uphere's a we have coming later today. a look at mexico's efforts to boost gas production. will talk about the recent decision to allow private sector access to the state-controlled energy market. it that will be live at 1:30 p.m. eastern time. congress is back on capitol hill. the summit will eat -- meet later today. the house will be back this week. it will back tomorrow.

house debateek the or can on training programs and forgy and water projects 2015. you can see the house live on c-span and the senate on c-span2. another item is to renew the highway trust fund. it expires at the end of august. the department of transportation is more that allowing the trust fund to go broke would cost the u.s. 700,000 jobs. twice there than number created last month. it will begin cutting back payments to state and local governments next month. that article is in "the hill" today. there's a look on the israeli/palestinian conflict. the wilson center will host the discussion later today.

4:00coverage starts at p.m. eastern time on c-span. >> the internet should remain free from regulation. said, itcrawford has is like confusing the conversation for the sidewalk. we want the conversation to be on regulated. a they have always made sure that the communications pathways stay open. we have a regulated phone system. the fcc does not regulate what i say to you what i call you, but they do make sure that the pathway is open and affordable and available and nondiscriminatory and therefore everybody to use. >> it is crucial to think about whether or not those platforms remain open the women have historically. the internet has grown up as a network where anybody can communicate. a small company can get access to the network and become in some cases like a google or

facebook, a huge business. it is vital to that not change as the internet evolves. >> more opinions on the open internet policy and the flow of web traffic. tonight on c-span two. net you can keep in touch with current events using any phone, anytime. c-span radio is on audio now. you can hear congressional coverage and today's washington journal program. listen to a recap of the day's events at 5:00 p.m. eastern time. you can hear audio of the five -- affairblic afford shows. c-span radio is on audio now. long-distance and phone charges may apply. the era of consumer drones is

developing rapidly. smartphone technology is leading to the creation of smaller and cheaper drones. the churchill club in california had a panel of robot and german drone builders. >> thanks to the churchill club for organizing another fantastic event and topic. just a few words to kick off. our focus is on small drones. we will talk about consumer and the enterprise space. this is an area that is just changing by the day with amazing potential. as we are getting started, you look at some of the things we've seen from drone cameras in the past -- just this year. given the world's remarkable footage of the demonstrations in thailand and ukraine.

in a different realm, it has enabled us to watch spacex's grasshopper rocket -- footage of that. we have seen amazon showing their vision on how packages may be delivered in the future. as you have seen, just remarkable footage of the world around us and showing us unique ways to view the world. and, you of all just experienced your first dronie. it will probably very old news taken by eric, one of the best drone photographers. we are only getting started on the drone journey. we have a great panel here. in typical churchill fashion, we will start with everyone introducing themselves. chris. >> i am chris anderson, the ceo of 3d robotics.

i was the editor of "wired magazine" for more than a decade. i went from the editor of the magazine to the ceo of an aerospace company. let's say it -- back in the immediate days, i didn't have to run my own factory and now i do. the fun part is we get to put cameras in the air and open a new frontier of imagery and big data. >> my name is eric cheng. i am the director of aerial imaging at dji. i was on path in technology and i have a computer science degree or two. i ended up being a photographer doing underwater pictures. i have been sucked back into technology recently. >> i am jonathan downey, the founder and ceo of airware.

i have been in the drone space for 10 years beginning at m.i.t. later at boeing working on helicopter systems. i was briefly an airline pilot flying the twin otter between las vegas and the grand canyon. i started airware to address some problems that i saw as an undergrad at m.i.t. in developing drones for specific applications. we develop a platform of software and hardware and cloud services that power drones. one thing we don't do is actually build the drones ourselves. >> i am christian sanz. i am the founder and ceo of skycatch. we build fully autonomous ground robots for collecting data at scale. some of our clients use these robots to collect data across their job sites.

our goal is to help all of these companies with logistics. help them optimize process and safety. i am very thankful to be here. >> an amazing panel. first question is for chris -- where are we today with the underlying technologies that make these small drones possible and where is it heading? >> we should define what a drone is. you will always disagree about the definitions. i would define them as being aircraft capable of full autonomy which is they fly by themselves. they have gps guidance. there can be pilots if you want. by in large, they do jobs that are dull, dirty, or dangerous without human intervention. these two are both robots but they look like they are not.

their incredibly intelligent compared to where things were a few decades ago. the reason this is possible, the reason these two flying robots cost less than a thousand dollars is thanks to the innovations in our phones. i call these the peace dividend of the smartphone wars. they use the same components, the same sensors, similar gps, similar cameras. what is going on on your phones with the processors, the supercomputers are essentially running the batteries. because of the apples and googles of the world, these components put into different packages can do things which are essentially impossible ten years ago. now it is $1000 and soon be on the shelves in wal-mart. >> eric, from a photography perspective, what are the advances you have seen?

>> the ability for these things to be stable in space is what photographers have been looking for for a long time. everybody that has had a gopro try to get that hero shot of themselves that they think will make them look cool. this is the extension. you let go of the pole and the camera flies away. a lot of these things are happening as we sit here today. every week, there's a new development or company try to do something like that. for the creative pursuit, these things are opening up something that we could not really -- we dreamed about. i dreamed about this 10 years ago and thought if only i could have a flying camera and that would happen. >> for all of human history, we've been basically stuck at eye level. for the first time in history, we can see the world the way birds do without having to be in the air which is dangerous.

now be positioned arbitrarily in space. now that you have the boom of a spielberg, the crane of a spielberg for free, what are you going to do with it? >> jonathan, you are attacking this space in a different way. why are you going off to the space you are going after specifically? >> photography is a really interesting application. at airware, we believe drones will be used for such a wide variety of different applications. everything from agriculture to infrastructure inspections. inspecting power lines, pipe lines, oil and natural gas exploration, land management, antipoaching operations. we really think that to address such a wide variety of applications, you need a

platform so that companies that are developing drones for specific applications are not either leveraging a black box solution that they cannot meaningfully expand or they don't have to do it all from scratch and develop all of that themselves. they can focus on the pieces of hardware and software that are really meant to be differentiated for their application. that is what we are building at airware. >> christian, you are addressing a number of challenges in this space, but specifically battery technology is something you are doing unique things around. >> our vision is not as exciting as some of the stuff that these guys are doing in terms of filming kite surfers and all the cool stuff. we work with miners and construction people. we try to figure out how to make their jobs more efficient and productive. so, in the early days, i spent a

lot of time on the field trying to find out if this is useful to them. after a lot of weeks and months, i discovered that it was. i ran into a couple of people. one superintendent once said at any given point at this construction site, there is at least 100 questions people have today that can be answered just by seeing something. if they see that, they can answer that and move forward. basically, what he was saying is that he can shave days off construction. those are millions of dollars. that was really what motivated me to start the company. our biggest challenges today in technology that we are solving with, you know, with these partners is basically completely automating the experience of the uav. making it fully autonomous when it lands, when it swaps a battery so that you are not involved in the process. >> battery technology -- how long can a drone fly for on a

battery? >> we spent a lot of time optimizing how much electricity was sent to the motors. we've optimized our drones for the size that props the motors so we get about 35 to 40 minutes of high wind time in the air. our average missions are about five to 10 minutes and cover a really large amount of area. the idea behind swapping the batteries because batteries have not evolved in ages. it is not going to evolve anytime soon. some of the companies are doing really interesting things with batteries which haven't been tested. they haven't really gone through the whole rigors of testing to make sure the battery is safe. right now, most of us are buying batteries that have been tested at great companies and they have been mass-produced for hobbyists. >> battery technology is one of the things that obviously is being addressed. as you look out over the next

few years, the pace of development seems to be so rapid at the moment. what do you guys look at as the next wave of development that will enable new use cases? >> this weekend, three follow me projects launched. follow me is one of these things where the drone follows you. you are biking, skiing, or running, whatever and these drones stay 30 feet back and up and keeps the camera focused on you and get that perfect cinematic hollywood view. on one level, that is exactly what the youtube generation wants. it looks incredibly complex. it is using gps and image recognition and then creatively trying to figure out what the right angle is. looking at the sun and the shadows. this was science fiction a few years ago.

