well, i saw him at his witty and perceptive best. i saw or as so big he was, unassertive and incisive personality. he was more often wrong than right. the career is a fascinating one in terms of the times of our history that he lived through. also, the relationship between his semi-aristocratic background, if you will him and his championship of the common voice. lex the year was 1999 that you did this. did you get into biography? biography when as a student of charles dickens

particularly i began -- i was attracted to someone what a great influence on dickens. author of thee french resolution -- revolution, etc.. here wasense that someone who was a victorian but inidences, a personal sort regard to the kind of authoritarian and commentary and take your he was. i just got entranced by the ministry of this man who was witty. a much more elaborate prose writer. mort difficult to fathom.

someone who is basically out of fashion not only in the general reading world but the academic world. i thought he was someone who attracted me and i wanted to write narrative as opposed to writing analytic academic material. i wanted to reach a wider audience. there was no modern biography that i think represented him well. cargileyear did you do -- carlyle? >> the divisions of my own life --m any kind of -- 1970's. i have you a charles dickens in 1979. what really doing back then the? >> i was a professor at queens college. i was in very

distantly now at the torilla nest, a recession in british literature. i began to define myself as a biographer. i spread my wings so to speak and said i can immerse myself for four or five or six years or so in the life. not only in the loss -- like that thomas carlyle and dickens. and then moving to the 20th century. .nd american literature then i got somehow fascinated by lincoln. when can as a writer. i began to immerse myself in 19th-century american history. from lincoln, because he tovoked in me and suggested

me my next subject on john quincy adams. >> if you were in a classroom and had a bunch of people who wanted to be biographers, what would you tell them? give us an idea of what they need to do to be successful? >> so many different kinds of biographies and biographers of course. you would have to look at the individual to say what are your talents and how can this interface with the challenge of writing the biography? you want to write a a sick factual biography. what is it you ring to the biographical challenge that will enable you to buy a successful biography. in my case the great attractions to biography was that i could combine my love of research, my

immense suspect -- respect for knowing things of knowledge, my my immensetory and commitment to language, to literature and language. so my subjects initially were great writers. i could expand myself. i could leave more fully and -- live more fully and vitally because i spent my lives -- my life with great writers. i was attracted to lincoln because he was a great writer. john quincy adams was a great writer. he is not as available as lincoln was. also, he wrote a great deal more so we have to pick and choose. but of course, i was attracted to john quincy adams because he too created a huge body of

literary work, his diary and other things he wrote. and that the same time, his was inseparable from a public life and vision of the country he loved. work?t about the way you when you start from scratch, what do you do as a biographer? how do you keep track of everything? 67 years that or i work on a biography, the first 2, 3 years are reading. i immerse itself in the primary then i read the background. how do i keep track of all of this? and thesed computer folders and files. basically i start with when i get into the writing process,

the notes right onto the computer as i read. remember this passage. it will be useful. from very helpful to me the start. i have a conceptual sense of what the overall structure and theme of the biography will be. inause i am so interested language and the genius of and the success of the culture, political culture, general carl sure, i concentrate often in the beginning on how affect this is the writing i am reading? is a rich, meaningful, speak to contemporary audience? then i arrange things in cron a order -- chronological and create a file for each year of my subjects life.

then i began putting into that , quotations that seem to fit the overall vision of the book. quotations from the writer and my own site -- thoughts and ideas as i evaluate the secondary material and the basic facts of what happened to my subject that year. >> let's go back to the people we have written about. what is your number one memory of the personality or person is? go back to charles dickens. >> tremendously over gen x. overriding personality. immense literary genius with a gift for spontaneity and spontaneous expression and a powerful imagination that's all the world in terms of aerator

and setting. books have of his you read? >> i read them all and read them numerous times. biographyn to writing , ages ago when i was a young at i wrote my dissertation columbia university and then on the hiddenok springs perfection, particularly the fascinating character, explosive when he walked into her room. a man of great forceful personality who saw himself as a literary general. >> henry james. >> quieter. much more shy in his own way. reticent, but at the same time, observant, amost

