washington post." thank you very much for speaking with our viewers today. the carnegieto endowment for international peace. a conversation about escalating violence in iraq. the president is sending more advisors to the area. the ambassador will discuss the country's future. coverage will begin on c-span. . .

morning, i am vice president of studies at the carnegie endowment for international peace. i want to thank you for joining us for this important discussion of the future of her rack -- of iraq. and for joining the conversation with his excellency, ambassador lukman faily. cover much of the events in iraq in the last monthm,

including the capture ofos mosul;. ago, they announced the of part of the iraqi state. these development have put prime minister maliki under intense pressure, international as well as domestic, to form a new government as soon as possible. hopefully, that will include representation from the sunnis in order to give the government additional credibility in its fight against isis. host, we are honored to ambassador lukman faily to discuss the challenges facing a new inclusive government as well against isis.

sincebassador has served since july, 2010. he also lived in the united kingdom for 20 years working in information technology sector and serving in senior management positions for two major national companies. thank you again for joining us today. let me remind everyone that the ambassador has asked to speak wrigley for 10 minutes in order to allow the opportunity for you asask as many questions possible. he will have to leave at 1130 a.m. i would appreciate it if we would all remain seated while the ambassador leaves right of course,emarks and

the question-and-answer session. faily.dor fa [applause] >> good morning, everybody. thank you very much for introducing me. and thank you for giving me an opportunity to talk at this procedure split -- space. it is always an honor and opportunity for me to be here. also, an important time where my country is coming back as the focal point in d.c. as you mentioned, the iraqi people are under direct assault by those who are committed to safe haven that does not respect any viable rule of law and

target anybody, including many muslim brothers and sisters who do not swear allegiance to their extremist views. another level in which isis declared them as -- themselves as the only rule in toq, which is a challenge the region and to the globe. this cannot be solved militarily. the current climate can only be solved through a conference of strategy that includes security, political, and economic reforms as well. minister has stated that they are committed to building a national unity government that embraces and empowers all segments of the iraqi society regardless of religious ethnicity and regional backgrounds.

-- of religion, ethnicity, and regional backgrounds. i will talk about security issues as well as our relationship with the united states. the prime minister has already rejected the idea of forming a as a violation of the constitution in april 30 election. there have been many calls for us to have a salvation government and other types of governments. establishing a government outside the political process would undercut votes cap -- cast by millions of iraqis and potentially further destabilize the country. ironically, forming a government that disregards the election the sameould promote thing isis is trying to perpetrate. undermined or alienate

wouldacy and institutions lose confidence in the elected government and it would send a message that the issue should be resolved with bullets and not with ballots. we are in the process of forming a new government and it must not be delayed the recent terrorist gains. it means nothing and violence means everything. elected parliament, which met early today, will start the formation of the government as a top priority. build working to institutions of government that .an serve all of the people that process is underway and will not be undermined. meanwhile, iraqi people are under immediate and direct , an immediate and direct threat from the terrorists. and the terrorist threat must be defeated. thehe security aspects,

prime minister and national security team are working to counter the current threat to the iraqi people. we desperately need the united states assistance to stand aside. the iraqi government welcomes the decision from obama to send 300 troops of counterterrorism experts to support our armed forces. however, the institutions on the -- the situation on the andnd is developing rapidly there are potential regional implications. the third is the common name been -- common enemy of the andi people, our neighbors [indiscernible] and we must work to defeat that.

we believe that immediately , includingassistance targeted airstrikes, are crucial to deal with the growing threat. time is not on our side. nor on our neighbors side, nor on the united states side. it will only benefit the terrace. -- the terrorists. relationship is governed by this strategic framework agreement, which we do not have it any other country. naturally, we have always saw positive relations with other .ountries as well precarious situation we are now facing, it is to deploy offers of help from any of the countries

our position. fought theays resistance, however the situation on the ground may require us to support -- acquire more support from our neighbors. our first choice was to buy american-made f-16s, but the process of delivering those does not meet the immediate threat we face. we will nevered, choose to replace the partnership we have with the united states with any other country. morevernment has purchased than $10 billion worth of necessary military equipment from the united states and we have promised to buy more. tiedountries are forever together, because of the lives

we've lost and the treasures we spent in both countries in the last decade. finally, i cannot underscore the fact enough that the people of iraq are being threatened, intimidated, and to -- and killed by terrorists that are committed to maiming as many innocent people as possible, regardless of their religion, ethnicity, identity, in an continue the terrorist cause. as is not just a threat to iraq, but to the region and beyond. if allowed to consolidate their gains further, isis will have a safe haven in the heart of the middle east spanning western , fromrom -- two syria

which they can launch attacks on the iraqi people, its neighbors, and eventually beyond. thank you. i will he happy to answer any questions. [applause] >> thank you very much, ambassador. you started your talk by emphasizing that problems cannot be solved militarily, but i cannot help but notice that most of years each you're talking about military issues. you have not given us -- most of talkingech you are about military issues. you have not given us a clear vision of what will happen in her country to get iraq out of this crisis. today, many people fear the future of iraq as a state, not just because of isis, but also because of the kurds now

undeclared intention to basically separate from iraq. we are talking about a situation in which the very concept of iraq as we know it might be in danger. you can enlighten us about the political process that you see that could convince all the side, the sunnis, the kurds, as well as the shiites, of that they want a unified iraq more than anything else. immediate one where we need to change the terrain on the ground more effectively. we are all aware that we need to have a political process andgside a military process development. however, the military support from the united states in which we have a strategic agreement

that talks about the democratic -- protection about the democratic processes of iraq. the integrityout of the state being at risk, i do mean that. iraq has never faced such a challenge since its foundations as a state in a early 1920's. for that -- as you mentioned, there are a number of players behind that. what is the social cohesion? the other is the aftermath of the dictatorship and its impact of -- on society. it destroyed the middle class and affected the fabric of society. and most importantly, it did not give the society a vision of what it means to be an iraqi.