this is the droid you are looking for, right? just this weekend, there were three projects that launched and one of them raised a half million dollars in one day. that was just today. tomorrow, this mapping function we are talking about -- what christian is doing is this notion of construction. construction is arguably the number two industry in the world. agriculture is number one. what this $300 copter can do is a one button mapper. it does circles around the construction site, takes pictures which get sent to the cloud, and creates a 3-d model. then that model gets snapped onto the model of the engineering company is already

doing. now, you get -- you are the client. you want to know what is going on with the construction site. you can either drive there or watch on the cloud, watch your building. snapped onto the model you approved and watch it build up digitally, perfectly aligned. there is no bs. you have ground truth or air truth, if you will. that is a $300 copter that is doing that. just imagine what will happen in another five years. >> you are talking about technology that is deployed on the drone. you are not talking about the drone itself. in terms of the actual mechanics of the drone, are we going to see much development or have we reached the point now where -- >> right now, we're using a gopro. eric is using custom cameras that is lighter and smaller.

we are moving towards bringing the sensors down. the sensors are getting good. we control the camera, we control the gimbal, you can control the communications link. you can then control the cloud and the big data and these huge render farms. the drone itself is just a vector to capture data and transmit it to the cloud. >> guys, what are you thinking about? >> the internet enabled a lot of this drone activity as well. we are sharing all of this data through the internet so everything gets scanned through at the same time. going back to what chris said -- a lot of it came from the

smartphones. all of that innovation allowed for all these pieces to be really affordable. >> you mentioned the internet and eric has posted the dronie on instagram. you can obviously retweet it. one of the other areas of the peace dividend of development we are seeing online is the extensive use of open-source software, but also open sourcing the hardware designs. although you are in separate companies, you seem to be collaborating around the common code and designs. >> one area i have a different perspective. the open-source projects are really exciting. it is what got myself into the space. as the number of applications broaden and as these drones are going to be deployed above people's homes and fly over people's heads, i think safety and reliability will become more and more paramount in this industry. i think that is an area that open source is likely to struggle in. if we look at the model that most people use on their phones, most of the applications,

specific software, the features that all of these startup companies are building their business models around is developing the apps themselves, less around getting into and modifying the android kernel, if you will. >> christian, i know you've been using some of this open-source code. >> i'm using free robotic source. we are working closely with them to make it fully autonomous. we have worked with them on some the -- a vast community people working on software so it is easy to get access to people working in different parts of the source code. we basically could not afford to do our company and work on autopilot. having that available to us was extremely helpful. >> chris, what was the thinking

going on that route? >> the arc of history is pretty clear. linux is the most secure operating system. there is a reason why the internet runs on linux and not windows. i brought this for a reason. this is not our drone. this is the chinese drone made by a company connected to -- they improved it. it is a derivative design. they improved upon it. we've got 20 years of open-source experience. if you're using android, chrome, firefox, linux, you get it. open innovation -- i think this is the silicon valley way. we have our own drones out there which we would like you to buy, but if you would like to have something cheaper or white, here

it is. it works great and we did nothing to make it happen. we just put the code out there and the world used it. >> let's shift gears to another topic. i think when we are outside watching the dronie and watching chris do his mapping exercise, i was slightly stunned by the skill it takes. you guys are the professionals and i know there are some people from accenture in this space. it takes quite a while to learn how to pilot these things. how difficult is it to learn to fly one of these things and to control them? >> do uou know how to push a button? >> i will ask eric first. >> let me talk about how most people are using it today. they are still manually piloted. they are autonomous in many ways. they do hover by themselves. the directions we give them with

the sticks are not throttle up, it is go up. there are high-level directions. we're going to watch the command set go up higher and higher as the technology improves. so, what most people are experiencing now it is very easy to put this in the air and do something simple. the rest of it unfortunately is totally based on your personality. if you are very careful and meticulous and you have a goal and you know how to get there, you will probably be very successful immediately. maybe your race motorcycles on the weekend, you may end up crashing it because if you are piloting it you need to have haptic feedback. you need to control to respond in a way that lets you feel like you are connected to the device. if i have flown this phantom without touching the app, that

is the filling because it actually goes there. i'm controlling the camera and trying to be creative in that way so i think there's always going to be that component of integrated space of someone who is directing the sensors around in an interesting way. i think autonomy is always going to be tied to some amount of manual interaction and that could be perhaps programmed in. i could imagine a director telling it where to go and having someone else push the button. you do that 20 times, it is the same every time. it is a complicated question. they are very easy to use, but to do something at a very high level with them takes a bit of skill. >> christian, you are approaching a more autonomous approach. >> our focus has always been the data. we're using these tools to get

the data fast, retrieve it fast from different places and be actually able to allocate these robots in places that conditions are very bad. whether it is really cold or really hot. most of our projects are not very interesting. it is extremely valuable to them to be able to have something that gives them visibility and keeps them safe or creates measurements on a stockpile where they usually send people on top of them. in terms of our technology, we use to tell investors it is almost like in a world where you have no bikes and we basically have photographers that need to go around a construction site really fast, we created a bike for them to get on it and go around. our focus is not the bike, it is

the data that is coming back. through creating the bike, we created the wheels and used chris' products to make the handles, but our focus has always been the data. >> in your platform, you are looking at controlling multiple drones. how is that playing out? >> i think the level of autonomy is going to be related to how safe and reliable these are. if you look at people who have operated these for thousands or hundreds of thousands of flight hours, all of that is in the military. a very significant portion of their losses are all related to pilot and operator error. as we develop the software to make the aircraft highly autonomous and put things like enforced work flow so that somebody can create a mission and stay on the mission and maybe someone entirely different

is going to operate the vehicle by driving their van out there and flying the vehicle. a generation of analytics and insight may happen completely differently. that is what is going to make the system more safer to operate as well as things that are in development and the development of algorithms that can take into account where other vehicles are located. i think those are areas that we are working on. >> that is something on everyone's mind -- how to solve that very efficiently without using a lot of power. >> your colleagues are actually doing something there. >> i am not going to pitch accenture tonight. >> ok. >> there are some interesting demos and examples where we are working with a variety of different clients.

i look at a control like that and i don't really know how it works. as you look at this evolving, will we have to get certified? is it like getting a license to drive a car? >> you always needed to have a certification to be a hobbyist. i was certified. i think all of you probably certify hobbyists. today, it has gone away. you don't have to have the certification. before you go to a certain spot to fly and now you can fly anywhere. jonathan had a really good idea. i think the faa should establish something where they force people to set up a certification where you say in a year from now, we will require everyone to be certified if you want to fly drones.

