in 1968, a little bit past 40 years, in the bible, they call that a generation. the reality is we have to be realistic when we are expecting change. just because we start talking about it and mentioning it does not mean it is going to happen overnight. there is a reason god allowed the children of israel for 40 years to walk in the desert to get the old man -- land of slavery out before they get to the new land of promise without the issues of slavery on them. we still have the remnants of the donald sterlings. but i do not want us to miss the bigger point. that is 40 years -- we say it is not a big thing, but it is humongous. i have seen african-americans who cried because they do not think it would be possible in their lifetime of having an african-american president, and

that happened. and we focus on this one dude donald sterling all we want. but we can look at what we accomplish when we all come together as one. that is what i think we should do. that is my closing comment. [applause] >> roland will close us out with a final thought. >> i sat on the set of cnn that night then when i was shedding tears, folks asked me why. i said it is not because of this election. i did not do it because i saw him. i saw the u.s. soldiers who were hanging from trees and lynched in their uniforms. that was the image they came to my mind. but what ties in with sports is that i recognize that the inauguration parade is over. and if you have not read dr. king's "chaos or community," you

should. what we are talking about today, he wrote in 1967 when we were grappling with riots across the country. he said it did not cost america much to allow us to sit at the same lunch counter or to be in the same hotel. he said now the question is the real cost is about to be tabulated, and is america prepared to write that check? he put that whole thing down in terms of where we are and in terms of society. when i look at opportunity, when i look at the idea of sports and how race connects, what each and every single one of you should do some thing reverend jackson often talks about -- he said, the reason african-americans have been able to achieve a level of success in sports and entertainment is because in

sports, if it is basketball, the court is 94 feet for everybody. it is 10 feet high for everybody. shot clock is the same. fouls are the same. everything is the same. so when you go play, your talent will determine whether you succeed or not. it was undeniable that kareem, working on his game, was going to achieve a level of success, because in the game of sports, you can perform or you cannot perform. you have the talent or you do not. same with michael. it does not matter. but the real question that you should be challenging people in your city and your corporate citizens and your schools and everyone else is to say -- why is it that in sports the rules are the same and we can measure success, but then off the court,

off the field, it goes from objective to subjective? all of the sudden, your talent does not define whether or not you will become an all-star. what somebody else is thinking defines that. so when i am looking at the folks who are ceo's -- not just, my goodness, we have several african-american ceo's, but i am looking at how many black board members they have or hispanic board members they have. what we are still seeing in this country is an inequity in terms of folks at the top and the bottom. there is still not an african-american who is a prime time host of a cable news network with a black man in the white house, and that is a problem for me. what happens is we praise sports because our sports figures worked on their game and achieved success because they said if you run faster, throw longer, if you can shoot better and rebound better, it means you are going to succeed. we should have the exact same

attitude in the rest of our society. and when that happens can we make it the point that we preach all the time, we will see the inequality gap closing. you look at average incomes, and you will must see these sub crime -- subprime loans. you will not see what you have seen and the home foreclosure crisis. it will take two generations to get just that money back. when we have that attitude about life, as we do about sports, then we're going to see it. i would be remiss to his a we the exact same attitude when it comes to our sports teams for mayors out there building new arenas for owners and you want them to win championships. would you should be saying when it comes to the education of our children, whether it is food choice or education reform, i

want to make sure we had the same kind of access. if you want to win a championship in football, you sure as hell better win championships in educating our children. [applause] >> sports is leading the way to it we have five owners in sports. and seven of five of the top companies do not have any african-americans on their board. less than 2%. >> google does not, facebook does not. >> i was not going to name them, but he did. >> i name everybody. >> he's right. in sports, we have such a major amount of guys on the field. that is why we get a chance to talk about these things and hopefully change all the things we need to change. that these discussions are important. >> before i let them go, it is an honor to give the president's award to kareem abdul-jabbar and

his foundation for all of the outstanding work he is doing around the country. [applause] let's give a round of applause for all of our panelists. [applause] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] ♪

-- >> business owners and policymakers gathered to discuss cannabis. it has been illegal in colorado for 18 months. -- legal in colorado for 18 months. >> historical background and is pretty healthy. to put that in perspective, vanderbilt is in our peer group. harvard which represents the pinnacle of the nation's endowment is at $34 billion and they have a campaign going on right now. if we are going to aspire to have that type of excellence,

those types of facilities to reduce that, we have to have that type of investment. it is my responsibility after the 17th president responsible when he or she is named to go out and show that we expand. >> howard's university interim resident on the challenges facing comfortably black university -- predominately black university. at the current debate over u.s. immigration policy. from "washington journal," this is one hour p bank -- one hour. for the next hour we'll be talking about the issue of immigration and we are asking the question is immigration helpful or harmful to the united states? we want to focus the conversation around the question. we will go ahead and put up the phone lines.

and finally, we want to hear from you u.s. citizens. -- new u.s. citizens joining us to frame the conversation, daniel stein and benjamin johnson. mr. johnson, is immigration helpful, harmful, somewhere in between for america? guest: it has always been very helpful, a critical part of who we are as a nation. it is a resource that has served of new, the arrival people bringing a new sense and vitality of what aims to be an berican -- what it means to an american. it has been a huge asset. i will concede over the last 25 or 30 years it has been an asset we have not managed well, but

that, i think, is really the point of congress trying to fix this law. we have to do a better job of managing this valuable resource. host: daniel stein. guest: immigration is an idea that in the abstract sounds wonderful. we love the idea of immigration, we love america more. for the last 35 or 40 years we have had the highest sustained levels of immigration in our history by a longshot, and we see increased overcrowding, congestion, structural unemployment, a disappearing middle class, we have lost our edge with the rest of the world. because we have an immigration flow every snowflake in a blizzard pleads not guilty. you have too many people with less skills, less education. our immigration flows need to be much lower.

maybe 300,000ion, a year based on a merit system based on skills, english language ability -- we can not the the home of last resort for everyone who wants to move to a country where they think they're going to be better off. guest: benjamin johnson -- host: benjamin johnson? guest: other than every dark in our history, we have immigration flows that are consistent with what they have always been, a share of our population. this has always been a good thing. we have mismanaged it. again, i do not think anyone who has experienced an opportunity to work with immigrants, who has been around immigration system, sees the vitality of a diverse workforce that we have in the united states can walk away thinking anything other than this is a really good in, a

blessing that the united states has that there are people trying to get your trying to be part of the american experience in the american dream. we have to promote that. it is not a time to run away from it. these artificial quotas, what we need is an immigration system that responds better to legitimate demand. we spent so much time and money trying to control the supply and we do not know where the legitimate demand for immigration is, the demand for immigrants to join families or our workforce. we have to do that the right way. host: what is the annual legal limit? >> for workers --guest: for workers it is 140,000 workers. about 220,000t is four those getting reunited with families. it has been that way since the 1990's and every other aspect of

and we have the same immigration numbers we have since cell phones were the size of our shoes. legal immigration is running over one million a year. regiment left out certain cap -- benjamin left out certain categories. is still too high to effectively administer and manage one of the reasons why the american people are getting more and more upset about the out-of-control flow is there is a mismatch between the country's needs and the flow and size of immigration. you see, for example, the lowest native-born labor precipitation rates in decades. employers prefer to recruit foreign labor.

you have had a marginalization of a disappearing in a class. there is no viable economic model for the united states for americans with less than a college education, two years of college. we do not know how they will live the american dream. to artificially inflate the supply of less skilled labor to immigration is to shift onto the taxpayer the cost for this labor subsidy for employers. 30 years ago we had some of the best school systems in the world -- california, fairfax, county -- fairfax county, virginia. we have seen an impact on public education, welfare, dependency ratios, food stamp use. it goes on and on and the reason is we are in meeting people not because of what they know but who they know. are will be the 50th anniversary of the 1965 act, and

while it was noble to equalize where people could come from, the structure is often uncontrolled cutaways of immigration that the american people can no longer control. host: let's get some calls in. sean. kansas city. democrat. caller: how are you doing? i think immigration, as long as they do it legally, i agree with it, but the way they come here illegally, raking laws -- breaking laws -- americans have follow laws. they are terra tell isaac -- they characterize everything. they only hire their people. just like the mexican soccer games -- they are cheering for

mexico and wanting america to lose. you are in america. you should want us to win. the majority of the money they make they send back to their country. less, doingre or this for the country, by using our resources. host: we got the point, sean. benjamin johnson? everyone can agree that the preferences for immigration to be legal and not illegal. the reason many of us are asking for immigration reform is so that we and you deal immigration as we know it. the problem is we do not have channels. we are educating americans at a rate that ought to be better, but nonetheless americans are getting older and better educated every year at least the americans moving out of the job, jobsill spectrum that require less than six months of training or only a high school degree, and

immigrants are coming into those workforces. i understand that could be shocking for certain communities that see immigrants for the first time in 100 years, but the truth is these folks want to be part of these communities. they have done a lot. they have traveled a long way. wes is no different than celebrate st. patrick's day. this fear that immigrants do not want to be part of the country because they feel a connection to home is just wrong. be, is where they want to where their fortunes are, and the overwhelming majority of immigrants and tend to be part of this country. host: barbara. republican line. go ahead. i'mt: -- caller: originally from the u k and i became a proud citizen in 1978 and my sister became a citizen on the 16th of june this year, and i attended the ceremony. there were 97 other people

there. it was fabulous. i would like to say being a legal immigrant these days, people omit the word legal and they think immigrants. you are so proud to become american when you do that there is nothing else like it. even when i joined the military and spent 28 years, i was never more proud than i was when i became a citizen. today, with all of the illegal immigration, it is really thatng a downer on people people used to admire and welcome immigrants. now with the illegal immigration going on, people think oh, no, immigrants. i am a proud american. so is my sister. we love this country, and when we choose to become americans, it is the most proud moment of our lives. host: thank you. daniel stein?