the shia say they were ethnically cleansed. the sunnis say they were marginalized. you have that issue. we have past 10 years, tried to bring those communities into a cohesive, effective government. and we have challenges to that. the effectiveness of parliament, the fragmentation of the political processes in iraq, those are all challenges that we ow however what we face now is different altogether. it has to do with terrorists that do not believe in any does nothesion and believe in the other, and does not expect other. that is the key threat. not home grown, but transnational. which means it will have an

impact, if not already, on the region and the globe. the iraqis hav own domestic challenges back home, yes. we move one step forward, two steps backward. we knew that. and that is natural for a new democracy. it just takes time. is in the the balance areaing our agreements -- or disagreement, i'm ok with that. but when you have threat from terrorist organizations who have access to any type of wealth, cash, itil, or actual can damage the region and the globe. this is what we are talking about now. it is not an issue of internal

dominance. yes, the kurds have their ambitions. these issues will be resolved in due time, provided it is a mutual process, which we have agreed on. bearing in mind that in any other society, having such an -- parliamentety taking and elections place, all signs that people want democracy. and the me say again, the threat is immediate to us and to the region. this is what has to be talked about today. the other issues will take significant time. we are not disregarding them, but we are saying, there have to be priorities. clear, thethings

isis advancement has happened in where there is marginalization and not necessarily because isis has a lot of military power. in your view, does iraq see the defeat of isis as a necessary first before a political process is established? or do you see the work -- the two working in parallel? >> they are in parallel. the political parties are more or less pushing back on the lack of development, the challenges , and they are seriously fighting back on that. we need to have a political process alongside the military process. thater the issue is not on track. truck -- it is manageable. with the military,

which means that we have to mobilize the people. we have challenges with -- we theot cope with organization. we cannot play the same game. they go into residential areas. what do we do? we just bombard those residential areas? crit --talked about to willt as a town where we april -- we were able to clean up the town and the university. but they are able to move in because of booby-traps and everything, which means literally houses are booby-trapped. they are unable to get near their. that type of destruction, we .annot match that

as a state, we cannot match that. we have challenges. we need technology, better capabilities. these have to be priorities to address the threat now. but the political priorities have to go alongside with that. do the political priorities have to mature? yes, they have to. it takes time to change a culture. do we ignore everything because of the political process? i think that is a responsible of the -- is the response ability of the government and of the region to deal with the threat. >> the next question might be unfair. the political process that i'm talking about, if it becomes clear -- and i'm saying that the of prime minister maliki

is going to stand in the way of a unity or national government, is there a scenario where you would still respect the elections, but mr. maliki's party or some coalition might agree, not of course ignoring the results of the election, but in the interest of the iraqi envision ald you with the prime investors name? >> there is no agreement over the next prime minister. the shia bloc has not talked about a name yet because they want to wait until the parliament. would prime and mr. maliki get the votes?

he has 300 seats in parliament. he can become prime minister, yes. is that set? no, that is democracy. we will have to wait and let it take its shape. problem for prime minister maliki? i would say, no. premierlenge behind the position is much more than political issues. the political class is new to democracy, new to governing. they are taking their time through that. and i would say that the issue should never be personalized. solution to blame somebody and say, well, it's his problem. that is unfair and unrealistic. and i would even say, unachievable.

and you would say, the person who has 100 seats should not even put his name forward? i would say we need to work through the process. and i would say that personalizing it would not benefit anyone. it is easy to blame. i think that is a bit unfair. >> one more question and then we will open it up. the iraqi parliament met yesterday to first agree on a speaker, which did not happen. on, i would imagine they also need to agree on a president. from what we are seeing the tendency among the kurds to ,ithdraw from iraq as a state

that the parliament would agree on, let's say, a kurdish president, and that the kurds would go along with that even when many believe it is their not goon to separate and back to where they used to be before this crisis? iraqis on agreed as the constitution, that included the kurds. aroundarticipation was 95% of the kurds saying, we agree to this constitution. until a new constitution is talked about, than the current discourse will still mean that the kurds will play a significant role. and the parties have now agreed for the presidency to be occurred, and the speaker to be -- to be a kurd, and the speaker to be a sunni arab.

yesterday morning, they were and theyto agree disagreed at the last moment as to a person. what they are saying is we allow each block, or eat entity -- to decide. two or threeu have for the presidency, two or three for the premiership, and two or three for the speaker. that is a halfway solution. that is ongoing. the kurds have already made it and the kurdish are seekingid they

they arence, however still under the constitution. and until a new social contract is defined, we expect the kurds to play a role in the positive clinical process and the security of iraq. that is the obligation on every citizen of iraq who believes in a constitution and political process. that is still ongoing. it has its own challenges, geopolitical as well as other challenges. we will leave that to they a new constitution is talked about. if not, then we expect every citizen to play their respective role. >> ok, let's open it up.

please, keep your questions short. identify yourself. we will take three or four at a time in the interest of allowing as many of you as possible to ask questions. >> my name is dr. donna wells also i'm an expert in russian language internet. what would you say is the objective in isis taking baghdad, and is that an immediate concern? >> ok, in the back. >> two questions, if i could. the first is the mother has been a lot of negative press in the united states on the russian deal with the fighter jets sent to iraq. i would like it if you could please explain that deal, which to my understanding was made in 2012.

in second question is, many the united states has said that this is fundamentally an issue that has to be resolved regionally and not just within iraq. what are we going to do with the regional partners that we have, which include states such as iran, saudi arabia, the gulf monarchies, who according to peter mont sort, former aide to general petraeus, said some of these states believe it is in their strategic interest to have . little bit of terrorism how do we get a regional comparable -- cooperation out of that makes? how do we get a regional cooperation out of that mix? >> do you think it is possible to compare the situation in mali with the situation in iraq with the french army or any other

army not ready to come to solve your problems? >> i will take these questions. isis and others are ideologists who do not believe in the existence of the other, period. and when i say other, i mean anyone who is different than the traditional understanding of islam. to them, we are too soft. they're too on the fridges -- fringes of islam. honest, i would think that elsewhere in the globe they would think they have to go above that. that is their belief.

they cannot coexist with others, nor can cut -- nor can others coexist with them. that is the reality. question of russia, we have already asked again and of the united states for helicopters -- i think about two years ago was that request. and until recently it was stuck in the congress. and we as a state were stuck between the white house and the congress as we make the decisions and other compromises internally. we never wanted to be part of this internal u.s. discourse as to additional weapons and strategic capabilities to iraq. however unfortunately, that was the result. the aftermathw is of a slow response to the situation in iraq. stipulated to, he

all levels of the state and the white house in others -- and others that we needed help. and if we cannot provide you with our own give abilities, you do it. and we will provide you with others. and unfortunately, that was not , or received positively until the situation came up in the last two weeks. and we all lost that opportunity. it was clear cut as to where the bad guys are. as far as the russian purchase, the purchase from russia, i've said before as publicly as

we do not have choices. situations on the ground are forcing us to choose whatever is available to support us on the ground. iraqe aware of the processes within the united states institutions for approval and there are stakeholders who have to approve. yes, we expect that. but we expect the other to respect our own choices. from thechoice is need, rather than desire. and i assureg list you that no one would want to go to a secondhand purchase if he can get the best. we have these purchases them prime -- in the pipeline, but the timeline will not help us. >> the regional solutions. and wenow for a fact have been saying for a while that we have been victims of terrorism for the last 10 years.

