and they had to post positive three times before they could get a colonoscopy. in 2010 to save cost. in out turkey new mexico we have people with gain green, brain heart disease. you have to get an appointment within 14 days. that is why these executives were hiding these lists of veterans in the backlog of employment. they did not want people to know they couldn't service it because they get bonuses. every executive received a satisfactory performance rating. everyone but one. that tells you something, that they were gaming the system so they could be rewarded. up to put their own careers in veterans lives. -- hose, when the show you the money here. the v.a. is getting $153 million . that is their current funding request for next year, 164

billion dollars. 36% is spent on medical programs. you can see this chart comes from the veterans affairs. is that enough money? telling me now that only 41% went medical care. this is a lopsided perspective. were wasted onrs to conferences in orlando. hr executiveave an testified to where the money they're creative throwing money down the drain on non-medical related issues. the should be going to service benefits such as funeral and education benefits. when your overhead is overwhelming your product, no organization works like that. no fortune 500 company works like that.

your overhead should be sucking and train in out -- not be sucking and training out your revenue. they had an increase of over 60% since 2009 creative it has doubled since 2001. they got everything they wanted from congress. this is not a money issue. it is a budget issue next to dod. host: a tweet -- guest: that is all they are supposed to be taking care of. there are 22.5 billion veterans in this country -- 22.5 million veterans in this country today. i use tri-care because i am a retiree and i follow under dod. of many veterans do not use the v.a.. bernie sanders try to block this bill to go forward. he had a bill he wanted every single veteran to be able to use the v.a. system.

in theory that sounds beautiful but many of those veterans are not -- do not have a disability related to their service. it would collapse the system. 22.5 million veterans in a system that can't even manage 6 million right now? it would be a debacle. it is another way of having the government manager -- do you really want to have these with lists? people can make fun of sarah palin. way i am starting to say this is that type of reaction him -- this type of reaction. what other work can you describe it with when people are getting bonuses for making their numbers look good to forgetting that when the v.a. has lost their desire to take care of lives and they are only concerned about numbers, they have lost their soul. >> senator sanders is our guest this week on our newsmakers program and he talked a bit

about this scandal. here it is. guests should the leader of the ,epartment, eric shinseki vietnam veteran, resign or be fired? >> no. is that the v.a. is a huge institution. it does a lot of very important work. i think everybody here has heard about the claims backlog. you people don't know is know how we did claims? we did claims by paper. havedividual veteran could filed this. our member talking to shinseki when he was first nominated and he said he was going to convert that system to an electronic system and at the end of five we will have those claims

down to 125 days. today they have cut the backlog to half the time. they're on their way to fulfilling that goal. false.absolutely he's giving inaccurate numbers. when shinseki went into office there were veterans in that that log. not 290at backlog it is 3300 to veterans in that backlog. bernie sanders is talking about a backlog that he created. veteranswas 630 3589 in march of 2013. he had over 600,000 veterans in that backlog. if you are going to give credit to a man for cutting a backlog he created, it is a false argument. 97% of those claims are being handled manually. themshinseki did not give

that did not get them a automated. they hired multiple contractors in getting these automated. 97% of those claims were handled manually. you need to get your data correct the kiss your giving pride to a man who stopped a backlog that he created? that is due to chris. host: denny is coming in from louisiana. hello. caller: yes, the thing about the i'll keep my story brief. ithink it's important that can did all because many veterans are facing the same thing. vietnam.d in i was a decorated combat action veteran. ptsd. back with up i went to work for my it destroyed my family, everything

else. when the gulf war started i began having anxiety attacks, panic attacks, and a heart attack. they tried to fix me, change my brain chemistry. . a federal judge said i was 100% disabled with ptsd. i settled with them the years later. i didn't do well. years later we started this next war in iraq and i begin again. host: where are you today? caller: after years of denial, denial for the most ridiculous reasons, making me jump through ago, and now three years

right after obama will god and i finally got a fair evaluation. host: thank you, sir. sympathize with his concern because many veterans told me the same thing. the average time to get a claim settled is 330 days just to get a claim settled. they have wait times to get their claims settled over 600 days in this nation. a year ago it was 345 days. what it normally should take is 30 days. it easily takes you over a year. vietnam veterans suffered the most because in 2009 -- they had to wait until 2000 nine to get ptsd recognized and agent or -- agent orange. secretary shinseki created a backlog because he was ill prepared to manage all of the claims and the flood of claims that came in. i find it appalling that senator

sanders would defend somebody who is created the very debacle that we are in right now. line.georgia, democrat call, i want to make a few brief comments. i am a v.a. employee and very proud. i worked extremely hard to service veterans. this is obviously very disheartening when you hear all this. the fact still need to be allowed to come out. it is an investigation at this point. i think folks need to calm down, let the facts come out, let the facts show what they may. is the fat -- if the facts are substantiated people should do with it accordingly. please do not vilify an entire system. there are some extremely hard-working people that are dedicated to serving veterans,

including myself. host: what kind of work do you do? i am working the patient advocacy role. that is a completely different elephant. we service veterans in every way possible. host: do you see a backlog? caller: the backlog is from the benefits side. i used to be a raider. i rated those cases that she is talking about. i rated them manually. my friends are still doing it. it is computerized now. there are a lot of variables that go into that. there are production requirements that are extremely stringent. days tell you i had many where i did not even use the restroom. you worked your case and you did not get up until those cases were in.

then he picked up cases to continue pushing not to get those in the next day. people are working extremely hard. these do not vilify the entire system. seen over the years changes in how the v.a. operates or can you see anything different from one administration to another? i'm not going to comment on administrations but there have been improvements. there continued to be improvements. it is like any system. no system is failproof. we work extremely hard. i would like to suggest you, get some folks to give the other side. no respect to the fine lady there who served our country greatly. but numbers are numbers, get some folks on the other side. i can assure you that a lot of them are very happy with the care we are giving.

caller: -- guest: i don't want anyone to misunderstand. we cannot keep coming back and talk about the people that are working so hard when we have so many people that have allowed a system of all that work to become a system that had a lot of back logs and collapse. it is starting to get automated but it did not until recently. i have seen the files in these buildings that became structurally unsound because they're so heavy with the weight. the buildings are collapsing under the weight of this. that is the problem within dod. that has caused a lot of problems. people should be upset. in 2011 33 veterans die per day. that is 20,000 veterans just waiting on their benefits.

the backlog in these appointments, when we are looking at albuquerque new when cheyenne wyoming sends out a memo that says game the system and hide network, not let the headquarters know that we have people waiting over 14 days for an appointment, this should outrage the employees. we should not have them come on here and say how great of a job we are doing. this is embarrassing that there are people that are not doing what they are supposed to do. that is what we are talking about, accountability. host: now with concerned veterans of america. colleen is coming in from fairfax virginia. hello. >> good morning. i ran for congress back in 2010. during my two years previous to the primary iran and the south carolina district six.