guest: congratulations. it is great to hear your story. it is something we want to encourage -- immigration and naturalization, a continued part with the a simulation focus takes place between first coming in and taking the oath of allegiance. for many immigrants that follow the rules, seen the breakdown of the legality of our system, the nature of it, how increasingly we have an administration that wants to reward lawbreakers, those that jump the line, jump the queue. many people want to come to the country because they think it works, that if you play by the rules and work hard you have a chance of prospering in the the the american dream. the amnesty bill in congress continues to send a message that america does not work that way. if you jump the line, jump ahead of the queue, you will get

ahead, and that is antithetical to basic core fairness, and we all believed to what the square deal is in this country, it is making people upset. processthe procedural that has been built and demanded by the aclu and other advocates that is on wielding, unmanageable, and costly. for the taxpayer to pay for the procedural process of hearings and appeals and delays that these organizations want has proven to be something unworkable. you have delays, backlogs -- when these children are being brought in by the administration and dust all over, they will have an opportunity -- bust all over, they will have an opportunity. immigration is a benefit, something bestowed by the american people. it is no different than any other public and at that it is a simple matter. the idea that there has to be almost a criminal trial to the

deportation process which is so elaborate and expensive just because someone says they do not want to go home is proving to be unworkable. host: bill. myrtle beach, south carolina. independent line. thank you very much in thank you for c-span. this is a resort area. in our area, the president of the chamber of commerce just went to washington and requested visa people, young russian children, chinese kids, and israelis brought in here -- they brought in 5000 in our area to take jobs that people in our area would love to have. hotel owners say they offer , but it0 an hour jobs never materializes when you check on the applications. are doingy what they

to us and they can get away with it. the chamber of commerce is as crooked as the day is long. we are under investigation for our president paying bribes to different politicians. how do we fight it? what do we do? host: thank you, bill, we will stop it there. mr. johnson, the increase in j visas. is a waya way --guest: for people to convince the american culture. it was designed as diplomacy, showing people what america is about. i think it has been enormously successful. i will not deny that there are issues related to enforcement in a lot of areas and some of the problems with that, contrary to what dan talked about earlier, we are spending all of our money on order offenses and 10 grounds on the ground -- boots on the

judges and you have making determinations about how immigration law is being used. i would say most resort areas have found that the young kids that used to turn out to work in those t-shirt shops and sandwich stores are not showing up in the same numbers. we have a lot bigger crowds and more businesses in those communities that we have ever had before, and there is a role for immigrant workers in those communities. with the local workers need to be doing is stepping up and having a conversation about the kinds of needs we have in our economy and how we can encourage more pay -- more young people to be engaged and how do we fill the gaps with the immigration system. amy. chicago. i than on the north side of chicago. let me tell you something. this country is going to help --

hell. we are being invaded. i'm an african-american woman. i voted for obama twice. this time i am voting republican. i want the tea party or anyone that could help us -- everyone that comes into my store is card, which is a foodstamp card. these illegal immigrants know how to gain the system -- game the system. host: we are being invaded, dan stein, she says. thet: what is going on border is akin to an invasion and many americans you when you have millions of people here illegally, something is not working. there seems to be political division because the democratic believeems to politically there is a benefit to immigration and they are

encouraging and providing benefits, drivers licenses and all kinds of things at the state level to reward and incentivize illegal immigration. we have to look at what has happened to teenaged unemployment. youth unemployment -- how young people are doing, millennial stash we stand here and say -- millennial's -- we say we need these visas. we have this alphabet soup of visas and americans are catching on and saying we are not seeing labor displayed. we have become a tiered society with subordination. immigration is being used to subordinate americans with less education. the funny thing is the structure of a law that was created that we are living under right now was part of the civil rights movement in the 1960's, and next year will be its 50th anniversary, but and then period of time, the population has

grown by about 60 million people and a lot of those people are substitutes for american workers. you know if they keep saying? americans are not good enough to -- not in the country good enough to work in manufacturing, high tech -- we need foreign workers in foreign students do everything. as a result, virtually all of the new jobs created since 2000 have gone to immigrants and since the recession and has been primarily the foreign born that have benefited. that is totally skewed and something is not working right. until leadership wakes up to the reality that the immigration --top to ds a top won restructuring, we will never put americans back to work. guest: other than your final comment, that we need to restructure immigration, i could not disagree more with your dark view. what are you are suggesting is the immigration population is

responsible for our health care problems, overcrowding, ed schools issue -- you have laid at the feet of immigrants the problem of every social ill. that is nonsense. those are complicated problems we have to address to the health care system, through the health care system. guest: do you want immigrants to sign up for health care? the senate,is not united to filibuster. those problems deserve a better response than it is all the immigrants fault. it does not comport with reality. host: go ahead. guest: if you look at the increase in our school-age population, it is almost entirely immigration and a lot of it illegal. your ability to provide quality public education depends on the yourty to do without infrastructure in anticipation of who will use those facilities. out-of-control immigration

overcrowd public schools, housing, infrastructure, and the affect exit impossible to deliver government services. virginia has almost no -- west virginia has almost no immigration, why are there problems in education there? guest: you're putting words in my mouth. does it mean we do not have the immigrant that creates the technological equivalent of the airplane and start big business? we have good folks coming in, but we have an aggregate that is not serving the public interest. on the border,on it is been proposed setting up camps in the countries from where these people came from. what is the solution to what is going on right now? guest: i'm originally from arizona. i know the border well.

what is happening is driven by a germanic uptick in violence from the northern -- a dramatic uptick in violence in the northern triangle. we have seen aharon the spike in violence. there has been a 350% increase in the murder of women and children in honduras alone. migration refugees, folks fleeing real violence and arriving at our borders, and it requires a multi pronged approach. nobody is asking that we open the doors and except everyone, but contrary to what dan said about a disregard for due process, americans ought to be proud that we treat people with decency, due process, and respect. i think the answer is we need to invest in judges and adjudicators to take a look at the facts of these cases, particular when you are talking about 10-year-old and well-heeled kids. let's look at what is going on -- 12-year-old kids. let's look at what they are

going through. if they are eligible for asylum, we should consider that, but they are not, we have to make sure the places we send them back to will not subject them to more violence and abuse. do the right thing, do not have a knee-jerk reaction based on fear and anger. host: we will give you a chance oath to duke it out at the end of the hour. this is "the new york times." calling from jacksonville, florida, jose, who is a new citizen. caller: good morning, sir. thank you for taking my call. host: how long have you been a citizen? caller: since 1997. host: what was the process like for you? caller: not difficult at all compared to what my father had to go through 32 years ago,

.eaving three kids in haiti i tell you what, that was a good investment, and i have heard respect for him that he sacrificed his life. a lot of haitians were coming from haiti. we have a different policy but my father sacrificed his life. we should not be afraid of immigration. immigrants are not a problem. our politics and our system is a problem. media is dividing this. these are two eloquent speakers, but you sit and listen to the views, you see why we are so confused, have so many problems. 32 years ago my father came here. 24 years ago he brought us here.