and we know the majority of them are not from iraq. until recently, none of the fighters were iraqi intel recently. -- until recently. now with the situation in seriocomic become -- became -- in syria, it became a global phenomenon. it has become a terrorism destination for blowing up schools and the like. and we have afghanistan, chechnya, others. we know that this is a global phenomenon. and it requires a global solution. and we have said to our region,s, no one in the

noneaudi arabia, not iran, are immune from it. this is a global disease. we have not found a treatment for the cancer. >> i am ambassador john hudson with foreign policy -- hello, ambassador, john hudson with foreign policy. you mentioned that if you cannot get support from the united states you will be forced to reach out to others, such as iran. what kind of additional support might you try to acquire from iran? >> jennifer from the middle east institute. you said isis is primarily a transnational threat, but they have been reportedly working with x baptists -- ex-

bathists. would you consider including these officials in any of your future direction you come >> if isis does come in and take over, would they be able to use the military commitment -- military equipment that is now in iraq against neighboring countries? correct as far as i know, isis are> as far as i know, isis creative and very destructive. ,ny capability that they have they will look for maximum destruction. whatever they have, whether it is chemicals, actual hardware, or any other weapons they have, they will utilize elsewhere. to them, blowing themselves up

is considered a glory work. what about blowing up other things? it is a danger and any capability they have has to be taken. iran, we are aware of the international rules against purchases or dealing with iran in a military way, and we have not. the iranians have a threat .hemselves and to the iranians, they consider the shiite shrine as part of their national security. mech is part of national security to every muslim. mecca is part of the

national security to every muslim. as most of the confrontation now, it is dealing with isis and syria. in the sense that we are aware of the international norms and we do not want to break any international convention or any type of united nations sanctions , but anyran cooperation we can do with them that we cannot get elsewhere, we will do that. we face a common threat. we are neighbors with shared borders between us and we have a common threat. was the third question? confirmation process.

>> since the muslim change, there has been hermetic discussion inside iraq. do we accommodate or do we not? this is still developing, by the way. attitude is that any foreign entity will not be accepted. we cannot except them in our discourse. resistancemegrown and ideology, we are accepting that. withn have that discussion those who say they disagree with the shiite government or with whomever. as long as they do not have weapons against the state and have not killed iraqi citizens. those not involved with the bloodshed, we will have a

discussion with them. but those who are, we cannot accept that and i think you would except that -- expect that as well. >> a lot of people are concerned thatthis is the first time has --nization like isis even in afghanistan this has not happened where an organization syriaken a swap against and iraq. how confident are you that you will be able to regain the territory, or should we expect a long-term struggle between the army and such in a renovation? -- such an organization? >> we think the path is external.

it means we are looking into a prolonged process. we have had difficulties controlling the border with syria. until we do that, we cannot contain isis within iraq. they already have their safe havens across the other side. we need to work together with the united states as one theater. and until we control the border, then unfortunately this will be a prolonged process. be kicking them out of certain towns or provinces. a rock is vast. the desert is vast. americans have challenges themselves. we know this is a long process.

whomever is committing to this has to think of it as a long process to be able to sustain it and deal with the core issues, which is to deal with the capabilities inside iraq. and going back to the question , iraq isly -- mali different in the geopolitics of it. it is different in the richness. iraqith all due respect, is considered an important country in relation to oil, geography, culture, history. in a way, it is a cradle of civilization. factors in trying to look at iraq not just as an internal issue. not just look at the situation of interval domestic issues within iraq.

because of the richness of our astory, we need to provide message to the world that this place cannot be occupied or destroyed. issue.re is another has destroyed cemeteries,urches, and so on, in addition to [indiscernible] to us, history is an important part. >> do you view this as a military operation to control the borders? or do you view this as a biblical process -- a political process that might include other countries as well? we always have reliance on

local tribes and others to support the state. however, until we control the -- we preempt rather than react to situations. unfortunately, this bleeding will continue. we have to work on local tribes, entities, entice them into political process and working with the government. at the same time, we need to have a strong military capability. >> josh rogan, daily beast.

you were talking about funding for eiffel -- isil. it was reported that it sells drygoods to the assad regime. directly to the assad regime. do you see a contradiction there? what is the current level of discussion between your two government to? >> let's take a couple of more questions. >> erica taylor from the state department. can you explain what your views are on the future application for oil, both iraqi and kurdish, with the president -- the presence ofisil in the region -- isil in thee of region? >> i want to bring up the topic of the kurds. if the kurds do in the --

declare independence, you really should mentioned that they theld still tak stay in constitutional framework that they agreed to. take them as an independent state to fight the terrorists that currently exist in iraq? or is that kind of cooperation not something that the iraqi state or baghdad could ever agree to? the third one first. currently, the majority, if not of the kurdish [indiscernible] at this moment, they do not have with baghdadt without going through an isil

area, which means they already have the problem now and there are challenges. and the kurds know more than [indiscernible] and we have always said we are happy to work with whomever, our own subsistence -- our own citizens and the kurdish community. i personally doubt very much there will be a chance for kurdish state within the current geopolitics of the region. it has to go through a significant change to accept that. their participation is a sign that they are aware that they

have to work within the framework of an iraqi state. .> isil thrives on anomalies and yes, they do think outside the bar. -- the box. acquire,ilities they whether it's oil and gas, whether it is in serious or a rack, that is where they will have an impact on the region. transnational, which means they do not think their primary job is to provide services to the local people. no, that is not their objective. their objective is to create mayhem in the region, which they will thrive on. and they will say, these are the victims and we are the champions of the sunnis. that is their ultimate narrative. they shelledy,

another area with mortars and their objective is to create more destruction to this shia shrine to bring civil war in iraq. will try to stifle their capabilities and their financial abilities financial so they will ultimately be defeated. assad and isis. contradictions and anomalies exist within iraq and the region. we know we cannot resolve the situation in syria. canat the same time, if we

work with the syrian government to control our side of the border and to help us in the we will dost isil, that, because we have a common thread. -- common threat. have a relationship beyond that, that will be up to others to convince us of that relationship. next one. >> you have repeatedly mentioned the need for unity and inclusion on the new iraqi government. all that being said, do you have any comments on the recent amnesty international reports suggesting dozens of revenge killing of sunni muslims at the forces? overnment

>> prime minister maliki has onlyed saudi arabia of not financial support, but actual weapons support. i wonder why there is not more condemnation internationally. >> thank you, ambassador. i just want to touch on something that was shared on the question about the areas that are being captured and if they are already marginalized. i have been reading reports that the first goal of isis is to capture it -- capture established social services, benefits for the poor and things like that. i wonder if there is anyone on

the ground that might regard ices favorably because of these services? in the captured areas, is it always violent? or is there a sense in some areas that captured -- illegitimately, of course, but it is favorable because some of these areas were already marginalized because of the lack of these services? thatere were reports mortars landed very near the shrine in samarra. can you talk about the situation there, the threat to the shrine, how close that is, how well defended it may be, and your concerns about it? washe question of samarra that they had control of the place. it wasn't. we cleansed all of samarra and have now moved to to treat -- tikrit.