wasof my top three items veterans. i grew up during the vietnam era and i watched with a broken heart how we as a country and all the administrations prior to this one treated the veterans due to the vietnam war. i have watched that. one of my top three priorities was veterans. executives atmany walter reed and/or medical center in south carolina. there was atime nine-month backup. this was before shinseki announced the ptsd and agent orange. cousin both died of cancer related agent orange diseases 20 years ago. i have interviewed homeless veterans for years.

it is not this administration specifically. it has been years and years and years. it is so similar within the nrc and the veterans. you see the lower administrative and management working hard. youexecutives to hide who they height to make sure they hide things. host: i think we got your point. guest: she's hitting the nail on the head. i'm going to hold every administration accountable. this isn't a blame game. that haveecutives flagrantly hidden records and mismanaged the system. even employees working their tails off should not be

justifying what these executives have gotten away with. if you can't even take a bathroom break in your job, that tells me we are not running a system that is being streamlined and effective. notof those processors are giving accurate claims and we have over a quarter of a million veterans in the claims backlog and that takes over 1200 days to get address. we have a systemic problem within the veterans administration. it has only gotten worse when we open the doors for agent orange and ptsd. yes we have a lot of reasons this is all happening. thesegree when people say investigations should not get ace that should not get upset. i know veterans personally who cannot get in and get care for long time. i seen dr. squid. they can only get 10 minutes with a doctor. doctors have flat-out said i cannot do what i need to do to take care of you. we have got to fix this.

there are lots of fixes that need to happened. from palm call comes springs, california. caller: thank you for taking my call. i am a 65-year-old vietnam veteran and i retired from the veterans administration after 23 years of service. i was a middle manager in the hospitals. then understand all controversy going on because i have seen it before many times. i can only tell you that the bureaucracy up in the v.a., they are laughing at you. they're going to go for a supplemental and then they going to go in for an increase and appropriations for the next cycle. this thing is going to blow

over. the secretary may resign, you get somebody new in their, and it will go back to the same way it was for the last 50 years. i don't know what the fixes. i was a staff sergeant. whatever the case may be. i worked my caps off during my time with the v.a. to help veterans. i blame congress. host: we have a lot on the table there. he is probably the most reasonable veterans administration employee we've talked to. they will work your tail off but the bureaucracy is overwhelming. that is the reality. let's not get defensive over something that is broken.

that youome so loyal can't see where there is flaws in a critical system. we are talking veterans, people should be outraged. if you're not outraged it gets buried and forgotten. we are hearing about 19 states that have been exposed with various scandals throughout the nation. we had one executive get $80,000 of bonuses. dead veteranse due to mismanagement on his medical facility. getad another executive close to an $11,000 bonus at a dental facility. we had sharon hellman. she got almost a $10,000 bonus, a little over nine thousand dollars in phoenix just last year. she fraudulently reported records in seattle in 2009 for veteran suicide.

this should outrage v.a. employees. these executives can turn around and give bonuses when they have latently sent out memos that teach other employees how to game the system to hide always veterans from looking like they have been waiting longer than they have for appointments. to the v.a. back in december. eric shinseki said he knew nothing about it until march. eric shinseki, if i had known about these scandals for well over a year, how can you say i don't want to jump to any conclusions until the results of these investigations? didn't you start investigating back in ohio with legionnaires disease? let's go ahead and forgive and give people a pass? somebody has to be held accountable. host: victoria from illinois, you are on. call, no one has asserted in all of this discussion that anyone

calling for an appointment, and medical appointment got an appointment later than was actually available. the real issue here. that's the real issue here is the loop -- the real issue here is the length of time to get an appointment. how are you dealing with the real issue, which is people have to wait too long? wii time was longer and people didn't get bonuses. how would that have changed things? i'm not saying they should get bonuses when they falsify records, but how would that have made a difference? the goals that lead to awards for people at the executive level are set with the knowledge of congress, with the knowledge

of lots of people. why is there a delay? why can't people be dealt with? host: thank you. guest: that was the responsibility of the executive to do that. they turned around and they falsified records that people were being seen within 14 days. how are congress going to know they were lying until these whistleblowers? congress has veterans who could not get seen. senatepe congress and that i do hold congress and senate accountable. we realize exactly what you are saying. texas, the colonoscopies would only be approved if the patient tested positive three successive saving -- three -- essive it is inoperable at that time.

we are talking about people covering up. we should've rewarded executives for saying i have 1600 veterans who want to get in on an appointment and i do not have doctors and nurses to get the job done. nobody is doing that. your point is accurate. ifse executives learned that they fronted their numbers and gave a different impression of what was really going on, gaming the system as documented by the v.a. it self, they would get bonuses. we have to flip the script and hold them accountable. we are talking about employees we want to get fired by the accountability act. if they can start firing executives they will be honest and demonstrate some integrity.

host: you are on with former gunnery sergeant. caller: good morning. i worked and retired in the air force with the department of energy. the system throughout the federal government is flawed. it's systemic. until there is a process whereby you can get rid of marginal is nighployees, which on impossible, this is going to continue. the continued use of the -- itmental administration have seen as and i have to tell you it is disheartening. there is no way that bernie sanders is going to allow any changes to the civil service or to the weighted of our mental and us ration accounts are used by these managers.

many of us tried to come in to solve this problem with the elite. it almost killed most of us. until congress takes action to change civil service -- change , thisvil service system overhead will continue to cause problems in day-to-day operations of any federal government agency. given what robert had to say what we do like to see done? just come when the accountability act went on the floor of the house, the only it on who sought -- saw the floor of the house -- this would risk your recruiting, we would not be able to get the best out there because we would risk them getting fired. that is a ridiculous concept.

he have to run government like a fortune 500 company. employee rights outnumber the veterans rights. when this becomes about employee rights over the lives of veterans, we have lost the concept of what veterans administration is about. we pay for this. v.a. management accountability act is not a silver bullet but it is a start. we have to at least hold employees accountable. start firing your employees, clean house. right now you want to wait for investigation results but yet you have evidence for years and years of mismanagement. host: what you think about the president's response? escom it disappointed me. they didn't realize action seki created that backlog. i was a little disappointed. he said this was unacceptable.

himperson who disagreed on -- he fired the person who disagreed with him on policies about the war but not -- he should have come out swinging mad in his testimony. he should have had more fire in his belly that he was not going to put up with this. good tosaying he was wait for results of investigations. guest: -- host: two final tweets -- -- lly guest: i am not going to say he do because the backlog. by opening the doors for more claims and not being prepared to handle those claims, that essentially is causing the backlog. every ceo out there, if they cause their corporation to have

more hurdles than when they came on board by a result of their they have to be held accountable. the backlog is six times is that -- is three times as bad as when he came into office. he has to be held accountable. the guest: jesse jane duff. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] on "washington journal," the national defense authorization act. transportation reporter on the state of u.s. bridges one year after a high-profile bridge collapse in washington state area and and william horne looking at guaranteeing state hunting and fishing rights for state constitutions. you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter starting

live at 7:00 a.m. eastern regular on c-span. tonight, coverage of commencement speakers were several lawmakers and governors including georgia congressman john lewis who spoke at the university of mississippi law school about how things have changed in the south over the last 60 years. here is some of the speech. >> i would visit montgomery. i would visit birmingham. man, signs that said white colored men, white ladies, colored ladies. i asked my mother, father, great-grandparents why? that's the way it is. don't get in the way. don't get in trouble. five in the9th it a 10th grade, i heard about rosa parks.