that will keep people away from doing crazy things. >> we should expect the faa is going to look at certification in two ways which are the same two ways they looked at certification of manned aircraft and operations of manned aircraft which is one, certification at the level of what is essentially a director of operations at a company who is operating drones. this is the person that is responsible for everything that happens before the drone takes off. training of pilots and operators, maintenance of the vehicles, putting the right processes in place to make sure when that aircraft takes off, it is safe and reliable in the person who was responsible for operating it will operated in a safe way. the second piece of that is the actual operator of the vehicle themselves, they would need to be trained, certified, licensed in a way where that person knows the responsibility that is in their hands even if it is the case of the aircraft that is fully autonomous and what is in their hands is actually nothing but air. somebody will be the responsible party for operating aircraft's

in a certain area. i think the other interesting party that will be a piece of the puzzle is insurance companies themselves right now. about one in a hundred companies that is seeking insurance to operate drone aircrafts is able to get that insurance underwritten. the providers and the underwriters of the insurance are going to play a key role as well in establishing what some of the procedures, how some of the aircraft are designed, the software that is powering them. that will enable and determine how and where these aircraft can be used and for what purpose. >> at risk of being a little -- i mean, really? this? this costs $299 and you buy it at amazon. you need certification to use this? children use it. do you think the faa will

require this? another one is coming out in november and will weigh about a pound. maybe it's all foam. it will be the hot toy. it will be fully autonomous. it will be a toy under the christmas tree. the hot toy. faa certification? >>i know the panel is consumer drones. i'm happy to expand the focus. a lot of the focus is different. some can be addressed with kind of a very small camera from your cell phone. there are other applications that require carrying of larger equipment, larger camera systems, carrying of systems that are actually taking air

into the aircraft itself. analysis like air quality and looking for particulates in the air. there are applications where -- there is a wide variety of applications. the absolute minimum size of the aircraft is two pounds or more. they are definitely regulated. one of our earlier customers operates regularly in france. they have the most mature regulations as well as probably the most mature commercial drone industry in france right now. all of it is regulated. there is a very good process in place in which the customer can submit paperwork and have it faxed. they can do that within 24 to 48 hours prior to flying the drones. >> what is the status of regulation with drones in the states? >> our number one priority is safety. everybody agrees. the faa is also focused on safety. i believe they are not equipped today to deal with this sort of challenge. obviously, we have different

types of ideas -- certification, getting law enforcement involved, some sort of technology that detects these guys flying around so you know how high they are flying. it will be a very challenging thing to tackle. i think the faa will have to step back and collaborate with -- >> we've seen this picture before. there were telecoms and the telephone companies were regulated. but the computers were not and then they were connected over lan. then lans were connected and that is the internet and now we don't know how the regulate it. same thing with personal computers. i think what we see is time and time again you see white spaces. the world says, oh well, 2.4 gigahertz, it is wi-fi, you

cannot possibly destroy the phone networks. we do amazing things with wi-fi. gary knows this better than anybody. the silicon valley model is to take the under the radar, the grassroots, and add more functionality. under two pounds -- you can do amazing things under two pounds. they could have radar, sonar, all the atmospheric detection. if two pounds is the limit, fine, we will do it under two pounds. >> that is totally arbitrary. on both sides of these products, you can pretty much run forever and see products on both sides. i kickstarted a project that lets me control a paper airplane with my phone. will that be regulated? it's possible but probably not. you will see hundreds of products under whatever that arbitrary line is.

one line is the weight and capability of the aircraft and the other is commercial use versus hobby. hobby -- i am not certified because i came to the game much later. what i understand is it is a voluntary guideline. it has nothing to do with what is legal. it has to do with what the users -- the rules in which the users are willing to adhere to. that is what we're looking for. a set of guidelines that are perhaps voluntarily adhered to by this community. the rest of it is the message that these things are here and are not going to go away and we need to be responsible. >> i remember i used to fly back in 1994 -- not '84, i'm not that old. it used to be an engine you put gas in them. it used to be a small community. not like today where everybody

is a hobbyist and everybody can buy a drone. back in the day, everybody knew each other typically. everyone got the same news, same updates, things were not shared on facebook or twitter. things changed dramatically when it comes to the guidelines they put together way back when. it doesn't fit the landscape today. >> i funded the paper airplane. i don't imagine that will be regulated. can we turn to camera technology, eric? how was is that evolving? what is going to be possible? >> a year ago, if you were to buy one of these, you would buy something that would carry an

existing camera. in many cases, the go pro. this product, this is the phantom 2 vision plus. you notice it has what looks like a lens on a stabilizer. this was the first product in this space that really -- we decided to split the camera and to stabilize and unstabilized portions. there is no reason to stabilize a button that is used on land. what you want is a very, very robust, stable sensor and a lens. i have been flying these and other ones that carry bigger cameras for a while now. i much prefer the way these handle. luckily, a camera is a camera and they all have the same parts. if you take away the parts that are required for use when you're holding in your hands, it is still a camera with the same capabilities. you just control it from another device.

these cameras are going to hop on the same curve that normal cameras are on. we know that go pros will have a high frame rate really soon. it is going to happen this year. >> will the cameras -- two different ones -- one with a separate camera and another with an integrated camera. how will that evolve? >> i don't feel like the separate camera has real life in this game because you cannot do anything with it. yes, they're opening up bluetooth and cables to let you control things, but ours is

fundamentally designed to be controlled from the thing you are carrying in your hand or the sensor. >> they are adopting a different approach on camera technology? >> both of these are mechanically stabilized. they have these motors and gimbals and sensors. with the next generation chopper, it is digitally stabilized. the sensors have so many pixels that you can put a fish eye lens in front of it and move these rectangle captures around the sensor that it achieves the stabilization without any of the weight or complexity. it looks like a lens. as a result, because you are reducing the complexity, the copter is smaller. it is safer and cheaper. it is probably not good enough for the kind of cinematography you do, but it might be for most people. >> soon it will be. weight is absolutely critical so -- >> the fastest route to safety is lightness. if these things are dust, are basically dragonfly-sized.

the whole regulatory question goes away at that point. these can't possibly hurt anything. >> on the ski slopes, we see people wearing the go pros the whole time. when will we see people with their own personal drones flying and following them? >> next week. what you will see is one follow the skier into a tree. none of these systems have any proper avoidance technology. my response was not entirely positive. i love that they exist but it is negative because i feel like the people who buy them and use them will be disappointed because they are expecting magic. none of those videos were actually shot with products that actually follow you and avoid objects. they were shot with piloted projects. if you are on the ocean and on a yacht, that will be a great

application, but in the real world on land, you have things that stick up. the question of how you retrieve them. you have to time your run pretty well so that when you are at the bottom, you still have battery life so that it will come back to you. maybe these things will be like rocks in the future. >> the beautiful thing about it is there a lot more people thinking about it today. smart people are trying to solve that than a year ago. they're going to be a lot more people trying to solve this a year from now. it will get to a point where it is extremely reliable. i talked to a company trying to figure out how to collaborate and solve this. >> let's go to the commercial use of drones. christian, you have given some examples. where is the in for drone technology? where does it create value for commercial organizations? >> this is my own opinion. i think this is something chris said as well. we are going through this phase that the attention is the drone

>> this is my own opinion. i think this is something chris said as well. we are going through this phase that the attention is the drone itself. just like the computer era, everyone was focused on the computer. then they focused on the operating system. then what software applications you build on top. that is going to go away. it will be more focused on the practical things of how people are using or extracting out of these drones. that is going to be all about these really cool stuff that people are doing with drones that are practical, that are adding value. in the future -- i read an article about how they plan on using drones on mars or the moon to map mars and figure out if they could put a jet engine on it. people are going -- you are going to see a lot of this

application. we have been able to get so far in just a little amount of time. five years from now, all of this innovation will make it smaller, cheaper, more reliable. the battery will be far more reliable. the opportunities are incredible. we had someone ask us if we can build a drone for cleaning windows at high-rises. people are creative out there. people building these applications can provide for these different rare-use cases people are coming up with. >> some of the examples you give are aligned with improved safety, give workers less risk and increasing productivity so

you get straight to what you need to do and not worry about the safety. some of these cases -- >> for us, we are using tools these guys are building to collect the data. we are teaching all these industries how to use the data. we spend -- some of the projects we're working on are fascinating. we sit down with construction workers everyday and they use images on the screen and draw circles on top of it. they print them out. we have 200 people using our images at these very incredible sites. they turn around, they take them to the field. if someone lost something in the middle of the field, we can launch the drone, and create a new map and able to find this one item they were looking for just by looking at hi-res images. that is collection of data and being able to see things right away.