some people were killed. that is the situation. outside of the human rights human -- as far of the rights record, in a chaotic situation, abuses will occur. will bees of any type offended. we have brought out the kurdish government to help secure minorities, whether they are or others, toshia protect them. because with the current violence in iraq, the minorities would be the first victims.

that is why we have been trying to say, we need to control that and we need to focus on the minorities. most of that was in the areas rainier thosees areas and others. being as the prisoners executed, we are looking into that situation. i think the situation is much more complicated and unfortunately, i think we know the situation on the ground is much more complicated than anat on the ground -- then people think. the kurds or about

others, what is marginalization? it is a bit more complicated. >> i would say that we and know for a fact -- >> [indiscernible] >> i would say that we know for we have worked to the others going in. and we have said we would work with all in the region to bring some credibility to the sectarian narrative. these issues in the region will

not help anybody. no one is immune from it. and we have been saying to them, please, pull your weight so we can all work together. these countries who have borders can dock -- in iraq their part and that will reduce the smuggling of weapons, etc., into a rack. >> and on jordan? >> the jordanians have limited .apabilities .he area is vast

where we have questions elsewhere, it was a political motive. duty toyond the call of protect iraq from jihadist. that is what we are talking about. >> the main problem between the is article 140. ago, it was said [indiscernible] what is your understanding of that statement?

>> you talk about how isis is this transnational threat and how it cannot be solved in just one country. do you believe that any military action against isis needs to include some form of action in ? ria as well as iraq >> i have a couple of questions. the first one is, where is the european role in all of this, and if you see a role in all of the conflict going on right now, what would you like it to be? the second question is, what do you think the tipping point in this conflict is going to be? , assis moves to jordan next

they have been declaring, do you think that is going to be the tipping point where probably this will entail an intervention from the u.s. or other bodies? >> we have confidence that the united states will look into the .ituation in a holistic way and god forbid, we do not want this to be escalated to other so that itwhere forces the united states or anyone else to look at it. let's contain it now. otherwise, the destruction is too big. the countries of the region are too fragile. we cannot afford the luxury of waiting until it becomes the third country and forth country.

we are fairly confident that the united states will play a major role and bring capability against the isis spread or influence in the region. >> only the kurds will ask that, by the way. >> we talked about the ironies of it. article 140 has not been talked about apart from the kurdish government for a long time. in d c, i have not had any questions being asked about it when i've been here. which is a reflection of where i think people feel the party has to be, which is one inclusive government and trying to put aside disputed areas. made thatbarzani

statement public. the parliament will review that. that 140 isk addressed and the item is close, then fair enough. if not, then it is the obligation of all parties to try to bring some it is the obligation of all parties to try to bring some closure. in 2005 the timeline was about 2007 that there will be a census -- a census done in the disputed areas. and where the boundaries, where some of the boundaries were changed, including the town of kirkuk. it was a multiethnicity town. changed by saddam's time or not since saddam. since the late 1950's onward,

until 2003. it talked about -- in the item called disputed areas. where they were controlling kirkuk. and you have to deal with that reality. but the gist of that as well. what we are saying is in a culture where people do not forget easy, and a culture in which things have taken a long time for things to manifest itself. it cannot be changed overnight by one party saying i have nothing to talk about. that will not be feasible for either party. nd if the parliamentarians agree amongst themselves that the best issue is the result and the borders are clear then best wishes for all. if not, i would leave that for

the parol meavent to decide on the best action. right now i would not think that is advisable for anybody. but simply because people do not like to be fought. they have a revenge culture. they do not forget easily, and mostly these issues -- the dispute is not about land. the dispute is about identity which means forcing an identity on others will not work. and i would say my humble advice is, let time resolve this issue, but do it peacefully. >> so you have a question about whether the iraqi military will have action in syria? >> no. we respect our relationship with syria. we respect the demarcation and so on, and we will not get

involved in operation with syria. from our side we look forward to working with other countries such as the united states to control that border. and i would say as far as i know the united states are look -- they know of their inter dependant cri of iso on either side of the border. >> -- >> i think it's somewhat making them difficult to play a role. however, the foreign minister, the british foreign minister was in iraq last week. we talked about cooperation. we have yet to see a tangible ole for the e.u. and iraq. however, the threat is immediate to them as well. jihaddist, a large amount of them coming from france and others.

we've seen french players in syria and all kinds in iraq. so we know that they have -- for the next hours we need to work closely. >> one last? >> yes. >> please. >> i think -- two questions. the first one is how do you see conditioning the u.s. help in achieving advances on the political process? and the second question is that there is some fears here in washington that the administration may be giving the illusion of being concerned about iraq. but in reality there's nothing real going on, on the ground in terms of really supporting the iraqi government. going back to the

constitution. you see that there is a role for federalization in some sort of political settlement? >> ok. yes, sir. >> hi. paul richard with "l.a. times." i wonder if you can speak a little more about the iraqi government's thoughts regarding russian military support here. are there more arms that you think you might buy from them? is there a possible role for military advisors in iraq? >> let's take one last question. yes, sir. please. >> richard owens, international relief. no one touched on the nearly half million internally displaced iraqis as a result of this. other than the u.n. and the little bit of none

international relief response has been poor to, say the least. i can't think of anything the u.s. has done. mr. ambassador, what do you see as principle requirements for an international response to this humanitarian crisis? -- e displacement issue within couple days of this situation erupted. 400,000 and 300,000 people mostly being displaced. large, is 20,000 trying to legislative. but the immediate threat. the u.s. provided some help when secretary kerry was in iraq, he talked about that as well. they have supported iraq financially. we, as a government don't have an issue of the funds but

accessibility to it. that's the key challenge we have. so it's not an issue of fund but we need to have tents and food and everything else provided to the displaced. the government is providing a tremendous amount of effort. and they are focusing on that. we very much appreciate that. but what we have is not sustainable. we need -- that's what we are talking about. the fact that we resolve this issue militarily or that this can come back and also know that for example in basheer, they had an issue of booby trapping the houses. so we have a domestic situation to address which is crucial as well. and that's another area of concern. the expertise from russia, i think the formula we have

declared is simple. e have a need. whoever is available, including russia, it will come to that point. we need -- this is what we are talking about. we are not talking about having a pact with any country. we have chosen the united states as our partner of choice. we still want to have a strong military security and other type of strong relationship with the united states as a strategic choice, which we have made that. even when secretary kerry was there last week we said we need your help now. don't condition it. don't put any conditions. not that we are not willing to work with you to address these issues which is having to do with political situations an other types of issues. yes, we will do that discussion

and working on it but don't condition it because the risk is too immediate and threat is too important for us to think of the conditionalty of it. they will tell you it's not easy in our region. there's a change of culture. and that's not a simple job. however, providing military help can significantly change i can induce and provide -- would say an influence for the united states and iraq. this is what i call the acid test. this is an acid test to that relationship. >> there was a question about whether -- whether they have genuine concern? >> we do have it. we know for example yesterday's example of military and position such as help. we know that the united states

and especially the white house are serious about and they understand the scale and depths of the threat. and we never doubt that. however, what we are saying is that we need more. that's what we are talking about. we are not disputing in any way, shape or form the commitment of the united states to iraq. that's not the issue. the issue is the scale of the support we're talking about. >> thank you very much for a very lifely discussion and for the nashese answering difficult questions. please join me in thanking the ambassador first. [applause] and i would ask you again please to remain seated until the ambassador legislatives. thank you very much.