i heard the words of martin luther king jr. on the radio, the actions that inspired me to find a way to get in the way. to the little town of troy in 1956 trying to check out some books, trying to get library cards. we were told by the librarian that it was for whites only and loreds. collards -- co for a book there signing. hundreds of black and white citizens showed up. signed a lot of books. had a wonderful reception. at the end of the reception, they gave me a library card. you may not find that important, but when people tell me nothing ,s changed in mississippi

changed in the american south, i say come and walk in my shoes. >> that is just some of congressman lewis's congressional address -- commencement address. you can watch his entire speech at 9:20 p.m. here on c-span. we will start with addresses from louisiana governor bobby jindal, deval patrick thomas luke messer, and georgia senator johnny isakson. tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern. with graduation season upon us, we are asking the question, what's your advice to this year's graduates? greg says save your money. stay at home and wait until you are ready to have a family. not what you know but who you know. leave your advice on facebook.com/c-span.

>> if we don't step up the enforcement side, the enforcement side brings the media attention. on isly thing we can rely to make these universities and colleges do what they should be doing is for them to get a bad story, first of all, that a lot of the dems. that, to me, would be a depressing conclusion. we've got to figure out some way short of another tragedy hitting the front pages. >> again, i think the changes i have seen that institution start to make our when they are immediately under investigation. we don't know what the fines will be yet. i would almost rather see that investment in that. >> the fines will be paying for

this. we have an issue with budget in our government. we cannot just endlessly handed out. they can fund their own enforcement. i think that's the justice and every survivor would act out of. ine senator claire mccaskill the first of several discussions on combating rape and sexual assault on college campuses and on book tv, lynne cheney, wife of former vice president the cheney and senior fellow at the american enterprise institute looking at the presidential tenure of james madison sunday morning at 11:00 a.m. on c-span 2. the life and work of american red cross founder clara barton. we visit the missing soldiers office in washington followed by your question and comments live for the national museum of civil war medicine on c-span 3.

>> earlier today at the white house, president obama announced his nominations for the housing .nd urban development >> all right. thank you. i can, everybody. thank you. these have a seat. have a seat. have a seat. when i took office businesses were shedding 800,000 jobs a month. our deficits were heading towards $1 trillion a year, and every member of my cabinet had a tough job in front of them. if you have a tougher job than shaun donovan. the housing bubble that burst triggered the worst economic crisis of our lifetimes, and the irresponsibility of a few bad actors badly hurt millions of responsible, hard-working americans. home values had fallen 20% from the year before. new housing starts had fallen nearly 80% from their peak.

hundreds of thousands of construction workers were out of a job. and a record number of people were behind on their mortgages. five years later, things look a lot different. home sales are up nearly 35%, construction is up by more than 120%, new foreclosures are down by nearly half, and while we are not anywhere where we need to be yet, millions of families have been able to come up for air because they are no longer underwater on their mortgages. a $50 in settlement by the big banks means justice has been done for thousands of homeowners who were targeted by deceptive mortgage schemes, and all this is in part because of the outstanding work of shaun donovan. here is the problem. when you are good at your job,

people always want you to do even more. [laughter] that is why today i am nominating sean to be the next director of the office of management and budget. and to take his place at hud, i am nominating another all-star who has done a fantastic job in san antonio over the past five years, mayor julian castro. before i talk about julian, i want to embarrass shaun a little more. over the years, shaun has taken an agency with a $40 billion budget, made it smarter, more efficient. he has changed the way hud uses data to save taxpayer dollars. he has helped build strong neighborhoods and connect the neighborhoods with good schools and jobs. his helped reduce homelessness among our veterans by 24% since 2010. he has helped 4.3 million

families buy their piece of the american dream, a new home. shaun has helped us navigated unexpected challenges as well. when hurricane sandy slammed ashore, it was personal for shaun. he was born in new york city, rate is get in brooklyn. he once took his driving test on a road that was wiped out by the storm. he understood what this devastation meant to a community he loved. when we were looking for somebody to lead the recovery and rebuilding efforts, i knew shaun was the right person for the job. he has come through, helping the communities you know so well rebuild, but rebuild smarter and better. shaun has earned a repetition is a great manager, a fiscally

responsible leader, and somebody who knows how the decisions we make here in washington affect people's lives all across the country. that is why i am absolutely confident he will do a great job leading the office of management and budget and help even more hard-working americans get ahead. my guess is shaun is grateful to my outgoing head, sylvia mathews burwell, and her leaving behind a deficit that has been cut by half since i entered office. i was a saying that was helpful. [laughter] we have also got to make sure that as we move shaun into a new position that we have got somebody who is going to do an outstanding job at hud, and that public servant is julian castro. for the first time most americans heard this man speak is when he gave a speech at the convention almost two years ago. they saw this young guy, a pretty good speaker, not bad looking -- [laughter] talk about how america is the only place where his story could even be possible.

i watched and i thought, that is not bad. [laughter] but the people of san antonio have known about julian and his brother, congressman joaquin castro, who is here today with leader pelosi and congressman and chair of the congressional hispanic caucus, they have known about him for a long time. as mayor, julian has been focused on revitalizing one of our most wonderful cities and planning thousands of housing units downtown, attracting hundreds of millions of dollars of investment. his old relationships with mayors crossed the country, become a leader in housing and economic the moment. today companies are creating to

create jobs in in san antonio, and this year the east side was named a promise zone, a place where the citizens and the government are working together to make the community family by family and blocked my blog. it speaks to the fact that julian cares deeply about the people he serves and the city that he loves. it is also a reminder that he has never forgotten where he comes from. julian's grandmother came from this country from mexico. she worked as a maid, cook, babysitter karma whatever she had to do to keep a roof over her family and her family fed. that is because for her and generations of americans like her home is more than just a house. home is a source of pride and security, a place to raise a family and put down roots and build up savings for college or a business or retirement or write a lifetime of memories. one day a kid grows up in that home and is able to go on to get a great education and become the

mayor of san antonio and become a member of the president's cabinet. [speaking spanish] it is precisely because he has lived out the american dream and he will work his tail off to make more people can travel that same path. i want to thank shaun's wife, liza, and her outstanding boys, one of whom who badly beat the in ping-pong during a super bowl game. i want to thank them for sharing husband and dad with us a little bit longer. i want to thank julian's wife erica and this adorable young lady who gave me a hug before we came in were agreeing to let julian take on a new challenge. i am confident absolutely that these two individuals are going

to do a great job because they have done a great job and everything they have done in the past. a are proven leaders, proven managers, they are going to be effective, and most importantly, they have got huge part. they-- heart. they are involved in public service for the right reasons, and for that reason i am hopeful that the senate will confirm them without games and delay. i want to give them a few opportunities for them to say a few words. we will begin with shaun. [applause] >> thank you so much, mr. president. i first heard the name barack obama in 1991 at a dinner with a couple who are among my closest friends. the night before, the husband had taken over the harvard law

