on the side of the yemeni government as it fights his own people. host: this video got a lot of attention this past week. many wondering what this is all about. what is your explanation? going a couple of things on. if you are a visionary leader of yemen, onegrouping of the things you want to do is to tell the local extremists, look, we've been under a lot of pressure from the government, but we are here to stay. the americans are after us, but we are not going to back down.

this is a video about ideology and recruitment for local yemenis who might see the government security operations against the extremists and say, hey, the extremists are under a lot of pressure. we are in it for the long haul. we will prevail. the second thing that is significant, by visionary leadership, what i mentioned earlier, these are leaders who persuade some idiot in a trench that his vision of going after a local police station or government official is too small . the vision has to extend to the west. the vision has to extend from the perspective of the visionary leader to sitters in america -- to cities in america. you saw the reference to the cross. that is a way to raise the horizons of local extremists and say we have a bigger fight. that is going after the west, represented again by the cross. host: how is the west doing?

guest: i think we are doing ok, better than i might have anticipated 14 years ago. the west, including washington, d.c., the western perspective on time is short. it differs from the perspectives on time of the extremists that i dealt with. and i was at cia handling -- talking to the people who handle our detainees in the now renowned cia black sites, when those in charters -- when those interrogators came back to washington, they said they saw perseverance, belief, and brains . what we are seeing in places like yemen and syria is that they believe what they are doing not only represents right, but religion. if you are trying to take out a religious cancer that is represented by people who believe that killing innocents is acceptable, you better be in it for the long haul. these guys think in terms of decades or centuries. they think in terms of their

grandchildren and great-grandchildren. if we loose sight of the ball, or even if we've made great gains, -- host: here is a portion from monday's news briefing. [video clip] >> let me answer that in a couple of ways. i can't speak to specific operations, as you know, but we have a strong collaborative relationship with the yemeni government and work together on a very -- on various initiatives to counter the threat we face from aqap. we support the yemeni government's efforts to tackle terrorism within their own .orders beyond that, i would refer you to the yemeni government. without speaking about specific operations, i can tell you that in may, 2013, president obama spoke at length for the policy and rationale of how the united states takes direct action against al qaeda and its portions outside of

areas of active hostilities, including with drone strikes. as the president made clear, we take it for neri effort to make -- we take extraordinary effort to make sure our counterterrorism actions are in accordance with international law and with -- host: we are joined by philip mudd. let me go back to jay carney's, and. why yemen -- jay carney's comment. why yemen? guest: there are very few places where you see the constellation of events and circumstances that we get in yemen. the first is the history of the yemeni extremist trying to target the west. you remember the attempt over detroit a few years ago, the attempt with the toner cartridges trying to take down cartridge aircraft -- cargo aircraft. you have an inability of the government, the yemeni

government, despite what they're trying to do today, and they have been aggressive to project power. you have safe haven for extremists, a lot of support for extremism within the country. the al qaeda movement is quite large in yemen. and you have leadership that has the vision to say we not only want to topple the you many government. our vision ashley yemeni government -- toppled again many government -- topple the you yemeni government. about oneme ask you suspect that might have been killed, who was believed to be responsible for the bombing you just alluded to, the specter -- the suspected underwear bombing. was he one of the targets? was he killed? guest: i suspect he was one of the targets. i don't know whether he was killed.

it takes a while to confirm these kinds of issues. the first way you're going to confirm it is dna. in a site like that, it is hard to confirm dna. a kinetic strike will destroy dna. you will hear jihad he -- .ihadist chatter it is hard to decipher that chatter over time to figure out what is fact and fiction. if we are depending on intelligence channels where they speak about who died and who didn't, some of them won't know. it might take weeks or longer. i suspect he was a target, but i'm not sure we will know very soon. host: a graduate of villanova and university of -- he served as a cia deputy director of counterterrorism. he is currently the director of global risk at southern sun asset management in tennessee.

before we get to calls and comments, i want to ask about two other statements -- guest: i can't believe you're asking me this. the mudd family is quite large in the united states, despite the fact that you only often hear people say my name is mud. i come from the largest land should -- largest branch of the family. i'm a direct descendent of dr. samuel mudd. he was convicted of conspiracy in the lincoln assassination because he set the leg of john wilkes booth. one funny story. when i was going through the security clearance process for the cia, i had to go through a polygraph. as a dumb 24-year-old, i walked into the room thinking i would try to joke with the polygrapher.