>> you can watch again conversation with the iraqi ambassador to the u.s. at c-span.org. the pentagon announcing today that the u.s. is sending an additional 300 troops to rock the increase security in baghdad and around the u.s. ambassador. president obama notified the house and senate leaders monday that the troops will remain in

iraq until security improves. we expect to hear more about this at the pentagon briefing live at 2:00. and a look at the tech in a logical advances in consumer drones and the everyday use. the discussion includes remarks by 3-d robotics c.e.o. chris anderson. >> well, this weekend three follow-me projects launched. one kick start. one follow me is one of these things where the drone follows you. you're biking, skiing, running, and the drone just stays 30 feet back and 30 feet up and gets that perfect christian matic hollywood feel. on one level, that is exactly what the youtube generation wants. and it has incredible function and g.p.s. and image

recognition spotting you and then creatively trying to figure out what the right angle is and looking at the sun and shadows and science fiction years ago. this is the destroyed you were looking for, right? and this was just this weekend there were three projects that launched and one just raised a half million dollars in a day all based on our platform. so that's just -- that was just today. tomorrow, this mapping function we're talking about. what kristin is doing is this notion of construction. 300 thing what this can do is a mapper. it goes circles around the construction site. takes pictures and sends it to the cloud and creates a 3 hd model and then it gets snapped

on to the model the company was already doing and is happening every day on an automated fashion due to the re-charging stations. you're the client. you want to know what's going on with the construction site? you can drive there and watch on the cloud, watch your building snap and building up digitally, digitized perfectly aligned. there's no b.s. you've gotten ground truth or air truth. and that's a $300 continuer doing that mapping. just imagine what's going to happen in the next 25 years. >> that's on c-span. on c-span 2 it's taking a look at three best sellers with book and thomas piketty.

that's on c-span two. book tv sat down with hillary clinton in little rock to discuss her new book, "hard choices." >> getting to the point where you can make peace is never easy. because you don't make peace with your friends. you do it with your adversaries, those who have illed your own people or those you are affected by. it's a psychological drama. you have to get into the heads of those on the other side, because you have to change their calculations enough. talk about what we did in iran. we have to put a lot of economic pressure to get them to the table. and we will see what happens. that will be the first step. what we did in pakistan. try to get them to the table for a discussion. well, in iraq today, i think

what we have to understand is that it is primarily a political problem that has to be addressed. the ascension of the sunni extremist, the isis group is taking advantage of the breakdown in political dialogue and the total lack of trust between the maliki government, the sunni leaders and the kurdish leaders. >> more with hillary clinton saturday at 7:00 p.m. eastern and sunday morning at 9:15 on c-span 2's book tv. >> former homeland security secretary and university of alifornia system janet napolitano talked about the education system and joined others with the commission of the states. it's an hour and 15 minutes.

-- the national forum on education. education commission of the states. >> good afternoon. education the annual forum. i'm jeremy anderson. it is such an honor to have so many of you with us today in washington, d.c. looking at the room and how the attendance has grown, it's great to know that we have a registration today that is our second highest in the last decade and shows the growth from all of you. over the next three days our conversations and dialogue are going to be covered with education policy and what we can do best for the states. and that's the very nature of what this brings to you. i urge you to take advantage of the many education people that

are here. governors, lieutenant governors. board members. teachers of the year. so that we together can share the education policies that can help us most in the states that we serve. the real value added that you will receive from e.c.s. is not just in the analysis and things we do for you every day but what you do to educate us to serve your state. so i hope over the next three days you will be sure to engage any of the e.c.s. staff or committee on how we can better be in your state on your issues or providing research to you. it's also a privilege for me to be able to introduce the e.c.s. chair govern sandoval in the middle of a two-year term serving us, and has done a tremendous job in help lead e.c.s. and help precipitate the growth we are seeing. so help me in welcoming

governor sandoval. [applause] >> good afternoon everyone. thank you, jeremy for the kind introduction. this is my first time that i will have the ability to chair this national forum. and i have the distinct privilege and honor of serving our governor from colorado. big hand for john. [applause] but really heartening to see the turnout and have practically a standing room only for this first part of our meeting today. i know, like you, i'm dedicated to interrogatory education in the tate of nevada to make it the best it can possibly, but and together we can make this the strongest educational system in the united states of america. this room holds the best education policy minds and experts in the country. and that's powerful.

the e.c.s. national forum is your meeting. since 1965 e.c.s. has convened leaders to share ideas and best practices across state lines to benefit all of our students. and as usual, you will find a variety of sessions. and you will see as you look through your booklet, there's such great diversity in what you can learn and pick up here through this year. i think through this we can develop a shared understanding about issues that can help us move forward together. the breakout sessions. another very important opportunity for all of you to participate in. it will allow you to dig deeper in the issues that are particularly important to you and your state and also afford you the opportunity to meet like minded people and get answers from the experts. round tables, another way to

quickly learn more about an interesting topic you care deeply about. and finally the receptions. i know you all love receptions but we're sitting here at various tables but at the receptions you will have an opportunity to chat with experts from around the country and have an opportunity to have an intimate conversation with them so today i'm pleased to be here and look forward to have this opportunity to meet you and take back best practices and ideas to the great state of nevada. i truly hope you enjoy this first session. you're going to get a lot out of it. thank you very much. >> thank you very much governor sandoval. and now it's my pleasure to introduce our first speaker for this session. it will be our first ted style talks, we call them ted

because they are short, powerful talks on one key issue, and we are very lucky today to have an expert in kind of the perspective of what people across the country are thinking on educational policy. brandon is the executive director of the gallop education group and focuses on the educational outcomes that matter most. he will share some views on education reform and why he thinks policymakers like you should care. i can't wait to hear what brandon has to say. please join me in welcoming him to the stage. [applause] >> so this is a real privilege for me, because it turns out that one of my heroes is former governor terry stanford. who was also the president of duke university. i'm a proud graduate of the

sanford school of public policy and as i was studying up on the history of e.c.s. i learned he was one of the founding governors who started all this a half century ago and it's amazing to see some of the quotes that he had back then 50 years ago, because you could use probably half the things he said during the opening meeting today, and they would still be relevant. in fact one of the things he commented on. this was 1965 keep in mind is that no one fully comp hernandez the potential of educational television and four years later sesame street launched. we have always been talking about technology and education. and i just want to start by grounding us all in this conversation before i share a whirlwind of research gallup has gone over the past 1 1/2 years and start by asking everybody in the room a question. i want you think about the best teacher that you've ever had.