review, but was in a grumpy mood. i asked how could that be. he explained he was required to address the entire law school immediately after the outgoing head, barack obama. [laughter] he had it easy. try going between barack obama and julian castro. then his wife said that barack obama would one day be president because he was one of the most remarkable people she had ever met. mr. president, after watching you guide this country to one of its most trying periods in history with courage and grace, i believe those words even more today than i did 5 1/2 years ago when i joined your team. thank you for your -- [applause]

thank you you for your leadership and confidence that you have shown in me. i also want to offer my congratulations to mayor castro. you have done outstanding work in san antonio. i have seen it with my own eyes. and i know you will do exactly the same in your new role. let me tell you, you're one lucky guy amid because the hud team is a group of extraordinary public servants. it has been my honor to work with them to help the nation recover from an historic economic crisis that began in the housing market. i am proud to say that together we have worked with millions of families to fight off foreclosure, reduce the number of veterans experiencing homelessness by 24% in the last two years, and revitalizing distressed neighborhoods so that children's futures will not be determined by their zip code or , but by their talent.

i reminded that dr. king said human progress is not inevitable. hud is made up of such individuals. i will miss everything about working with them. thank you, hud team. [applause] well, almost everything. i am the owner of the office as a numbers guy, and at hud i often hear groans when asked to see a spreadsheet that someone is holding at a meeting. if confirmed, i will be glad to go to a place where my love of spreadsheets will finally be embraced. [laughter] in all seriousness, as the president said earlier this year, the budget is not just

about numbers. it is about our values and it is about our future. that is why i have always viewed omb's unique role as critical. let me recognize sylvia mathews burwell, whose extra-large shoes i have to fill. some of you know sylvia and i actually lived in the dorm freshman year in college and we have been friends ever since. i know she will not mind late-night calls for her sage advice and guidance. i look forward to building on your work, sylvia, with the remarkable team that you have built at home in the, brian, beth, and everyone of you who are here today. a stellar team.

if congress approves my nomination it will be a great honor to join your white house, mr. vice president, to join yours as well, and work closely with you to continue to move our nation forward. i want to say a special thank you to my colleagues in the cabinet. you have become good friends. now i'm going to be taking your calls for more funding -- [laughter] but i know the mutual respect and trust that we have built -- [laughter] will allow us to make difficult decisions to lead this country -- leave this country a better place for the next generation. finally, i want to thank my wife, liza, and our two sons, lucas and milo. i will never forget the morning i was first nominated in 2008. liza and i will come up early, papa and onto our bed, to have a difficult conversation that i would not be there on school days, but as i would make it back on weekends whenever i could.

after explaining everything, the very first thing that came out of milo's mouth, it was not about the hardship they would endure. he said, first of all, daddy, congratulations. my public service is their public service. i cannot thank them enough. [applause] once again, congratulations, mayor castro. thank you, mr. president, mr. vice president. [applause] >> thank you. first of all, mr. president, this is quite an honor. thank you very much for the honor and for the opportunity. to secretary donovan, i have some very big shoes to fill, i

know. i understand that fully. however, i just want to say you understand the importance of urban development and housing in your new role. [laughter] mr. vice president, it is an honor to join your administration, the president's administration. i want to thank madam leader and the chairman for being here, and i'm here today with my father, with my mother, who, along with my grandmother, raise my brother joaquin and i after a single -- as a single. after the age of 8. i'm here with the two ladies who have won my heart, my wife, erica, and my daughter. [applause] to be your nominee, president obama, is simply a blessing to me.

i am here alone at the podium right now, but i stand on the shoulders of so many folks over the generations who have worked very hard and dreamt the american dream and have reached it, and i feel blessed to have reached it as well. and especially to the great many folks in san antonio, i want to say a huge thank you. thank you very much for your support. and my brother and i grew up on the west side of san antonio, taking public transportation and living in rental homes as we grew up, and it was there that both of us got a sense of what is possible in america and an understanding that just because of you being from a modest means does not mean that your aspirations or your opportunity ought to be limited. and it certainly means that you can have the talent to succeed

and achieve the american dream. after five years as mayor of my hometown, i know this much -- we are in a century of cities. america's cities are growing again, and housing is at the top of the agenda. i look forward to being part of the department that will help ensure that millions of americans all across the country have the chance to it good, safe, affordable housing, and to reach their american dream is. thank you very much. [applause]

>> i'm hoping for a quick confirmation. i think listening to these teeth of individuals gives you a pretty good sense of why i'm nominating them for these editions. they are going to do outstanding work. haun it's very rarely the an announcement about omb nomination gets people choked up. [laughter] you are really milking. fang, man. -- milking that thing, man. [laughter] out that thepoint marriage was remiss -- they

mayor was remiss. i'm sure he's pulling for the spurs. >> go spurs, go. >> all right. thank you, everybody. [applause]

>> all right, thanks everybody. [applause] more information about the nominee to lead, julian castro. the 39 currently serving his third term as mayor of san antonio. joaquin castroan is his twin brother. he has been mentioned as a possible vice presidential candidate. toreturned -- he referred the keynote address he gave at the 2012 democratic national convention. here are some of his speech from charlotte, north carolina. unlikely journey that brought me here tonight brought me hear from any miles from the

podium. roll uper joaquin and i with my mother and my grandmother. a young girl, she had to leave her home in mexico and moved to san antonio where relatives had agreed to take her in. she never made it past the fourth grade. she had to drop out and start working to help her family. my grandmother spent her whole life working as a maid, a coat, a babysitter -- a cook, a babysitter barely scraping by but wanted to give her child, my mother, the best chance at life. as my grandmother got older, she to give herther grandchildren praying to god to give her at least one before she died. you could imagine that her prayers were answered mentioned was blessed twice over.

the day before joaquin and i were born, she entered a menudo cookoff and one $300. by the time we came along, she had taught herself to read and write in both spanish and english. i can still see her in the room that joaquin and i shared with her reading her agatha christie novels every night and i remember every morning as we walked out the front door to school making the sign of the cross behind us saying [speaking spanish] "may god bless you." tograndmother did not live see us begin our lives and public service but she would have thought it extraordinary that two generations after she arrived in san antonio, one grandson would be the mayor and the other would be on his way, good people of san antonio

willing, to the united states congress. [applause] tonight, more speeches. coverage of commencement speeches beginning with louisiana governor bobby g jindal. he talked about why he defended star philsty" robertson after talking about homosexuality as a sin and african americans were "happy with segregation." here's part of the speech. >> for those be that follow pop culture, you may have taken note of the recent flap between the robertson family of "duck dynasty" fame and the and the network -- the a&e networks. one of the loudest defenders was the governor of louisiana. [applause]

you may think i was defending the robertsons simply because i'm the governor of their home state. you may thought i'd defended them because my boys are huge fans of the show. you would have been wrong about that. i'd defended them because they have every right to speak their minds. however they choose to do so. some of the commencement address from the governor of louisiana bobby jindal. you can watch his speech beginning at eight :00 p.m. followed by massachusetts governor deval patrick, luke messer, john lewis, and georgia senator johnny isakson. commencement addresses beginning tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern. c-span is asking the question -- what's your advice to this year's graduates? the says -- no constitution. live it. breathe it -- believe it.