we want to go beyond that when it comes to data. we want to be able to detect things on the ground, alert people via sms messages. construction sites with three years, let me analyze the area to pinpoint the areas to improve on. all of those things are going to be tracked. two weeks ago, we had a construction site where they found a stockpile being gone and the contractor came back to recharge them for the stockpile. they were able to use the images to say you took this pile away and then brought it back. they were able to catch those guys and recharge them. they fired them, but that is the accountability that does not exist today. >> different sensors are being attached to these devices. the mapping clearly was not being done. >> it was. it was only a go pro. software does amazing things.

the big picture here is that we like many other industries are digitizing the world. we have the ability now with the sensors and cameras and satellites and camera phones -- we have the ability to now measure the world around us. bring this into the internet and the cloud and start to make sense of it. agriculture is a great example. you plant, you wait six months, and you hope for the best. we don't know what is going on because farms are too big. we can't walk the fields anymore. what if you could digitize farms? what if you close the loop? what if you could figure out we don't have to spray pesticides today because we don't have a disease infection. we know that because we digitized the world.

that is just one example. >> let me ask a question. jeff bezos, when he was talking about the drone delivery of amazon, said that it will be five years out from becoming a reality. why? what is going to happen and change? >> safety wise, there are so may things they have not thought about. you cannot have it flying into your front yard with kids around. chris and i talked about this. a lot of things these guys and to think about before you go into that world. >> there are a lot of technical challenges that comes into play between delivering something from point a to point b and point a and point b are always the same to delivering from point a to maybe thousands of amazon lockers to delivering from point a to everyone's

household, including apartments and homes and anywhere else people may be asking for deliveries. farther than five years out. it may in some cases never be possible from a regulatory standpoint. may be applications where something's being delivered from a known area to a known area, i think are some of the applications of delivery we would see first. some of our early data customers or researchers at m.i.t. demonstrates the delivery in africa and southeast asia where its delivering to is a known quantity. the case is a life-saving scenario so there is a high motivation to make sure this happens.

>> working with autopilots, knowing your weight, you cannot have that as a variable because it complicates the autopilot. it needs to be a fixed weight in order for it to be efficient. >> you mentioned the social, good aspect of drones. i would be interested to hear more about those examples where drones are doing social good. >> we are building a platform that is focused not on a single vertical application but all at the same time broadly on a lot of applications. what we did is we took a wall and started writing all of the different things on the wall that we thought drones will be used for. we came up with a lot of common commercial ones that we talked about here. we also had a section of the wall where he wanted to come up with some of the things we hope and we wanted to see drones really used for and that is where we came up with things like antipoaching operations, wildlife conservation, area of delivery of vaccines and medicine. those are examples we have been involved in.

>> any other -- >> one of the interesting things we got the early days was walmart. they asked us if -- this is something they publicly talk about. the use of satellite imagery to figure out how many people go to stores but they wanted to take a step farther and find out how many people go to the stores based on their ad campaigns or their commercials on tv. being able to map that and correlate that -- 30 people showed up in the store -- globally and regionally is huge. another person was talking about the satellite company that was sold to google how they are selling imagery around all the manufacturing plants in china where they can tell if they are

manufacturing a new apple phone because they see the trucks going in and out. they are selling this data to different people. >> we have like five minutes before we will go to q&a. let's talk about where the money is. i've seen predictions by someone whose company is in the audience tonight around the drone market for 2025. driving almost $100 billion of economic value. the faa saying in a couple of years there will be 10,000 drones. >> we have more than that in a month. >> i'm wondering why they're coming out with a number so low. where is the value today? how is it going to evolve over time? >> it starts with hardware and then becomes data. right now, these things are basically a way to get sensors in the sky.

what you do is a big opportunity. we are essentially a software company. we are very happy to have other people make the hardware. at the end of the day, no one cares about the drone, they care about what he can do. whether that is video, pure data -- it's about the cloud service. >> fast forward what these guys are doing which is enabling the public to do what uber did for anyone to be a driver. you can be an agent and provide services to people that you couldn't do before. it could be a a search and rescue person with a drone and utilize these drones to find people with the data.

the amount of things that will show up in the next three or five years will be unimaginable today. >> the value will be services and date, not hardware? >> satellites are a precedent for this. climate corporations said they would take the satellite data and sell it to farmers but they didn't know what they would do with it. they went back to ask the farmers what they wanted. the answer was they have this variability in their crops and they want cheaper crop insurance. they turned it to an analysis that allowed them to generate better crop insurance and became an insurance company and sold for a billion dollars. >> i cannot wait until the day when drones are boring. i've been using these basically every day for a number of years. i still get excited because they fly, but it is just a tool. i am not thinking about the drone anymore, i am thinking about what i am doing with it. i don't care about it. it is a thing that can take a

camera or sensor somewhere. it changes a little bit. if you like to do flips and stuff, the technology is changing fast enough so you are always interested in what is coming out. i am interested in flying longer, flying more safely, and getting a better picture out of it. i don't think about other features. >> you see that with journalists as well. >> this is about robotics in general. the moment it works, it is a dishwasher. i cannot wait for these things to serve as dishwashers. who cares? i would love to take the word robotics out of our company name. it is like -- who cares how it flies? it flies. discuss. >> the cost of the hardware is coming down every so many

months. we have the viewpoint that just consider the cost of the hardware free. if the hardware was free tomorrow, where is the value? it is in the software and software specifically that requires fewer people on the ground operating the aircraft and software that enables you to operate them in an autonomous way. it lowers the risk associated with using the technology. software that allows you to be compliant with any regulations and what the insurance requirements are. software and then, of course, the purpose of all the software. these big, giant multinational companies are all interested in using drones. they are not actually interested in using it at all. they're interested in the data they could collect by using drones. it is just one type of data

collection mechanism and in many cases, these companies have many ways to get the data but they are doing it from the ground where it is usually overly costly, dangerous, or very time intensive to do so. it could be decreased by doing it on the air. >> let's have some q&a. start over here. >> first, is there any definitive website or publication where all drone people go periodically? for example, if someone wanted to issue an rfp for a certain type of drone. and there is a new drone company every week so they would not know who to send it to so they would post it there. how would the new faa rules be made? would there be proposed rulemaking? what is going to prevent the

bozo factor? for example, having a two pound limit on drones to me is kind of dumb because you can get killed by a one pound drone falling out of the sky. what would make sense to me is the harm factor. what is its terminal velocity divided by its hardness? a 20-pound styrofoam drone would do less harm. >> that is how france looked at the regulation. i think one of the biggest problems in the united states is that congress mandated that the faa come out with regulations and from the onset said one of the dividing points is 55 pounds. it is unfortunate. they should've said to the faa, you come up with regulations that you think are appropriate and the faa would've likely looked at this problem and say 55 pounds does not make sense as a dividing line. what may make sense is two pounds or five pounds or certain amount of kinetic energy. in other countries like france, they have dividing lines at much