i told her this ought to be an amusing polygraph because i come from a family of convicted felons. let me tell you something. a sensehers do not have of humor. i spent the next 20 minutes digging myself out of that hole. host: we will turn back to the more immediate issues. -- k's for that background for that background. caller: good morning. as far as al qaeda in the arabian peninsula, i'm not as aware of the yemen could -- pos ition. syria, iterence to seems to me from what i've seen and read that it is by far the most covert war ever documented from both sides of the battles. it seems that the free syrian army has taken a leg up and is really pushing out the al qaeda

extremists in trying to root out some of these problems. guest: i think the free syrian army has had a hard time with jihadists and extremist. i think they have a pretty strong foothold in syria. the problem in the old world is really simple. that the free syrian army has succeeded in pushing out jihadists, but if they had had some success, in the world i lived in, if you have five successful recruitments of kids from places or spainon or france or italy or the united states, five, the chance that one of those kids gets through and explodes a device in someplace like times square -- that is a chance you cannot take. the problem i saw at the table. i sat at the threat table for 10 years.

we met every day at the cia and the fbi. if one of those kids get through, you fail. you can have some success against the extremists in syria. extremists are doing quite well. even if you do succeed, you live in a world, or i did, where that small sliver of extremists who remain can have a devastating effect on a major american city. that's why the counterterrorism business is so hard. every kid you miscounts. -- every kid you miss counts. host: good morning. caller: i appreciate everything that mr. mudd is saying. i can't help but have an overwhelming feeling that you guys are missing the boat on a way to neutralize the anger out there. i think it is not right to continue the war on terror with excessive militarism.

i think that you guys are not using the assets of the environmental movement to life in the quality of other countries. people are angry for multiple reasons. i understand some of it. my background is macedonian. we had violence in our family's life in europe. my family moved here. i understand the emotion of having family members killed and the grudge that can continue on through generations, but i think that grudge and that anger goes down as the generations continue to grow and become adults and have their own children. but there are major problems in the world and one of them is environmental issues that every person can relate to no matter what country they are in are how old they are.

host: thanks very much to the call -- for the call. let me turn back to the issue of aqap. "many yemenis and pakistanis argue drone strikes are helping terrorist recruitment." guest: i don't agree. how do we transition from the hot war that had troops deployed and killing dozens of people to figure out how we are going to prosecute the war when we face imminent threat, but also how we draw back in a way that is less aggressive? i don't oppose drone strikes. in a transitional phase of u.s. foreign policy where we are going to start to see less of the strikes because the u.s. will be out of places like afghanistan. let me be clear. the choices that i saw were not as subtle as the choices that i

hear from americans when i go out and speak and take callers on shows like yours. and you are dealing with someone that you can see on the ground -- when you are dealing with someone that you can see on the ground that is pursuing the training of a cell to kill innocents in a city in the united states, you have a binary choice that doesn't typically involve capturing that person. you don't have the capacity to put someone in the tribal area of pakistan without a great potential that you are going to lose your guys. the choice is do i try to disrupt the plot by killing the plotters and potentially killing bystanders or do i let the plot proceed. if you don't want to make that choice, get out of the game. it is not easy. i see the implications for how we create anti-u.s. sentiment over time. but the choice is go or no go. that is it. host: this is going back to the "economist piece."

-- the "economist" piece. it says the u.s. has launched 11 drone strikes since the start of the year. many question whether they are actually helping to eliminate aqap. how do you respond to that? guest: i think there is no question they are eliminating aqap. the question we should be asking is have we eliminated a substantial enough portion of the organization so that the threat to u.s. cities has receded. zones,ull out of hot especially in afghanistan, i think the number of drone strikes will decline. i think we are winning the war against al qaeda. i think we've been more successful than we've ever anticipated -- then we had anticipated -- i think we have been more successful than we would ever

have anticipated on september 12, 2001. i hear people say that these strikes are counterproductive, these strikes have destroyed the u.s. image overseas. i think that is a debate we ought to be having. but we are having that debate because we've succeeded in the war on terror partly because we've effectively targeted and killed i keep -- killed al qaeda leaders. it is bloody. it is war. it has been effective. guest is philip mudd, who served as former deputy director of the cia and fbi. there was this tweet, "what percentage of weapons in the hands of aqap come from the u.s.?" know the answer to that. i suspect quite a few. the different -- the distribution of weapons among