since then, i have been in the military, and i ran the highest -- i ranked the highest rank you can as an enlisted person. my sister has two bachelors degrees. my brother has a bachelors degree and a master's degree. i have two other sisters in college right now. what is the problem? we have seen sons and daughters of immigrants are against today's immigrants. host: just to put this out on the table, what is your view about you legal immigration -- illegal immigration? caller: we have a order. -- border. anyone who thinks we can fix the border -- it is a long border. good fences keep good neighbors -- but the thing is we can not police the border. we have a supply and demand that

relies on those so-called illegal immigrants. the producers in our country. we cannot produce things because of the stuff we put in food but we allow that food to come from overseas to feed our kids, but the things here are not being grown because there is nobody in the country willing to put the boots on the ground to work on these farms. host: thank you, josé. quick comment from each of you. dan stein. guest: i want to applaud your hard work. you are a success story. this country has undergone some of the greatest ethnic change in any country in world history and american should be proud of that, but the question becomes a matter of control and who decides. under a democratic society, the american people are supposed to be able to pass through congress laws and limits that are enforced, and the sense of

national self termination is key to the idea that we have a system that works. in today areoming effectively never going to leave , as all of the evidence from the last 35 years suggest is the case, and if they will be getting public benefits, ebt cards, public school, or health care, there is a resentment because the core base of consent has been violated. you will continue to see public education about the immigration issue grow in this country as long as there is a sense of the american people have lost having any say in who comes in, comedy comes in, and how we enforce the rules. -- who comes in and how we enforce the rules. guest: i think the caller is right -- succeeding, and moving up from the position you had when you first came here is the quintessential american story. the reason we have a legal immigration in the country --

illegal immigration in the country today, prior to the in 2008 of the economy we had two signs at the border -- one said help wanted and the other said keep out. we were creating jobs where americans were not as engaged as they had been in the past. thaty there are some jobs the american workforce is not interested in is not an insult. it is a fact that we are educating and encouraging kids to move up in the education spectrum. 10% of our labor force that has less than a high school diploma. in 1965 half of the u.s. workforce did not have a high school diploma. it is not a surprise to anyone that we had fewer americans participate in those areas of the economy, yet in the boom years those were the areas of the economy creating jobs. what we fail to do is create a way for those folks to come legally, and what they did, and for sure, is come around the

system instead of through the system. a new u.s. citizen we want to hear your story. --host: if you a new u.s. citizen, we want to hear your story. rich. go ahead. caller: what an interesting discussion. the statement about jobs -- not cleaning up jobs to cover illegal citizens coming in -- we started a party here with the dream act inviting people to our house and he keeps expanding. sooner or later when we go to 10 million, 100 million, we will have to say no. someone will have to be the bad guy. we made it worse with the tsunami from the dream act. come on in. as far as jobs for college students -- it might only be 10%, but if you are the student that cannot get the job because legal is coming in here or

because of a special visa, it is a different story. if your house, because you had to pay 10% or 20% more because of the expenses and you lose your house it is still personally and that thing. -- bad thing. if you are a lawyer, you will make a ton of money. i will hang up and hear your answers. host: mr. johnson. guest: immigrants have made important contributions all over the country. they are highly entrepreneurial. you see them starting businesses in detroit and its burden. those places -- pittsburgh. at those places set up offices to attract immigrants the community. need is for an immigration system that manages and maximizes the value of that flow. we have, over the last 35 years, abandoned immigration system. we have not updated the numbers, not made a concerted effort to align the value of our immigration system with the

needs of our economy and as a result we have the immigration system working against our economy instead of with our economy. thatnswer is to demand members of congress get to doing their jobs and regulate it -- regulate immigration system. and money notme just on building fences and police officers at the border, but time and money creating a smart immigration system that works for small and large communities across the country every -- country. guest: the people benefiting are the immigrants, the chamber of commerce, democratic party, immigration lawyers, big foundations of, and others who want to reengineer the electorate. who is not being consulted? the american people. we have outsourced jobs, yet we are running immigration program like it is 1910 and henry ford just opened up his first auto plant. continue tolous to

drive american workers underground and out of the labor market. anyone who is raising a child seeing how college graduates are struggling can see how the labor is skewing the market away from the american workers. there is not a single job that they say americans are able and willing to do. new citizen from glendale heights, illinois. from, and howu did you become a citizen? downave to turn the volume on your tv. we will have to move on to paul in north carolina. caller: yes, please let me finish my comments because where i live the whole demographic of our state has been changed as a result of this. there has been some positive, but some huge negative. the whole concept that americans

are not doing these jobs -- i come up through the 1970's, worked on farms my whole life. worked mystruction, way through college on the same types of jobs, put myself through school. now, that would be impossible. all of these jobs that they say americans will not do -- we stand construction sites that were poor whites and poor blacks. tell us one thing positive, and one inc. -- in your view about immigration and then one thing negative. caller: i am getting there. saysresult of everyone americans do not want to work these jobs, that is false for one thing. it is positive for those that have higher the immigrants because they have been able to mistreat these people, do

whatever is necessary to keep the cost down and everything else. and all of that have loved it because they can do these people any old way. usa net is a positive and negative, correct -- you are saying that is a positive and a negative, correct? the positive is people have contributed to the community in churches and that sort of thing. we are going to leave it there. i think we got his points. dan stein, any short,? isst: i think the caller pointing out network recruitment about where employers are grinding the face of the poor by recruiting illegal labor and a lot of the jobs that used to provide initial training for young american in how to learn how to work, the ethics of working, the habits of working,

are being taken away. the argument that young people do not want to do these jobs is really a false dilemma because in the end if the employers see the legal workers being willing to do that work they will prepare them, they are more exploitable, and for the american worker it will be a difficult thing socially. that is all we have seen in market after market. elites have this position, bring them all and, who cares about the rule of law, and the american people have a different view. shaw, glendale heights illinois are we are listening heard you are a new citizen. tell us where you're from and when you became a citizen? shaw, i'm sorry.

we try that twice. we will have to move on. .j. tweets in -- it's the attitude of waiting the mexican flag while earning the american flag -- after they get here, they don't give a dam about the usa. guest: who is earning in the american flag? the fact that some people wave the mexican flag during a soccer game -- the culture is not under threat when we wave irish flags italianatrick's day, or flags on columbus day -- it is a big part of who we are. i understand for some communities they have nothing immigrants for 100 years, but any of the communities that say there are all these changes going on, these dramatic new faces arriving -- there was another time when almost every new place in america, the same thing was happening -- then it was germans, the dutch, or the italians, or the irish. this experience of an influx of

new faces and cultures and new is not a new food, it new phenomenon. i actually think that in addition to developing an doigration policy we have to better about an integration policy. those communities need help sorting through what the arrival of those folks mean. i have no homes about us about us-- qualms thinking more creatively about how to address the immigration issue, but the idea that this is something we have to be afraid of in american culture is under threat -- it was wrong when benjamin franklin said it about the germans to under 50 years ago and it is wrong today. host: patricia. providence, rhode island. new citizen. where are you from originally? caller: good morning. i'm originally from columbia. host: when did you become a citizen? caller: i became a citizen in 2001. host: what was the process like for you? caller: it was difficult because

i came here legally but my visa was processed and ready to go. my papers were lost. i had to pay a lawyer $5,000 to find them. i finally got my papers and when my son was going to apply for citizenship, his papers were , so we had to go through the same process. immigration needs to reform. i have heard the story for many people. please go ahead. comment, theyan are blaming immigrants for all the damages in the country, but at the same time you are shipping jobs to china, india, everywhere, so is it immigration or a real plot against americans

by americans, which is what i for making products with no conditioning and the rules and regulations americans have to produce anything are overwhelmingly high. is that americans against americans or is it an immigration problem? host: patricia, we will have a guest respond to that, but when you look at what is happening at the border with texas and california with all of the kids, the people, the camps down there, what is your thought? caller: i think we see a humanitarian problem, mainly. it hurts to the bones for you to leave your country. i do not think anyone would leave their own country just because they want to come to america. they leave their country because of an overwhelming need for safety. i think that is what happens.

i do not understand why we do not think about policies to protect those people. i agree that there has to be laws, but at the same time, we have gone all the way to iraq to fight for the rights of those people at the same time that we are not thinking about the rights and humanitarian problem of the people coming here. is much less costly than going to those wars. host: thank you, ma'am. dan stein. guest: what you have here is a total conflict of visions between me and mr. johnson. problem,his as a labor increased immigration, accommodate the flow because more people want to come in, then we could really realistically afford. in our view we need less immigration and better controls. the people coming through the border from central america are responding to a series of policies this administration has

articulated -- the demands for the amnesty bill, the deferred action for childhood arrivals programs that was illegal and unconstitutional, the change in what are called dhs enforcement policies that basically says unless you're one of the few people, nobody goes home, and the talk of the additional executive action, young people here there is a vehicle for the trafficking act and parents will not be deported to take this opportunity to come to the country. to changes inpond singles on our fourth policy. to learnountry have how to do toward illegal behavior and encourage compliance with our law. unless your attitude is like the borders be open and let it be a market-driven system where we accommodate evil coming in -- people coming in, you have to

come up with creative ideas about what will bring about any full control. "new york times" this morning guest: somebody needs to go dagon immigration. on immigration. i would much rather have theress than administration, but in the absence of congress doing their job, the executive must do their job as best they can. there is an enormous amount of control and authority. the idea that he is serving congressional authority is nonsense. the executive branch is in the business of enforcing immigration law -- enforcement a any law has always involved question of priorities.