lower weight classes than 55 pounds. >> there is the manned airspace territory. then there is the unmanned. above a thousand feet, what you are worried about is plane collisions. what would take down a jetliner? 55 pounds would definitely take one down. two pounds is bird sized. if a jet engine ingested this, would this be a terrible thing? that should be the limit. below 1000 feet, you're talking about running into trees, power lines, and children. there you are talking about personal safety. i don't want two pounds landing on my head which is why i would like this down to six ounces. >> the other thing that exists below 1000 feet is manned helicopter flights including

search-and-rescue, police, as well as flights. they're almost always below 1000 feet. helicopters are more efficient the closer to the ground they fly. especially in agriculture, cropdusting within the last two years has already been multiple incidences of small unmanned aircraft nearly colliding with cropduster aircraft. the two to four pound aircraft is a large obstacle to hit at 70 miles an hour in a plane the only ways 1000 pounds. >> 83 feets happens to be a number arbitrarily in the law. 83 feet was some chicken farmer back in world war ii decided that airplanes flying below 83 feet was scaring his chickens. that is not regulated. tell me what the number is. 6 ounces, 83 feet. whatever. i think we can innovate around that. >> [indistinguishable] >> there is a committee called -- >> the question was how will the

rules get made? >> part of the proceess is there is a subcommittee in which there are people from the faa and several industry companies that are involved with coming up with part of the process and proposed rules. the faa's supposed to release the proposal of the rules will be which will not take effect until next year and that is for that is specifically for smaller unmanned aircraft. lex you a question, how did you keep up to date in space. what is the forum? >> we sit on the committee that is tasked with creating the rules. once the rules are in place, what is the standard your hardware and software have to comply with in order to be used for commercial operations. >> next question.

that is where i go. in the consumer space, interested in hobby flying he have to go to the forums. the saa talks about the challenges of setting up the laws. one of the biggest challenges, and we have a lot of relationships with the faa as well is working with law enforcement come a working with the city come a how will they enforce these laws? it just becomes extremely expensive if you start thinking about having these guys flying around and police having to be responsible for enforcing these things. you will see courts with people we are tackling the

.rivate space area so they are massive companies. are active at working with the faa. working out a plan of attack with them. >> eric klein. chris, you made a great, that we are digitizing the world. what happens when i digitize my neighbor or competitors or valuable data. >> i get that question a lot.

buying over your neighbor's backyard is illegal. banned by faa regulation. you cannot fly over by populated areas. anyone flying over your backyard is essentially subject to a cease and dismiss and $10,000 fine. this varies from region to region. we have something like 80 cities and towns in the legislative processes right now to try to figure out. also a moving target because of traffic cameras and camera phones etc.. i think at least in the united states where we do not have a monolithic privacy rules, it purposesore on safety rather than privacy. one thing we can agree on is we

do not want that flying in the backyard whether it is taking pictures or not. lex i would say there is a lot of existing tort law and space around privacy. yourny cases flying over neighbors yard and taking pictures is more of a civil case than a criminal case or a case where the faa needs to be involved at all. a lot of people do not know what these are yet and do not know what kind of cameras they carry. they assume if they can see you. that may not be the case. a guy was attacked by a woman on a public beach because he was flying one. he caught it all on video. the complaint was video should not be allowed. he was attacked because she said he was a pervert. he posted the footage he got, which is very high level. not understand what

that thing was and what he was doing with it and chose to attack him for it instead. that's one thing people do not think about until they see them is you can take your camera phone and hold it up to the fence. they have no idea. you fly one of these things are written your head and you totally know. >> pushback for the industries. ofing my business out operating a crane camera or helicopter shots for movies. be looking at this as threatening. >> i think for many of the industries we are looking at technology as a tool. and also something that would sign so total market

they can do some of the miles of inspection that are not economical to inspection today with drones. it is an increasing possibility. the whole it's -- the whole space gets a lot of possibility. there might very well be a good reason for putting a big helicopter in the air. there are many good reasons. hollywood has re: the in using this. when you see aerial shots and movies, chances are they were taken with a drone or something. they have been under the radar because you are not allowed to do this commercially according to the faa. now that is starting to change. we are seeing conversations between hollywood and faa an exception to the rule. >> unlike most robotics, these create jobs. right now it is hard to get cameras in the skies because it

is dangerous. so as a result the skies are largely empty. so it is not like he's things are replacing pilots. these things are doing jobs that are not being done at all. >> my own experience, we were working with the university and went to a farm and he did not like us at all. we will try out the new technology. it will help us automate the agriculture. he was completely opposed to using it. he is like i walk my farms. understoodhing, we the whole process. we went ahead and include the drone around, got a lot of sogery and were using these we can see with the drone is seeing. we invited him to fly with us. we had one last battery.

fascinated with the goggles. he finally agreed. that was beautiful. he is like you always need someone to analyze the data. >> hello. have heard about facebook and enjoy internet and things like that. they want to provide internet signal everywhere to remote laces. what is the biggest challenge you see here for facebook to provide internet with drones? >> one of the big challenges is flying at such a high altitude. the way they are proposing doing

this is using solar power flying at 70,000 feet. the benefit is the controlled airspace is 50,000 feet. the challenging part is to get up to 70,000 feet and operate there. where there is very little air and where you need an incredibly which is in most cases not incredibly sturdy. but you have to fly it through to other layers of airspace get up there. that is a difficult challenge. that is an altitude nearing space. you have to harden your electronics and software to deal with things like radiation. >> you are talking about the peace dividend extending the fundamental technology similar satellites.r to >> one thing we think about a lot are are we competing with satellites?

the few stats between elon musk and the planet labs is bought by google. we saw this picture before. 15 years ago satellite phones versus cell phones. put 64 satellites out there and cover the world, why would you put cell phone towers every three miles? it is expensive. the higherut bandwidth, the resolution of the terrestrial network beat the reach of the satellite network. have 100 these things times better river -- better resolution. the data is free. you can get anywhere anytime access to the skies. that relates are getting better. they are getting cheaper. i think it will be an ethic not all.

satellite versus drones. but system coverage with the technologies. i want to answer the question about a truck, getting social networks interested in buying things is phenomenal. it helped me. it helps everybody. ambitious product like that are fascinatingly. lot of the stories out there, specifically technology a do not big buty of it has been at least we are thinking big. theseback to this, companies are eating satellite or lunch. i think that will happen.

becoming easier and easier, flying under the crowd. it is just going to happen. so whether analyzing a field in agriculture or photography, what types of interactions do you guys see these drones with nature? drone orn the colliding with it, tell us about your experience that are interesting. >> gliding. about 15-- i've wrote income.that lost there are interactions with wildlife certainly. many of the protected areas have projections. so you cannot fly over them at low altitude anyway. i have flown over a lot of wildlife. part thesethe most things are completely ignored. if it is a big animal, these things are small.

whale,re flying over which i have not done, a lot of old listing to this. there are a lot of rules against these things in areas. bird strikes are a factor. this goes back to safety. these things so the resistance of being struck by something can happen. butcopter is not a problem the fixture of the airplane is intoived as intrusions territorial space by birds of prey. hawks often attack lanes. i can tell you that the hawks win. bees, dragonflies, anything that will go investigate these things. .

mostly looking at where you're flying to determine whether you should be fine there. that is most important. >> you know, one interesting thing, we had a big company come weus asking when we said were about data and multiple companies coming to us asking for this that was incredible. with company wanted to hire us sway birds away from the turbines. the deal was attractive enough to try it out. test and was extremely challenging. trying to keep birds away from the combines. birds get used to you.

