that has to do with the book that i wrote. we can rewrite happiness so it is not about mood and we can use it using emerging technology. (app)" comes the " into play. it is how you can be accountable, a provider, and proactive. it has to do so with subject matter i cover in the book. >> what is the role of technology in creating happiness? >> i think the first thing is that technology is so much a part of our lives. has in anse, it extent become a spirit of outside of questions that are cyborg, like and we have a fake limb that is wi-fi enabled, which is possible. smartphones are such a huge part of our lives. to say i will ignore technology, for most of us in this day and age, it is hard to do. i read a study that was

commissioned by the people at huffington post. of the women surveyed, and there were 3000 people, 48% said they would rather skip sex for a month then go without their smoke from -- smartphone. lessig knowledge all of the wonderful tools that are being used largely right now by advertisers and marketers to track our allies to make sure that our data is safe but use all the sensors and other aspects of these phones so that we can actually recognize and study the patterns of our well-being, our mood, and i actually-- and optimize and increase our happiness. not just our mood, but are intrinsic long-term well-being. >> how tracked are we? ubiquitously,ked intimately, and all the time. i think it is easier to assume

that there are very few times that we are not tracked. by that, most people will say to me that they read a lot for a technology magazine like "the guardian." they will say, it does not affect me because i am not on facebook or my grandmother is not on face the. i say to them, first of all the number is something like 45 million people whose photos are on facebook and who can be facially identified through tagging. they may not even be on facebook. to say that my activity and behavior that i know about means that i am not being tracked is in general, factually untrue. it is best to it knowledge what is there. secondly, think outside of mobile technology in our laptops, which are used the idea of cookie data as we type in our computer and go to a website, we are aware that we leave a track of our digital activity through these cookies. a lot of people do not understand the concept of the

internet of things, or what is also known as ubiquitous computing. in theans that sensors world around us or things like surveillance cameras as well that track our lives. one example that we are familiar with is something like an ezpa ss. jersey.n you're going 70 miles per hour and you get it automatically deducted from your credit card. that is technology that has a timestamp, location stamp, and is directly attached to my finances. that is one piece of my identity that day when i'm being tracked. knowingly and extensively i have given permission for that. we are tracked all the time. >> john hoeven, you write in your new book "hacking andp)iness," i see data technology when in informed choice as being instrumental for

informed living. >> i do, and thank you for the quote. if we want our lives to count, we have to take account of our lives. the book was inspired by the loss of my dad. my dad was a psychiatrist for over 40 years. what i realized in dealing with my grief over his loss is that i really wanted to continue his work. he sat in front of people, next to people, and we tracked it once. i think it was 50,000 hours that he sat face-to-face. what he did is gave people the chance to take a measure of their lives. he gave them permission to reflect on the lives. in their case, they were struggling sometimes with serious stuff. all of us in our lives, i want to get permission in one sense for people to realize that when you track your life, even something through like a paper journal or the new trend of

quantified self, which you probably know about, the logic is you get to see all the aspects of your life that you may have not seen before. with data, a lot of our life that has been invisible becomes as will and we can use it for ourselves. -- becomes visible and we can use it for ourselves. >> what you mean by quantified self? >> it is a movement that was created by gary wolf from "wired magazine." it has been around the world now. all of these meet up groups. geeks like me come to meet ups and talk about things they have been studying in their lives. a lot of times these are data scientists or programmers and have great admiration for the skill that a lot of data scientists have, which is the ability to track your life with some kind of general hypothesis. but the hypothesis is more to give a direction of what you want to track versus already having a bias of why to try. for instance, most of us track our weight.

myself included. you track your weight because you are upset. i have put on too many pounds over the holidays or something. you are already starting in a place of bias and you are assuming that you have to lose weight or x. , what they scientist tend to do is take a step back and say, i want to optimize my health and i will be healthier if i lose this weight, but i also want to do behavior where i can track other elements besides this weight loss. for instance, they may get a fit and measure how their sleep affects their eating. instead of getting on the scale, they realize that if they go to sleep every night at 2:00 for two months without every -- without doing everything different, they start to lose weight and they do that through data. that logic means you can start to analyze your life, see where there are patterns. the patterns are critical and you have to give yourself two or three months depending on what you are studying.