i think it is right for the administration to prioritize to ourthat are a danger communities first, and to focus energies on issues like drug cartels, smuggling rings, and gangs, before we worry about picking up people that take their kids to school. that is a smart use of resources. as to the issue of more immigration or not, the truth is i am not sure we need more immigration, for we need is for more of the immigration that is happening is to be legal, and we have to align the system with the realities of our economy today and once we have done that we ought to be able to look at immigration flows and make sure they match our economy. i am not asking anyone for more immigration than we are getting now. i am asking to regulate immigration flows in a legal way to avoid exploitation. e-mails in -- president obama is not bringing these children into the country,

but trying to modify loss to expedite deportation procedures. no eartholorado says right citizenship from now on -- it will cost the system more money over time than those people will ever get back in taxes in their lifetimes. james finally says all men are created equal, equal chairman of the law, liberty and justice for all. withinent contained these hollowed words celebrate our nations birthday. michelle. minneapolis. republican. you are on the air. immigration -- hurtful or helpful to the u.s.? caller: hi, c-span. i have been sitting here for 30 minutes listening to this and my head wants to explode. i do not know where to start. i think it is a little bit of both. i have no problem -- and what really frustrates me is people are talking -- people say republicans hate immigration, we

do not like illegal immigration. i am polish. my grandparents came from poland for god's sake. we came here legally. i have no problem with legal immigration. i want the system fixed. i resent people talking about comprehensive reform. look at what comprehensive reform did to our health care system. andthose of us that work get health care through our companies, it ruined my health care plan for somebody else. number one, take care of the borders. --ber two, employer id check make that mandatory. number three, entry exit. number four, worker visas for the low-end, for the farmers. i was raised on a farm. i understand.

we connect people who know anything about math in this country. fixing the system, we want to talk about comprehensive. as an american, i do not want to immigrantord illegal and citizenship in the same sentence. host: that is a lot of points. a quick response. mr. johnson. guest: what you outlined in terms of things that you identified have to be done sound like a comprehensive solution. the concept of copper insert immigration reform is recognizing that the components of the system work better what all of them are functional. you have identified the need for enforcement, the need for better worker flows, and the need for interior enforcement as well. those are the components of copper insert immigration reform that we are talking about. --are trying to say comprehensive immigration reform that we are talking about. you cannot expect to build a

fence unless the fence has an .ight -- a gate the concept is recognizing that you have to have the enforcement these right, and that is all we're doing right for the last 15 years. it is time to pay attention to workflows, family flows -- fix other aspect of the system that need to be reform. congress can walk and chew gum. the idea that they have to do this he smelled is silly -- piecemeal is silly. caller: --guest: it was an excellent call. when people say they do not have a problem with legal immigration, what they are saying it is great, but it needs to be limited. looking at the dome of the capitol, traditions going back to ancient rome that the legislature, which is the representative body of the american people, and under our constitution congress makes the rules in which people come to

this country, how many and what are the rules, the executive is the one that enforces these rules. now, if the executive board to deny the admission of an alien that is arguably eligible for admission under law, the aclu and the litigation bar was litigated to the supreme court, but because of the issue of legal standing, a rogue president that takes it upon himself to let 20 million illegal immigrants come into the country and give them work documents, no force or power in this country can stop it, and it does president takes it upon himself to start rewriting immigration laws without the consent of congress is a path toward tyranny, a president we do not want to see and we will oppose it with every thing we have. guest: the administration's job is to figure out how these laws are enforced. they admit people, decide who get denied every day. the president did not admit 20,000 people. the deferred action is a statement from the president

there is a group of people that is widespread, universal agreement -- these kids that came here, it is not fair and it is not right for them to be removed. guest: was it legal admission? he is not going to waste enforcement resources before he focuses resources on smuggling. guest: that is patently untrue. guest: you may disagree. that is on the question cap the authority. every law enforcement officer makes decisions every single day. guest: what do you want the president to do? guest: do i get to finish -- every law-enforcement officer gets to make the decision to point -- to arrest that person. some people get a speeding warning. i amet a pushing the president to fix what he can with our immigration system. guest: by not enforcing the law?

host: that will end the back-and-forth that we will go back to calls with shannon. independent line. caller: i have a couple of points to make. work with a lot of vietnamese. english,teach them help them study for their citizenship. that has beennds here since he was 5 -- his brother, who is now deceased, went through the process of died almost one month before he was due to come here with the family. so, the five-year process is

pretty much no one void. he has to start over. he has to get his brothers family here. the second thing i want to talk about is they need to do something about immigration legally to come here and make it easier. five years is extremely too long. you have something like that, it is traumatic, especially when they are all waiting for them to come. the second point that i would like to make is the breakdown of our education system here -- when i went to school, one i was younger, we had -- when i was younger, we had a trade shop, auto body shops, auto repair, woodworking. host: can you do all of those things? guest: yes, i can get --caller: yes, i can. it is creating an educational

treating -- teaching trades that are easily accessible without a college education. host: dan stein. guest: you are raising a number of issues, some of which are not immigration-related, but my contention is american people on who comes say and how many. then you quotas and get delays. on public education, in 1982, the supreme court said every kid here illegally has to go to public school and we taxpayers have to pay for it. that was not as big of an issue in 1982, but today you have millions of illegal children here, parents here illegally, and schools are overboard and try -- overburden trying to provide english as a second language. then the company's turnaround and say we are not teaching americans anything. you cannot be the last resort

for all the world's displeased and dispossessed. a country should do its homework, and the first duty of america is to take care of its own. twitter -- the legal immigration process is an asinine, convoluted mess. monti says immigrants come with healthy work habits badly needed in our he economy -- economy. yethaitians get a raw deal are so industrious here in the states. bob. independent -- indiana. democrat. we only have a few minutes left. caller: hello? yes. live 10 miles from elkhart, indiana, and the streets in elkhart, indiana, are lined with help wanted signs, and there are more illegal immigrants in

elkhart, host: does that bother you? caller: my other point is i think it's a shame that illegal immigrants get treated better in this country than our own veterans. true?is that what benefits does somebody who is here illegally get? guest: none. they're not eligible for welfare. their only eligible for emergency medical care. hospitals may be moral decision that of somebody shows up at their doorstep they won't ask for immigration status before they save their lives. any are not eligible for

public benefits. it is been that way for decades. that an earlier color said they have a knowledge of how to game the system. guest: they are not eligible for benefits. if you have a child that is a citizen, it is eligible for benefits and that does occur. we do look out for our own. mixed statusy families. i think we have a misconception of what undocumented immigrants are. citizen children or legal spouses. the system is fundamentally dysfunctional in terms of addressing their needs. host: his birthright citizenship important to maintain in your view? guest: that we would amend the constitution rather than fixing

the immigration system seems the height of absurdity. birthright citizenship is a egg problem. it needs to be corrected legislatively or updated to the modern world. illegal alien children's get public schooling. that is the greatest cost. a lot of that is public education. it is one thing to say that technically people might not be eligible, they get it. dates don't verify status. lobbyists have opposed the needed reforms to improve integration in verifying status for benefits. everybody knows the system is broken down. if we allow kids in our communities to grow up without an education -- host: landon is from richmond,

virginia. caller: this is america. when people come to america they have to think about being an american. if you are an immigrant here from anywhere else, you are here now. you made it and you follow the rules and you took care of things. i am a black man. i am in virginia. what happened in mississippi when you had like people going to vote in a white .an in a

they have got to start thinking about what is going on. we have gerrymandered districts. immigration is what brought america together. host: thank you. finally, madison virginia. caller: i believe it benefits the country. this is been going on for a while. congress enacted supplementary security income in 1974. could,65 years or older and 30 days later say they have low income and they would get all the benefits of ssi. they would get free medicaid. now, our laws are

being set up by lobbyists. the pharmaceutical companies. office senator warner's and asked what his virginia doing to help these refugee children on the arizona and texas borders? the answer was all on fences. area in virginia agreed to take them and then changed their minds. committeeng to get a together to see what we can do. up paper bagto see over the statue of liberty. i think we should get smarter. host: where are to have 30

seconds for closing statements. guest: happy and dependent state. immigration is a great idea. there could be too much of a good thing. my colleagues thinks too much is never enough. the american people will have to stick together and get immigration levels down. guest: two big problems right now. one is immigration reform. congress keeps taking this issue around by -- like a political football. move the reform to the house of representatives and have a debate. this is a real opportunity for america to show what we are made of. we can do the right thing and treat these children with decency. host:

>> coming up on the next "washington journal" amanda becker talks about public sector unions. after that a look at the june job numbers. then the report on prosperity and opportunity in america both today and in the past few decades. we'll also take your phone calls and take your comments on acebook and twitter. >> ar author allen huffman shears a tale of two mississippi's. a isaac ross was revolutionary war veteran from south carolina. when he realized he was going to die and the slaves would be sold or would become common slaves, he wrote in his will at the time

of his tour's death the plantation would be sold and the money used to pay the way for those slaves to immigrate to liberia where a colony had been established. they call it repat relation and they talk about going back to africa. these people most of them were americans. they had been here for three, four, five generations. it wasn't like they were just going home. they were going back to the continent that their an zest or thes originally inhabited. but it was quite the risk. and so they took their culture what they knew here there. some of them took the bad aspects too, the slavery but that was all they had ever known. and they built houses like this one because after all, they are the ones who built this house. ere were a lot of fwreek

revival houses that they built in mississippi and africa and across the river was lance louis which was settled by free slaves from lance louis. there was a georgia, a virginia, a kentucky, a maryland county and all of those people came from all of those states in the u.s.. >> explore the history and literary life of jackson this weekend saturday on book tv and sunday at 2:00 p.m. on american history tv on c-span 3. >> on this fourth of july holiday, several active duty service members became u.s. citizens at a naturalization ceremony at the white house where they heard from president obama.