they get used to it and go past it. as we put more of these things in the air, i think birds get used to these things flying around. >> one last story. is anlifornia condo endangered species. they have been attracted north by ranches, callous and carcasses. their natural territory is in baja. so the people in charge of the san diego zoo and other charged want to encourage the condors to move south. so what they do is they drop tom on a breadcrumb trail the south. how do you tell a condor there is a dead cow a couple miles away? >> looking for a circling column. you want a circle of birds. the answer is a drone.

you get a drone to circle over a dead cow. from a distance it looks like another bird of prey. you just keep doing it every 10 miles all the way down to baja. >> wow. [applause] next question, please. way over here. you know, we have talked a lot about drones as flying objects in terms of pounds, to town, 20 pounds, but as you said, they could become like dusk. i am wondering about how you are interacting with your clients, public like this and thinking about perhaps a drone in our centerpiece tonight and able to view and listen to the conversation. you mentioned was an

aside, i do not think in the context that is really the case. how are you thinking about the evolution of drones in terms of the embedded sensors into everyday experience because humans do not have the capacity perhaps to sense there is a sensor. >> do you have a smartphone? because i have been worth courting you -- recording you the entire time. >> the sensors are are ready here. .e will have to catch up this space will catch up to the phone at some point, maybe but getting more and more interesting. so we have only gone in one direction historically. i did not know what that can sustain itself forever. people are building drones for want -- monitor watering.

thee folks navigate in water. completely autonomous. i think you will see a lot of innovation. the flying things get center stage. they get the most attention. there is innovation and robotics brewer. whole, theys as a are looking for automation. when it comes to safety, remove humans from very dangerous places and put robots instead. that is going beyond flying things. like there has to be a privacy discussion i think fundamentally if you are talking about things that can record, move in space and record. we have two think about privacy is a fundamental issue and no matter what tool you use, still violating privacy. so i would love to get a discussion away from jones and treat these things as just moving sensors and take policy

around the entire class. >> next question. >> this question in response to jonathan statement about hardware becoming free. in the course of technology in recent years, software has become free. probably about every new service i enroll in today is free software. you see them maybe not so concerned. >> software is certainly not free and definitely the case why payingerprise companies for the software. i know i personally pay for a lot of software -- software and the company pays for software. >> it is just a difficult thing. some of the scenarios where ,ou're using multiple drones,

there is significant value at stake here. >> i think of the drone industry in the space today of having a lot of corollaries to the early computer industry. certainly the case that people started by building a lot of hardware, building it in their garage. of hardware where there was very little software available for it. then with the emergence of things like the personal computer where a lot of initially you are buying hardware and then the emergence of things like operating systems, which i think we all saw dos and windows becomes a number of choice for a number of decades. i think we began to see eventually the model that was a lot more around software that

was free. the data paid for. i would not be surprised at all if we see a more similar progression in where a lot of the value is in this space as well. >> i agree. give away thee bits until the adams. all of the software is free. we happen to make money by substantiating the hardware and software. i think i agree with john, ultimately the data is where the value lies. they're not free. the data is what is important. that is why it is free. the other thing about hardware being free is there are consumer balls and all of this. i think all the other stuff may you get free. batteries you have to replace and will not be free. waxman question. >> you mentioned a few times but

drone is just a tool. we have heard how it was a tool and stuff, but i am curious about specifically in the world whether it be a sports thing, espn, the next blue planet, what is it the cinematographer will be able to do they have never been able to do in the past, ignoring reality and privacy. about great thing creative arenas is that it is really up to the people out there with the tools doing these things. whatever they can dream up, they can do. we really think about these as cameras you can arbitrarily position. anything close to the ground is beyond reach in new territory. what we're seeing now is a mad rush.

video i had go viral was i went out for a morning of fun and shot it. no one had filmed surfers from 15 feet up. not particularly great video by today's standards but catch in the imagination of a lot of people. covered a lotan of great article. the possibility of crashing. they are certain we challenges. if you do a youtube search, you will find every kind of low also chewed imagery imaginable. some of it is incredibly creative. a lot of it is just people having fun in a backyard.

the whole venture. >> if you look at go pro being used professionally, one of the things that is amazing is it is disposable. it can get damaged. consideredrones be disposable? >> i think we're are ready there. cost lesslast -- this than the go pro camera. they do not cost much. them as tools that are disposable. if you are working in immature you spend a lot of money and time on travel. these are relatively inexpensive compared to the other costs. the thing i am worried about is littering. you do not want to consider them disposable. if you go to national parks now and see beautiful arts, you will

find propeller parks because everyone is trained to fight through it. you really want to think about these things. batteries can catch fire. potential for bad things to happen. >> one thing we have been working on is actual disposable drones for the airplanes, it was biodegradable foam. you stand 100 out and none come back. the data comes back. the measuring of pools. what happens is when they do not doublescome back, it the range. they land in the water. the foam melts. a very small amount of metal the sling to the bottom. -- sync to the bottom. >> one last thing in the creative elements. have in our pockets the most extraordinary cameras and

standard based on youtube that we are now able to tell her own stories, record our own lives was cinematic quality. this is just one more of these tools. if you watch the nfl games, you get cameras on wires and incredible aerial shots. why shouldn't your kids soccer game be recorded the same way you go >> one more question. >> regarding the application of drones for delivering goods in urban area and especially looking ahead when we will have hundreds of drones flying, how do you consider the problem of the air traffic. private or public agency. >> we are working with nasa to explore options of building out lowwhat is considered

altitude air traffic management system specifically for this application of aerial delivery. i think some of the key elements of that is conductivity with the drones themselves so they can all be essentially in real time where they are positioned and coordinated in a way like the robots and the systems implementation where they all communicate in real-time so that what looks like a near miss between two robots is a well orchestrated system by which they could never have hit each other, even if one of them have lost communications. i think we will see something similar. >> we are doing the same thing. a standard that is basically a transponder where aircraft carry this thing and appear to carry air traffic control detection

but does not have to be a physical device. bycan be a virtual signal which the aircraft knows the position and since the position by telemetry and then broadcast by the network the faa runs. we actually have artie implemented this. our vehicle can already report positions. >> just like with cars that have registration and are tracked by cameras in every corner and police and everything. days i was working on the highway. we basically took the initiative to talk to the city first to talk about how they can benefit for things flying around. from registration, pull payment,

we basically layer on top of that for what the technology would be to lay out this. 15 years from now, that is why i never did it. >> that is great. thank you to our sharing so much for your perspective. really appreciate it. [applause] and also to robin for your guidance, pre-and during program, guiding the conversation. you did a wonderful job. [applause] we have a small gift for you, of theaker t-shirt churchill club. please wear that in good health. the deer should be available i

tomorrow or the next day on the youtube channel. a very wonderful audience as usual. thank you so much. hope to see you next week. good night. [applause] the hill has an article today entitled immigration reform is alive, but not in congress. we would like to know if you think president obama should use his executive authority on immigration. more than 500 at the have responded so far on facebook and would like to read your

comments. leave them at a spot. congress is back on capitol hill on -- this week. the senate meets later to vote on judicial nomination and whether to move forward to open up more land for hunting and fishing. tomorrow will be back including a preclearance program, as well as and take terrorism standards of the chemical facilities. later, a scheduled debate for energy and water projects for 2015. you can see the house live on c-span. the senna on c-span2. immigration and other topics are coming up shortly during today's white house briefing with josh earnest. that gets underway at 11:30. in the meantime, more on the week ahead in congress to capitol hill reporters to joined us from this morning's washington journal.