you start to see these insights and say that when i changed these different things here and here, i can optimize my well-being or even my mood. >> john hoeven, how many different entities or companies have information about us? it is a great question. it is easier to say in terms of companies about us, it is faster to live -- list companies that don't. that is either none, and i am being hyperbolic, but we're talking vertical. in the states there is this whole industry of data brokers and many of them do great work. advertising agencies, marketers. we as consumers rely on information about an aggregate picture of our identity. when that data is made available to us, i have no problem with data brokers.

in the states alone it is about a trillion dollar annual industry in right now, as of today unless i have missed something in the past couple of weeks, the ftc has sanctioned about 10 of these largest data brokers and these industries, why they're being sanction is because right now, today, if i write to axiom or a company that has this data and ask for a full -- full copy of what they have collected, they are not mandated to send that to me. it is the same environment we were back around 20 years ago. but before with the credit card side of think, credit card companies did not have to give information about what we have an purchasing, even if we pay them. the problem is when there is an occluded sense of all this data that is being collected about me, my kids, you, us that we do not have access to but one particular part of the culture, i think it is a very dangerous precedent and it is something i

am fighting to have people understand. this is your data. you should get to manage it and use it. i am not going to dictate how people use it, but right now there is no common standard or about how the companies can or should collect it right now. brokers, 10 or so data how do they get their information? do they buy it from facebook, google? >> it varies. different data brokers -- i can speak in general terms how they get it. sometimes they will purchase it from third parties. another time they might have cookies, data that is taken originally from the source, say a web browser. they have gotten very good at aggregating all that data and putting it into almost soundbites for companies so they can more effectively, if that is the right word to choose, more specifically target with

behavioral targeting. if you see how the data brokers put us together, not like a demographic like me, white, male, 45 that lives near new york city, but listing a person that has not paid their bills in the last six months or deadbeat -- there is this real, or will, sense of how- icky these data brokers parcel our identities out to the world. they are broadcasting their identities in the ways that they choose to do to the companies they sell to. you write that trust rings high in the happiness economy. can we trust data brokers? >> i don't trust data brokers. toin, i don't like unilaterally demonize in industry because that is not fair and uninformed to say they are evil. the word evil and trust are tough words because they are so subjective depending on the

angle you take. i will say that i think transparency is key for me in the sense of when a data poker company will not give a person access to data about who they are. if they do not give any access, then first of all that means there is an industry that is ripe for disruption. it is about a $1 trillion annual industry. axiom alone according to the "new york times," i think it is $1 billion in revenue. that means the whole industry that is occluded, using the data about our lives, there is an opportunity potentially for us to sell our data directly to brands and it is not a question of the transaction. it is not that i might get $10 a month for our data. a lot of work. it is more the idea of the insights that i mentioned. where are we sharing that data, when? how is it affecting our lives? we should get to own those insights.

it is our identity. it is how we live in the real and virtual world. we should be able to control that. >> in your book "hacking h(app)iness," you tell the story of federica oo. who is that? o, i wish i had met him. which is he thing put his own data up on a kicks carter countered it was maybe for a month and he tracked his actions. he had a webcam pointed at himself. he tracked all of his cookie data. he knew how to gather it from his browser and etc.. he had beautiful visualizations about his life. if point he was making is everyone is going to track me anyway and make money off of my unique portrait and identity in or off of digitally

rfid tags, he said i should be able to make money. that is my data. it was in one sense almost an experiment in showing people what data looks like, but these beautiful visualizations, graphs and pie charts and i forget what it was. i paid five dollars for two days of data. he sent it to me. i do not know him. it is not like i will use to target him, but i am spotted in the sense of it was a form of artwork. it was a portrait of his life for those few days. i like keeping that money from -- that information from people who use that data without any direct connection with between me and the brand and another individual. there is no personal transaction when stuff is to a third-party data broker and i think you did a wonderful job of portraying how our data is ours. i think he did well on kickstart. >> what did you learn about him?