>>stering the oath is the thing we want to make sure we got right. to acting deputy director jones, to family, friends, distinguished guests, thank you all for being here and finally to these 25 men and women, service members and spouses, it is an honor to join everyone here for the first time in calling you our fellow americans. this is one of my favorite events to do. not just because we get to have

barbecue and get together. journeys began in places like jamaica and guatemala and yet somehow either because your parents brought you here as children or because you made the choice yourselves as tults, you ended up here in america. and then many of you did something extraordinary. you signed up to serve in the united states military. you answered the call. you understood what makes us american is not just circumstances of birth or the names in our family tree, it's that timeless belief that for many we are one. that we are bound together by adherence to a set of beliefs and rights. that we have certain obligations to each other, to look after

each other and to serve one another. over the years that's exactly hat you've done. rodrigo came from the philippines and joined the navy because he wanted to be part of something big and important, to be part of a great cause. today he is still part of that great cause and today he's also an american citizen. stephanie moved here from canada with her mom when he was 18 years old. today she is 26 and a sergeant in the army. stephanie said she joined the military to give my children someone to look up to and be proud of. stephanie, i know you've made your children and all of us very proud. >> oscar gonzalez said becoming part of a society that strives

and stands for good all around the world. being a part of that makes me complete. oscar, welcoming you as an american citizen makes our country more complete so thank you. and then there are those of you who married an american service member and as a military spouse you've been serving our country as well. diana baker is originally from kenya. i met her husband in germany. today she's a nurse at frederick memorial hospital in maryland and she and her husband have four beautiful children. in diana's words becoming a citizen of the united states is like joining a club of the best of the best. i agree. congratulations on joining the club. together all of you remind us that america is and always has been a nation of immigrants. throughout our history immigrant versus come to our shores in

wave after wave from every corner of the globe. every one of us unless we are gnative american have andrus zest or the born somewhere else. even though we haven't always spoken the same language, we've done great things together. we won freedom together, we've defended our way of life together. we've continued to perfect our union together. that's what makes us strong. the basic idea of welcoming immigrants to our shores is central to our way of life. it is in our d.n.a. we believe our diversity our differences when joined together by a common set of ideals makes us stronger, makes us more creative. makes us different from all these different strands we make something new here in america. that's why if we want to keep attracting the best and brightest from beyond our

shores, we have to fix our immigration system which is broken and pass common sense immigration reform. we shouldn't be making it harder for the best and brightest to come here and create jobs and grow our economy. we should be making it easier. i'm going to keep doing everything i can do to make our immigration system smarter and more efficient so hardworking men and women like all of you have the opportunity to join the american family and to serve our great nation so we can be stronger and more prosperous and whole together. i'll close with a quick story. george was an immigrant who became a famous chef. george had a quote that i think will ring true for most immigrants. he said you who have been born

in america, i wish i could make you understand what it is like not to be an american, not to have been an american all your life and then suddenly to be one for that moment and forever after. today on this fourth of july all across the country, from thomas jeff son's mon cello to the dome in texas immigrants from around the world are taking the oath of citizenship. and many of them have worked and sacrificed for years to get to this mofmente. all of them have done it for something none of us should ever take for granted. the right to be called an american for this moment and forever after. and that should give us hope and should make us confident about the future of our country. because as long as our men and women like all of you who are willing to give so much for the right to call yourselves

americans and as long as we do our part to keep the door open for those who are willing to earn their citizenship, we will keep growing our economy, we'll continue to journey forward and remind the world why the united states is and always will be the greatest nation on earth. we are very proud of you. congratulations. god bless you, god bless the united states of america. congratulations. [applause] >> coming up next a ceremony honoring journalists who died last year while reporting the news. after that an event looking at the rights of gun owners hosted by grassroots north carolina. then a look at the relationship etween islam and the west. >> now you can keep in touch with current events from the nation's capital on any phone

any time. call 202-626-8888 and listen to recap of the day's events and you can hear audio of the five public affairs programs. c-span radio on audio now. long distance or phone charges may apply. >> ten journalists died in 2013 while covering the news. their names were added to a memorial at the museum in washington, d.c. during a recent ceremony. the event included remarks by associate press editor kathleen carroll. his is 30 minutes.

>> i want to well coom since theu you. m journalists worldwide who have died covering the news. generalists --d, journalists placed himself -- themselves in journal every -- journalists place themselves in danger every day. although some may be in the wrong place at the wrong time, most are professionals taking calculated risks, and they pay with their lives for doing their jobs. the journalists memorial bears the names of milk -- journalists, photographers, broadcasters, and others who have died in a line of duty.

each year, this dedication renews the newseum's commitment to make sure those brave journalists are remembered. this year, we have the regrettable task of adding new names to the memorial and it represents all journalists killed in 2013. families andl friends and colleagues who have traveled thousands of miles to join us here this morning for this remembrance of their loved ones. we also welcome back family and friends of journalists who are added to the memorial in previous years. i spoke this morning with vicky horton. this is her fourth time visiting with us on this occasion. she drove from wichita to honor , joseph.r we thank all of you for helping us pay tribute to these journalists. 'sey are truly among democracy heroes. i would now like to introduce our chief operating officer here at the newseum institute, who

will introduce our guest speaker. >> would morning. knows thearroll dangers facing journalists from at least two perspectives, as executive editor and senior vice president of the associated press and as vice chair of the board of the committee to protect journalists. as the top news executive of the world's largest independent newsgathering agency, she is responsible for the news content ap's 280rmats from the two bureaus across 110 countries. rededicateoday to this memorial and recognize those who died in 2013, but we should note that in april, a photographer for the associated press was killed and a reporter was injured in afghanistan. has been a leader on many journalism friends, challenging government moves to .imit press freedom

in focusing attention and action on security issues for journalists in war zones and other hostile environments. from the associated press, kathleen carroll. >> good morning. i'm glad to be here with you, but i suspect that most of us would prefer that we didn't need to be here. instead, we are gathered because we must be here to salute the men and women named in this memorial and the a diet -- and the ideals they died to uphold. overany are dying over and -- are dying. over and over, we are called together to grieve. nearly 100 died last year, more than 1000 since 1992 according to the committee to protect journalists. the numbers are growing so fast that the newseum now offers 10

of the fallen as the representatives of the many others killed in the last year. killed in russia and syria and egypt, mali, india, brazil. killed for doing what so many journalists, particularly those in the comfortable confines of the united states, can too easily take for granted. killed for being a journalist. these men and women keep going? why keep reporting on the actions of the cartels in mexico, despite the blunt messages to stop that are left with the butchered corpses of their brave colleagues? why keep going back to afghanistan as the troops withdraw and the world's attention begins to drift away? here is what one photographer said to that question -- because it is what i do. within a few weeks of saying

that, she was dead, shot by an afghan policeman as she shot in the -- sat in a car with her ap colleague and friend who was badly wounded. ?hy did the policemen shoot we don't know for sure and probably never will. is that he, of course, they were covering the distribution of ballots for afghanistan's presidential elections, by any measure, a hopeful sign of empowerment for the afghan people. that hope was why they wanted to be there -- to bear witness to the good after so many years of covering strife and conflict and pain and death, all among the people they had come to care about a great deal, bearing witness. whether journalists are covering a distant land or their native soil, the root of their calling is to record the world around them and to ask westerns, to

expose what others would prefer to keep hidden -- to ask questions, to expose what others would prefer to keep hidden. why do we do it, and why should anyone care that we do? because journalists are proxies for citizens. we ask the questions and seek the answers on behalf of citizens. journalists are also the proxies for threats to those citizens. if there is a desperate handbook, the first page must say silence the journalists and the citizens will get the message -- don't talk back, don't fight, don't challenge, submit. but across the world, journalists are not submitting. they fight for the right to freely chronicle the actions of the powerful and the humble. is that a lonely fight? it must be. but it need not be. themall of us, we owe our support and our attention

and the attention of our audiences, but is -- because indifference only empowers the killers. indifference -- the drumbeat of death being met with a selective societal shrugged. you've seen it. people feel bad for a little bit and they offer a tweet or two of morning, heartfelt, but they are soon back to posting selfies. and what would you rather do here at the newseum -- get filmed doing a practice newscast or come warn a bunch of journalists whose names you cannot -- come mourn a bunch of journalists whose names you cannot pronounce and homes you may not be able to find on a map? this makes people uncomfortable. let's look for a minute and why these journalists died. they took pictures that somebody didn't like. they shot video that somebody didn't like. they asked questions that somebody decided were out of line. they wrote things that somebody thought shouldn't be written.