the you many -- the yemeni populace is among the highest in the world. i don't think it is a critical problem in the war on terror. i know that is a remarkable statement. the new look at the characteristics of the threat i witnessed -- when you look at the characteristics of the threat i witnessed, in the fbi we met with director mueller in the morning. you go through thousands of threats. that is money, recruits, false facilitation, how you get people inside and outside countries, weapons and explosives. should be fighting to prevent the proliferation of some of those issues. there are two things that count. does an organization have a stable enough leadership that it is a terror organization where that leadership can plan over the course of months and years sophisticated operations against the west? you cannot plan those operations with chump change leadership.

number two, do those leaders have the time and space to plot? are they running away from drone missiles or from yemeni security forces? many of these operations are effective because it creates enough destabilization in yemen so that leaders can sit around the campfire with some sense of ease and thought something against london or new york. host: andrew from chicago. with philip mudd joining us from new york city. caller: thank you for taking my call. i would just like to say that many games are taking to and thesedual -- to ideologies. they recruit the youth and destroy their morality and ethics. the boston bombing could be an example. i was just wondering how there can be a successful fight against homeland threats without locking people up -- without

only locking people up and releasing them with more anger question mark just -- anger? guest: i don't think islam is a major motivator in gangs in america. i've seen a transition in the al qaeda war from people who believe they are representing islam to kids in the united states and europe who present themselves, whether they are in a gang war in an islamist extremist group, who present themselves as believers in the al qaeda ideology. most of them did not know what they were talking about. the original guys did. the kids today don't. gangs are threat to our cities. i think new york is much safer than it was 20 years ago, but i still fear for safety in new york and nighttime. if you look at statistics of how major police departments in the united states have effectively stunted violent crime in america , the statistics tell you a remarkable story. violent crime, despite the rise of regional and national gangs in america, violent crime is in

a steep decline. murders, homicides, other violent crimes, steep decline. we can worry about that and the potential spread of islamic ideology to gangs in america, but we ought to be looking at the numbers, which tell us we are doing ok. host: you worked at various capacities in the cia before and after 9/11. there were complaints that there were silos put in place between the intelligence community, not sharing information that many suspect led to the events of 9/11. how are we doing today? how is the department of homeland security gathering that information? how would you assess the current state of events? guest: my view is a significant afterence before and 9/11. we made a lot of mistakes. when you are sitting in the chair and you have a hot piece of information that is highly sensitive about a threat to a u.s. city, pre-9/11, you might have worried more about

protecting that information. whether you want to or not, post-9/11, no one is going to sit on that information. sat on that information because it was too sensitive, you will get your ass handed to you. i think we instantly recognized there is no value in sitting on sensitive information, even if it might be compromised. americans i think have to understand something about security in the united states. we live according to the lanced -- to the constitution in the land of the free and the home of the brave. we do not land -- live in the land of the secure. people worry about the surveillance, worry about what edward snowden said. when i watch how we conducted investigations at the fbi, we conduct investigations in a free society. every american has rights to when you live in a free society, people occasionally, like the tsarnaev brothers in boston, are

going to succeed. we are never going to prevent that, regardless of how much money we throw at homeland security, regardless of how much information we share. frankly, i wish politicians would stand up a few more times and say if we still want to live in the land of the free, we've got to make a sacrifice. that occasionally people are going to die because we are not going to follow everybody. host: is it working the way it was intended? guest: i don't think so. i think people had the opportunity to turn back the clock -- and this is an open secret in washington, d.c. i was slotted to go over to dhs at one point. back and saye look it is too much under one roof. you cannot do everything, from things like cyber security in chicago, illinois, to coast inrd and interdicting drugs mexico. it is a span of control that doesn't make sense.

