world i live in. >> i don't disagree with the sense of urgency. i do think that the work that you and others did on risky business raised it to a period of time to a level where it was on the top of people's minds. i think we have to keep making -- it's not a lack of analysis or information. >> no. >> so it's a question of repetition of at the risk of sounding like a pessimist one has to say this is serious and we have to deal with it until it's dealt with. politically, i am not sure that you want to wait until the public stands up and demands action. >> i agree with that. >> it will be too late when people feel it that personally so it's a measure of leadership to get to the solution before it's out of control. >> which you and the president have done, yes, michael. >> i want to join in the conversation about how do you get people engaged on this question. and the gdp idea is an excellent

idea and corporate disclosure is an excellent idea and the challenge in all that is what is -- how do you monetize and come up with a value for that and actually there is a solution that u.s. government has an official social cost of carbon which is the dollar value of the estimated damages from each extra ton of emissions in the atmosphere. in principal that number could be applied widely and used for the gdp number and corporate disclosure and it could be used by state, public utility commissions and plants to site and natural resources and how we sell them. in principle that exercise you are suggesting is not difficult to do. >> jack, i have been threatened with being fired, you apparently have to go back to the white house and thank you and you have been terrific and thank you for joining us. >> thank you, bob. [applause] very good and you do this well.

[applau [applause]

the first state to have minimum wage and has been with oregon over a century and believe it should be higher and i don't know what and not 15 but i see it at 11 or so and raising the minimum wage doesn't solve the problem because there is a benefit cliff where your income goes up and support services like daycare start to fall off so if you move from 9-13 you have less money in your pocket. moving up the minimum wage is very important, no one can live on that today and many of the people require social services to support them so we should raise minimum wage and address the income so work pays so when you get a minimum wage increase under a current system or not you end up with more money in your pocket. and pay is our objective and giving people the ability to take care of themselves and their families. >> governor, thank you and

richard we will repeat the question in 2015 the minimum wage will be $9:25 in your view should it be higher or stay the same and why? >> minimum wage it's important to know oregon personally is the second highest in the country and indexed with inflation which is something other states do not have and we need to focus on minimum wage is an entry wage. we should not just looking at how we are going to be able to raise the minimum wage, what we need are more jobs, family wage paying jobs in our state and that requires us to focus on those things, the barriers that prevent us from having good jobs in oregon. i want very much for us to expand our gross domestic product because when there is greater demand for products and services that creates more desire for the products and creates jobs, minimum wage is an entry-level wage, we need to provide more jobs to allow people to raise their families and pay mortgages and have a future here in oregon.

>> we have 30 seconds to respond to that. >> growing the economy doesn't help people in the bottom and we have the second fastest and the jobs are on the bottom and people trapped in a minimum wage job and no way up or out and no one can live on 18 or 19,000 a year and it's impossible to do. if we care about each other and care about the future we will pay people in state a wage that allows them to take care of themselves and their families. >> governor, thank you, representative richardson i want to ask a quick clarification on that question, the question was in 2015 oregon minimum wage will be $9.25 and do you think it should be higher or stay the same in 2015? >> i think minimum wage should stay with the same program we have now because it's indexed but what we need to do is not focus on minimum wage but focus on wages so people can get

beyond minimum wage and takes a vibrant economy and we don't have that and that is unacceptable. >> you can see the debate and others from around the country on our website c-span.org and this weekend look for live coverage of the debate between democratic congressman bruce brialy and joni and the two candidates in iowa senate race, and running to replace outgoing senator tom ha rshgharken who i retiring and that is 6:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span. here are a few of the comments we recently received from our viewers. >> this is the journal and i wish we could get back to the full mast of having two people, two or more people involved, talking about the pros and cons on the subject of the morning, i think it would be really great

for the american public to hear both sides at the same time. and one side and later on the other side. >> appreciate you c-span and thank you so much for washington journal and all your other programs. i watch a lot of them, all the time. >> it's an interview with the tea party lady and just wondered why they brought up the ap story about this lady that just showed the organization pays zero dollars to any of the subjects she talked about that pays her $475,000 a year and her husband $250,000 a year. that would have been interesting, tonight you think? >> and continue to let us know what you think about the programs you are watching and call us or e-mail us at comments