tentatively observant writer i have ever encountered. through aat the world quiet, internal genius that was andtypically precise magnified specific qualities and characters he wanted to capture. he is a difficult writer for many contemporary readers. he went through various stages in which the pros changed. if you give me a chance to sit down with you friend to friend, teacher, mentor, someone who really wants to read henry james, i think i can blare out the -- their output claim that he is lucid. >> what about mark twain? >> the great american genius of colloquial language. leader ofamerican

satire. who had the capability to look at the american scene and with evokel humor incisively the nature of american culture and life in the 19th century and even the 20th century. of course, a very diverse career from tom sawyer and huckleberry more painfulr, a about theworks corruption of american life. --going back to corbett all gobidal. quote that said he put a lot of pressure on me. does it change anything you are willing to say?

did you worry about him suing you or anything? >> he did look into suing me. becaused into suing me his attempt to best my manuscript before publication . in the face of the written agreement that we had from the a specific i had in and finding a letter from him in which he agreed he would make no effort, no attempt to influence directly the manuscript itself and i was free to publish it and would not see it until it was published. when the manuscript into the publisher for the editing process, about a year before publication i got a call from gore.

that is always an experience. sometimes he was more than friendly. was sharp and caustic. often he was meandering and had been drinking quite a bit. he had a very strong attraction to alcohol. but he also had a very strong sense of what was due him. what was due him is that history was met -- written every moment in the present. i had a previous experience when i published a series of letters and exchanges. they were wonderful letters. as they came to press and gore change he said we must it. i said those are the words of the letter, we cannot change them now.

he was a creator of fiction in the present to suit the reality that he wanted it to be. i said no, you cannot sue the manuscript if i have this letter. youresponse was what letter go i pulled it out of the drawer because i anticipated a little fearfully the day it would come. i read it over the telephone. he was silent and said goodbye. the next thing i knew my publisher heard from a lawyer quick to threaten let us -- litigation. that was a pattern. that lawyer attempted to adjudicate. i think from the events that followed, it is pretty clear the advice from his attorney was

don't pursue this, this will not be legally in your favor, and it present you an attractive white. so it dropped away and that was the end of it, but that was the pretty much of what had been a intense, and i think mutually destructive and certainly very interesting relationship in which i spent a great deal of time with him in the united states and it early interviewing him and taping him and being a part of this. >> did he cut you off after that? >> basically. indeed he did. i got a telephone call one evening and there was his voice. he said hello. i recognized the bore -- voice am i said this is more. i said this is fred. he said oh.

>> i said did you have anything you wanted to say to me? >> he said not really, goodbye. we will get to john quincy adams in a minute. >> i like to watch the sunday zoo on television when journalists and politicians talk nonsense. no problem is ever addressed but , nearof talk about ross s meaningless words in these parts. recently a watch the director of thebudget babble about deceivers of conventional wisdom, professors evans and novak. what to do about the budget. to my amazement, the defense budget was mentioned by mr. evans. apparently the brookings few hundred dollars might be cut. although the defense budget is the cancer that is killing our

body politic, it cannot be dealt with by the media and the director of the budget, one of my characters -- favorite characters on television, was with to create a diversion. entitlement he wrote. if only we could get them on the table. >> was it an act or did he mean all of this? >> he means all of this. he was someone who only spoke what he felt and what he believed. publicse he is a performer as well when he is speaking at such events. provocateur. betweennot distinguish the statements and claims he made in truth. is no fact that is true

because he makes them and has a mission and purpose and theme in mind. respect for great him and i wish headlights has been -- had been a happy one, but at the same time, he was a man who made substantial and interesting contributions. of all the people you had of you got to for, if have dinner with some, which one would you take. >> i agree it is a terrible question. i will answer it anyway is john quincy adams. which may surprise you and others but i feel at the moment so close to him having been immersed in his life for so long recently, i would be delighted