protected. dan says, learn the phrase "would you like fries with that?" need your comment on her facebook page. >> you can take facebook with you -- c-span with you wherever you go for your free c-span map for smart phone or tablet. this in the all three tv channels or c-span radio anytime. there's a schedule for each of the network so you can tune in when you want, podcasts of recent shows from our signature programs like "the communicators ." take c-span with you wherever you go. download your free app online for your iphone, android, or blackberry. >> earlier today, tech experts talked about how it impacts policymaking. michael rodgers is the founder of the practical futurist consulting firm. he says with technology advancing so quickly, people

have to adapt more quickly than in past years. >> ok, welcome to the meeting. my name is lee brenner. i am me publisher and cofounder of hyperfocal.com. i also host the sirius xm show. has been policy altered, changed, and affected by social media. read we aree you going to talk about the future -- great to have you today. we are going to talk about the future. technology,olicy, and how those things interact. us,ave joel garreau with who is a professor at arizona state university. he spent almost 40 years at the washington post.

>> almost 40. cultureing society and and how things were changing in this country and how things are changing. we also have michael rogers, one of the founders of practical futurist. i'm going to ask each of them to give a quick one minute overview of what they are paying attention to and then we can jump into the conversation. then we will open up to questions. let's start with joel. give me a sense of what you have been working on in terms of technology and policy. >> my area of interest is we are at an inflection point in history. for the first time in years, our technologies are not aimed outward at modifying our environment.

increasingly, these technologies are aimed inward admire to find our minds, memories, capitalism's, and kids -- metabolisms and kids. canou can do that, you become the first species to take control of your own evolution. i have written a book called "radical evolution." significance of this is we are not just talking about the internet. michael? >> one of the things i work with a lot of companies on -- that is what i do now -- having worked at the washington post and new york times, moving into the new century, i have declared victory. [laughter] moved on to help other corporations who have similar issues.

comes down to the virtualization of the world. ofare moving into a period time. called the essay natural history of urbanization were the writer points out that the movement into cities happened quickly for us as a species. it was a shift in society for several reasons. we needed new business models and laws to live together as opposed to family groups. it took us a step away from the source of our food. one step of abstraction away from the physical world. urbanization was in a normal shift. -- was an enormous shift. is the virtualization next big step after urbanization. right now we are at the beginning of virtualization. what it means is we will be

connected all of the time to the virtual world. 24 hours a day. through a newusly generation of devices or unconsciously through the objects around us. just as organization transformed society, the laws, the way we live, virtualization will be the same. >> that is a great place to start. i was talking about the internet of things. that concept of everything being connected that we use. your refrigerators, everything else. i can tell you how to live your life -- it can tell you how to live your life. is it a good thing for society? are we coming to a point where there will be a major conflict in society? where there are people that are saying, we have to stop this? people saying, this is moving too fast? or are things moving so quickly and that is the way it is. people will adapt and they will

learn to live with these technologies? >> i think it is a combination of things. people are adapting more quickly than they used to. the example i like to use is my baking clients will say it took an entire generation to teach people to use atm's. the taking out money part quickly, but the putting money and took out a generation. that i like to flash forward to the biggest dating site. match.com. i interviewed one of the founders at and asked what he would have done differently if he had known what it would have become? he said, i would have invested more earlier. haved no idea it would gone to something that was weird and risky to mainstream within eight years. facebook, which launched in 2006.

it was college students. within five years, the fastest-growing segment was women over 35. we are seeing in extortion of -- we are seeing an acceleration of the adoption rate. >> some would say that is why facebook is no longer cool. [laughter] not for the women part. cool for kids, teenagers. are on thers platform right now and they are not adopting it and using mobile technologies. >> nothing worse than being friended by your mom. >> that is a cultural point. ofking at that technology things and the things people use, are we looking at the new technologies? a generation coming into adulthood that has never known life without the internet. internetrn now, the

means a different thing than it means to these 18-year-olds. how does technology change for kids today versus society? where they'll be rifts between adults and children -- will there be rifts between adults and children? >> my interest is culture and values. i am not as big a nerd as i might sound being up here. i go to the technology to see what it reflects about human nature. i don't care about the gear per se. one of the thing that looks moves fasternology than coulter. there's a cultural lag. everybody knows what i mean when i say moore's law. the curve of accelerating change. that is true for biology and robotics and nano. accelerating

changes going up like this, but our responses are more or less flat, we are at least the toast. -- we are obviously toast. optimistic view, hoping our responses will also come up on a second curve. the reason we are seeing more and more social weirdness, tea party take notice, is when -- i am interested in that is a response. i think the ground is moving beneath our feet. that, if anything, is increasing. when the ground moves beneath your feet, any sane primary looks for something solid to hang onto. what you are seeing -- any sane primate looks for something solid to hang onto. what you're seeing is people that are buying narratives that sound right.

the cable commentators -- they are offering simple narratives that are probably wrong. but they are something solid to hang onto. that is what worries me. we have to accelerate our narratives. >> let me follow up on -- you used to the phrase the next generation. that is always a hot button in any audience. even if we are talking to venture capitalists and dealing with investment time frames. the question is always, what about these kids? the millennial generation, the largest generation in american history. that is the one that is growing up with technology. some researchers wants to divide them into two halves. and theo 20-year-olds, 20-30-year-olds. because thes relationship to the virtual

world is so different. that to me -- where is this going? this is one enormous science experiment. we generally don't know what the effects are of growing up so, attached to the virtual world, virtual relationships. this generation will grow up being able to create and maintain meaningful virtual relationships and personal and business lives that in a way the boomers cannot understand. that will really change this notion of virtualization. you areal topic, joel, referring to this. as technology advances quickly and society is not necessary cut up to the speed at which it is aught up to the speed at which it is moving -- and angle is will the next

generation, the people growing up with this, because they are living with this, will they be adapted so they are learning better? smarter andl be help to use it constantly? people can say, the young people will solve the problems. maybe they have more tools than people who had not grown up with this technology and it is harder for them to adapt, even though they will be around for the next few decades. >> i would be happy with employed. i don't know if they are adapting. i just want them out of my basement. [laughter] i have two daughters. one of them is here. they are happily employed, thank you very much. [laughter] one of the things i am worried about. i think we all are. what happens if this time it is

different? people -- there is this whole argument that the luddites were their jobs were taken away, but they ended up moving to the cities and getting better jobs and bob loblaw -- blah blah blah. but meanwhile, they lost their jobs. there were a lot of revolutions and dead people as what we now smooth out as this curve. all politics is local. i was a reporter and editor in the washington post. i had to take the last buyout for senior staff because there is no business model. i am now at a university. if this happens to me again, i will start taking the stuff personally. i'm very cognizant of the fact