at c-span.org or a tweet at c-span hash tag comments and the conservation and "like" us on facebook and follow us on twitter. this week president obama traveled to new york city for several events taking place at the u.n., while there the president addressed the u.n. general assembly, where he outlined a global response for combatting isis and spoke about the situation in ukraine, the ebola outbreak and climate change. this is 40 minutes. [applause] on behalf of the general assembly i have the honor to welcome to the u.n. the excellent barack obama president of the united states of america and invite him to address the

assemb assembly. >> mr. president, secretary general, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen, we come together at a cross road between war and peace. between disorder and integration. between fear and hope. around the globe there are sign posts of progress. the shadow of world war that existed at the founding of this institution has been lifted and the prospect of war between major powers reduced. the ranks of member states has more than tripled and more people live under governments they elected.

hundreds of millions of human beings have been freed from the prison of poverty with the proportion of those living in extreme poverty cut in half. and the world economy continues to strengthen after the worst financial crisis of our lives. today whether you live downtown manhattan or in my grandmother's village more than 200 miles from nairobi you can hold in your hand more information than the world's greatest libraries. together we learned how to cure disease and harness the power of the wind and the sun. the very existence of this institution is an unique achievement. the people of the world committing to resolve their differences peacefully and to solve their problems together.

i often tell young people in the united states that despite the headlines this is the best time in human history to be born. for you are more likely than ever before to be literate, to be healthy, to be free to pursue your dreams. and yet there is a pervasive uneasy in our world. a sense that the very forces that brought us together have created new dangers and made it difficult for any single nation to insulate itself from global forces. as we gather here aroutbreak of ebola overwhelms public health systems in west africa and threatens to move rapidly across borders. russian aggression in europe recalls the days when large

nations trampeled small ones in pursuit of territory ambition. brutality of terrorist in syria and iraq forces us to look into the heart of darkness. each of these problems demands urgent attention but they also are symptoms of a broader problem, the failure of our international system to keep pace with an inner connected world. we collectively have not invested adequately in the public health capacity of developing countries. too often we. [switching captioners]

we reject fatalism or cynicism when it comes to human affairs. we choose to work for the world as it should be, as our children deserve it to be.

there is much that must be done to meet the test of this moment, but today i would like to focus on two defining questions at the root of so many of our challenges -- whether the nations here today will be able to renew the purpose of the u.n.'s founding, and whether we will come together to reject the cancer of violent extremism. first, all of us, big nations and small, must meet our responsibility to observe and enforce international norms. we are here because others realized that we gain more from cooperation than conquest. 100 years ago, a world war claimed the lives of many millions, proving that with the terrible power of modern

weaponry, the cause of empire ultimately leads to the graveyard. it would take another world war to roll back the forces of fascism, the notions of racial supremacy, and formed this united nations to ensure that no nation could subjugate its neighbors and claim their territory. recently, russia's actions in ukraine challenge this post-war order. here are the facts. after the people of ukraine mobilized popular protest and called for reforms, the corrupt president fled. against the will of kyiv, crimea was annex. russia poured arms into eastern ukraine, fueling violent separatists in a conflict that has killed thousands. when a civilian airliner was shut down from an area that

these proxies control, they refused to allow access to the crash for days. when ukraine started to reassert control over its territory, russia gave up the pretense of merely supporting the separatists, and moved troops across the border. this is a vision of the world in which might makes right. a world in which one's nation -- one nation's borders can be we redraw in drawn by another one. civilized people are not able to recover the remains of the loved ones because of the truth that might be revealed. america stands for something different. we believe that right makes might. bigger nations should not be able to bully smaller ones, and people should be able to choose their own future. these are simple truths, but they must be defended.

america, and our allies, will support the people of ukraine as they develop their democracy and economy. we will reinforce our nato allies and uphold our commitments to collective self-defense. we will impose a cost on russia for aggression and we will counter falsehoods with the truth. we call upon others to join us on the right side of history, for while small gains can be won at the barrel of a gun, they will ultimately be turned back if enough voices support the freedom of nations and people to make their own decisions. moreover, a different path is available, the path of diplomacy and peace, and the ideals this institution is designed to uphold.