to have dickens with henry james or mark twain. i do not know they would ever be delighted if they could ever have dinner with me. each one of those gentlemen just extraordinary. >> years ago john nagle had written of book and had said he had written every word of the said if yound -- put it in film he said it would go something like nine miles. >> there are over 600 at the massachusetts historical society and reproduce so that almost every major library has a full set. i tackled that two ways. john quincy adams son is only onlyving -- his all surviving son, charles francis he went on to have a distinguished career in politics and the charles francis

addition of his father's memoirs in which he published approximately half of the original material and did a wonderful job. addition in 12 volumes including the index come it includes exclusively the public side of the life with little bits about his private musings. so for the other half you have to go to the microfilm, which is also like this and what i did. now this is all. so again, the miracle of the computer, you can go online and there it all is. but as in john quincy adams handwriting. >> did you read it in his handwriting? >> i did. fax it is difficult. of us, his handwriting

changed over his life and got more difficult to read as time went i, especially as he became an elderly man. biographers, ist have my tricks. and ways of moving through the material that allow me to be efficient. dare i do that? of course i do. i will. one of my twit -- tricks in regard to john quincy adams and makeicrofilm diary was to use prior to reading the diary the handwritten portions that allowed me not to have to read every word that allowed me to go to certain crisis points in john quincy's life where you really

want to make sure you read every word as opposed to times in which i knew from other sources, thats were not happening was concern my interest in the type of eye out graffiti i couldn't move along more quickly . >> we spent time at the birthplace. done a lot in the library there. i want to show you video of the birthplace for abigail adams and the show we did on first ladies. let's watch a little bit of it. >> for the first 10 years john and abigail lived in this home from 1764 21774. it is where they raised their four children. this is the birth base also of their second child who went on ofbecome the six president the united states. also important home because the

would beink letterwriting airing -- letterwriting. it was from this house he was provided a window to what was happening during the revolutionary war. abigail what report about the militia in boston during the battle of booker hill june 17, 1770 five. she took her young son right over to the high points and she would watch the bottle of longer hill with her son and report to john adams of the fires and smoke rising. she was literally the eyes of to john adams and the second continental congress in philadelphia. >> i want to put on the screen the list of his life. certainly after he saw the ungar hill battle. theasked to begin about discussion of john quincy adams. .ncluding president

secretary of state 1817. -- u.s.sia to minister minister to russia. united states senator for five years and representative for 17 years. talk about him. >> is an extraordinary american career. a great man of patriot. a brilliant writer and diplomat who deserves much more attention for his accomplishments and what he has to say to us today. i think his career could be shows. as chronology three phases and stages. the first of which, his career as a diplomat when he was first appointed as a relatively young and by george washington to represent the united states and the netherlands and various other diplomatic appointments that follow.

there were controversial things in those years. we are talking roughly the late 1817. to when he finished his career as minister or him pastor as american minister to the court to 18 james from 18 teen 17. i think the second stage of his theer -- let me say in first stage we also have to put his service as secretary of to 1825 under7 james monro. he was most proud of two major accomplishments in the first stage of his career. treaty of was the finally signed and

finished in 1821 which brought , andnited states florida which finally us -- to the western boundary for the louisiana territory and pushed the territory all the way to the pacific in the northwest. treaty most proud of his in 1814, which ended the war of 1812. a perusal and silly war in which the united states pushed itself into an unnecessary conflict, even after the reasons for the conflict no longer existed. communication prevented the fromdent and congress knowing that when they did actually declare war. so he is most proud he the treaty that ended that.