they expressed ideas that somebody disagreed with. now, you take a look at that smartphone glued to your hand. how many times a day do you post something? how many photos do you share? how many snotty remarks and bad jokes and critiques? so, what if your critical comments about a local restaurant or a sports team earned you a visit from thugs who knocked you around and threatened your children? photof your unflattering of a lawmaker got your business license revoked? what if you were on your way to lunch one day, you took a quick video of a street protest, and suddenly guys in uniform stashed your phone and hold you to jail? -- and hauled you to jail? you think it couldn't happen. it happens every day, hundreds of times. when might it happen to you? be people whoays believe that they have the right to tell others how to think and what to believe and how to

behave. too many of them try to enforce their view of the world with violence. and there will also be people who disagree and citizens who try to change things. it is the job of the journalists to report on all of that. even when it is much harder to do than any of us in this room can imagine. why do we do it? longtime journalist and journalism professor terry anderson posed the question in a "isnt essay for "cpj," covering the news worth the risk?" the question has some residents -- resonance for him. he explored that has exposed the topic often since he was released two decades ago -- he has explored the topic often since he was released two decades ago. s, the times -- "many time, truth hurts, but we have to keep going and hope that what is good in people prevails over what is

evil." what is good in people prevails over what is evil." issues, asot new this wall attests. those who recall their u.s. journalism history know the john peter singer was part of a legal case that laid the groundwork for truth as a defense against libel. singer had much more in common with today's web aced business is been crusading -- web-based businesses than crusading journalists. he was called to account for putting ink on paper, not for writing the anonymous columns that called out the governor for being crooked, for offering sweetheart deals to cronies, packing judicial benches, using the law to intimidate anyone who imposed -- opposed him or his pals. the law of the day was on the governor's side. was writings libel

or printing anything in opposition to the sitting government. new york was and bustling colonial hub for great britain. the u.s. constitution and the protections of its first amendment were nearly six decades in the future. six decades, three generations. a long way into the future. sithe idea that his attorney's voiced, that you cannot libel someone if what you say is true, were not forgotten. it was one of the many rights that all mists -- colonists fought the american revolution to enshrine and preserve. on this wall and among the faces you will see our men and women who have planted the same seeds of those same freedoms in their own countries. they and their colleagues carry on despite threats that you and i may never understand. they carry on in the face of torture, years in prison, threats to their families,

despite grief, intimidation, and fear. these men and women deserve a few minutes of your time. this display of photographs is not a quilt of portraits that we gather once a year to remember with solemn speeches. each one of these photos is a son or daughter, father, brother mama mother, sister -- brother, mother, sister, a beloved friend, someone who chose this terrifying and wonderful profession because they believed in fax, in truths, in the cleansing -- in facts, in truths, in the cleansing power of truth. remember them and what they stand for. remember them every time you pick up a newspaper, turn on the newscast, watch a live video. remember them every time you pick up your phone. remember them, and whisper a word of gratitude, and vow that you will never forget what they have sacrificed and why.

thank you very much. [applause] >> the individuals we recognize today were brought together in a fellowship that none of them would have chosen. a fellowship created by their courage, and,eir ultimately, by their sacrifice. they spoke different languages, they worked in different spheres of newsgathering. some of them were known to millions on the nightly news. anonymityem worked in . some of them reported from their own communities. some of them were on assignment far away from home.

some of them knew of impending danger, but too many of them were surprised. the common thread that united them all was their commitment to journalism and the fact that they left us all too soon. if a journalist's mission is to shine light in places where there is darkness, then let the light that emanates from this journalism memorial be a testament to these journalists and to all the others whose company they join today. we will never forget them. memory and in support of journalists working in dangerous places and in difficult situations all over the world, we will now read the names of our colleagues who represent all the journalists who were killed in 2013. russia, akhmednabi akhmednabiyev.

his news organization, novoye delo. his killers were waiting for him when he stepped into his car outside his home in the volatile republic. the newspaper editor akhmednabi , akhmednabiyev. that startedhot the engine when he was shot in the head in an ambush. he died in the same spot where he had survived a previous assassination attempt six months earlier. despite being targeted on a death list and receiving threatening phone calls and text mednabi, 53,h reported relentlessly on government corruption and human rights violations. helds funeral, mourners signs saying, "who will be n ext?" it is one of the most dangerous

places for journalists in russia, where deadly attacks have become a common way to silence reporters. faisala, yasser al-jumaili, a freelancer. faisalameraman yasser al-jumaili didn't tell anyone where he was going when he borrowed money to buy a new video camera and headed to syria to cover the civil war. deathater, he was shot to by rebels at a checkpoint in northern syria. his footage was never recovered. 35, cover the iraq war for international broadcasters, then places to -- places considered too dangerous for foreign journalists. wantedd said al-jumaili to capture the untold stories of

misery, violence, on justice, and war -- violence, injustice, and war. he was one of many journalists killed in syria, the world that list country -- worlds deadliest country for journalists. >> mikhail beketov, khimkinskaya pravda in russia. on a frigid november night, the newspaper and editor, mikhail beketov, was attacked outside his home by men who smashed his skull with a metal bar and left him to die in the snow. fingers, leg, several and the ability to speak. nearly five years later, he died at age 55 of complications from his injuries.

before the attack, the former war correspondent had used his newspaper to campaign against government corruption in suburban moscow. he was threatened, his dog was killed, and his car was firebombed. no one has been charged in his death. russia has one of the world's worst records for prosecuting the killers of journalists. mick deane, sky news in egypt. helicopters circled overhead and clouds of tear gas enveloped the streets of cairo as british cameraman mick deane raised his camera to film clashes between security forces and supporters of former egyptian president mohamed morsi. he was shot by a sniper and killed. dean was 61. for nearly 40 years, he covered wars and major world events for

.nn and britain's sky news described as courageous but careful, never rash, he filmed china positively cracked down on the 1989 tiananmen square protest and reported undercover in north korea. was one of six journalists killed in 2013 in egypt, where violence between police and protesters made it one of the deadliest countries in the world for journalists. >> ghislaine dupont, radio france internationale, in mali. the french army warned them not to go, but radio france

internationale journalists were determined to shed light on the violence in northern mali. after interviewing a rebel leader, they were abducted by gunmen. an hour later, there -- their bullet-riddled bodies were found in the desert. dupont was 57. a theory of this -- a fearless reporter, she covered conflicts in angola, the democratic republic of congo, and sierra leone. she was expelled from the immigrant record public of congo in 2006 because of her reporting. northern mali has become a stronghold of islamic stream us since the 2012 military coup plunged the country into political turmoil. neto, radio vanguarda and vale do aco, in brazil.

crime reporter and radio host rodrigo neto refused to share details of his work for his -- with his family out of concern for his safety. the aggressively covered police corruption and was working on a book about suspected police involvement in a local murder motorcyclen on a gunned him down as he left a restaurant in southeastern brazil. neto was 38. a colleague said, "those who thought they were silencing rodrigo neto are going to realize that, on the contrary, they have given birth to a rodrigo neto inside each one of us." several police officers were arrested in connection with neto's death, however, brazil has one of the world's worst records for prosecuting the killers of journalists. deshbandhu, in india. newspaper reporter sai reddy was

leaving a market in central india when maoist rebels armed attackedes and an axe him, leaving him to die in the street. he was 51. for more than 20 years, reddy reported on families caught in fighting between police and maoist rebels, who have led a rebellion in india' region since the late 1960's. his reporting earned him the wrath of both sides. the police accused him of being linked to the maoists. the rebels torched his house. the international press freedom organization, reporters without borders, ranked india among the world's five deadliest countries for journalists in 2013. lovernando solijon, dxls

radio, in the philippines. the day he died, radio commentator fernando solijon received an on-air death threat "your caller warning, coffin is already made." that night he was shot multiple times by a masked gunman who fled on a motorcycle. known as a, was courageous commentator. he often criticized local politicians, linking some to the drug trade. a local police officer was arrested in connection with his death. deadly attacks against journalists are common in the philippines, where warring factions battle for power and murders of journalists often remain unresolved. radio france, internationale, in mali.

onund engineer claude verl could set up a sound -- studio anywhere. when he was taken to a remote saharan town, he jumped at the challenge. hours after the interview, verlon and dupont's bullet-riddled bodies were found in the desert. group claimednked responsibility for abducting and murdering the journalists. known for his caution and meticulous technical skills, verlon had worked with some of the worlds deadliest countries -- world's deadliest countries, including afghanistan, libya, and iraq. olivier voisin, freelance, in syria. olivier snuck across the border into syria. days later, he was hit by shrapnel while covering fighting

between rebels and government forces. he died three days later at age 38. some of theorked in country's most dangerous countries for journalists, including libya and somalia. french president francois hollande said, "his death is a tragic reminder of the risks taken by journalists to inform our fellow citizens regardless of the dangers." been's civil war has deadly for journalists. more than 60 journalists have been killed since the war began in 2011 according to the committee to protect analysts. -- protect journalists. >> as kathleen carroll noted and as you heard from some of the accounts this morning, all too often, the death of a journalist

is met with in deference -- indifference or even official collusion. it is important to note that this morning in moscow five individuals who were charged ana, who died of in 2006, were brought to justice. they were convicted last month. they were sentenced this morning, two to life terms, three to lesser terms, including a police officer who furnished the weapon. it is important to note that the person who ordered her death is still at large. but when someone is brought to justice, we need to take note. this memorial exists to remind the world of the sacrifices made every year throughout the decades and centuries by journalists. but we are but the caretakers,

guardians of this memorial. on behalf of those who ultimately require no such construct really to confirm their courage and self-sacrifice, we cannot add to the laurels that these men and women have earned themselves. each stands on their own accomplishments. each has made the ultimate sacrifice as journalists. we do gather here every year to acknowledge that sacrifice and to encourage future generations to recognize that sacrifice and to remember it. it is to that duty and that task those will -- all watching around the world will pledge our continued effort. thank you for being with us.

[captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] gary doersmakers," talks about the 2014 and 2016 elections, transportation funding and iraq. sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. for over 35 years, c-span brings public affairs events from washington directly to you putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house events, briefings and conferences and offering complete gavel coverage of the

u.s. house, all as a published service. by thec-span created cable tv industry 35 years ago and brought to you as a public service by your local cable or satellite divided. us onus in hd, like facebook, and follow us on twitter. organization grassroots north carolina recently hosted its 20th annual dinner that focused on the issue of gun rights. aong the speakers weere stand your ground law expert and larry pratt. the group also heard from a young widow who helped tennessee and ohio change their concealed weapons laws after husband was murdered by a stalker and a national restaurant. this is an hour and a half. lf. >> our first speaker tonight is someone i had conversed with and who was it instrumental in

helping pass -- she worked in a nightclub in tennessee when a stock or rogan ker and killedstal her husband. at that point in time and like north carolina recently, she was prohibited from sharing her concealed handgun within an arrest on the served alcohol. i met her at the second amendment march a number of years ago and determined that this was the person that we needed to have in north carolina . she has become a national advocate for concealed handgun laws in general. [applause] >> thank you so much.

me here toor having speak with you about the importance of our second amendment. ,s a victim of a violent crime my name is nikki. i'm from nashville, tennessee. has-been,09, my benjamin, was shot six times right in front of myself. by a man who had been stalking me right in the middle of a restaurant. this restaurant served alcohol. it was a restaurant where my husband and i ran our mobile karaoke business. we had an agreement with the restaurant owner to run they karaoke every thursday night. i met a man that suddenly showed nowheree scene out of

and at first he seemed halfway normal. oughtut he was a -- we th he was a tourist. he started coming in more often for karaoke night. eventually i realized there's something not right with him. he had never threatened me. there is never straining order here and we all never straining orders is simply a piece of paper. i ended up having to block them from ice social network, which is how we would advertise our business. he was sending me inappropriate messages. look, i'mell him, happily married and what you're saying to me is inappropriate. he continued to come to my shows. he never threatened me. then he came to one of my shows at a restaurant where i have

never seen him before. good 35taurant was a minutes away from downtown nashville where he normally came to. i realized this is not just a dedicated karaoke customer. this is not someone with a simple crush on me. this man is stalking me. benmoment i saw him, i told i don't go comfortable with this man here. i will ask management to remove him. do whatever you need to do. i went to go get management. they confronted him and asked him to leave. 45 outeeded to pull a from under his jacket and shoot ben six times. he actually stood over ben and continue to fire into his body while he was on the floor. handgun permit holder at

the time. law,se according to state i normally carry a handgun, but had to leave it locked in my bugle. i follow the law. me did that was stalking not have a permit and was not following the law and murder is a ready legal. him.aw did nothing to stop people with evil intentions could care less about the law. it is those of us that are law-abiding that care about the law. obviously my life has been changed forever. losing engine into that type of violence. but it is violence. i get tired of hearing people talk about gun violence. let's talk about violence.

gun, i whene the the murderer. -- i blame the murderer. i blame the legislators who prevented me from doing what i needed to to protect my husband and i. it is my belief that gun free ores are killing zones criminal protection zones. people that want to do evil can harm or kill knowing that no one there can stop them. police all heard that are only minutes away. that is true. i do not blame the police. i have a huge amount of respect for law enforcement. even law enforcement know that they cannot be anywhere and everywhere at any time.

those officers came on the scene within three minutes of the 911 call, i have been told. they were there in enough time to put up the crime scene tape and take pictures of my has-been -- my hsuusband. i think we all make decisions based on the options that we have. i -- if ier know if could've prevented that from half thing. that option was not available to me. the decisions i made were based on the options that i had. after time on the news the shootings occur. the only thing the media will not tell you, the majority if not all of the shootings occur in gun free zones.

they are places where evil people know that no one can stop them. they know it. that is why they go there. highernt to get that body bag zone. they existed. anyone believes this kind of violence can happen to them. i had my handgun carry permit and went through my training. i try to be prepared. i never looked at it at careless, but prepared. it happened to us. i do not want you to be paranoid. i want you and your family to be prepared here it you never know when evil is going to choose to pay you a visit. evil can strike anywhere no matter where you are. will you be preparing to stop

that right? -- will you be prepared to stop that threat? stop -- i worked really hard after ben's murder with senator doug jackson in tennessee. he was actually a democrat. him and the phone with told him everything that had happened. he invited me to the state capital. i told my story. the ended up restaurant a carry restaurant bill. as long as you are not drinking any alcohol.

choose not to go to those places. if you are not going to give me the ability to protect myself and you are not going to protect me either, i have a problem with that. i do not want to give them my money. there are cards that i carry around with me that tell them you are in a gun free zone and it is a false sense of security. yet the stop and ask yourself -- who is most likely to follow the silly rules, you know? someone that wants to harm people is not really care about that sign. it is a false sense of security. they have the restaurant carry law and i submitted my written testimony here.

despite what the media would have you believe -- and i know you all saw it on the news -- the cap saying it would -- they kept saying it would be the wild west. there would be blood running in the streets. they said the same thing in ohio . they said the same thing here. guess what? it never happened. but it is funny that the media does not want to go back and talk about how very wrong they were. less than 1% of permit holders ever do anything wrong with the gun. i can't think of any segment of society that is anymore law-abiding. these are not the people who do

horrible things. these are the good people out there that want to be able to stop those bad guys from taking innocent life. i do believe we all have the right to protect ourselves. it is our second amendment. it is pretty basic. we have the basic human rights of self-defense. tell you about our criminal justice system. it is not a justice system. it is just a system, [laughter] yeah. [indiscernible] [applause] it took about three years for my husband's murderer to finally stand trial. i will tell you a few things about the case.

searched hisce vehicle, they found two more guns and a baseball bat and a knife. more i thought about those items, i cannot help but think that somehow this man had probably planned on harming me. what i didn't tell you about the hid inside ant and brick wall and i went to get management and ask if they would remove him. me to stay where i was. don't let him see you. let management handle this. that was my option to hide. some survivors guilt in that.

i was one who lived and ben di ed. it is a very serious situation. it could happen to anyone. that judge --know number one, it was an insanity defense. the judge dropped it from first-degree to second-degree. that man is going to get out of prison. they gave him 23 years. he has served five. i am going to have to deal with this person who took the love of my life away from me . he is a dangerous person. that is what the criminal justice system has done.

911. rely on i'm not saying you shouldn't call 911, but you should be prepared to protect yourself first. then call 911. it might take a while before they get there. you cannot rely on our criminal justice system. you cannot rely on the criminal justice system at all. it will tell you to protect yourself and your family. and about who you are voting for. the first thing i think about is how they feel about my e-cig human rights in self-defense. that tells me everything else i need to know. my basic human

rights in self-defense. that tells me everything else i need to know. thank you so much. our next smeeker i actually met at a charlotte law school forum, both of us were panelists. i heard his presentation. it was so compelling that i said, i have to bring this guy back to north carolina for our presentation at our annual dinner. andrew is the foremost expert on u.s. self-defense law across all 50 states.

his expertise has been used by "the wall street journal," chicago tribune, npr, numerous other media organizations and by private state and federal agencies. he's a massachusetts lawyer. life member of the n.r.a. we all have that problem occasionally. [laughter] and adjunct professor on the law of self-defense in an academy in new hampshire. he lectures and speaks throughout the country in how to protect yourself in both an tack and legal machine afterwards. he's a master class idpa competitor, n.r.a. certified firearms instructor. holds numerous concealed handgun permits from what i can see here and his book, "the law of self-defense" was recently revealed in the n.r.a.'s first freedom magazine, which had to say, quote, since most gunners are so law abiding they have no

personal experience with the criminal justice process, bronxia gives an overview of the crimes that may be charged in a self-defense case, including what to expect from an investigative and judicial process in which none of the people who will have been put in control of your fate will understand what it was like at that desperate moment. andrew is the author of "the law of self-defense" and his topic tonight stand your ground, the truth, whole truth and nothing but the truth. i bring you andrew bronka. >> hey, folks. before i start my -- well, informal comments, i want to say it's easy for all of us to fight for our second amendment rights to come to think we're only fighting feckless politicians, which, of course, we are. but hearing nikki talk it's important to remember what we're

actually fighting is evil, all right. evil walking the earth among us who want to make us defenseless against our enemies and families defenseless. remember, that's the true fight we're fighting. they are my only serious comments for the evening. i'm not a very serious guy. i guess paul mention td butly rip the band aid right off. i'm a lawyer. it's true. it's worse than that, i'm a massachusetts lawyer. a yankee! yankee in your midst. very interesting for me calls to come from massachusetts. i have been a member of the gun community my entire life. i started comet tive shooting as young teenager and been engaged in it all of my life. to come from a place like massachusetts where you basically, you don't mention guns like it's some kind of forbidden religious faith that's not allowed and to come to such a good-friendly environment, it's like entering kind of a gun abuse recovery program.