that the last time we had 25% unemployment in the first half of the century, uniform national socialism began looking good to people. so did the new deal. this could be some heavy up pheaval, and i imagine it could start with the young. >> what role does government play in this? because of technology advances that are replacing jobs and money is put into technology that don't hire the same way general motors and and others did in the past, what does the government have to do to make sure or help people have jobs in the future? that is a very broad question. it ranges from income --istribution if necessary

we may end up with a class of people with a lot of time on their class -- hands. income redistribution is one way revolution out of the streets. a second way is to be more realistic about which jobs will continue and which will not. i finished working with a group that represents plumbers, electricians, and heating contractors. their problem is finding young workers. the united states focuses -- everyone goes to a four-year college and gets ia for your degree -- degree and works in an office. young lawyers are having a difficult time because of outsourcing and automation. hvac contractors want to bring a message to parents, school districts, and legislatures saying these are good jobs. they cannot be automated or

outsourced. it is a dignified thing to do. my son's friends all went to college, for your degree. they came home with $40,000 in debt and work at home. s for me ist work buying his first house and thinking about having a kid. we have to be realistic about what jobs will be there. >> we are coming out of the , the last 15 years or so at least, that this was all going to be great and we would solve pain, suffering, stupidity. there are still plenty of people who believe that, a lot any silken belly or u.s. government -- a lot of them in silken belly valley or the u.s. government. jobs, he was a packager

and designer. a great one, don't get me wrong. every single technology in the iphone was created by the u.s. government. these are the guys -- i was embedded four-year. tomorrow's news about biology. directory,ed a new biological technologies office. it is rare for them to create a new directory. the reason they did was because they had so many biology programs going across the other directory that they finally had to create one place for it to get all of these things into one place to get their arms around it. your attention. go to the website and look at what they are doing. they haven't got the memo yet.

they are very optimistic. one of the things they are doing is a program called living foundries. 1000 molecules. at arizona s tate university, in bio design -- a big biotechnology lab -- we have creatures that eat seat o2 -- co2 and poop gasoline. there areu do that, 27 chemical steps to go from carbon dioxide to crude equivalent. they all crew were -- they all occur in nature but not one creature. stitched themy together into one creature and you have crude equivalent. what darp is doing is creating

molecules meant -- you have never heard of. another one is called prophecy. which is about illogical invulnerability. there is another one which, among other things, is meant to reverse aging. check out the website. the interesting thing is about the reaction. one of mymes to -- big things as ethics, i am an ethics professor. the people some of most ahead of this are like the navy, for example. i give them tons of credit. they have lethal autonomous robots. robots that do not need a human to pull the trigger.

they are called smart minds. they register whether it is an enemy ship or not and then decide whether to blow it up. the navy has this problem. you can't put electricity through water. they have a hard time communicating with robots. they are creating ethical robots. are they going to succeed? i have no idea. i'm glad somebody is working on it. >> some of these things, i assume the website does not have everything they are working on -- >> you'd be amazed. >> -- in the sense of the things they are creating. there are plenty of practical uses. for medicine and science in all these things that can help humanity. there is the other side of things where they may be creating molecules that they don't necessarily know exactly what it will turn into 30 years from now. how the body will react to it.

what role do you think the media has in shaping cultural and societal opinions about these things? how important -- is there a media anymore that has that role in terms of shaping opinion? or is it so democratized that there are not those cultural icons? >> i think we are going through a time where media is being reinvented. the kind of scientific journalism, which is really what is necessary to understand the technology, you have to understand some of the science behind it. there is a great tradition of science journalism. but there are fewer and fewer places that can support that kind of journalism. we have a big hole and we are not sure how we will fill it. i often say the last century was the golden age of journalism. not because we did great things, but we -- because we did great -- so much gold.

when you were a monopoly, you made so much money, that we invented the church state relationship in the media. they made so much money, the business people actually didn't care what we reporters did that much. we would upset the local car dealer, but he would not advertise for six months. we invented this relationship that did some amazing journalism. there was great science journalism. going back to the 1970's, one of the first times that the specter of genetic engineering came up. there was a conference of scientists to talk about the threats and possibilities of it. very thoughtfully reported by dozens of newspapers. the craziness appeared, but got dam down. i don't think there was an equivalent today. we need to solve that problem.

>> there has been a lot of discussion about the role of the size of government, the regulations. you mentioned the tea party. sayot of people government needs to be smaller, but the smaller government doesn't necessarily create all those advances. what role does the government the stevegulating jobs creation that repackages or advance is something the government has created? we can talk a little bit about data. the government have in regulating? are there people in government that are focused on that -- oftentimes government is not as darpa is probably the most advanced. >> i have done a lot of conferences and on the subject -- a lot of conferences on the

subject. if you think culture moves slower than technology, then comes the galatian in washington. these people act as if it is possible to -- one of the things i am interested in is how do you govern technologies that do not exist yet. they are talking about spending five or 10 years to regulate technologies that are already five or 10 years old. i see nothing good coming out of that. i have a lot of trouble. i am a congenital optimist, so i am hoping what replaces this industrial age mechanistic rag writing, is i am wondering what happens when -- how do you accelerate the curve of human response? my hunch is the way you would do that is in a bottom-up way.

i think the idea of top-down, hierarchical stuff is just not fast enough. it is just not fast enough. what i am very interested in is diy biology coming up. it is happening. people stitching things together for fun. i'm going to be very interested to see what kind of ethics and morals evolve fast around that in a bottom-up way. i have more optimism about the people who were doing it coming up with ways to make sure we do not destroy the human race than i do in the fda, frankly great -- frankly. >> will there be self-regulation that will take a bigger role than government? may be we have crowd sourcing on everything from fundraising and

ideas -- is that a sense of where there will be lower government walls and more crowd sourcing? >> depends on what you mean by regulation. >> self-regulation often makes me nervous. little guy,not the it is the big corporations. let's take the regulation of the internet. it was essentially invented by guys at universities. that goal was to see e-mail went from paulo alto to los angeles. that was a triumph. to to losalo al angeles. that was a triumph. said, if we had known how it would turn out, we never would have built it.

things you will see internationally is the rule of law. one of the countries that is resisting that is the united states. we have been very blasé fair -- laisez faire about the internet. now we have such powerful constituencies, google, facebook. gigantic lobbying interest that are doing their best to keep the internet from being regulated. a lot of the best thinking about privacy, data retention, is going on in europe. they are not hindered by the lobbying efforts in the u.s. towards self-regulation. >> i think some of the most interesting conversations in the u.s. going on about biology are occurring in the sports pages. all technologies are adopted first by where every -- by

wherever you see the greatest competition. when you are talking about human aging,ment, cognition, the whole deal -- coming up with version 2.0 humans -- where this conversation is being the most thoughtful is in the sports pages. were -- where you are asking whether barry bonds should go around within asterisk -- with an asterisk on his four head. -- forehead. it is not all knee-jerk. you are having nuanced conversations. people are saying, on the one hand, all people want to see the spectacle and if you can hit more home runs. other people are saying, what about -- is that moral?