that is the first stage of his career. presidency.s the he iso march 18 29th when defeated for reelection by andrew jackson. a difficultncy was and painful time in john quincy adams life because he came to andce under unusual controversial circumstances. he was the second president to be elected by the house of representatives in which each state gets only one vote. the first thomas jefferson. -- thomas jefferson was elected by the house of representatives under unusual circumstances, simply because aaron for made problems and troubles because of the weakness thataw in the constitution did not distinguish between president and vice president and

consequently when there was a tie vote, he said why not elect me for president? everyone --d or not john quincy adams was elected president of the house of representatives under controversial circumstances that embittered the opposition, which thought their candidate andrew jackson have the right to the office since he had more popular votes and more electoral votes. it is the case that if the constitution did not get 3/5eholding states a provision that allowed them and extralar electoral votes, john quincy inms would have been elected the initial election. so it went to the house of representatives. he won there because of an agreement with henry clay am a which became controversial.

it was just accepted as ordinary. however, john quincy adams opponents insisted it was an and wereate presidency not going to allow him any kind of achievement in office. and the senatese shortly went to the opposite party, it was clear that no matter how hard john quincy adams tried, and no matter how constructive he was, no matter how much you try to work with the opposition, he was not going to get any place. >> any way to bring that to the day so people can understand what it would have been like having his background sitting in the white house? >> yes. was the secondms

adams to be elected to the white house. he was the second to be elected to the white house. >> he was the sixth president. >> he was the last one until the 16th which is abraham lincoln. it was deeply feared by the house that worried that his vision of a unified country in which the federal government of the states were partners in a relationship that enables the federal government to play a leading role in binding the country together through infrastructure projects, through supporting manufacturer and so on. he was deeply suspected by the

federal states for -- they say he wanted to much power for the federal government. in order to protect slavery. they wanted slavery to remain totally in control of the state, no federal involvement in it. he went into office with a lot of people against him. then they used his agreement with henry clay, which from my point of view was an ordinary agreement. he was the most qualified man in the country to be appointed secretary of state. adams appointed him because he agreed on almost everything in terms of their vision for america, for the cut of programs that they wanted. the propaganda machine of the jacksonian democratic party was called the corrupt bargain. jackson and his people were

brilliant in creating our soundbite culture. it was a very painful presidency for john quincy adams, but what he did accomplish was to get out there for public discussion that eventually bore fruit in 1860-1861, of a vision of the american future that essentially was one of the great strengths of the country throughout the rest of the 19th century and certainly the great strength of the country in the 20th and 21st century. >> amanda matthews talked about the personal side. >> a as here's a very unpleasant years for the adams is. it was readily apparent. everyone talks about it. their son talks about in his own diary about how sad that household seems at the time. >> what made it that way?

>> i think the cloud under which the presidency began. it never left and because this campaigning for 1828 began almost instantly, wheeze to feel very personally the attack on her husband, on his character, she was not american enough. that situation really did not, they finally reached the pinnacle and it is not a happy pinnacle. it is a very stormy for years. >> how much of that you agree with? >> i agree with much of it. an accurate comment, it is not a full comment. it doesn't describe the totality of what they are feeling and what they're going through. louise and catherine, john quincy's wife, a brilliant woman of great charm and great beauty,

found the white house years extremely difficult. she also made it -- he alternated between her desire to advance her husband's career and strong detestation of the corruption and the boorishness of washington and washington political society during those years. >> you think if we had lived back then, we talk about a divided city now, would it have been just as divided than? >> equally and always. our contemporary emphasis on how politicized the country is, how divided washington is should be understood in the context that this is all what -- this has always been the case. when the constitution was ratified, it was ratified in the

late 1780's, it barely passed. barely gained a majority of the votes of the state. it was -- there was immense opposition to it area did george washington's second term, first term, the great george washington could do no wrong, but the seething underneath. by his second term, washington says i cannot take this anymore. this backbiting and this ugliness, this awfulness. it has always been our history. you can say it is a great weakness and you can also say it is a great strength. we are very divided. as long as our division is part of the articulated public form of debate according to democratic principles, i think we will be fine. >> in the middle of everything that they were doing, talk about