the recent cease-fire agreement in ukraine offers an opening to achieve those objectives. if russia takes that path, a path that for stretches of the post-cold war period resulted in prosperity for the russian people, then we will lift our sanctions and welcome russia's role in addressing common challenges. after all, that is what the united states and russia have been able to do in past years from reducing our nuclear stockpiles, to meeting our obligations under the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, to core operating to -- to core operating and remove and destroy syria's declared chemical weapons. that is the kind of cooperation we are prepared to pursue again if russia changes course. this speaks to a central question of all global age -- whether we will solve our problems together in the spirit of mutual interest and mutual respect, or whether we descend

into the district of rivalries -- destructive rivalries of the past. we can make enormous progress. i stand before you today committed to investing american strength to working with all nations to address the problems we face in the 21st century. as we speak, america is between -- deploying our doctors and scientists, supported by our military to help contain the outbreak of ebola and pursue new treatments, but we need a broader effort to stop a disease that could kill hundreds of thousands, inflict horrific suffering, destabilize economies, and move rapidly across borders. it is easy to see this as a

distant problem, until it is not, and that is why we will continue to mobilize other countries to join us in making concrete commitments, the significant commitments to fight this outbreak and enhance our system of global health security for the long-term. america is pursuing a diplomatic resolution to the iranian nuclear issue as part of our commitment to stop the spread of nuclear weapons and pursue the peace and security of a world without them. this can only take place if iran seizes this historic opportunity. my message to iran's leaders and people has been simple and consistent. do not let this opportunity pass. we can reach a solution that meets your energy needs while assuring the world that your program is peaceful.

america is and will continue to be a pacific power promoting peace, stability, and the free flow of commerce among nations, but we will insist that all nations abide by the rules of the road and resolve territorial disputes peacefully, consistent with international law. that is how the asia-pacific has grown, and that is the only way to protect this progress going forward. america is committed to a development agenda that he radically -- that you eradicate's extreme poverty by 2030. we will do our part to help people feed themselves, power their economies, and care for their sick. if the world acts together, we can make sure that all of our children enjoy lives of opportunity and dignity. america is pursuing ambitious

reductions in our carbon emissions. we have increased our investments in clean energy. we will do our part and help developing nation do there's, but the signs tells us we can only succeed -- scientists tell us we cannot succeed in combating climate change if we are joined in these efforts by every nation, every major power. that is how we can protect this planet for our children and our grandchildren. in other words, on issue after issue, we cannot rely on a rulebook written for a different century. if we lift our eyes beyond our borders, think globally, and act cooperatively, we can shape the course of this century as our predecessors shake the post world war ii age, but as we look to the future, one issue risks a cycle of conflict that could derail so much progress.

that is the cancer of violent extremism that has ravaged so many parts of the muslim world. of course, terrorism is not new. speaking before this assembly, president kennedy put it well. "terror is not a new weapon," he said. "throughout history it has been used by those that cannot prevail, either by persuasion or example." in the 20th century, terror was used by all manner of groups who fail to come to power through public support, but in this century we have faced a more lethal and ideological brand of terrorists who have perverted one of the world's great religions. with access to technology debt -- that allows small groups to

do great harm, they have embraced a nightmarish vision that would divide the world into adherents and infidels, killing as many innocent civilians as possible, employing the most brutal methods to intimidate people within their communities. i have made it clear that america will not base our entire foreign policy on reacting to terrorism. instead we waged a focused campaign against al qaeda and associated forces, taking out their leaders, denying them the safe havens they rely on. at the same time, we have reaffirmed again and again that the united states is not and never will be at war with islam. islam teaches peace. muslims the world over aspire to live to a sense of dignity and peace. when it comes to of america and islam, there is no us.