>> i learned he was smart and industrious and in terms of selling his data, i learned that he got my money. i was happy to pay him five dollars and get what he sent me. in terms of the pacific granularity of his data, i did not scrutinize it for too long. i saw he was a student so he is hitting -- sitting around for a month doing research, anything a 25-year-old would do. i thought it was interesting but he is really an artist. when you have someone who cannot only be a data scientist and parse and examine and analyze data, which is its own skill already, but when you can communicate what that data is in the form of pictures for visualizations and let someone like need for most people who do not understand the ones and zeros of granular-level data, he

portrayed these things as art. i got a sense of his life for a few days in the form of artwork. >> john havens, how do you recommend people manage their own data? ofthere are a couple companies and precedents that are happening right now which i would highly recommend people check out. first of all, there is a company called personal.com. i believe they are based in d.c. they have a service they call fill it. it is simple. the action of it, why i think they were so smart to introduce the idea of what they call a personal data vault or personal bank, which i will explain more in a second, what they did is you take the golden copy of your i.i., or what is called p. data, personally identifiable information. this is stuff like your name, social security number, the most precious aspects of your

personality that makes it easiest to see who you are. today is excruciating. it is 2014 and i'm sure you are like, of the 30 sites that we will visit today, you and i both, we will enter in a unique password on 14 different sites. if you remember, you have asked the site to remember our data, there are 14 unique identifiers all the time. providesce that philip is you have that core data of yours i think you hit a button and the data is used any you sign up anywhere. the thing about personal.com and what is called personal clouds that they talk a lot about in the book. this is something i strongly encourage people to check out. -- the logicabanks is new. a lot of people think it is theoretical. i don't.

i talk tom people that it is a growing industry. what this means is most people right now are used to sharing their data like there pictures or files in something like a dropbox. if you have not used drop offs, it is a cloud provider where instead of having your files stored on a hard drive, he goes up to a cloud which means there are server somewhere else and you feel safer baby with amazon that your files are with this provider. a personal cloud or personal vault or databanks that p.i.i. data, with regards to how it datally functions, is that -- and it is called a golden copy. the one, first unique copy of that data you protect and why i say that one copy is as most people think of their data as they go to a site in they share ce, and inon

exchange of using the service for free for an hour, that seems fair. people do not realize that your digital information can be copied a zillion times. literally hundreds of thousands of times, sold and resold. that is a piece of your identity and timestamp. easily aggregate able to show your activities. that is going out to the world. personal bank say, no. this is mine. you want to operate with me? let's have a transaction. now there are organizations called the respect network. respect network is run by a guy named german read. he is getting the idea of getting personal clouds to do something by even 2016. paye a million people will 25 u.s. dollars a year to manage their own data to have these database. they get to say when and with

who they want to share data with and for how long. a lot of these databanks, what is fascinating is the idea that you can kill your data. if you see you shared your data with someone. i will share with peter because i trust him. if that data gets to a third-party provider, he may not even know that it was shared. ng that letspi me know this data has now gone somewhere that through all of i settiers of preferences up, i know that is not how i want my data to be his. i then have the power to go home and watch it go away. personal.com is one of the many companies. reputation.com is doing great work in this space. i advise them to check out respect network. also the guy -- the work of a guy who is named doc searls. he wrote a book called "the intention economy." is a must -- it is a must read.

all others are interlopers or third parties between an individual and a brand and someone they want to anthrax with digitally go away. hopefully that is helpful. >> john havens, so much of our information is already out there. why would we now put it in a lockbox? >> it is a great question. it is frustrating. i think right now there is this sense of cents -- massive sense of ennui. my data is out there, why protected? i think the equivalent is i have spent money before. why would i now put money in a bank. i'm not trying to be funny or mitigate your question. company doesheir more of the online reputations therefore you can potentially see what sides sharing data that you do not want to share and try to have it removed, that sort of thing. for me and for my kids, i

picture a time -- why is it so precious? because our data is exponentially being shared. ande can stymie it a bit bring it in, from this day forward how our data is shared among we can at least try to manage it better. evangelistic about the fact that someone is sharing your data without your permission is a human right violation. most people think i am an extremist. what do you mean, human rights violation? i got a coupon and went to the site and did some sort of crossword puzzle. this is not snowed in selling secrets to the nsa. hold on. i will take 10 different examples of cookie data. they know where you live on this website. they can identify your face using something like microsoft connect. there is haptic technology that knows her actions and can read when your pupils dilate to

correlate to some kind of emotion. but a time i give you five, let alone 10 ways that commercial parties gather our data, and through the click of a simple rhythm put it all together and they start to see our digital doppelgängers of being produced in the digital world. i am not being extremist it all. it is simple to do the stuff technically and i am mystified when people say, why would you not want to control the state of? there was an -- this data? aspect. an economic privacy is an important thing but privacy a lot of time has to do with preference. i don't take pictures of my kids and put them on facebook because i don't want them to be tagged and facially tracked. when they get old enough, they can decide what they want to do. someone else may put their pictures of their kids on facebook. that is a personal choice. however, when i say