i don't think, looking retrospectively, people would have created this entity. once you create an entity in washington, d.c., it takes on a life of its own. i don't think anyone has a will to say we made a mistake. we have to figure out which pieces should be separated and which pieces ought to be under the same roof. i don't think it works that way. i think the vision was flawed from the start. i think a lot of people in washington know it. host: was in that one of the ? you hadpre-9/11 nobody sharing information. one of the benefits, some would say, is you have this now in one department with one secretary. guest: i suppose that is a benefit in theory. let me give you something based on experience in line management at the cia and fbi. if you cannot as a manager articulate your vision for an organization in one or two death sentences, you're going to have a problem with your workforce --

in one or two sentences, you're going to have a problem with your workforce. when you look at the cyber does, theions dhs partnership they have with industry, with the mexicans, the cartels, the police chief's -- if you want to tell me we can sit here and articulate a clear vision to the workforce and the american people in one or two sentences so that you can translate that vision into a clear, strategic plan, i don't believe it. show me the money. i don't see it. you cannot articulate the vision that clearly for that and the as it exists today because it is too much under one roof. it works in theory. when you have to manage that beast, i think it is a beast you cannot ride. it is too tough. it is about king bronco -- it is a bucking bronco. alabama good morning. thank you for taking my call. : good morning.

thank you for taking my call. our family will never forget the bush administration costs initial -- the bush administration's initial refusal to investigate 9/11. family members are extremely disappointed and disgusted with the 9/11 commission's report and now support the re-think 9/11 campaign. my question is how can government denials be regarded as credible, especially when 2000 professional architects and engineers have demonstrated that building seven in the twin towers met little to no resistance as they fell and the twin towers pulverized into dust . host: your thoughts?

--st: is this is is destined is this a suggestion that there was some kind of conspiracy that we are not aware of? i respect the family members of the victims. how much thisze would live with me forever. i've talked to my friends about this. i have signed papers that send people to cia prisons. i'm not saying i could experience what the families experienced, but i lived this war. this is absurd. 19 hijackers killed nearly 3000 game to saymindless that the killing of innocents in america is the appropriate way to represent an ideology. relentlessly 9/11, pursued this adversary. we captured him and we killed him. thatu want to go back to incident and suggest to me there is some magical conspiracy in

the u.s. government, that we magically were able to conceal what every other thing i saw that was secret, has come out on the front pages of the new york times and the washington post, i say i respect the families. but these conspiracy theories are nonsense. furthermore, i never saw ,omething in terms of secrets high-end secrets that i dealt with that was not revealed to the american people, either because we revealed it or some leaker did. philip mudd in new york city. : i would like to talk a third way. you said it was go or no go. it seemed like the cia knows everything about everybody. you knew that tsarnaev brothers were in chechnya. securitynational agencies know who is going to these countries. why can't we stop them from coming back?

guest: let me give you a contrast. periodically, americans -- think of it as an iceberg. see the tip of the iceberg as a plot. we've seen plots in texas succeed. the tragedy of major net office nidal hasan. you take the plot and build it out and say it looks like the elements are so evident that all these super security agencies, cia, and ei, nsa, why can't you fbi, nsa, whya, can't you see that? we were dealing with a triage of plots. all of them have pieces of puzzles that are unclear. none of those puzzles make sense. you are taking a triage, a flood on 10, 50, 100 plots at

once. you're stopping 99.5% of those plots based on data that don't match up. periodically, one of those plots gets to the tip of the iceberg and that is what the american people see and say, hey, if that is all that is going on, how did you miss it? i lived in a world of massive information. he never provided more than a fringe of a puzzle. how have we remarkably prevented so many plots despite the that has succeeded when we've faced 14 years of war? i think the success is the plots we prevented over those years. plots forded those by the drone technology of the u.s. government and military. thwarted by the drone technology of the u.s. government and military. i understand 9/11 was

perpetrated by a bunch of guys with hot -- with box cutters who were able to get into the cockpit because there was no secure door and able to get onto the planes because the government dropped the ball in terms of tracking them. as i understand it, a significant amount of these guys' training was in the united states, not in afghanistan, taking flying lessons, communicating with each other. this could have easily been prevented by taking some commonsense measures in terms of airline security and people talking to each other. host: philip mudd, your response? guest: you could have had an attack on a port or a train. we did have an attack on a plane. you could have a car bomb in new york city or topeka. we are taking this isolated incident and saying the pieces were there laid out. why didn't you prevent it? the problem is bigger than a simple resolution that says you guys dropped the ball.