george washington adams, who died in the 1829 at age 28. >> committed suicide in fact. >> how? >> jumped from a steamer in long island sound as it went from newport rhode island on its way to new york, where it was going to -- on his way to new york. he was going to travel down to washington to join his mother and father. this is just after john quincy adams and louisa leave the white house. george washington adams is the elder him -- is the eldest of the adams children. they did have a daughter who lived for year and died in st. petersburg, something that louisa never got over. >> st. petersburg, russia. >> russia, indeed. he always hoped his eldest son would be to him what he had been

to his own father. he would be a student that he would look up to his father, that he would be disciplined and have a great future. that he would be an ornament in the adams family pantheon. >> why did he commit suicide? >> it is so difficult to say. he was a little bit on drugs, he was a little bit on alcohol. he felt he was a failure. he wanted to be a poet. he then attempted in a very minor way a political career in massachusetts. it didn't work out. he felt himself under the heavy burden and weight of the family history and inheritance and expectations. and there are also probably genetic factors that we can point to but we can't be sure about. >> he was 31 -- john quincy adams the second. how did he die. >> he was an alcoholic. there was an unfortunate history

of alcoholism in the adams family. both sides, but especially on abigail adams'side. john quincy adams brother was an alcoholic, it was the shame of the family. the family always feared the potential for alcoholism and immorality. it showed up quite a bit. >> the third son, charles francis, lived to be 79. what is the story of the brothers going after the same cousin for mary? >> well, that story is an interesting story of competition

between brothers, but also a very provocative and flirtatious young lady, who became, with the death of her parents, a resident of the john quincy adams household as a very young teenager. so she grew up into her middle teenage years enjoying her life in the adams household and flirting with the brothers. charles francis as an older adolescent sort of fell in love with her. he always had a bit of a crush on her. then, of course, his brother fell in love with her and fell out. that is george washington adams. they became engaged. then time went by and george washington adams got into more

and more difficulty off in the distance in massachusetts while the young lady was in washington with the adams family. then the other brother appeared on the scene, if you will, that is john. john adams, that is john quincy's son, and the young lady became intimate and married. >> you write in your book, this is again a personal thing, about john quincy adams'daily walked onto the potomac river, swimming in the new? >> it is hard to say, because it seems likely that he was either in the neuter almost nude. -- in the nude or almost nude. he is an early riser.

he came during the summer months when he was still here and he wasn't at home in massachusetts, he became -- he went to the potomac for regular early morning refreshment, often accompanied by someone, but sometimes alone. he would swim in the river and sometimes got into trouble, got swept away by the tide once and almost drowned. there is a wonderful episode in the memoir, the autobiography, that a make use of john quincy adams. in which for the last time he goes to swim in the river and there are some young men there who are also swimming who sort of recognize him. i wondered what an extraordinary experience to -- for these young men, can you just imagine seeing our president swimming either naked or just in some small

garment in the water and then stretching out and drying in the sun on the banks of the potomac river. >> you start off in your book, your first sentence is, john quincy adams adams is a president about whom most americans know very little. how long did it take you to compose that first sentence? >> not for long. it came to me almost instantaneously. i sat down to write this in the preface for the book, and before i got into the narrative of the first chapter, it begins when john quincy adams is president and he learns that his elderly father, the second president, is very ill. he wants to travel home. he wants to see his father before he dies. the book is -- it didn't take me long to think up that sentence because i am so aware of how underappreciated and undervalued

john quincy adams is. i think a lot of it has to do with the fact that we live in what is predominantly, and i think somewhat unfortunately been semi-thoughtlessly it pro andrew jackson world. andrew jackson has been glorified as a great hero of that. period. he is a hero of the battle of new orleans. in my view, andrew jackson was a terrible president and a disaster for the country. he was proslavery, anti-american indian. he was against a modern economic structure for the country area he hated banks. he had volatile and nasty temperament. there were some great things about jackson that were totally anti-adams. the fact that jackson is somewhat thoughtlessly glorified