economically, and i used to be an actor, my face, when i was an actor in the screen actors guild awards face is how i made money. if i was in a regional commercial in the new england area that ran for 13 -- if i knew that someone in california had seen that commercial and i had not gotten paid for the region where it was showing, i would call the screen actors guild awards say, my face is being seen i have not been given permission. economically, i had a right to do that and could be pay money. i picture the day when my kids go to college and instead of a credit card company coming up to them and saying, do you want a $10,000 of credit? adding to their enormous college debt, they're going to say if your data is protected in the way you feel comfortable and safe, we would like to track you for the next year. by the way, we are doing it already. we would like to track you using google glass and these biometric sensors. you all your family that

are doing it and get permission but after a year we are going to pay you $10,000 because you're going to give us such granular data about your life and more importantly we want to establish this solid relationship about you to know how you genuinely like our brand. that's another reason that people should protect our data. you get to benefit from it versus unseen third parties. havens, what are the policy implications along with privacy? >> there is a lot of policy implications into what i call the happiness economy. give credit where it is due. robert kennedy gave a speech in 1968 at the university of kansas that has been dubbed the "beyond gdp" speech. what he talked about in that speech was why the gdp came into being and what it was built to measure. he pointed out something that most people do not think about.

i certainly did not until two years ago. i am not an economist. when you measure matters and what you measure is something you give value to. what you don't measure you devalue. not even necessarily nefariously. what does the gdp measure? it measures things like economic increase. when a ship sinks, an oil tanker sinks, why? because cleaning up after it means there are people that get more jobs. of course, the environment is ruined in the process. what about things that are not measured? quality of education, quality of art? make life that worth living? aroundcreated something 1972 called gross national happiness. it is kind of a misnomer. a lot of people think it is this rainbows and unicorns, let's measure happiness and mood. it is not that at all. it is the idea of happiness

being intrinsic or what positive udemonic --t called called eudemonic happiness. gross national happiness, there are other ideas using similar things in regards to policy. it measures things like education, art, community, and usinghings -- the idea is quantified and qualitative ideas and measurement. like in the u.k., prime minister cameron has said a lot of this work and put the data online in excel spreadsheet format. very transparent. it is faith. you can start -- it is great. you can start to see how you access all of these things. the happiness that tricks -- metrics are not saying what happiness is from a mood standpoint, the their turn to have a wider lens of how the

citizens have value and should make them more transparent to provide a framework for a setting where we can pursue happiness, much like the founders talked about in the declaration of independence. it is the pursuit of happiness. it is not the guarantee of a mood-based ephemeral happiness. we should be able to have the pursuit of happiness and well-being. that is what the metrics do. they're complementary to the gdp. it is not negative to the gdp. it's as fiscal wealth and goods, that is important but let's get a bigger picture of how people want to live their lives. do we only value our lives based worth, our fiscal worth, or is there a larger lens beyond that? >> john havens is a contributing writer for mashup will, "the huffington post" and the garden -- "the guardian. he is the author of this new -- "hacking

h(app)iness." >> c-span, created by america's cable companies 35 years ago and brought to you as a local public service by your local cable or satellite provider. ago, the watergate scandal led to the only resignation of an american president. throughout this month and early august, american history tv revisits 1974 and the final weeks of the nixon administration. as weekend, opening statements from the house judiciary committee scenario -- committee. >> selection of the present occupies a unique position in our political system. the one act in the entire country participants and the result is binding upon all the states for four years. the outcome is accepted and the occupant of that office stands as a symbol of our national unity and commitment.

if the judgment of the people is to be reversed, if the majority will is to be undone, if that symbol is to be replaced through the action of the elected representative, then it must be for substantial and not trivial offenses, supported by facts and not by surmise. >> watergate 40 years later. sunday night at 8:00 eastern on american history tv on c-span 3. >> supporters of a proposal to split california into six states say they have collected enough signatures for the issue to be on the ballot in november's general election. timothy draper is behind the six californias proposal. this is one hour. noticed, the things i i noticed when i was on the state board of education, a town came to