millions of muslim americans are part of the fabric of our country. so, we reject any suggestion of a clash of civilizations. believe in permanent religious war is the misguided refuge of extremists who cannot build or create anything, and therefore pedal only fanaticism or hate. it is therefore no exaggeration to say that humanity's future depends on us standing against those who would divide us along the fault lines of tribes, sex, -- sect, race, or religion, but this is not simply a matter of words. collectively, we must take concrete steps to address the danger posed by religiously motivated fanatics and the trends that fueled their recruitment.

moreover, this campaign against extremism goes beyond a narrow security challenge. for while we have degraded methodically the core of al qaeda and supported a transition to a sovereign afghan government, extremist ideology has shifted to other places, particularly in the middle east and north africa, where a quarter of young people have no jobs, where food and water can grow scarce, where corruption is rampant, and sectarian conflicts have become increasingly hard to contain. as an international community, we must meet this challenge with a focus on four areas. first, the terrorist group known as isil must be degraded and ultimately destroyed. this group has terrorized all

who they come across in iraq and syria. mothers, sisters, daughters, have been subjected to rape as a weapon of war. innocent children have been gunned down. bodies have been dumped in mass graves. religious minorities have been starved to death. in the most horrific crimes imaginable, innocent human beings have been beheaded with videos of the atrocities distributed to shock the conscience of the world. no god condones this terror. no grievance justifies these actions. there can be no reasoning, no negotiation with this brand of evil. the only language understood by killers like this is the language of force.

the united states of america will work with a broad coalition to dismantle this network of death. in this effort, we do not act alone, nor do we intend to send u.s. troops to occupy foreign land. instead, we will support iraqis and syrians fighting to reclaim their communities. we will use our military might in a campaign of airstrikes to roll back isil. we will train and equip forces fighting against these terrorists on the ground. we will work to cut off their financing and to stop the flow of fighters into and out of the region, and already over 40 nations have offered to join this coalition. today i ask the world to join in this effort. those who have joined isil should leave the battlefield while they can.

those who continue to fight for a hateful cause will find they are increasingly alone, for we will not succumb to threats, and we will demonstrate that the future belongs to those who build, not those who destroy. that is an immediate challenge,

a first challenge that we must meet. the second -- it is time for the world, especially in muslim communities, to explicitly, forcefully, and consistently reject the ideology of organizations like al qaeda and isil. it is one of the tasks of all great religions to accommodate devote faith with a modern, multicultural world. no children are born hating, and no children anywhere should be educated to hate other people. there should be no more tolerance of so-called clerics who call upon people to harm innocents because they are jewish, or because they are christian, or because they are muslim. it is time for a new compact amongst civilized people of this world to eradicate war at its most fundamental source, and that is the corruption of its young minds by violent ideology. that means cutting off funding that fuels this hate. it is time to end the hypocrisy of those that accumulate wealth through the global economy and then siphon funds to those who teach children to tear it down. that means contesting the space that terrorists occupy, including the internet and social media. their propaganda has coerced young people to travel abroad to

fight their wars, and turn students, young people full of potential, into suicide bombers. we must offer an alternative vision. that means bringing people of different faiths together. all religions have been attacked by extremists from within at some point, and all people of faith have a responsibility to lift up the value at the heart of all great religions, due on -- do unto thy neighbor as you would have done unto yourself. the ideology of isil or al qaeda, or boko haram, we'll wilt -- will consistently die if it is confronted and refuted in the light of day. look at the new forum for promoting peace in muslim societies.

we must declare war on war so that the outcome will be peace upon peace. look at the young british muslims who responded to terrorist propaganda by starting the not in my name campaign, declaring that isis is hiding behind a false islam. look at the christian and muslim leaders that came together in the central african republic to reject violence, and listen to the person who said politics try to divide religion in our country, but religion should not be a cause of hate, or strife. later today, the security council will adopt a resolution that underscores the responsibility of states that counter violent extremism. resolutions must be followed by tangible commitments, so that we

are accountable when we fall short. next year, we should all be prepared to announce the concrete steps that we have taken to counter extremist ideologies in our own countries. by getting intolerance out of schools, stopping radicalization before it spreads, and promoting institutions and programs that build new bridges of understanding. third, we must address the cycle of conflict, especially sectarian conflict that creates the conditions that terrorists prey upon. there is nothing new about wars within religions. christianity endured centuries of vicious sectarian conflict. today it is violence within muslim communities that has become the source of so much human misery.