in our contemporary world and our contemporary view of 19th century american history, has pushed john quincy adams into a sort of gloomy netherworld, in which we don't think of him as the extraordinary man that he was. >> how much of -- when you get into a biography like this and you sink your teeth into someone like john quincy adams, you like him because he reflects the way you think. >> there is a great deal of that. there's no doubt about that. in terms of -- the fact that i share certain views of the american commonwealth of what our basic values are and how

they should be expressed through legislation, through law, through moral values of the culture as a whole, it does play a role, of course. but that doesn't mean that i could not be fair in presenting even andrew jackson. if i immersed myself in andrew jackson, i would be empathetically identifying with what makes him tick and what makes him tick is that he is like all of us a human being, with likes and dislikes, with inherited your neck structure, with values of come from his environment and his culture, and every human being is worth looking at and studying and being empathetic with. however, it helps when you're writing an autobiography applicable to use when you think that political figure had an important and valid vision for america's future. >> here's a minute and 10

seconds from the movie amistad. this movie is 1997. anthony hopkins is who we see playing john quincy adams. >> why are we here? how is it that simple issues should not find itself so noble that to be argued before the supreme court of the united states of america? do we fear the lower courts and somehow missed the truth? or is it our great consuming fear of civil war? it has allowed us to heap symbolism in a simple case of nebraska. even if it stands before us. truth has been driven from this case like a slave. from court to court, wretched

and destitute. then, not by any great legal acumen, quite the opposite. but through the long powerful arm of the executive office, this is most important cases ever come to this court. >> the circumstances. >> a brilliant performance in spielberg's best film, for me. in 1839, a group of captured and enslaved africans on a ship called the amistad were being taken from africa to be sold in havana, cuba am a witch had a great legal slave market. they overpowered the captain and crew and took over the ship

themselves. they attempted to return to africa, but none of them being sailors, they had to rely on the navigational skills of one of the captured members of the crew who sent them in the wrong direction in the hope that they would be captured and the ship would be returned to the rightful owners. the ship was indeed captured off the coast of long island, new york and taken to connecticut. then the united states is faced with the problem, what to do with these 50 odd black people whom the white people on board the ship claim are slaves and their property, but they are not sure? we are not sure. it is a long legal process that followed which led to eventually the supreme court. the van buren administration, the entire slave dr. c -- slaveocracy -- van buren was

very much a colleague of and in sympathy with southern values and ideas. the administration and a good deal of the country would have been happy to have seen these amistad prisoners either returned to the white people who claimed that they belong to them and sent to havana, but of course the abolition movement, we're talking the late 1830's, this is 1839. the supreme court cases 1841. the abolition movement which is growing stronger and stronger, even though it is a small minority, and even though most of the north, even though it is uneasy about slavery, it is willing to tolerate it for the sake of the national harmony.

certainly most of the north is racist. the whole issue, the whole problem is really causing tremendous concern. what will we do with these people who we have cap sure? how can we satisfy the supreme court? of course, it makes a decision after looking at all the evidence and after hearing john quincy adams. the decision written by justice joseph story, that indeed these africans stolen and taken illegally from africa, the do not have the legal status of slaves and they should be discharged is free. adams'argument is brilliant. at the end of his speech which i quote at length, there's a glorious paragraph about morality, truth and u.s. values, and a very personal statement of this old man and where he is

come from and of all the supreme court justices he is known in the past is just a brilliant bit of writing. >> joseph story and john quincy adams are both from massachusetts. >> indeed. when john quincy adams as relatively young man was offered by james monroe a supreme court associate justice ship and turned it down, joseph story was appointed. >> he was the youngest ever, 32 years old. >> that is right. >> this is the last part of your book, this is the last art of john quincy adams'life after he had been in congress and after your dinner president. here is assist -- here is the historian of the house. in our special on the capital. this will close out a program. >> he suffered a slight stroke

the year before his death. then, when he recovered, he came back to the house. it was his duty as he entered the -- entered, the door opened. this one-man misspeaking and when he saw adams he stopped speaking. the entire membership started applauding, and they rose to welcome the great statesman. he was escorted to his seat. not much later, the poor man got up and he was about to speak, and he toppled over. several people grabbed him before he hit the floor. somebody screamed, this mr. adams is dying. that he was moved to what was then the speaker's office. he lay there for two days and then died.