gallup asked americans this as one of our daily polling questions a few years ago and provided a prompt. then we said put that person's name in your head. think about the best teacher you ever had. put their name your head and at the count of three i'd like you to all say that name out loud. one, two, three. >> almay blunt. then we asked them an open-ended question, which we rarely do on the poll and said what was it that made that person your best teacher? now, this word is probably in your head right now, because it was the most commonly-used word that americans used to describe their best teacher. any guesses of what that word was? >> i heard a couple people say it. it's care. now, i just want to pause on this. just ask a couple simple

questions. how are we measuring care in school today? right? maybe what schools need is common care. [laughter] [applause] so let me transition this to what might be the most two important to knicks our country today. education and the economy. hard to argue that there's two things that we care about and find more precious than those two things and we're worried about both of them now for a very good reason. and i might suggest to you that we can fix both of them or improv both of them if we think about both of them as linked systems which we're really not doing right now. so if we're very honest critics, think about our 12-k system and employers at large. and the visual that probably

bests describes them today are cassals with motes between them. and what they really ought to be if we are going to do this right, the better visual might be the olympic rings that we have a coherent system where this is all actually working together. dare i say talking to one another about the needs, etc. this is our pipeline of what makes our country great. and we need to figure it out. you will recall the famous quip james car vel made about it's the economy, stupid. i actually think this new phrase will be something that i would submit right now we're looking at our educational system through a deficit-based lens. and the outcome measures we're using that we are thinking of as ultimate outcomes are intermediate measures at best. we even use words like trosme

talk about the noverts in this work, right? education reformers. if you look up that word in the dictionary, it's a pretty ugly word. how many of you want to be reformed? raise your hand high. please. we use the word remedial to describe courses we put students in. how many of you want to be part of a remedial course? maybe an accelerate but not remediation. so i think we need to shift our thinking on focusing on what's wrong with stuentsd how ineffective teachers are and think about what we are measuring. if you graduate and don't get a good job, is that what we are looking for? this is what we know about student engagement. by he gallup education -- the way this is a poll every school in america can take advantage of free in october. if your districts are not using

it, it measures student hope, engagement whimsical being. this is what we know about student engage meant that school. the longer they are in school, the less engaged they are. n elementary school 76% are in 61% for junior high and 44% in hoing. any idea why it plateaus during a certain year? because it's the year most students drop out. if we were doing it right, the line would be going in the opposite direction. since dr. stanford opened up this in 1965, confidence has dropped in half and it's probably not getting better anytime soon if we don't fix some of these challenges we have in front of us. i think a lot of us appreciate the con crept that at the time in history where our rate in knowledge is expanding the cost is trending towards free.

this is something you're going to hear about tomorrow and wick media and google are examples. note i didn't say the cost of a degree is trending lower, that's going in the opposite direction. -- that we're never going to compete again on what we know. it's how we apply that knowledge that will determine how we distinguish our kids and country. we asked this from three different audiences in three different studies we did this year. we asked chief academic officers whether they felt confident they were preparing students for the world in success. 6% are confident or somewhat confident they are doing it well. then we asked college students and they had a different opinion. 14% strongly agree. then we asked business leaders,

c-level executives from countries around the country and it's worse. only 11% strongly agree that the college graduates they see have the skills and experience they need. now, when you look at this. i don't know how you explain it. it's just impossible for me to get over the fact that we have such a broken linkage between these things. and i don't know where the truth lies. even if it's in the middle it's still something we shouldn't tolerate. we always worry about how the country is doing on standardized test scores and then the entrepreneurialship. turns out there's a negative correlation. so on a panel last year with the ambassador from singapore, he was there to talk about how singapore has become number one in the world on standardized testing. the first thing was about how they are worried about entrepnal energy in their

country. we be as - should concerned as we are and should this be one of the only ways of measuring what we are doing? definitely not. it turns out when we look at educational outcomes we are using only a handful of measures to get at this. on the left-hand side are inputs which show the rankings used for colleges and universities in this country. it's mainly used on inputs. the s.a.t. scores or a.c.t. scores on the incoming side of it. no one's really measuring the learning growth. we honestly have no idea from that perspective which are the greatest colleges and universities. we're using important measures. believe me. these are all necessary but

insufficient. in the last 30 years g.p.a. has gone up 1.1 points. so if you graduated 30 years ago with a 2.3 i would like to congratulate you it's really a 3.4. a lot of you laughing about that tells me what your g.p.a. was and how old you are. so then we throw a wrinkle into this. i'll give you a finding that's now in 23 pub lyriced studies that hope is a stronger predictor -- think about that. because the question i always get is did you say snope it's usually someone in the back of the room you say it's one's ideas and energies for the future. by the way, we can relyably measure a construct like hope and things like grit and other things we thought we couldn't measure. so here's a question. what's the ultimate outcome in education? is it a high g.p.a. and high

test score and high graduation straight in those are important intermediate measures but there's something we all talk about. we talk about great lives and careers and knowledge in the service of society. we talk about a lot of profound things yet we're barely measuring any of it. and gallup has an interesting way to measure this. one is what we call well-being. this started in the 1930's with george gallup. we started studies to try to look at this. and it really kind of went on turbocharge when we launched the world poll. so we have been measuring 98% of the world's population and well-being and here's what i want to tell you. 2450es are not just soft measures that sound like nice things for us to keep account of. they are actually very hard predictors of key performance indicators.