it is time to acknowledge the destruction wrought by proxy wars and terror campaigns between sunni and shia across the middle east, and it is time that political, civic, and religious leaders reject sectarian strife. let's be clear. this is a fight that no one is winning. a brutal civil war in syria has already killed nearly 200,000 people, displaced millions. iraq has come perilously close to plunging back into the abyss. the conflict has created a fertile recruiting ground for terrorists who inevitably export this violence. the good news is we also see signs that this tide could be reversed. we have a new inclusive government in baghdad, a new

iraqi prime minister welcomed by his neighbors, lebanese factions rejecting those who try to provoke war. these steps must be followed by a broader truce. nowhere is this more necessary than syria. together with our partners, america is training and equipping the syrian opposition to be a counterweight to the terrorists of isil and the brutality of the assad regime, but the only lasting solution to serious political -- to syria's war is political, and inclusive political solution that responds to all syrians regardless of ethnicity, creed. cynics may argue that such an outcome can never come to pass, but there is no other way for this madness to end, whether one year from now, or 10.

it points to the fact that it is time for a broader negotiation in the region in which major powers address their differences directly, honestly, and peacefully across the table from one another, rather than through gunwielding proxies. i can promise you that america will remain engaged in the region that we are prepared to engage in that effort. my fourth and final point is a simple one. the countries of the arab and muslim world must focus on the extraordinary potential of their people, especially the youth. and here i would like to speak directly to young people across the muslim world. you come from a great tradition that stands for education, not ignorance, innovation, not

destruction, the dignity of life, not murder. those who call you away from this path are betraying this tradition, not defending it. you have demonstrated that when young people have the tools to succeed, good schools, education in math and science, and economy that nurtures creativity and entrepreneurship, then society will flourish. so, america will partner with those that promote that vision. where women are full participants in the country's politics or economy, societies are more likely to succeed, and that is why we support the participation of women in parliaments, peace process, schools, and the economy. if young people lived in places where the only option is the -- between the dictates of the

state or the lure of extremist underground, then no counterterrorism strategy can succeed, but were a genuine, civil society is allowed to flourish, where people can express their views and organize peacefully for a better life, then you dramatically expand the alternatives to terror. such positive change need not come at the expense of tradition and faith. we see this in iraq, where a young man started a library for his peers. we link iraq's heritage to their hearts, he said, and give them a reason to stay. we stayed in tunisia, where secular and islamist parties work together through political process to create a new constitution. we see it in senegal where civil society thrives alongside a strong democratic government.

we see it in malaysia where vibrant entrepreneurship is propelling a former colony into the ranks of advanced economies. and we see it in indonesia, where what began as a violent transition has evolved into a genuine democracy. now, ultimately, the task of rejecting sectarianism and extremism is a generational task, and a task for the people of the middle east themselves. no external power can bring about a transformation of hearts and minds. but america will be a respectful and constructive partner. we will neither tolerate terrorist safe havens nor act as an occupying power.

we will take action against threats to our security and our allies, while building an architecture of counterterrorism cooperation. we will increase efforts to lift up those who encounter extremist ideologies and who seek to resolve sectarian conflict. we will expand our programs to support entrepreneurship and civil society, education, and youth. these investments are the best anecdotes to violence. -- antidotes to violence. we recognize as well that leadership will be necessary to address the conflict between palestinians and israelis.

as bleak as the landscape appears, america will not give up on the pursuit of peace. understand, the situation in iraq, syria, and libya, should cure anyone of the illusion that the arab-israeli conflict is the main problem of the region. for far too long that has been used as an excuse to distract people from problems at home. the violence engulfing the region today has made too many israelis ready to abandon the hard work of peace, and that is something worthy of reflection within israel because let's be clear, the status quo in the west bank and gaza is not sustainable. we cannot afford to turn away from this effort, not when rockets are fired at innocent israelis or the lives of so many palestinian children are taken from us in gaza.