that room where he did die is now the lindy boggs room. >> what was most successful. and john quincy adams life, in your opinion? >> for american history, the most successful. is the. and the treaty of ghent in 1814 and the adams treaty of 1819-1821. to transform the country in interesting ways. emotionally and intellectually, the. in which he served in congress and then became the most controversial and outspoken national voice against what was

called the gag rule than, and against slavery, and the amistad trial, all of those, those instances together resonate most for us today, when we are so aware of what happened between adams'death in february 1848 and 1861. the president in 1861 who swore the oath of office, a bible held in the hands of the chief justice of the supreme court, roger tawny who was proslavery, dred scott decision, appointed by andrew jackson, that man was abraham lincoln, who was in the hall, the chamber of the house of representatives when john quincy adams had that fatal and last heart attack. their tenure in the house of

representatives overlapped by three months. december 1847, january and february 1848, and they voted the same way on every issue. lincoln was very aware of that great man sitting in a seat close to the speaker. about 600 pages long, this follows gore vidal, henry james, charles dickens, thomas carl icahn a mark twain, and abraham lincoln biographies in the past. does fred kaplan have a next book is going to write? >> yes, i do. it is a book that starts with abraham lincoln and john quincy adams in the same house together, voting in the same way against the american war, against slavery and in favor of ring strong national government which is responsible for

infrastructure in the country. it is not a dual portrait of the two men, but it is a comparison between the two of them and the differences and similarities. especially, their attitudes toward slavery and how those work out. the crucial question is, why did john quincy adams say that the notion of colorization, of exporting all of our free blacks and free negroes and slaves to africa and getting rid of them that way, why is that a ridiculous idea and fantasy. why did abraham lincoln right up until late 1862, right up to late 1862, still believe then -- believed in and work for colonization. >> fred kaplan lives in maine. , years did you teach?

>> i taught in appleton the college from 1962 to 1964. york fromned to new 1967 until 2005. i was a professor at queens college. book is johnf the quincy adams and american vision. thank you very much. ♪ treat -- for- for free transcripts, contact us at q&a.org. >> next, your calls and, in some

"washington journal here co ,> we are ubiquitously intimately all the time. there are very few times we are not tracked. that i readwill say a lot. they will say it does not affect me as i am not on facebook or my grandmother is not on facebook. i think the number is 45 million people whose photos are on facebook and who can be facially

identified through tagging. they might not even be on facebook. to say that my behavior that i know about means i'm not being tracked is factually untrue. >> and author on how your personal data is tracked and used in had to secure your digital footprint on "the communicators." this morning, a talk about the state of u.s. russia relations. onid drucker has the latest 2016 presidential candidates. looks at the program toof defense offer trained assistance to mexico's armed forces and help fight drug trafficking and organized crime along the border. of we will take your calls and

you can join the conversation. journal" is next. ♪ host: good morning. congress is back this week. the senate finance committee take up the troubled u.s. tax code system and a hearing tomorrow. we will look for to congressional hearings this week. meanwhile, at the white house tributehey are paying to a metal of honor recipient. traveling to seattle, san francisco, and los angeles. with theimmigration

president of honduras, el salvador, and guatemala. monday morning, july 21, an ultimatum to resident who. join in on the conversation. the lines are open. host: you can join us on social media -- host: good monday morning to you. , "bodies headline piled onto a train amid grim farce." from "the canadian globe and mail," "anger over rebel control of crash site." william pomeranz