the whole narrative kind sports is about human competition and excelling and becoming more yourself. what happens if you just become a machine that has a great pharmaceutical crew? that is what it turns out to be. we are having a conversation in a bottom-up way. that is a lot smarter and more interesting than the regulatory efforts i have seen in washington. >> they are aimed at regulation. how do you regulate wedding -- what an athlete is allowed to do to his body? >> if you are talking about deciding what is ok and what is not ok in terms of narrative, and what i will buy a ticket for i don't i will not, expect to see human cloning

anytime soon. not because it is not technologically possible. there has been such a ruble shantou it, even's -- there has been such a ruble shantou it -- such a revulsion to it. >> we don't really think about these technologies until we see examples of what they can do. we first seere them. when the specifics come along, i am optimistic about the human character. inviteill open it up and audience members to join in. these wait for the microphone and speak directly into it. standard, state your name and affiliation, and keep your questions and comments concise. i will start calling on people. julio more from the chu --

future double trust. the web was supported by the national science foundation and not just daropa. the real question is i have no faith in either bottom-up or top-down regulation. ground there is a middle like the human embryonic fertilization authority in great britain. i wondered if either of you were from all your with that model and whether you think that might impact the wave for the future. >> never heard of it. institute -- an in stitute. tube baby wasest

born in britain. where theymething have developed an authority over human embryonic fertilization and other genetic issues that is made up of a public board that is very carefully selected and reflects the general ethics of the british population. and has kept up well with the science, has changed with the science. is really a model i think we should take a look at more. >> i am with the naval postgraduate school. i am impressed with what you are saying. i grew up with parents who were way ahead of key technology -- way ahead of the technology.

the dilemma i face is, human beings have difficulty. change is hard. the kids will live in a world where it will be easy for them until things change. there was a wonderful article in scientific american i was reading about -- where i was reading about how -- you have this question of adaptation. another thing i think is terribly important, which gets back to your journalism thing, is training people to tell stories. we don't do that. that is not considered an important skill. on the other hand, if you can't tell stories, how can people figure out what the alternative is ours are? i worry about the mechanization in our lives. arequestion of jobs -- we going to have to rethink what work is or what people get paid to do. i saw some people picking up

stuff on the street wearing red vests. i said thank you for doing that. you have to find a way to give people respect for doing work we wouldn't want to do. machines are not going to change that. i think it is needed. >> the gentleman in the back. >> i'm from the center for public integrity. could you please address the fortion -- are we headed the dystopia pretrade by dave eggers in "the circle?' " >> thank you for that. i don't make predictions, i don't have a crystal ball. i'm still waiting for my jet pack. which do is scenarios, are systematic rational, logical

stories about what the future might be like given the facts we have on the ground right now. when you talk about human enhancement, you end up with heaven, hell, and prevail. the heaven scenario, the curve goes up. we conquer pain, suffering, stupidity, ignorance, death. the singularity universe. it might happen. law fort being moore's the future. the health scenario to the mirror opposite. -- the hell scenario is the opposite. we went out the human race in the next two days. again, a credible scenario. and the one most people identify with. i guess we had a lousy 20th century. anytime we say, it will all go to hell for my people say yeah -- it will all go to hell,

people say, yeah. the third is scenario --the third scenario is prevail. many transistors you can get to talk to each other, on the basis of more's law. prevail is different. maybe whathappens -- matters is how many surprising humans you can hook up. there are reasons for guarded optimism that the human connection is what matters. you look at the future of the inan connection -- race 1280, it looked bad.

you had the printing press with movable type. the renaissance, the weightenment, and the world have today. lots of examples like that. literature, we have a lot of prevail stories. we find aon is, can way to accelerate the second curve of human response in an identical way to the way darpa accelerates the first curve? i have launched something called the prevail project which is intended to see if we can do that. in that scenario, you ask yourself, how would you know if the prevail scenario was happening? what you would see was a lot of -- in increased pace of out of nowhere bottom-up, unexpected things. have we seen that lately? >what about ebay?

that is hundreds of millions of people doing comforted things without leaders. what about facebook or twitter? i have no idea what is good for, but if it flips out tire it's -- hiring to be middle east -- if it flips out tyrants in the middle east, i am intrigued. >> coming from the millennial taking the example of going to wikipedia or some of the recent developments, the sites that- these use data to portray situations. very boiled down,

simple models masquerading as truth. is that related to the technology or important to think about as we look at the role technology? >> i think we are seeing a fundamental shift in indications -- in communications skills. one of the more controversial things i say, i think we are now longform the wil and of reading and writing. at those goes well be in decline -- that those skills will be in decline. it is because you do not need to read and write very much to get information about the world. i tell the example my mother, who if a boy didn't want to

read, she would look at her interests and bring in books about the boy's interests. bysee longform reading -- that i mean anything over 200 words. we see it declining. very fast. it is simply not going to be necessary. i think what we don't understand is what that does to thinking processes. to what extent the thinking process is formed by learning to read. in my more dystopian tome it -- moments, i say we will look back with some humor on these days when we used to look for kids with reading this up abilities -- reading disabilities. we will understand reading was not a natural skill to begin with. now, we will look for kids with reading abilities. just like star athletes, we will say we will teach you to read and write well. that is why we are starting to see the world of oil down jargon

downnalism -- boiled i jargon journalism and i don't think it is a good thing. >> that is a scary scenario. one of the things -- as a professional storyteller, i know storyteller's have been getting the best piece of meat around the campfire for a long time. i don't expect that to change in the future. we are pattern seeking storytelling animals. rather than look into the night sky and deal with the fact that these are random distributions, we come with amazing stores about -- stories about bears and lions and princesses. we create stories. if wet were to change --

were no longer a storytelling aeeccies. that would be profound shift in what it means to be human. i would have a hard time writing that scenario. it is getting the best piece of the need around the campfire -- best piece of the meat around the campfire. rewording the storytellers is the challenge. you could see a dark 10 or 20 years between the collapse of the old business model and the rise of the new one. but to say there will not be storytelling as part of the human species, in important and rich and complex ways, i don't want to think about that. i have a hard time with that. >> story toy and -- storytelling will always exist t.

it is just the platform. an entire novel may come out in 140 character bursts. i will payecide, this person to keep doing that. i'm not saying that is an entirely new concept or model. maybe it is a scenario like that. thank you, gentlemen, for your conversation. i am with humanity in action. your comments on unemployment i found pregnant giving that there is a -- given that there is a surplus of labor in this country. i would love to hear your insight on incarceration, , and surplus labor

in this country. thank you. [laughter] i think bitsy said something earlier on which is a good point. we need to do two things about finding jobs for people. giving service work more and dignity and pay for it. it is not like the earliest days of factories when the factory workers did not make much money. it was not until unionization that they were the middle class. now it is pretty clear that service workers are going to be driving -- those are going to be driving the economy. not if they make seven dollars an hour. incarceration, i think, is what you try to prevent.