one example. health care cost burden. may be bankrupting our country right now. $2.7 trillion health care tab. if you have an employee that's -- we on -- they have don't have to get employees thriving on all five. one, two, three, four, all of those drop health care cost burdens implemently. we also measure what we call workplace engagement. the reason why we really care about sit we found a handful of -- that are predicters i'll point out a couple of interesting ones. you say you have someone who cares about your development. there's that funny word care showing up in the workplace. we also know it's important to for people to say at some point in the day they get to do what they are best at every day. this is a true statement for

students as well and to know there's someone who encourages your development. this is a common poll i want -- here's why workplace matters. lower absenteism and higher profit, rev knew, whatever we tested this against. these are hard measures we ought to be paying teefpblgts and back to that deficit-based approach and lens we think about when talking about teachers and schools. let me explain what i am talking about. engaged are the employees that are driving our economy forward. they show up with energy. if you tell them to clock in at 8:00, they are there at 7:30. actively engaged. has anybody ever seen the movie "office space"? these people are so miserable that they take their misery with them everywhere they go so

if you have a great idea i'll come sit with you until that idea goes away. that's what we mean by an actively engaged employee. if you have a manager who ignores you entirely, there's virtuely no chance you're engaged as an employee. here's the huge improvement. if you have a manager that does nothing but harp on your weaknesses and give you feedback on what you can do better. engagement goes through the roof reallyive to being ignored but you can see there's a large portion who are actively disengaged. if you have a manager who focuses on what you do best and tries to get you in a role where you do that at least once a day but you have to be able to say at least once a day a chance to do what you're best at, there's virtually no chance you're actively disengaged. so let me share with you two massive reports we've done in

the last 90 days. in it we found only about 33% of our students are success-ready that they had high scores on hope, engagement and well-being so like our standardized testing scores we've got work to do on this as well. it turns out there's interesting data done on the entrepreneurial -- in our schools. almost half of our students between fifth and 12th grade say they plan to start their own businesses one day. think of the things bottled up in them? they are not getting practice reps because less than 57 are interning with a business and less than 3% are running their own business be it a lemonade stand or whatever it is and only -- here's a news flash. schools, colleges and universities generally don't have internships and jobs to

offer aside from a work study opportunity. if we're going to improv this it has to be because customers of all sizes and types come to the aid of local schools and yurets and start to think about how they can offer more for these internships whether they are paid or unpaid. here's news i can share with you. teachers of all professionalses in the united states are the least likely to say that their opinion at work counts. they are also the least likely of all professions behind truck drivers, coal miners and everybody else on saying their supervisor creates an open and trusting environment. what the hell are we doing, america? if we don't fix teacher engage meant that schools, how are we ever going to move the needle on student engagement? [applause] i mean, we should all be

ashamed of ourselves for letting this happen. right? i'm ashamed. all of us have the opportunity to own answers to this problem. it's not that difficult. it doesn't cost billions of dollars to fix this. i'm not going to say it's easy to fix. but it's not an expensive fix. so in schools that have super high teaching engagement, it's what the teachers principals do. in the last six months they have talked to them about the progress they have made and that they make them feel like their opinion at work counts. this is a change in what we value and a change in how we lead not a change in how many billions of dollars we have to pump into the system for new buildings and other things that may not really november needle on naget. we found a needle in the haystack. it's special when you find a three or four x finding, if

you're a student that's strongly agreed to two questions. you're 30 times more engaged that is if you believe your school is focused on building the strength of each student and then you have a teacher who makes you excited about the future. i know there's a lot of teachers of the year in the room. you can't imagine how powerful your impact is. you really can't. a teacher who makes you excited about the future. if we do that, we can change everything about engage meant that school. it turns out that we we have learned about the kinds of curriculum. he things we teach matters and the things we teach in school, this was the study of 18-35-year-olds, it looks like real work. there were two items it sorted in this study -- being more likely to be a young professional in the united states that was that you worked

on a long-term project that took more than a few classes to complete and that you applied what you were learning to solve a real problem in the community or the world. think about how stimp that is. those two things just popped out. if you said strongly free to those two things, twice as likely to be successful as a young professional and if you also said your teachers cared about your problems and feelings and encouraged your hopes and dreams, you are more likely to have experienced those two things. so again, this idea of care and support, these fluffy little words that we think don't matter as much matter a lot. so let's just turn to higher education. demand for higher education is still high. many -- where the majority still do not have a college degree. we also know that a whole bunch of americans, adult americans are thinking about going back

for a certificate or degree. but here's what's in question. sexual assault in question. because when we ask america to grade itself compared to itself or others in the past the numbers don't look so good, this is crazy, because when you look at international rankings, the u.s. has 90% of them on the list but americans aren't feeling it and only -- provide a quality degree. here's the point that none of us can miss. no one is going to college anymore to get a degree. what are they going to college for? to get a good job. and if we lose sight of that fact we're in big trouble because if you ask the population that's the number one reason you -- they say they should get a degree and the number one reason so get a job if you ask parents of fifth through 12th graders it's the same and if we ask the bharntse

they think is the best path the number one answer is career and technical training and two comes in at no college at all followed bay liberal arts degree. we will find other pathways to good jobs in our educational system doesn't figure out how to improv on this. so let me find out -- wrap up with college graduates. this was a study we reported about 60 days ago. 30,000 college graduates in the united states. and we were measuring the degree to which they were engaged in their work. the measures i described briefly a few minutes ago and thriving in their well-being. yes, we looked at how much money they make and what their salary was and how much money they make -- in fact that's one of the only real findings we have as a country on the long-term benefits of college. there's a trick though i don't know many whose admissions --

they talk about other things. they talk about career well-being and having happy, successful lives. so this is what we measured in this study and here's what we learned. first of all, this was the first surprise. that it makes no difference by type of institutions where you went. public versus private, not a single percentage point tchavent you're -- we cut it a little further. that's a pretty broad distinction. we looked at -- no difference between highly selective and everybody else. 100-ranked in p- world news and report. no dips. but how you do college makes a huge difference. if you were a college graduate who was what we call emotionally supported, it doubled your odds of being engaged in work, and you were three times as likely to be thriving in your well-being and

ask yourselves these statements, do you strongly agree to each of these statements? you had at least one professor who made you excited about learning and the professors at your alma mater cared about you as a person and then you had a mentor who encouraged your hopes and dreams. how many of you say strongly agree to all three of those questions? raise your hand high. do you know what percentage strongly agreed to all three? 14%. 14%. by the way, about half the room here raised your hand. you got lucky. you took advantage of your education. perhaps in different ways that others didn't. we also found three other items about deep learning and experiences. these also doubled your odds of -- they have a slight fleap well-being. not nearly as powerful ads the

emotional support items but they were the following that you worked on a long-term project that took a semester or more to complete. sounds similar lahr to the findings i showed you on a few slides ago. two, that you were involved in an internship and three that you were strongly involved in an extracurricular activity. about 30% of the audience raised their hands. guess what percentage in the u.s. strongly agree? 6%. we have to be doing a better job. when we do this right, it has a rofound affect on our life and career trajectory. but it's happening for so tew of us that it's almost embarrassing. so let me just wrap up. we need to stop focusing all of our time and attention on what's wrong and start figuring out what's strong with our students and teachers and

schools. we need to figure out how we value more pathways to success because i will tell you right now our children with entrepreneurial -- were probably more likely to diagnosis that kid with attention definite disorder than we are to think of them as the next mark zuckerberg, and i'm only half joking about this. because i'm wondering to what degree we are thinking about that as a talent and embrace and support that in our schools. we're real good at figuring out i.q. and athletic talents. we need to make sure we are paying attention to all talents and embracing them and get out of the mode to where almost 100% of how we evaluate teachers stuentsd is by standardized testing. they are important and necessary but we have all our eggs in that basket. and we need to figure out how to build engagement systems