host: thank you both for joining us. i want to discuss what is the big issue facing on -- facing lawmakers on capitol hill this week. go >> could be legislation that would authorize the administration over executive action. that could get a lot of press because the republicans are upset the president has used the to pass aapproach change regulation that he cannot get congress to agree with him on. that will be a really interesting story line this week. turning tolk about the house and senate this week. i think we will see slow progress on a lot of bills as well. i think the more interesting piece of legislation will with thebe the house

lawsuit against the house. guest: i think the lawsuit against the white house is a big issue. does not happen all that often. it comes at a time when the public approval rating for washington institutions are just astonishingly low. it is at seven percent, which i think it is as low as the polling from any institution in history of gallup polling on institutions. so there is a lot of pressure to respond in a way that looks at hearing what the public is saying and not clear what the outlet will be to get anything accomplished. the reason behind that is the upcoming election. we have a pivotal upcoming election where they think taking the majority is in their grasp, perhaps more than any other

election nears and the past eight years or so. i think they're plotting their strategy with the 2014 election in mind, and this is part of that. trying to do something to stop an administration that the base is not particularly happy with. get out people they can in 2014, the more likely they are to win the seat's in the senate that will help them win the majority. >> you mentioned the upcoming race. what is the most past legislation prior to congress? what does congress absolutely have to get done? guest: nothing. they could leave for august and not do a thing. that could not be out of the question either. there are some things i want to get done. for example, lots of lots of news about the difficulties in carrying for our veterans. there are negotiations right now that are promising between the house and senate.

our legislation to reform the veterans administration and change the way the care is administered is high on the list of things they want to accomplish before they leave town. the house is passing spending legislation. that is one of the obligations congress has. a never get this stuff done on time. the house has managed to pass these bills because it is not very difficult to do that. possibility they could take up legislation that would rein in the power of the nsa to use surveillance abilities on american. negotiations are ongoing and talk about that legislation. basically we have a couple of weeks in july. then they had -- had out until pretty much after labor day. when you a short amount of time like that, the house will keep passing things. in the senate, everything slows

down. they have a 60 vote threshold for just about everything. plus, the rules are slower by nature. the likelihood of the passage of these bills is pretty small at this point just because of the timeframe. there was a very curious coincidence this year. will run out october 1 and so does the import-export bank. americans are probably saying what does it do? this is what could actually reduce prices this year over funding because it has become a very important issue for house republicans. they see it and make sample as crony capitalism. why are we hoping caterpillar this ises overseas? another issue with the chamber of commerce. very strongly in favor of

passing it. ted cruz, the tea party group could go to the wall over this one, especially if it is linked to the appropriations deadline. on a similar note, running out of money for the highways. the sides are passing something, maybe a short-term measure. if they are gone but that happens, you could see the road work slowdown. because of that pretty heavy negotiations to pass something short-term. we problem there is because have a divided congress. republicans and democrats do not agree how to pay for it. until they come up with a plan they both can settle on, there is a threat the highway funding could dry up in august. at this point the secretary of transportation has already

warned the state they would get reduced funding during the month of august to help slow down and make sure they do not completely run out of money. are interested in the discussion and the import export bill, we will be joined by an expert of the financial times. the topic is the week ahead in congress. .oined by gail russell craddock to join our conversation, the democrats number -- republicans (202) 737-0002, independents (202) lena on first caller democrats line. caller: my question is to susan. i would like to know how can we notmericans sue the gop for doing their job for the past six years. always talking about suing our

presidents who is trying to do the best he can do and the gop has always blocked him. how can we as citizens to congress? that is what we need to do. i am tired of talking about suing our president. would you please answer the question? >> thank you. >> that is part of the question. a lot of people surprised to hear congress can sue the president. i think that outlet for voters is to go to the poll and register feelings there and bring people to office that you think could help move legislation more quickly. part of the issue is on the one hand people feel congress is there to pass laws and outlaws to the books. i think there another group appeal -- people that feel congress passes too many laws and makes too many changes. that government should get out of the way. that divide is what they are about, democrats versus the publicans. havenk that is why you

republican suing the president, they disagree with the mood to make changes to the law without consulting congress. remember, we have three branches of government for a reason. they are supposed to moderate each other. this is frustrating to people who say they like what the president is doing and are tired of congress getting in the way. that is part of the debate we are having right now. >> i want to look at an article for the christian science monitor. if congress does not come up with a plan soon, transportation secretary said test -- said saturday. just how big of a deal is this? example of high construction season. roads insy to build new england in january and february said now was the time. for two parties that talks a great deal about jobs, the idea

of pulling the plug on something that obviously in place people into important come it is another bad sign for congress. nex host: next caller in chesapeake, virginia. caller: i would like to comment on suing the president. i think he is doing the best he can. it will take a fair amount of time to get in. good afternoon, everyone. see your smiling faces. joined by secretary of education, arne duncan. he is preparing to have lunch with the president and a handful of teachers at the white house in a few minutes so we've thought we would bring into the briefing room to talk about the announcements made at the

department of education to make good qualitya teacher in the classroom. with that, we will let secretary duncan make opening remarks and take questions and then move onto to the other business today. >> good morning. over the past couple of days i have had the opportunity to meet hundreds and hundreds of fantastic educators across the state. it -- alts students reach their full potential is a lifework of america's great teachers and principals. and these educators know the enormous challenges the students growing up in poverty can face. right now, despite teachers and principals herculean efforts, students from low income families and students of color been face achievement gaps. on the 2014 assessment, only 24% of students eligible for free lunch were proficient on a

fourth grade math test compared to almost 60% of other students. as everyone here knows, access to great teachers has far-reaching positive impacts and effects for students, including increased achievement levels, increased likelihood of college attendance, and higher wages over their lifetime. other high-performing countries not only understand the profound truth, but more important, they act upon it. students from, low income families are more likely to have access to high-quality teachers. on individualgle states, race and income still student access to excellent educators. that is simply unacceptable and we must do better together. the example of teachers rated effective is 50% higher in low minority schools and in high

poverty schools. tennessee, low party low minority schools have almost a 33% more teachers rated highly effective when compared to high poverty, high minority schools. in north carolina, highly effective teachers are 50% more likely to leave a disadvantaged school the school of more privilege. by no means are the states alone. far from it. i applaud their courage in making the information public and transparent. change can also -- only, and we deal open and honestly with facts. we need more states to challenge the status quo. this problem exists because of equities that sure changed certain schools, communities and districts across the country. teachers and principals are not the problem and essential elements of the solution. they devote their lives to preparing students for college and careers and we need to provide the support they need to

succeed and stay at high need school where their talent and commitment is so desperately needed. today collaboration in -- with partners we launched the excellent educators for all initiative, three-pronged strategic effort to help state and district support great teachers and principals to come to and stay in high needs schools and communities. first, acting states to submit comprehensive plans to ensure progress toward educator equity raised on data and input from teachers, and districts and community groups and submit that to the department by april 20 15. second, we will use four point $2 million to launch the new educated -- educator group to provide states and districts real-time support in developing and implementing their plans. help, equity profiles to use data to identify gaps to expert teaching for low-income and minority students as well as schools and are consistently

beating the odds and can serve as an example for other schools across the nation. we will update the profiles every two years using civil rights data collection project and monitor progress toward goals. we urge states to publicly report progress on their own metrics each year, encouraging ongoing public dialogue, input and ideas and revise lands as necessary. this announcement builds on our reach to crucial partners at every level, including an inspiring conversation hosted by the council of chief state -- to state school offices. otherl keep pushing each to be bold, act with urgency and meet the tough colleges with thoughtful, creative solutions. the simple truth is all students deserve excellent educators and all educators deserve our full support. to reach the goals, there are no magic elixir quick fixes.