i've heard this a thousand times. the problem was bigger than these hindsight recollections make it. here was the problem. there was a war going on before 9/11. this war was conducted by a core of people at the center of al qaeda, headed by osama bin laden . if that war was -- that war was metastasizing around the world, indonesia, malaysia, somalia, north africa, and into american cities. if you want to galvanize the u.s. government to fight a war, sometimes, like it or not, it takes a catastrophic event to turn that ship. there was a war going on that we couldn't confront because of the global magnitude. i think the tragedy is that it took 9/11 for us to open our eyes and say it wasn't just planes or box cutters. it is a cancer that has spread around the world and it will take decades to eviscerate that cancer.

host: let's bring it back to aqap. who is currently in charge? guest: a guy who has been nominated or directed to be the deputy of al qaeda. he is an effective leader. it takes really visionary leadership to take a low-level terrorist organization and raise its horizon so it becomes a global threat. he has been in place for a while. there are badlands of the yemen -- of yemen that are indisputable -- that are indisputable -- that are inhospitable. you have that lethal combination of leadership and safe haven. that at the top of leaders have threatened america over the past several years. that said, this is a long war. americans don't have long-time perspectives. when i was fighting the war, i never saw a jihadist leader who didn't go down.

he is a good leader and a visionary, but based on what he's doing, he will also die. host: what worries you the most? what is your biggest concern with regard to this organization and its threat to the u.s. and europe? guest: what worries me is we don't face a strategic threat that we can target. al qaeda was a centralized target we could train our sights on in one geographic space. we don't face a group anymore. we face an ideology and a revolution. that revolution is in molly, syria, -- mali, algeria, yemen. i worry about if this ideology isn't stamped out, if it doesn't fall of its own accord, over the course of time, more people will die in american cities, and they won't die from al qaeda. they will die from people who believe in the ideology. veteran ofuest is a

the fbi, philip mudd, j [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> on the next "washington journalistsuter's and the author of "the rise and government," and, as always, we will take your calls, and you can join us on facebook and twitter. " at 7:00on journal a.m. on c-span. >> for more than a year, there have been allegations that i knew about the planning and the watergate taping and that i was involved in an extensive plot to judiciaryp. the house committee is now investigating these charges.

ordered all of the materials i had previously furnished to the special prosecutor turned over today. these include tape recordings of 19 presidential conversations and more than 700 documents of white house files. on the 11th, the judiciary committee issued a subpoena for 42 additional tapes of conversations, which it contended were necessary for its investigation. thateed to respond to subpoena. >> the 40 years ago on april 29, president nixon responded to a house judiciary committee sistine a -- subpoena. tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern, and american history tv on c-span3. >> i remember on saturday, the first conversation i had with a

group of people at that table, where are you from, what is your school like, then about ukraine. it was about our beliefs on education and religion, and after that, i was, this week is going to be intense. you can see the evolution of all of our friendships and bonds, talking about policy, talking about our experiences, what we have learned, who we have met, and this is an experience i will never forget. >> i have always been cynical. politics, such a caustic environment. people speakers and the i have met, it kind of chip away at that opinion. maybe i do want to make a difference and run for something community, because like president obama said geterday, people do not cynical because this nation does

not need any more cynical people. that is not going to help us with the problems that we have. >> one of the things about our generation is our social media. we are able to express our opinions very easily. we can send a tweet about what we think, and that starts a conversation, and we like to talk a lot, so there is social media, and we like to get our opinions out. >> i think this whole week has been about learning. i come from a small town that is politically homogenic thomas --,, and being ridiculed. being here with the other delicate has given me the opportunity to learn other viewpoints and to also get ideas out without a fear of being shunned for thinking differently. >> high school students from across the country discuss their participation in the u.s. summer youth program, a weeklong

leadership program held annually in washington, tonight at 8:00 on c-span's "q&a >> joining us from claremont california on "newsmakers" is the president and founder of nexgen simon. thank you for being with us. joining us with the questioning from politico and john sullivan from the washington post. let me begin with a broad issue of climate change and global warming. are we experiencing that today in the u.s. and around the world? >> we are. there is no doubt that the climate is changing and has been changing for a number of years. you can see it both in the measurements that they have been taken rigorously over the last number of decades and also in the increasing number of events that are taking place largely in the