within them. that's the change we need to make real fast. and i think this becomes real simple. that if you say i want to improv student engagement, there's only really one answer to that. there's not even a close second place. it's to improv the engagement of teachers. and then if you want to know what's the number one driver of that? it's a simple answer too. it's a great principal or college president that drives that forward. when i was a duke student, i never had that opportunity to meet terry stanford. he passed away my sophomore year. they didn't call him mr. -- they called him you think taxpayery. he would hang out with the students. this was a guy that cared and mentored in spades and he is fame us for it to this day. it's still part of the ethos at duke. there are districts that have figured this out too. montgomery county and josh

starr, they are measuring the engage of all the sthuents show up in their buildings and teacher and staff engagement from bus drivers and lunch ladies and everybody in between and working with those principals in those buildings to think about how they can ovember needle on those. we can do this. i want everybody to try to commit themselves to try to help us build the world's reatest educonomy. it might look like states focused on engagement systems not just accountability systems. it might mean a superintendent having a goal to become the silicon valley 06 great principals for their district. it means schools focused on what's strong about students and making sure they have someone who encourages their development and makes them excited about their future and cares about them as a person. it might mean all of us, even

adults learning and doing every day, because it's the application of that, that is going to matter so much. it might mean 100% of our students having an internship or some work experience, because 100% of our employers niche to make it happen. it might also mean that mentor duty becomes the new jury duty. and i hope more than anything it becomes the case where teaching becomes the most valued floffings america. thank you very much. [applause] >> brandon, thank you. i think we ought to give him another big, big hand. that was extraordinary. [applause]

>> and if any of you like me are interested in getting that power point brandon has agreed to make that available. i think we can all take it home and use it. as the governor we use the public's insight when we make policy decisions. for example, you will see common words used in 2014, state of the state addresses by me and my fellow governors. and i think we've got a word cloud that's going to be going up pretty soon. but e.c.s. tracks all of our state of the state addresses and does visual demonstrates that we care about issues across the education spectrum from early learning to post secondary. this is the type of analysis that makes e.c.s. special. and speaking of governors, i want to make an introduction to the chair elect. steve volek.

steve, would you please stand. [applause] i'm very excited about working with the governor, and i think you will all see that he is a true leader. both in his state and nationally wrrd to educational policy. that's what is great about this organization you will see governors, governors staff, chief state school officers, higher education officials, teachers, education researchers and business leaders all in one room. i hope you take advantage of this opportunity and really use these next few days to introduce yourself to others and to collaborate. so now, it is truly my pleasure to introduce our next session. this next session will discuss how we can control costs in higher education, improv fiscal transparency and create meaningful accountability systems. we have three amazing panelists

today. i'd like to first introduce janet napolitano. where are you, madam secretary? there she is. she currently serves as the president of the university of california. a system with 10 campuses and five medical centers. she previously served as the secretary of homeland security between 2009 and 2013 and governor of arizona from 2003-2009 thank you. [applause] >> just from a point of personal experience i still call her madam secretary. it really was a great amazement and experience for me to be able to work with her and truly a leader in the country during some very, very difficult times. our next panelist jim gehringer was the governor of wyoming from 1995-2003 and served as the chair of e.c.s. between

1999-2000. during his term as governor he helped create western governors university anline competency-based university. since 2005 he has served as their chair of board of trustees. governor. [applause] >> and william brit cohen has been the chancellor of the university of maryland system since 2002. he recently announced he will retire after 50 years. in higher education. prior to his current position he served as president of both the ohio state university. and i know how the say that, because i'm a proud graduate of the ohio state university and the university of maryland college park. if you will please help me in bringing up the chancellor, william brit cruen.

[applause] jeremy anderson is going to moderate the session. i'm looking forward to another fabulous discussion. thank you very much. >> thank you so much governor sandoval. and i want to thank all of you for joining us on the panel here today. we're going to talk about some of the tough issues affecting higher ed and some of the opportunities you as leaders see. tow past decade higher education in america has truly evolved. evolved from serving elite students at highly elective research institutions to bag universal system focused on providing access to and serving a wide range of students. that transition happens while we have the convergence of economic demands and investment in higher education and things changing the way each of your tints does business so i'd like to start by asking each of you to highlight the one or two key

issues you see affecting higher education today. janet napolitano i'll start with you. >> two. they are interrelated. one is that we need to do a much better job of talking about planing and demonstrating quality ad of a higher education and what it does in terms of social mobility and also in terms of adding to the basic research, the knowledge available for an innovation-based economy. and second interrelated one is improving the level of public support for our great public, particularly our public land grant universities which really form the foundation of a large part of the united states economic growth post world war 2-. the -- post world war ii. the second will not come before

the first but both need to be done you are intelligently now. >> governor? >> i'm going to take off on the title of this session which is the few of higher education. i envisioned the higher education community in the future as being something that provides shorter time to degree. access regardless of time, place and pace. we would hold learning constant and let time vary rather than hold time constant and let time vary so the competency is the variable not the degree and in the outcome will track student success with the employer and society and the student engagement which is what we do significantly at governor's university. we mentors that contact every student a minimum of once per week. we have engagement. and we know it does work. so i see the future as being

flexible, hybrid, on demand and to contrast that with the business model we currently have in higher education which is not yielding a lot of financial accountability, we have a business model that's focused on faculty and courses rather than students engagement and outcome. so for instance, sam smith was on a review board that found out that the average ilization of -- the most popular scheduling times were between 2:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. for fact you will city and students yet we're in an age of technology. the ipad i'm holding is not technology. it represents access. so 24/7 availability. so it changes with the technology there to enable the type of entrepreneurism we see. what maryland has done with online and others, that type of

thing. community college. so that's what i would seyfert future to be sure we had the accountability we look for as well as the outcomes. >> doctor? well, when i this about the future of higher education. i think the thing that concerns me the most is the fact that we, in america, are losing our ability to educate our population. if you go back several decades, we led the world in the proportion of young adults with a college degree. now, we're very much middle of the pack. nd this has two very troubling consequences for the united states. first of all, we all know we are in an intensely-competitive, global economy. so the quality and education and innovation level of our workforce is is going to be everything. in america.

and so if we don't do a better job of preparing more and more people to enter that workforce, you have to worry about where we will be in terms of our standing and status as an i think there is a second very profound issue we need to think about. like it or not higher education goodeen the ticket to a job and high quality of life. it used to be that way. there were plenty of good jobs decades ago for someone with a high school degree. that is not the case anymore. that is the world we live in. the difference in income between someone with a college degree and high school degree keeps widening. it is over $1 million now in a lifetime.