the best ideas will not come from any of us in washington. we want to help states and districts to be creative in retaining and supporting excellent educators and encourage them to evolve and listen to the teachers and principals that are doing the hard work every single day. this is one part of a larger educational equity conversation, which we are working to promote fiscal equity as well and access to high-quality preschool, rigorous college coursework, social and emotional support and fair and appropriate school discipline policies. our department will not require any particular approach, but i can share common themes we have consistently heard from teachers and principals across the nation doing this work. first, great teachers follow great principles, so we should all work to improve the quality of the ability of leaders of high need school. inond, they work with teams need time to collaborate so we need to provide flexibility to allow this to happen.

third, great teachers need extra help and support, particularly early on in their careers so we should provide high-quality coaching, mentorship and professional learning opportunities. fourth, great teachers want to grow and take on additional leadership the possibility so we need to create opportunities that do not require them to leave the classroom to advance professionally and have greater impact. great teachers absolutely deserve to be well paid for extra efforts and responsibility and effectiveness for keeping students on track to succeed in college and career. finally, great teachers and principals are in it for the long haul and we must be as well. meaningful reformist take tireless work and relentless commitment. the good news here is across the country many people are taking real action, showing real courage and creativity in working to challenge the status quo. in boston the district partnering to support and retain teams of the best of experienced

teachers and the results have been pretty profound. comes the state department of education implementing the task system for teacher and student advancement system with high concentration of minority and low income students. differentiale get compensation. the early results are very promising. the imbalance between highly effective and less effective teachers has basically closed in those schools. finally, in ohio the state has provided $18 million and the four-year grant of a collaborative to help 27 rural districts join together in addressing the new challenges they face and injuring teachers have the support they need. together let shape of conversation that is natural -- national below: the solution and find a way to support students and educators and keep working together until we make the change is a reality for every single child in the country.

>> thank you. nea seems to be pushing frustrations on you directly. for youred resignation. i was wondering if you could respond to that call and broader concerns about the administration policies. like i was trying to stay out of you -- loan will -- local union politics. we have had good relationships in the past. onare working together national labor management conference each year. they have elected a new president and wish her the best of luck. wish her the best of luck as we move forward. >> mr. secretary, you did not mention tenure in your point of emphasis in this initiative. as you know, california they have the sort of earthquake throughout the primary school system with removal of 10 year.

you were generally praiseworthy at the time and identified some of the students who brought the suit were big mice by some of the things you were trying to address here. can you talk to us about that? when you said earlier teachers and principals were not the problem, the complementary reaction suggested some teachers are the problem. >> i want to be clear i will always support new process. i will always support -- support the right to tenure. we wanted to be a meaningful bar. i think folks will continue after 18 months. this should be earned by demonstrating effectiveness. we think across the country folks can come together. they can either litigate this for the next 10 years or think about how we support teachers and how we make sure students are supported as well. those teachers should absolutely be linked. we think there is a common sense way to do that and hope oaks will come together to work on that together. come together to work on this together. >> i am wondering how you will

plan state waivers for no child left behind i'm going forward? >> we just really want states to take this very seriously that if we are close -- serious about closing the achievement gap, we have to be serious about closing the opportunity cap. is tow how important it giving disadvantaged children a chance to be successful. so shining a spotlight on this. having to raise conversations we think is very important to where we need to go to estimation. this as a look at piece of what we are considering. having stayed focused on this and having public, transparent conversations about where they are, where they're trying to go and more progress toward the goal, we think it is importantly exercise for the nation to undertake. >> mr. secretary, last month the governor of louisiana talked about the common core. what do you think of that move on his part, and how are these

new reforms relating to the common core? it or in addition to its? >> great teachers are essential to everything we're doing to helping students. across the country is going to the fall, over 40 states are moving forward with higher standards. we think that is fantastic. we think in louisiana the government is a bit isolated. teachers are all moving forward. teachers need the support of statehouses to raise the bar. standards, telling the children the truth of where they are, we think is the right thing to do for the nation. >> high standards. that is what we are about. preparing students for college everywhere. aboutt you are talking today has no congressional opponent it sounds like. is this coming about because you asked congress to do something and they would not do it?

where is congress at? to party inlove congress on any and everything we do. we would love congress to fix no child left behind, which is broken. one of the unintended consequences of the no child left behind law, 20 states found their standards to make politicians look good. that was bad for children and education in the country. and we want to raise standards and take on the equity challenge in a very serious way. and a perfect world we would address this in a bipartisan way with congress. we just cannot continue to wait. our children have one chance so we will move now. plans you are asking the school chiefs to submit were started under the two thousand six law, right? >> correct. >> are you asking them to update

or lot of member sentiment in the first place? >> was saved committed before was seven or eight years ago so asking them to be transparent in the data, what is working and what is not, some places doing a great job, others not taking so seriously but giving them a chance to put their best feet forward. again, the state chief officers have been a fantastic art and are here. a real level of courage and commitment, which makes me hopeful. we want them to submit their plan and going forward, have clear metrics. be transparent in that. this be part of the business of what they're doing as we move forward. are also seeing in the documents released earlier today that inexperienced teachers are often in high need schools. do you think inexperienced teachers should go? >> you can have an first-year teachers obviously, with a diversity of

veteran and younger players as well. so when a school or school has disproportionate numbers of inexperienced teachers, that is not a good thing. you want to balance them. we are looking to increase effectiveness in disadvantaged communities. as a nation, we have far too few incentives and lots of incentives for the most committed and hard-working teachers to go to the communities that need the most help. we have to get together to reverse that. i did not hear a direct response to julie's question kerry at the nea has directly called for your resignation and appreciate the sentiment behind the call. the two, the largest teachers union, i'm like to hear your direct response, and is it your indication that when it comes to the kinds of reforms you and others have been pushing over

the years, when it comes to tenure, charter schools being able to remove ineffective teachers, the teachers union is an obstacle to reform? weingarten, standing with us. the nea is finishing up the convention. agree on many issues. we disagree occasionally. i do not conduct -- get caught up in union politics. we continue to work with very -- very closely with both unions and generally have good working relationships. >> all right. i do not have anything to talk about other than what the secretary had to say. >> i wanted to ask about the reports about possible u.s.

fight in germany. they strive for the u.s.. are you in a position to confirm whether that is accurate? >> i am not in a position to do that. we have seen those reports and are aware that a german citizen was arrested over the weekend, and alongside the claim he was purportedly working with a u.s. intelligence agency. the reason i cannot comment on this particular matter is that involves two things, the first is a pending german law enforcement investigation. i would not want to get ahead of that or interfere in the investigation. to directn, it goes intelligence matter as related to the united states. that is not something i frequently comment from the podium here. and i can say more generally here is the relationship in the germany ises with incredibly important. it is a very close ardor shift we have on a range of security

issues, including intelligence issues. the partnership is built on respect. built on decades of cooperation and shared value. all of those things are high priority. not just this administration but this country. we will work with the germans to resolve this appropriately. >> chancellor merkel said if the reports are true, that it would be a clear contradiction of trust between allies. if.bviously a big >> if this were to be true, to be the kind of intelligence the u.s. does in a country like germany, a close ally, is that something the president would be comfortable with, given his as a closeis seen contradiction of trust? >> i understand the purpose of the question but it is based on a--- hypothetical. suffice it to say that does not change the fact that we highly value the close working

relationship we have with the germans on a wide range of issues, but particularly on security and intelligence matters. that is very important to national security of the united states and allies. we value that partnership. built on shared trust, friendship, and build on shared values. relationship. that is why we will work through this matter and ensure it is resolved appropriately with the >> did not come up in the call. of the arrestnt was made by law enforcement officials on friday. the call between the president and the chancellor called -- occurred on thursday. have said the president is looking for supplemental spending. exactly how mucne