>> "washington journal" continues. host: we're joined by a reporter with transport topics. as we begin this discussion on infrastructure spending yesterday marked one year since the bridge collapse on the bus ii-5 bridge in washington. how has that collapsed focused attention on the need for bridge investments over the past year? >> yeah, exactly. that bridge collapse may 23, 013. it breached the national conversation because it started the dialogue among infrastructure advocates about the need to finance and replace old bridges. this is a bridge that was built in 1955, and is heavily used by trucks to transport freight from vancouver to seattle. so the economic impact of not having access to this bridge for several weeks caused businesses

o lose commerce and patrons. and the shipments of goods and services were diverted for a stretch of time that some businesses had a hard time recovering a year later. and the conversation around the country you had many infrastructure advocates, like building america's future one sounding the ly alarm that the country, especially members of congress, have to address problem with aging bridges. host: give us a sense of the scope of the problem. here's from the american society of civil engineer, their 23 report card on american infrastructure, noting that over 200 million trips are taken deficient bridges.

the average bridge is 42 years old and include a map with the yellow on that map noting the more deficient bridges in the united states. what's your sense of the scope of the problem here? guest: again, infrastructure advocates will tell you it's an emergency, a severe problem, that these bridges, they're not necessarily unsafe, but they're aging, and with every year they become more expensive to repair and to maintain. there is not enough money to go around the department of transportation, secretary is calling the situation dire. for the need to bring more money to the state from the federal coifers to help state officials repair and sometimes replace these bridges.

and state officials, department of state secretaries are sounding the alarm. you have the governors of new hampshire, rhode island. you know, really calling on the federal government for help. the government of vermont sent a letter to call on members of congress, actually speaker boehner and majority leader reid n the senate to pass legislation help, that would provide more funding for the states. to fix our bridges. host: we're talking to eugene mo laro of transport. we're talking bridges, highways investments in this segment of "washington journal" today. if you have a question or comment.

want to point out one other chart from the american society of civil engineers, their list of functionally obsolete bridges in the united states. in 2012, they listed nearly 67,000 structurely deficient bridges. and nearly 85,000 functional obsolete. what's the difference? >> structurely means that a bridge has shown, inspectors have found a series of problems -- it em, and it cub could be problems with the actual infrastructure, it's not meeting the codes that the standards at the state level at

the federal level. and to be deemed structurally deficient, the recommendation is that they should be rehabilitated or replaced. doesn't necessarily mean they're unsafe to drive on, but they need to be repaired. d functionally obsolete, that's when, again, not an unsafe design, but they're an outdated model, an older bridge. bridges built during the eisenhower era. so, they don't meet current >> american legion commander dan linger will discuss allegations of mismanagement. former u.s. ambassador to ukraine it talks about ukraine's

elections and continued unrest. and an examination of obama management style. and we'll take your calls and you can join the conversation at facebook and twitter. washington journal on c-span. >> in the weekly addresses, president obama paid tribute to those who have given their lives to this country. will schuster gave the republican -- bill shuster gave the republican address. >> hi, everybody. it's memorial day weekend. a chance for americans to get together with family and friends, break out the grill, and kick off the unofficial start of summer. more importantly, it's a time to remember the heroes whose sacrifices made these moments possible -- our men and women in uniform who gave their lives to keep our nation safe and free.

from those shots fired at lexington and concord more than two centuries ago to our newest generation of veterans of the wars in iraq and afghanistan, our history shines with patriots who answered the call to serve. they put their lives on the line to defend the country they loved. and in the end, many gave that "last full measure of devotion" so that our nation would endure. every single one of us owes our fallen heroes a profound debt of gratitude. because every time we cast our votes or speak our minds without fear, it's because they fought for our right to do that. every chance we get to make a better life for ourselves and our families is possible because generations of patriots fought to keep america a land of opportunity, where anyone -- of any race, any religion, from any background, can make it if they try. our country was born out of a desire to be free, and every day

since, it's been protected by our men and women in uniform. people who believed so deeply in america, they were willing to give their lives for it. we owe them so much. so this memorial day, we'll gather together, as americans, to honor the fallen, with both public ceremonies and private remembrances. and i hope all americans will take a moment this weekend to think of those who have died in service to our nation. say a prayer in their memories and for their families. lay a flower where they've come to rest. reach out to service members, military families, or veterans in your community, or families who have lost loved ones, and let them know that their service and sacrifice will never be forgotten. most of all, let's keep working to make sure that our country upholds our sacred trust to all who've served. in recent weeks, we've seen again how much more our nation has to do to make sure all our veterans get the care they deserve.

as commander in chief, i believe that taking care of our veterans and their families is a sacred obligation. it's been one of the causes of my presidency. and now that we've ended the war in iraq, and as our war in afghanistan ends as well, we have to work even harder as a nation to make sure all our veterans get the benefits and opportunities they've earned. they've done their duty, and they ask nothing more than that this country does ours -- now and for decades to come. happy memorial day, everybody. may god watch over our fallen heroes. and may he continue to bless the united states of america. >> for americans trying to get a job and get ahead, republicans are committed to making things easier any way we can. we've passed dozens of bills to expand opportunity for middle-class families. we've pushed senate democrats to match our focus on jobs. and soon, we expect the president to sign one of our ideas into law. it's the water resources reform and development act, an infrastructure bill designed to improve the ports, harbors, and

waterways essential to the flow of trade and commerce. at its core is a foundation for long-term job growth. not just jobs in construction, but also jobs that depend on and are created by a modern, efficient transportation system. you see, without reform, our water infrastructure becomes more obsolete by the day. that means the cost of doing business in america rises, other countries close the gap, and we become less competitive. right now, it can take 10, 12, even 15 years to study a single project -- nothing gets going. not only that, the costs of these studies keep going up and up. and to top it all off, traditionally this bill was bloated with earmarks, a spending free-for-all. it is the worst of all worlds. so republicans have turned the page on the old ways. we're setting hard deadlines and cost limits. we're cutting out the outdated projects, the unnecessary bureaucracy. and there are absolutely no earmarks. taken together, these things mean breaking down barriers to

the worthy projects that can be the pride of our economy and our country. this is progress. when you entrusted republicans with the majority in the house, we pledged to do some simple, important things. number one, focus on jobs, and two, change the culture to make government more accountable to you. this is a great example of how we're delivering on both counts. and with so much more to do, it's an example of what we can accomplish when president obama and senate democrats work with us to address your priorities. whatever it takes, we are determined to bring jobs home for america's workers. thank you for listening. and, in honor of memorial day, let me simply take this moment to say -- god bless the united states of america and all who have served and fallen in our name. >> coming up next, "the communicators" with fred vogelstein. after that, a security hearing

on cyber security threats is starting at 8:00, corporate executives from microsoft and general motors delivering some of this year's commencement addresses. >> c-span, created by cable companies 35 years ago and brought as a public service by your provider. >> dogfight is the name of the book. "dogfight: how apple and google went to war and started a ," fred vogelstein is the author and joins us from san francisco. how and when did apple get started? has been around for almost as long as silicon valley has. apple got started in the late 1970's when steve wozniak and steve jobs started the company in a steve jobs' garage.

19 -- the mid 1980's, it was the hottest company in all of technology if not the world. one of the things that people -- i remember that many people have forgotten is the iconic super bowl ad that aired right before apple launched the macintosh and as soon as the macintosh came out, apple was the hottest company on the planet. >> how and when did google get started? >> google started much later. google started in 1998. out of stanford, larry page and sergey brin started google in his our dorm room while they were phd's. to figure outnted the best way to index the web because at that point, that