i feel like i should stand up sane, my name is andrew. i'm a gun abuser. i love guns. it's true. i love them. i loved them all of my life. for the fun, pleasure they bring me in target shooting and competitive shooting and i love what they can do for me in being able to protect myself and protect my family and, of course, what they mean in the more traditional perspective, of our ability to resist the threat of tyranny. the importance of having the guns in the first place is our possession prevents tyranny from taking root in the first place. we need not have to bear arms against or government, our our government fears us bearing arms against them, right? this is a deterrent effect we want and only this, the only exists if we presieve and protect that right to keep and bear arms. despite being a massachusetts

attorney, i consider myself second amendment absolute-ous. which mine all prior restrained gun laws are on their feet unconstitutional. any mandatory permitting requirements, any f.f.l. requirements class two, three, four requirements, any excise tax on firearms, anything, any prior restraint on the ability to own ownership small arms, its own constitutional on its face and should be recognized as such fpblet when the day comes, god willing, that the court as ply scrutiny to the thousands of gun laws we have to deal with today, they will fall light white before us. i guess i got serious again, didn't i? sorry about that. i have to say if you asked me 20 years ago, 20 years ago, 20 years ago i got my concealed carry permit, started carrying pistol the first time. in massachusetts of all places. if you would have told me that, 20 years later, i would be an opponent with folks like lot

lott and larry pratt, beside me, waiting to speak, i would have laughed. ridiculous notion. so fun to be here with them, giants of the gun rights movement. these are the people who wrote the books i read 20 years ago. that motivated me even in massachusetts to become an activist in the gun rights community. this average generation stands on the shoulders of giants who came before them and these guys are it. we have to applaud them. [applause] i think both of them including help establish and balance our major organization among the first to say they can lead but nothing happens without you guys, without all of you and even little people like me, massachusetts attorneys. but each of that only has one vote. they can motivate but they have to be able to motivate people who are willing to do the hard work that needs to be done to

make the legislatures pass the laws they need to pass in order for our gun rights to be protected. can i ask, who is the gentleman running for the appellate court? an i ask you to stand up, sir? i want to make point that may not be clear to many of you, we work hard to pass legislation favorable to gun owners but it's important to recognize legislative acts are just the desires of the legislature, where the rubber meets the road, where the effect of that legislation takes place is in he courts. we do not elect people in those positions to rule on those laws the way we need them to. so make sure you vote for them

in these elections. [applause] talk about stand your ground. i'm 45 minutes past my time. i will keep it as succinct as possible. there's a lot of misinformation about stand your ground. the phrase has become a boogie man of the gun control activist. what we are really seeing here, by the way, is opening of a new front against our gun rights. they effectively still need loss in the air term gun control movement. of course, we can never give up. we always have to fight. kind of like a cancer. the moment you take your eye off them, they come back. but they decided they're not gaining much ground there so they turn add way from pa -- turned away our ability to own, possess and carry gun but use guns in self-defense. now they're becoming less gun controlist in the near-term sense and more self-defense controlists.

we try to limit the places we could carry the gun that couldn't work. you can carry it so proper, but if you ever use it, we're going to destroy you economically. destroy you politically finance we're lucky, get you sent to ail the rest of your life. stand your ground makes it far more difficult to accomplish what we like to accomplish f. we ever use guns in self-defense. a lot of confusion stooned your ground. thepped to use the phrase to mean a lot of different things. if they only use it to mean what it actually means, they would get no support. let's face it, if these people didn't lie, they would have nothing to say at all. so they pick the phrase standard ground and lie about it. let's talk about what stand your ground is and what it is and why

it's important or whatever the formal title is. to understand and stand your ground, you have to understand what self-defense is in the first place, so what you're originally saying yes, i used force against another person, perhaps deadly force against another person. but i was legally justified in doing that under the doctrine of self-defense. how do you qualify for self-defense? you have to meet five elements of self-defense. does anybody here -- at any seminar this afternoon? put your fingers in your ears you heard this a thousand times already. but the five elements of self-defense are proportionality, avoidableness. innocence means you couldn't have been the aggressor in the fight. makes sense. person who starts the fight cannot claim self-defense. immense means the threat you're defending against has to be about have to happen right now. somebody says i'm going home to get my gun and shoot you. you can't shoot them then. when he comes back wa his gun,

maybe can he shoot them. not right then. threat is in the future. proportionality means you can't use more force than necessary to stop the threat against you. if you're only faced with nondeadly threat, use deadly force to defend yourself. if you're faced with deadly threat, can you use deadly threat to defend yourself. not complicated. deadly force means if you're in a jurisdiction when were you have a legal duty 0 to retreat, you have to take advantage of the safe avenue of retreat before you can act in self-defense. by wait, that's always the minority position and currently is by far the minority position in the u.s. fifth element is reasonable one. whatever you do, acting in self-defense, has to be that of reasonable and prudent person and you have to have actually yourself believe it was necessary tookt in self-defense. five elements -- innocence, eminence, proportionality, avoidance and reasonableness. not that complicated. what is stand your ground doing? all stand your ground does is take away one of those elements

-- avoidance element. you no longer need to seek an avenue of retreat before you can act in self-defense. what's left in place? everything else. innocence, emnens, proportionality, reasonableness, all in place. stand your ground is not some parallel or bizarre way of claimingself defense. it's not a mysterious mechanism the n.r.a. put in place. state your groundself defense is exactly the same as old-fashioned self-defense except for that one element of avoidance. if you live in a stand your ground jurisdiction and act in self-defense, what do you need to prove? you were the innocent person. you were facing eminent threat. you used no more force than necessary to defend yourself and everything you did was reasonable. the nonstand your ground space, what they say is even if you have done all of that, if you can't prove a negative. if you can't prove no safe avenue of retreat, we deserve

the objection to put you in jail the rest of your life. that's what living in a nonstand your ground state means. thank god you live in a nonstand your ground state here in north arolina. think about the consequences, imagine a new england woman named mary. walking through an parking garage at night. she's accosted by a rapist of the she's done nothing to invite this attack upon her. the attack is about to happen right now. drawing her gun, she uses no more force than needs to, to defend herself against a person twice her size and her perception and conduct throughout were entirely reasonable. the prosecution in nonstandard face is a stair well 20-to-do and mary could have went away rather than defend herself against that rate. in a stand your ground state,

that question doesn't even come up in trial. that's why stand your ground is important. final comment. it's been rumored a copy of my book. a lone copy has been duct taped under one chair in this room. but -- don't reach yet. if you want to participate in this raffle. if the book is not there, you have to leave a $10 billion. good luck. thank you! [applause] >> as i realized when i first heard campbell speak and heard his comments in the rawley school of law, i realized hies rarely boring. ur next speaker is the executive director of gun owners of america. larry pratt has been the leader of that organization for 30

years. larry has appeared on enumerable national and radio tv programs like nbc's "today" show, cbs' "good morning america," cnn's cross-fire, "larry king live" fox's "hannity & coal manies" and many others. my personal favorites was watching him dismember piers morgan. [applause] but i want to say something a little more personal at this point because larry was the guy -- i don't know if he know it's -- who got me involved in the gun rights movement. he was the first guy i called when i decided in 1994 something needed to be done. i was a nobody. i didn't know anything about how

to go about any of this but he took my call and he nurtured that interest. and he helped grass roots north carolina become what it is today not only tpwhay initial counsel but by supporting that organization especially during our early years and training our activists during grass roots motion techniques. this guy is the true grass roots of the second amendment movement. i bring you larry pratt. >> good evening to you. i'm so glad paul invited me to be here with you. i'm delighted to see how many of you there are. you know, i don't think the establishment has gotten messages yet but a message was sent from the seventh district of virginia last week that there's a new four-letter word

in use -- -- brat, brat, brat! they are still stunned that somebody like eric cantor can go down. and we're so happy he did. [laughter] we took part in that campaign towards the end. we began to realize a little sooner than other people but almost too late all the same, this guy might have it together. we thought we would go down with a worthy cause but at least we needed to send a little digital salute to mr. cantor. little did we realize, this guy would go across the finish line and he hopefully has given new energy to other people similarly engaged either against rhino in primary or some other form of socialist in the general election. the ruling classes really have