we need to look again at the nature of work in society, i think. >> if i could add to that. if you are looking at the technology and in word -- aimed inward, you can imagine a scenario in which in the not-too-distant future we end up with at least three different kind of humans. the hanse to -- the enhanced, the naturals, and the rest. the enhanced embrace these technologies for themselves and their children. i have some of the stuff in my pack. you end up with more and more enhanced humans that jump at this. their kids are the ones who end and better able to get into the best

colleges and so forth. naturals, are the who have access but choose not to indulge. like today's fundamentalist's. then you have the rest, people without access to these technologies for reasons of geography or class. that could get ugly really fast. it is been a long time since we have seen more than one human walking around at the same time. 25,000 or 40,000 years depending on how you read the fossil evidence. you look at some of the wars right now, afghanistan. fightersat our war versus the people who have not changed a lot since the 14th century.

you say, is this what it looks like? is this the beginning? scary scenarios. i am from control risks. you talked about regulation with guard to technologies. i wonder about safety and security that goes beyond regulation the review mentioned -- beyond regulation. you mentioned the ability of madmen to wipe out the human race in today's. -- in two days. how do we prevent such an act from happening? aboutm really pessimistic police forces doing this. i am much more optimistic about -- my cockeyed optimism is based flock liketom-up,

solutions emerge. 30 years ago, if we had said in every second of every day, our most important computers that regulate everything from -- would be attacked by malicious and imaginative and sophisticated pieces of software, bugs and worms and everything, in the 1970's, we would have said it is over. we are toast. without aas happened, lot of regulation, we have developed responses. i'm not saying is perfect. i'm just saying they exist. i'm not suggesting any of this is a panacea. i am a student of good enough

solutions. using this by knology -- ana logy, you have good enough. do we indict half the chinese military, sure. is this a perfect solution, no. is not a catastrophe you would have imagined if i had given you the scenario in the 1970's. this species has a history of muddling through. like huckleberry finn or exodus in the bibkle. those are all prevail stories. can we have scenarios where we have muddling through? maybe that is what control risk does. >> a couple of quick thoughts on regulation. with the life sciences, we have seen good self-regulation.

over what to do with the smallpox virus. the bird flu question. within the scientific community, there are the roots of self-regulation we have seen over the years. it is not a bad thing. when it gets into the capitalist system, self-regulation begins to break down. look at general motors. there were a bunch of engineers that new too heavy a keychain would cause the driver to d ie. that never got reported because it would cost $.18 more purse which to fix it. there is regulation, but it can be overcome by economics. when it comes to the internet specifically, we will see more global activity. right now it is to sprint and we have autocratic countries controlling their internets.

ultimately, we will move towards some element of a more international set of guidelines. one thing i think we will see his internet passports. some of the lead he -- some ability to have a real identity on the internet. it is astonishing that such a thing does not have legal identities. all the western democracies are working on how you make a legal identity, probably with some biometric, so we know who you are. spoofable.erable -- national id is a third rail. these will be ids you have to use all the time. license. a driver real identities are a big step forward. effectivele, the most

regulators we have are the leaders. now that we have learned with that has made more difference than the entire regulatory apparatus of washington dc. >> regulators -- 99% of scientists are wrong. >> they admitted. -- admit it. that is part of the deal. >> my name is sarah and i work for hewlett-packard. my question is about the i.t. industry. what can you say about the industry in terms of meeting people's needs and being ahead of the pack? how does this fall into your vision of the future under the different scenarios? what else do you think? think the i.t. industry is absolutely crucial in the sense to talk about the

scenario, we are running into a lot of challenges between now and 2050. giving the population increase, the move towards sustainability which will need to have. the move away from the constant growth notion. i.t., the accommodation of a global network, smart objects and intelligent software of the class, i think is enormously helpful. i terms of the whole world, know analysts in the telecom industry who say by 2020, everyone on the planet can have a phone if they want. which is amazing. it is a combination of low-cost chinese hardware and the indian business model which let you

sell mobile service to people who earn two dollars a day and make a profit. was one, the other day, of the last countries to approve three g networks. a lot of those people will have smart phones connected to the internet. it is hard to imagine how transformative that will be. i think i.t., along with smart approaches to biology -- but biology takes longer. i.t. can make positive changes quickly. >> in your question is embedded the notion that information technology is a thing. a separate thing. that is somehow distinct from robotics, genetics, every day life. i wonder about that. everything we are heading towards is smaller, more ubiquitous. carrying it on

ourselves, we are watched by somebody else who has a reason to do that for us. when it becomes that ubiquitous -- when the chair becomes smart and the water glass, is it useful to think of that as i keep? -- it? where is this a new state of being? and how does hewlett-packard make money off of this? >> and the question is who controls the information. whether is the individuals, the government. >> i think we have time for one more question. i want to remind all participants that this meeting has been on the record. everything you said will be used against you in a court of law. in a white jacket. i am with the johns hopkins applied physics lab. i wondered if you could talk about the educational

policymakers on the state of policy. scientistscation of on the state of policy. >> i am less interested in regulation that i am an ethics. we are at this stage, this point in history, where we can do just about anything with material science. when you can do anything, the question is what you should do. that is the core question of ethics. it isoptimistic moments, because i am seeing more people asking, given the opportunity to do anything, what should we do? that is why i'm glad to see government entities like the navy or the foreign-policy establishment asking more should questions.

if you can arrive at what we strikes me ast more important than writing the rags. -- regs. thingis an interesting that can start with scientific education. is i have gone to cold spring harbor laboratories. that is a wellspring of interest in generic work. to talk to some of the graduate students about how society and science and the media work together. there's a direct connection to policymaking theirre. as it affects us more quickly, that should be part of the curriculum. we are seeing a shift in medicine. medical school education. journalism education now soludes entrepreneurialism

you can figure out how to make a living. i think scientific education should shift as well. the policymakers -- you need someone to go through them. they don't necessarily come to you. >> re: seen enough of that conversation happening? eing enough of that conversation happening? example -- bio tategned at arizona s university. increasingly, you are seeing people embedded in bio designe who are in the ethics game. some woman scientist was involved in learning everything there was to know about

some disease for which there was no cure. said, might there be something for you to do? this is so classic. it had never occurred to her. scientists don't wake up how they -- to about how they are going to change the human race. they think about how they're going to wire the monkey. the idea of opening up their world to a much larger consideration of the impact of what they are doing is crucial. i see it happening. >> slowly. >> it has to be fast enough. one ofi.t. world now -- the big questions right now is net neutrality. i am pretty convinced that the

fcc is hearing all sides of the question. we have advocacy groups on all sides. some are richer than others. all sides of the argument are being brought to the fcc. i'm comfortable with that. can the regulars do the right thing? can they do something that causes the least damage? i think that is probably the case. >> i think we are at the end. i want to thank our panelists, michael and joel. [applause] think you all for attending -- thank you all for attending. >> for over 35 years, c-span brings public affairs events from washington directly to you. atting you in the room congressional hearings and offering gavel to gavel coverage

of the house. all as a public service of private industry. we are c-span. created by the cable tv industry 35 euros ago. -- 35 years ago. like this on facebook and follow us on twitter. >> >> next is some of the 2014 commencement speeches from around the country. we will hear from governor bobby governor louisiana, patrick of massachusetts, and representative messer of indiana. earlier this month, louisiana governor bobby jindal gave the commencement address at liberty university. the republican governor explained his conversion to christianity as he addressed an audience of 40,000 people at the lynchber